Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1115/p2311.html

  Social phobia is a highly prevalent yet often overlooked psychiatric disorder that can cause severe disability but fortunately has shown responsiveness to specific pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. […] Recent epidemiologic studies report that social phobia has a lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3 percent and a one-year prevalence rate of 7.9 percent in community samples, making it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder, following substance abuse and depression. […] Onset of social phobia typically occurs between 11 and 19 years of age. […] Untreated, social phobia is chronic and unremitting. […] Approximately 85 percent of patients with the disorder experience academic and occupational difficulties caused by their inability to meet the social demands of securing and maintaining employment or relationships.

• #1 Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized Mental Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1115/p2311.html

  Approximately one half of patients with social phobia have comorbid mental, drug or alcohol problems. […] In a recent epidemiologic study of 2,096 primary care patients in France, it was found that approximately 5 percent of those detected through screening met the criteria for social phobia. […] These data reemphasize the importance of comprehensive psychiatric screening and highlight the need to screen for social phobia, particularly in patients who present with other common mental health disorders, such as depression or substance abuse.

• #2 Social Phobia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290854-overview

  Social phobia, also called social anxiety disorder, is the third most common mental health disorder after depression and substance abuse, affecting as many as 10 million Americans. Social phobia is an anxiety disorder involving intense distress in response to public situations. […] In the United States, 9% of youth experience social phobia at some point in their lifetimea slightly lower rate than the 12.1% rate observed among US adults in the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)-Replication study. This social phobia was associated with marked levels of impairment and persistence. […] The lifetime prevalence of social phobia is estimated at 7%12%. […] Social phobia often goes undiagnosed in patients with other coexisting acute psychiatric conditions such as depression or suicidality but should not be overlooked, as it can contribute to a lack of symptom remission. In some situations, social phobia may be the root cause of depressive or suicidal symptoms.

• #3 Social Anxiety Disorder: Symptoms, Tests, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22709-social-anxiety

  Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) is a medical condition that causes fear and anxiety when you’re around people in social situations. People with social anxiety fear being judged or watched by others. This disorder is treatable with talk therapy and medications such as antidepressants. […] Social anxiety disorder is a common anxiety disorder. […] Social anxiety disorder isn’t uncommon. Approximately 5% to 10% of people across the world have social anxiety disorder. It’s the third most common mental health condition behind substance use disorder and depression. […] Social anxiety disorder is a common mental health condition that can affect anyone. Most people who have social anxiety disorder experience symptoms before they’re 20 years old. Females experience higher rates of social anxiety than males.

• #4 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. […] SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions.

• #5 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Social-Anxiety-Epidemiology.aspx

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD) or social phobia is common in the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of 25% in adults. It presents as a fear of any situations in which interactions with other people are required. SAD is said to be the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the world. […] Epidemiological studies in the USA report that about 7% of the population is affected by social anxiety at any time, and the lifetime risk of the disorder is around 13%. SAD rates among the South American populations are similar to those of the USA, whereas Korea, China, and Japan show extremely low rates of 0.6%, 0.2%, and 0.8% respectively. Generally, high rates of SAD are found in Russia. […] The prevailing SAD rates in other Western countries are similar to those in the USA. […] A survey carried out in 2001-2002 in the USA showed that the following categories of people were more likely to have SAD: youth, people from a low-income group, native Americans, while the following were at less risk for SAD: males, Asians, Hispanics, and blacks, those living in urban areas.

• #6 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder

  Social anxiety disorder is known to appear at an early age in most cases. Fifty percent of those who develop this disorder have developed it by the age of 11, and 80% have developed it by age 20. This early age of onset may lead to people with social anxiety disorder being particularly vulnerable to depressive illnesses, substance use, and other psychological conflicts. […] The National Comorbidity Survey of over 8,000 American correspondents in 1994 revealed 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 7.9 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively; this makes it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder after depression and alcohol use disorder, and the most common of the anxiety disorders. […] According to US epidemiological data from the National Institute of Mental Health, social phobia affects 15 million adult Americans in any given year.

• #6 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder

  The mean onset of social phobia is 10 to 13 years. […] Social anxiety disorder occurs more often in females than males. […] The prevalence of social phobia appears to be increasing among white, married, and well-educated individuals. […] As a group, those with generalized social phobia are less likely to graduate from high school and are more likely to rely on government financial assistance or have poverty-level salaries. […] Surveys carried out in 2002 show the youth of England, Scotland, and Wales have a prevalence rate of 0.4 percent, 1.8 percent, and 0.6 percent, respectively. […] In Canada, the prevalence of self-reported social anxiety for Nova Scotians older than 14 years was 4.2 percent in June 2004 with women (4.6 percent) reporting more than men (3.8 percent). […] In Australia, social phobia is the 8th and 5th leading disease or illness for males and females between 15 and 24 years of age as of 2003. […] Because of the difficulty in separating social phobia from poor social skills or shyness, some studies have a large range of prevalence.

