Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dyshidrotic Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/types-of-eczema/dyshidrotic-eczema/

  Dyshidrotic eczema is a skin condition that causes small itchy blisters on the fingers, hands and feet. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes small, itchy blisters on the fingers, hands and feet. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is also referred to as pompholyx (which means bubble in ancient Greek), palmoplantar eczema or vesicular eczema. […] When dyshidrotic eczema occurs on the hands, its often called hand eczema. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is the cause for approximately 5% to 20% of those cases. […] Symptoms of dyshidrotic eczema typically appear only on the hands and feet, not all over the body. […] How is dyshidrotic eczema diagnosed? […] Dermatologists can usually diagnose dyshidrotic eczema with a skin exam and medical history. […] They might also take a skin scraping or do a blood test to rule out other skin conditions.

• #2 Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx): Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1122527-overview

  Dyshidrotic eczema is a type of eczema (dermatitis) that is characterized by a pruritic vesicular eruption (bullae, or blisters) on the fingers, palms, and soles; typically these intensely itchy blisters develop on the edges of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles of the feet. […] The clinical course of dyshidrotic eczema can range from self-limited to chronic, severe, or debilitating. The skin condition’s unresponsiveness to treatment can be frustrating for the patient and physician. […] Diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema includes the following: Typically a clinical diagnosis; Bacterial culture and sensitivity can rule out secondary infection; Patch testing to exclude allergic contact dermatitis; Recalcitrant cases warrant systemic evaluation; Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount to exclude dermatophyte infection; Punch biopsy for direct immunofluorescence to exclude bullous pemphigoid.

• #3 Dyshidrotic eczema (Pompholyx, Vesicular Hand Eczema) — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/dyshidrotic-eczema

  Dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx) is an itchy, chronic, recurrent, often symmetric eruption on the palms of hands, fingers, and soles of the feet. […] The exact prevalence of dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx) is not known. […] It is a clinical diagnosis as the history and clinical appearances are typical when other causes are excluded. […] Patch testing may be considered in chronic or atypical cases where there is a suspicion of an allergic contact cause. […] Skin biopsy is rarely necessary, and shows a spongiotic eczema.

• #4 Dyshidrotic Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/dyshidrotic-eczema/

  Dyshidrotic eczema is a skin condition that causes small itchy blisters on the fingers, hands and feet. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes small, itchy blisters on the fingers, hands and feet. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is also referred to as pompholyx (which means bubble in ancient Greek), palmoplantar eczema or vesicular eczema. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is not contagious. You cant catch it or spread it to another person. […] The actual cause of dyshidrotic eczema is not known. […] Dermatologists can usually diagnose dyshidrotic eczema with a skin exam and medical history. They might also take a skin scraping or do a blood test to rule out other skin conditions. […] Once you are diagnosed with dyshidrotic eczema, many cases can improve quickly with a short course of topical corticosteroids combined with soaking or applying cool compresses to affected areas a few times a day to help dry out blisters.

• #5 Dyshidrotic Eczema: A Common Cause of Palmar Dermatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7647841/

  Dyshidrotic eczema (DE) or acute palmoplantar eczema is a common cause of hand and foot dermatitis in adults. […] The diagnosis is mostly clinical and suggested by a recurrent rash of acute onset with vesicles and bullae located in the fingers extending to the palmar surfaces of the hands. […] The diagnosis of DE is mainly clinical. […] A skin biopsy is rarely required and is usually indicated when there is a lack of improvement with treatment or if an infection is indicated in the differential diagnosis. […] The identification of the condition by clinical features is crucial given that it is mainly a clinical diagnosis and biopsy is reserved for patients with refractory disease or suspected secondary infection.

• #6 Dyshidrotic dermatitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/91

  Dyshidrotic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing-remitting vesicular eruption of the palms and soles; classically pruritic; also known as dyshidrotic eczema dermatitis. […] Diagnosis is based on characteristic history and physical examination. […] Pompholyx is a term often used synonymously with dyshidrotic dermatitis, but some advocate for the term to be reserved for more acute, severe eruptions of large bullae on the hands and feet. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, skin lesions, and pruritus. […] 1st investigations to order include clinical diagnosis. […] Investigations to consider include skin biopsy, potassium hydroxide (KOH), patch testing, and skin scraping.

• #7 Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1122527-workup

  A 2023 S2k guideline from a group of German medical societies made recommendations for the diagnosis of hand eczema (HE), including the following: Epicutaneous patch testing should be performed if HE persists for more than 3 months, if there is no response to an adequate therapy, or if contact allergy is clinically suspected. Testing should be done with the standard series but may be extended to additional tests, depending on exposure. […] The diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx) is usually a clinical one, though bacterial culture and sensitivity tests may be useful for excluding secondary infection. Blood tests are not usually ordered; however, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are commonly elevated. […] Patch testing is performed to exclude allergic contact dermatitis. Measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase levels allows accurate dosing of azathioprine. In recalcitrant cases, systemic evaluation is recommended, including serology for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV1), which can rule out the dyshidrosislike variant of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

• #8 Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1122527-workup

  Punch biopsy for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining is usually unnecessary. Punch biopsy for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining may help exclude dermatophytosis in patients with unresponsive disease. Punch biopsy for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is used to exclude bullous pemphigoid. […] Spongiosis with an epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate and intraepidermal vesicles or bullae are present. The vesicles are not associated with sweat glands.

• #9 Dyshidrosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyshidrosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352348

  To diagnosis dyshidrosis, your doctor will likely talk with you about your medical history and look at the affected skin. You might need other tests to rule out conditions that can cause symptoms similar to those of dyshidrosis. For example, a scraping of the skin can be tested for the type of fungus that causes athlete’s foot. Or you might have a patch test. With this test, the skin is exposed to a small amount of suspected allergen and watched for a reaction. […] Your doctor is likely to ask you questions, such as: When did you first notice your symptoms? Are your symptoms present all the time or only once in a while? How severe are your symptoms? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

• #10 Dyshidrotic Dermatitis Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/dyshidrotic-dermatitis-pompholyx-1069255

  Dyshidrotic dermatitis is a skin condition characterized by small, itchy blisters over the palms, fingers, or the soles of the feet. […] This article discusses dyshidrotic eczema and its symptoms and causes. It also covers how the condition is diagnosed and treated. […] There is no specific test that can definitively diagnose dyshidrotic eczema. It’s generally diagnosed by a physical exam coupled with a detailed medical history. […] If there is any uncertainty, your healthcare provider may also order: A skin scraping or biopsy to check for infection, Patch testing to check for allergens, Blood testing to test for, among other things, allergies and autoimmune disorders. […] Dyshidrotic eczema is often misdiagnosed and can easily be confused with other skin problems like: Atopic dermatitis on the hands, Contact dermatitis, Palmoplantar pustulosis.

• #11 Dyshidrotic Dermatitis – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/dyshidrotic-dermatitis/

  Dyshidrotic dermatitis or dyshidrotic eczema is characterized by small vesicles on the lateral aspects of the fingers and sometimes the soles of the feet. […] Pompholyx is a term best reserved for acute, explosive outbreaks of small to large vesicles and bullae on the palms and soles. […] Typically, the location on the lateral fingers and the relapsing course are strong clues to the diagnosis of dyshidrotic dermatitis. […] The conditions that mimic dyshidrotic hand dermatitis include the other vesicular palmoplantar eczemas (pompholyx, chronic hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis, and id reactions). […] Irritant contact dermatitis typically affects different parts of the hand than dyshidrotic dermatitis. […] Allergic contact dermatitis can be clinically indistinguishable from dyshidrotic dermatitis. […] The etiology and pathogenesis of dyshidrotic dermatitis is, as of yet, unknown. […] The diagnosis of dyshidrotic dermatitis is generally made by clinical examination.