• #7

• #8 Social Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/social-anxiety-disorder

  Social anxiety disorder (formerly social phobia) is characterized by persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), Figure 1 shows past year prevalence of social anxiety disorder among U.S. adults aged 18 or older. An estimated 7.1% of U.S. adults had social anxiety disorder in the past year. Past year prevalence of social anxiety disorder among adults was higher for females (8.0%) than for males (6.1%). […] An estimated 12.1% of U.S. adults experience social anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with social anxiety disorder in the past year, an estimated 29.9% had serious impairment, 38.8% had moderate impairment, and 31.3% had mild impairment.

• #9 Module 7: Anxiety Disorders – Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders

  https://opentext.wsu.edu/abnormal-psych/chapter/module-7-anxiety-disorders/

  The overall prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder is significantly higher in the United States than in other countries, with an estimated 7% of the U.S. population diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, compared to 0.5% to 2.0% worldwide (median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%). […] For social anxiety disorder, the anxiety or fear relates to social situations, particularly those in which an individual can be evaluated by others. […] Like Mary, individuals with social anxiety disorder report that all or nearly all social situations provoke this intense fear. […] It is important to note that the cognitive interpretation of these social events is often excessive and out of proportion to the actual risk of being negatively evaluated. […] Among the most common comorbid diagnoses with a social anxiety disorder are other anxiety-related disorders, major depressive disorder, and substance-related disorders.

• #10 Social Anxiety Disorder | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/

  Social Anxiety Disorder, sometimes called social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme fear or anxiety in one or more social settings. […] Fifteen million, or seven percent, of American adults have Social Anxiety Disorder. More than 75% of people experience their first symptoms during their childhood or early teenage years. […] People with social anxiety disorder are also at an increased risk for substance use disorder and major depressive disorder.

• #11 Phobic Disorders: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-overview

  Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) – 7% […] Specific phobia – 7-9% […] Agoraphobia – 1.7% […] Social anxiety disorder appears to be less common in much of the world than it is in the United States, with 12-month prevalence estimates clustering in the range of 0.5-2.0%; median prevalence in Europe is 2.3%. Prevalence estimates for specific phobia in European countries are close to those in the United States (~6%) but are generally lower in Asian, African, and Latin American countries (2-4%). […] In the United States, social anxiety disorder tends to start early in life, with 75% of the patients experiencing its onset between ages 8 and 15 years and a median age at onset of 13 years. […] The 12-month prevalence estimates for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents are comparable to those in adults.

• #11 Phobic Disorders: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-overview

  Prevalence decreases with advancing age; the 12-month prevalence for older adults is in approximately 7%. […] In general, specific phobia appears earlier than either social anxiety disorder or agoraphobia does. Most such phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. The estimated prevalence of specific phobia is approximately 5% in younger children and 16% in children aged 13-17 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents and adults is approximately 1.7%. […] Agoraphobia may occur in childhood, but the incidence peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood. […] The 12-month prevalence in individuals older than 65 years is 0.4%. […] The phobic disorders appear to have a higher incidence among women. Higher rates of social anxiety disorder are found in females in the general population (with female-to-male ratios ranging from 1.5:1 to 2.2:1), and the sex difference in prevalence is more pronounced in adolescents and young adults.

• #12 Social anxiety disorder (Social phobia) – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/anxiety/types-of-anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder

  Social anxiety disorder (also called social phobia) is when you experience intense anxiety about social situations or performing in front of others. […] If you have social anxiety disorder you’re not alone: around 11 per cent of Australians experience social anxiety during their lifetime […] around 7 per cent experience social anxiety in any 12-month period. […] Research shows that the most effective treatments for social anxiety are: cognitive behaviour therapy, behaviour therapy (including exposure therapy), antidepressant medication for severe social anxiety. […] Social anxiety can run in the family, in part because of a possible genetic predisposition.

• #13

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02190406

  The individualization of social phobia among other phobic disorders is very recent, although previous clinical descriptions can be found in the literature. […] Cross-cultural prevalence and risk factors of social phobia are reviewed. Results of a French community study have found a lifetime prevalence rate of 2.1% in males and 5.4% in females. […] Comorbidity of social phobia with other anxiety disorders and major depression was high. […] Suicidal tendencies, family history and health services utilization were analyzed according to the lifetime comorbidity pattern of social phobia and depression. […] The epidemiology of social phobia: findings from the Duke Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. […] Social phobia. Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2023/65120/nationally_representative_epidemiological_study_of.10.aspx

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also termed as social phobia, is a disabling psychiatric condition with limited epidemiological research on it in India. This study, using data from the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), 2016, is the first to explore its current prevalence and associated factors in India. […] The study found a 0.47% prevalence of SAD, with an average age of 35.68 years (standard deviation (SD) = 15.23) among those affected. Factors, such as male gender, unemployment, and living in urban areas, were associated with higher odds of SAD, while the elderly had lower odds. A significant proportion of individuals with SAD experienced disability in work (63%), social life (77%), and family life (68%). […] A considerable portion of India’s population (approximately 65 lakhs) is affected by SAD.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2023/65120/nationally_representative_epidemiological_study_of.10.aspx

  The current prevalence of SAD in India stands at approximately 0.47%. Notably, individuals residing in urban metropolitan areas exhibit a higher susceptibility to this condition. […] The intriguing discovery of an increased likelihood of SAD among males demands more rigorous scientific exploration.

• #15 Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia | Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-spanish-journal-psychiatry-mental-health-250-articulo-epidemiology-social-phobia-in-andalusia-S188898912100118X

  Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample. […] Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95% CI=0.8-1.4). […] Among this large Andalusian population sample, the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had previously reported such a strong association with paranoia. […] Social phobia, which is now denominated social anxiety disorder (SAD), is characterized by the presence of fear or intense anxiety in one or more social situations in which an individual may be exposed to examination by other people. […] Few epidemiological studies of SAD have been performed in Spain, while more specifically none have been conducted in Andalusia.

• #15 Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia | Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-spanish-journal-psychiatry-mental-health-250-articulo-epidemiology-social-phobia-in-andalusia-S188898912100118X

  The different risk factors associated with SAD include sociodemographic factors such as female sex, adolescence, high per capita income, a history of traumatic events during childhood, few social skills, alterations in social cognition and absenteeism from school. […] Up to 70%-80% of patients with SAD have other comorbid mental disorders, especially depression, psychotic disorders and substance abuse. […] The prevalence of SAD in Andalusia amounts to 1.1%, which is similar to the levels reported in other international studies. The chief risk factors associated with SAD are a younger age, social adversity and the presence of high levels of paranoia.

• #16 Social Anxiety Disorder – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/social-anxiety-disorder

  Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), Figure 3 shows lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder among U.S. adolescents aged 13-18. An estimated 9.1% of adolescents had social anxiety disorder, and an estimated 1.3% had severe impairment. The prevalence of social anxiety disorder among adolescents was higher for females (11.2%) than for males (7.0%).

• #17 Social Phobia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290854-overview

  Social phobia is often comorbid with other anxiety disorders; in one study, 60% of children with social phobia had another disorder (generally an anxiety disorder); 10% had generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or specific phobia. […] Social phobia can also be comorbid with autistic spectrum disorder. Longstanding social phobia increases the lifetime risk of depression later in adulthood, potentially leading to an increased risk of substance abuse, including alcoholism. […] Social phobia occurs in many cultures. Persons of Asian descent in North America may not receive treatment as early in the course of the disorder as persons of European descent. […] In the general population, more females than males develop social phobia, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.52:1; however, in clinical samples, cases involving males are more prevalent.

• #18 Social Phobia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290854-overview

  Social phobia typically manifests in middle childhood, at approximately age 10 years. […] A recent study suggests that interpersonal stressors, including the particularly detrimental stressors of peer victimization and familial emotional maltreatment, may predict the later development of social anxiety symptoms in adolescents who have more immediate depressogenic reactions after stress.

• #19 Social Anxiety Disorder

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Anxiety/SclAnxtyDsrdr.htm

  Prevalence: very common […] Lifetime Prevalence: 13.3% […] Annual Prevalence rate: 7.9% […] Peaks between ages 11 and 19 years old […] Rarely has onset after age 25 years.

• #20 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  SAD has an early age of onset, is a persistent disorder, and is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female sex, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity and health care utilization. […] The current data extend such work with surveys across a broad range of countries, and with a comprehensive assessment of SAD. Differences in prevalence across countries continue to be observed, as is the case for other common mental disorders in the WMH surveys. […] The finding here of similar proportions of SAD respondents with any severe role impairment across country income and geographic groupings suggests that differences in prevalence are not simply due to regional differences in diagnostic thresholding. […] In conclusion, data from the WMH survey provide the most comprehensive picture of the global epidemiology of SAD to date and help address the key question of whether this condition is a peculiarly Western construct.