• #12 Symmetrical Vesicular Eruption on the Palms | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2012/0415/p811.html

  A 30-year-old woman presented with a nonpruritic vesicular eruption on the palms that began one week earlier. […] Based on the patient’s history and physical examination findings, which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Dyshidrotic eczema. […] The answer is A: dyshidrotic eczema. Dyshidrotic eczema, also known as dyshidrosis and pompholyx, is a vesicular eruption that primarily affects the palmar aspect of the hands and lateral aspects of the fingers. […] Diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema is clinical and based on a detailed history and the appearance of the rash. […] A culture of the vesicles may rule out a secondary infection. […] A punch biopsy of the affected area will reveal spongiosis with an epidermal lymphocytic infiltrate.

• #13 Pompholyx (dyshidrotic) eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/pompholyx-eczema-2/

  Pompholyx eczema (also known as dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema that affects the hands and feet. It involves the development of intensely itchy, watery blisters, affecting the sides of the fingers, the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. […] Pompholyx eczema can coexist with fungal infections, so assessment should include checking for the presence of any fungal infection on the hands and/or feet. […] For severe pompholyx eczema, a dermatology referral may be required for treatment and/or diagnosing contact allergy through patch testing. […] Alitretinoin (known as Toctino) is an oral treatment licensed for use in adults with severe chronic hand eczema (including pompholyx) that has not responded to treatment with potent topical steroids. […] Patch testing is carried out in suspected cases of allergic contact dermatitis, not irritant contact dermatitis.

• #14 DermNet – The prevalence of dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx)…FacebookShared with Public

  https://www.facebook.com/dermnetnz/posts/the-prevalence-of-dyshidrotic-eczema-pompholyx-is-not-known-but-it-is-uncommon-a/855508646601007/

  The prevalence of dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx) is not known, but it is uncommon. Approximately 20% of patients assessed in a patch test clinic for hand dermatitis had dyshidrotic eczema (pompholyx). […] It is a clinical diagnosis as the history and clinical appearances are typical when other causes are excluded. Unilateral involvement is suspicious for a fungal infection (eg, tinea manuum or tinea pedis), and skin scrapings should be taken for mycology. Patch testing may be considered in chronic or atypical cases where there is a suspicion of an allergic contact cause. Skin biopsy is rarely necessary, and shows a spongiotic eczema.

• #15 Pompholyx: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/atopic-eczema/pompholyx

  Pompholyx is a type of eczema where there are itchy blisters on the hands and feet, followed by inflamed and dry skin. […] How is pompholyx diagnosed? It is diagnosed by the medical history and the appearance of the skin. Typically, there is no need for medical tests. However, tests might be done especially to rule out other conditions. […] Skin scrapings could be taken to test for fungal infections, especially if only one side is affected. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) test can also be used if a fungal infection is suspected. […] Patch testing can find out if the cause is a contact allergy, such as hygiene products and metals. […] A small piece of skin (a biopsy) is rarely necessary. It can be helpful if other skin conditions, such as psoriasis, are suspected.

• #16 Dyshidrotic Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/types-of-eczema/dyshidrotic-eczema/

  How is dyshidrotic eczema treated? […] Once you are diagnosed with dyshidrotic eczema, many cases can improve quickly with a short course of topical corticosteroids combined with soaking or applying cool compresses to affected areas a few times a day to help dry out blisters. […] When dyshidrotic eczema is severe or flares happen often, dermatologists may prescribe phototherapy, topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) or oral steroids. […] How do you manage dyshidrotic eczema symptoms? […] Knowing your triggers and maintaining a regular skincare routine can help prevent and manage dyshidrotic eczema flares. […] Patch testing with a dermatologist is one way to identify possible triggers, if you suspect certain ingredients or allergens. […] Possible signs of bacterial infection include swelling, crusting or pus-filled blisters. […] See a dermatologist to check for infection.