• #21 Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561

  Several factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including family history, negative experiences, temperament, new social or work demands, and having an appearance or condition that draws attention. […] Left untreated, social anxiety disorder can control your life. […] Other anxiety disorders and certain other mental health disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and substance abuse problems, often occur with social anxiety disorder.

• #22 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  Despite previous research showing the U.S. had a 12% lifetime prevalence rate of SAD in 2005, just fifteen years later Jeffries and Ungar found that participants in the U.S. reported the highest rate of this disorder – nearly 58%. […] According to their findings, 18% of those interviewed claimed that they did not have SAD, but still exceeded the threshold needed to qualify. […] One of the most prominent among these is the rise of social media. […] The recent pandemic has also contributed to the growing prevalence of SAD. […] Jefferies Ungar (2020) note that those who are unemployed, have lower educational levels, and/or live in rural areas are more-likely to present with SAD. […] Conversely, the prevalence rates of social anxiety disorder are the lowest in low-income countries, and the highest in high-income countries.

• #22 Exploring the Recent Rise of Social Anxiety Disorder — Seattle Psychiatrist — Seattle Anxiety Specialists – Psychiatry, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

  https://seattleanxiety.com/psychiatrist/2023/2/24/exploring-the-recent-rise-of-social-anxiety-disorder

  Notably, recent studies have found that the number of people meeting this criteria/who do have social anxiety disorder has been steadily increasing. […] Approximately 15 million adults in the United States are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder every year, totaling about 7.1% of the population. […] According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (2022), in most cases of social anxiety disorder, the individual began experiencing symptoms when they were only around 13 years old. […] Jeffries and Ungar (2020) conducted a self-reported study of nearly 7,000 individuals, aged 16-29, across seven countries selected for their cultural and economic diversity: Brazil, China, Indonesia, Russia, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. They found that 36% of participants met the threshold for social anxiety disorder.

• #23 Pulsenotes | Social anxiety disorder

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/social-anxiety-disorder

  In social anxiety disorder, the fear of social situations is overwhelming and disproportionate. […] It is estimated that up to 15% of adults may have social anxiety disorder during their lifetime. […] Studies have shown that 8-15% of adults will have social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. […] Social anxiety disorder more commonly affects women than men. […] There is significant comorbidity between social anxiety disorder and other mental health problems including depression (19%) and substance use disorder (17%). […] The DSM-V refers to a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, whereas the ICD-11 refers to social phobia. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder.

• #24 Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized… | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/social-anxiety-disorder-a-common-underrecognized.2141/

  Interestingly, longitudinal data show that social phobia precedes approximately 70 percent of these comorbid conditions, suggesting that some comorbid conditions arise in response to the phobia. […] Although these data underscore the need for early detection, social phobia often goes undetected. […] These data reemphasize the importance of comprehensive psychiatric screening and highlight the need to screen for social phobia, particularly in patients who present with other common mental health disorders, such as depression or substance abuse. […] When these obstacles are overcome, social phobia is responsive to specific pharmacologic and psychologic interventions.

• #24 Social Anxiety Disorder: A Common, Underrecognized… | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/social-anxiety-disorder-a-common-underrecognized.2141/

  For years, social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, has been underrecognized and undertreated. […] Recent epidemiologic studies report that social phobia has a lifetime prevalence rate of 13.3 percent and a one-year prevalence rate of 7.9 percent in community samples, making it the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder, following substance abuse and depression. […] Onset of social phobia typically occurs between 11 and 19 years of age. […] Untreated, social phobia is chronic and unremitting. […] Disability from social phobia can be pervasive and severe. Approximately 85 percent of patients with the disorder experience academic and occupational difficulties caused by their inability to meet the social demands of securing and maintaining employment or relationships. […] Approximately one half of patients with social phobia have comorbid mental, drug or alcohol problems.

• #25 The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2

  While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. […] Nevertheless, most of the available data on the epidemiology of SAD originate from high income countries in the West. […] Few data have systematically addressed the 30-day prevalence of SAD (which is important in establishing the prevalence at a particular point in time), whether age of onset and persistence vary across a range of different countries, whether impairment associated with SAD differs from place to place, and whether SAD treatment differs across the globe. […] SAD is associated with substantial impairment in multiple domains of role functioning in the WMH data and with a mean number of days out of work of 24.7 in the past year.

• #26 Social anxiety disorder in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, assessment, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/social-anxiety-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is a common disorder characterized by excessive fears of scrutiny, embarrassment, and humiliation in social or performance situations, leading to significant distress or impairment in functioning. […] SAD is a prevalent condition, estimated to affect between 3 and 7 percent of the adult United States population over a 12-month period. […] The disorder can be associated with extensive functional impairment and reduced quality of life.

• #27 Social Anxiety Disorder | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/social-anxiety-disorder-pro

  Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders. Prevalence has increased in young people since the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been estimated that worldwide prevalence is between 5-10% with a lifetime prevalence of 8.4-15%. This compares to 6% for generalised anxiety disorder, 5% for panic disorder and 2% for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Like most other phobias, social phobias are more common in women. They are also more common in adolescents and young people with a median age of onset of 13 years. […] Unrecognised and untreated, social anxiety disorder may become a lifelong problem with many negative consequences for the individual’s quality of life. These may include poor attainment at school, negative impacts on forming relationships and finding a job, with subsequent financial implications. Many with the condition find it difficult to accept they have a disorder that can respond to treatment.

• #28 The Neural Correlates of Social Anxiety Disorder and Response to Pharmacotherapy | Neuropsychopharmacology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/1301053

  Social anxiety disorder (SAD), often referred to as social phobia, is characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations associated with being observed or evaluated by others or a fear of embarrassing oneself. Epidemiological surveys indicate that SAD represents one of the most common psychiatric disorders with 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of 6.8 and 12.1%, respectively (Kessler et al, 2005a, 2005b). […] In spite of the fact that SAD is associated with severe impairments in social, occupational and family functioning, it has been widely neglected by affected individuals and health-care professionals (Katzelnick et al, 2001; Liebowitz et al, 1985; Weiller et al, 1996). Recent studies estimate that only 5% or less of individuals with SAD seek help from a mental health professional (Schneier et al, 1992; Davidson et al, 1993). […] SAD therefore represents a major public health problem due to its prevalence, morbidity, role as a risk factor, and chronic and neglected nature.

• #29 Social Anxiety Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/social-phobia

  Social anxiety disorder sometimes known as social phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes anxiety or fear in social settings. […] According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), around 15 million American adults have social anxiety disorder. It often starts during the teenage years. […] According to the ADAA, over one-third of people with social anxiety dont seek help until they have had symptoms for at least 10 years. […] Without treatment, social phobia can affect achievement at work and in studies, social interaction, relationships, self-esteem, and quality of life. […] Up to 90% of people have another condition alongside social anxiety, such as depression, alcohol misuse, or thinking about or attempting suicide. […] Social anxiety disorder seems to respond well to a combination of counseling and antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs.

• #30 Social anxiety disorder/social phobia: epidemiology, diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11086145/

  Clear guidelines for the management of social anxiety disorder, including both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, are yet to be established. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) show the most promise for the future, while cognitive-behavioral therapy may also be helpful. In the meantime, physicians should treat social anxiety disorder promptly and aggressively.

• #31 Treatment of social phobia | Advances in Psychiatric Treatment | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-psychiatric-treatment/article/treatment-of-social-phobia/C14381FCAF92BA6E5BD08A820AB33484

  Social phobia might be confused with agoraphobia. […] Typical beliefs in an individual with social phobia focus on the perceived negative evaluation by others of revealing a flaw or unacceptable behaviour (for example, the person believes that her hands will shake or she will sound stupid or boring). […] The emotions in social phobia are predominantly those of anxiety and shame, and sometimes self-disgust or anger (which will depend on beliefs and safety behaviours). […] Alcohol and other substances are commonly used in social phobia, but such usage might result in a self-fulfilling prophecy as patients may indeed make fools of themselves after excessive alcohol consumption. […] The treatment of choice in social phobia is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). […] About 50% of patients relapse on discontinuation of an SSRI and treatment is therefore continued for a minimum of 12 months. […] Only one trial has compared later versions of CBT with an SSRI, and it found CBT to be superior to fluoxetine.

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-001-0019-9

  Social anxiety disorder is a common and chronic disorder that leads to substantial psychosocial impairment. […] Given these serious implications of social anxiety disorder, early effective treatment is extremely important. […] This paper reviews recent findings on the epidemiology, etiology, and treatment for social anxiety disorder, and highlights areas where future research should be directed. […] Social phobia: comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. […] Social phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographic profile. […] Social fears and DSM-IV social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. […] Social phobia subtypes in the National Comorbidity Survey. […] The genetic epidemiology of phobias in women: the interrelationship of agoraphobia, social phobia, situational phobia and simple phobia. […] Low dopamine D2 binding potential in social phobia. […] The only study to date documenting the risk of relapse after discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment of social anxiety disorder.

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