• #17 Eczema types: Dyshidrotic eczema diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/dyshidrotic-eczema/treatment

  If you frequently get blisters, making an appointment to see a board-certified dermatologist can be helpful. Several different diseases can cause blisters, including dyshidrotic eczema. To get effective treatment, you need an accurate diagnosis. […] The following explains how dermatologists diagnose and treat dyshidrotic eczema, which can cause blisters on your hands, feet, or both. […] If your dermatologist suspects that you have dyshidrotic eczema, your dermatologist will: Look closely at the skin on your hands and feet. Take a bit of fluid from a blister if it looks infected. Ask you questions about your health, what you do for work and hobbies, and when you usually develop blisters. […] If your dermatologist thinks that the dyshidrotic eczema could be due to an allergy, an allergy test called patch testing may be recommended.

• #18 Dyshidrotic Eczema: Pictures, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/dyshidrotic-eczema

  No lab test can confirm that you have dyshidrotic eczema, but if you notice blisters on your hands and feet, see a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in your skin). Theyll look at your hands and feet, as well as your nails. Your doctor could also suggest tests to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, such as athletes foot. […] You also might need to see an allergy doctor (allergist). Patch tests can show if you have an allergy to nickel or another metal. During these tests, your doctor will put patches with a small amount of different metals or other things on your skin to see whether you react to them.

• #19 Pompholyx: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pompholyx-pro

  Investigations are not usually necessary, as the diagnosis can invariably be made clinically. However, in cases which do not respond to treatment, culture and sensitivity to exclude bacterial infection, punch biopsy to exclude fungal infection and patch testing for contact dermatitis should be considered. Serology for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) should also be performed to rule out dyshidrosis-like variant of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. […] The condition is self-limiting but, as it can be intensely itchy, symptomatic treatment may be in order. In practice, many patients require a combination of treatments.

• #20 Dyshidrotic Eczema (Dyshidrosis): Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17728-dyshidrotic-eczema

  Dyshidrotic eczema is a common skin condition that causes blisters and itchy skin. […] Healthcare providers will examine the affected areas on your skin. They may ask if you’re undergoing significant stress or have a personal or family history of dyshidrotic eczema. […] Your healthcare provider may perform several tests to confirm their diagnosis or rule out conditions that look similar to dyshidrotic eczema, including contact dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid and hand, foot and mouth disease. The tests may include: Allergy test, Biopsy, Blood tests. […] Dyshidrotic eczema usually goes away with treatment, but it may come back later. You may need to follow a specific skin care routine at home or continue using medication to reduce your symptoms. […] If you have dyshidrotic eczema, you can take action to reduce your likelihood of flare-ups. A good skin care routine and medicines such as antihistamines can help you manage your symptoms. Other therapies, including phototherapy, can help as needed.

• #21 Dyshidrosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyshidrosis

  Dyshidrosis is diagnosed clinically by gathering a patient’s history and making observations. […] Allergy testing and culture may be done to rule out other problems. […] Severity of symptoms can also be assessed using the dyshidrotic eczema area and severity index (DASI), although it was designed for clinical trials and is not typically used in practice.

• #22 Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/pompholyx-dyshidrotic-eczema

  Pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema) is a type of eczema. It causes tiny blisters to develop across the fingers, palms of the hands and sometimes the soles of the feet. You should see your GP if you have any sort of blistering skin condition. […] The main treatments your GP may recommend to treat the symptoms of pompholyx are similar to those used when treating atopic eczema, including: emollients (moisturisers) use these all the time and instead of soap to stop your skin becoming dry; steroid cream this reduces the inflammation and irritation and helps the skin to heal. […] If your pompholyx keeps returning or is severe and doesn’t get better with the above treatments, your GP may refer you to a specialist in treating skin conditions (dermatologist).

• #23 Dyshidrotic eczema: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/dyshidrotic-eczema

  Dyshidrotic eczema (DE) is a common group of skin conditions in which the skin cannot protect itself as well as it should, so the person often gets itchy, dry skin. […] If you think that you might have DE, an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are important. […] When dyshidrotic eczema (DE) flares, a dermatologist can diagnose it by looking at your skin. Your dermatologist will also ask about your medical history, work, hobbies, and recent stress level. If your dermatologist thinks that the DE could be due to an allergy, an allergy test called patch testing may be recommended. […] If the above treatments fail to work or you have severe DE, your dermatologist may recommend one of the following: […] If you are receiving intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin and develop blisters on your hands or feet after an infusion, be sure to tell your doctor. This is likely DE. A few patients develop this eczema after receiving immunoglobulin therapy. The eczema can worsen with each infusion, so early diagnosis is important.

• #24 Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Hand Eczema | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-guidelines-for-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-articulo-S1578219019303737

  Hand eczema is a common condition associated with significantly impaired quality of life and high social and occupational costs. […] Early diagnosis and appropriate protective measures are essential to prevent progression to chronic eczema, which is much more difficult to treat. […] These guidelines cover the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of chronic hand eczema and highlight the role that primary care and occupational health physicians can play in the early management of this disease. […] Diagnosis of hand eczema is clinical and based on history taking and physical examination. […] Diagnostic tests (patch tests, prick tests, microbiological tests, and skin biopsy) are useful for ruling out other diseases and establishing an etiologic diagnosis. […] When faced with a case of hand eczema, GPs should recommend adequate protection against irritants and moisture and correct usage of gloves and emollients. […] GPs should assess the need for sick leave in patients with chronic hand eczema and refer the patient to a specialist for additional tests. […] There is no universally accepted classification of hand eczema, but diagnostic subgroups can be established based on morphologic and etiologic criteria.

• #25 Dyshidrotic Eczema (Pompholyx): Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1122527-overview

  Individuals with dyshidrotic eczema should be educated about the difficulty of achieving successful treatment. They should be informed that the typical first-line treatments for the blisters of this condition are high-strength topical steroids and cold compresses and that additional treatments that might be helpful include stress reduction (possibly involving consultation with a mental health professional and potentially including biofeedback therapy) and hand care measures (eg, use of moisturizers and emollients).

• #26 Dyshidrotic Eczema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments | MyEczemaTeam

  https://www.myeczemateam.com/resources/dyshidrotic-eczema-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Dyshidrotic eczema is usually diagnosed by a dermatology expert. Your dermatologist will examine your skin, ask about the symptoms you’ve been experiencing, and rule out the possibility of other skin conditions before making a diagnosis. […] If you have small, itchy, unexplained blisters, you likely have dyshidrotic eczema, Dr. Kim said. The reality is there aren’t that many infections that lead to blisters, he noted. However, you will need to see a doctor in order to receive a definitive diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema.

• #27 Eczema types: Dyshidrotic eczema diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/dyshidrotic-eczema/treatment

  Thats often all thats needed to determine whether you have dyshidrotic eczema. If you do, your dermatologist will create a treatment plan tailored to your needs. […] In one study, researchers found that about 33% of patients who had dyshidrotic eczema on their hands got rid of the dyshidrotic eczema only after treating an infection on their feet. […] Your dermatologist will create a treatment plan for you to follow at home. This treatment plan will be tailored to your individual needs and may include the following: Soaks and cool compresses: Medicated soaks and cool compresses can be very effective for drying blisters. […] If you continue to have flare-ups after following the treatment plan prescribed by your dermatologist, tell your dermatologist. It can take time to find the right treatment for dyshidrotic eczema. […] Testing can find out if you have any allergies that may be triggering your flare-ups.

• #28 Dyshidrotic Eczema Treatment | Fairview Dermatology

  https://fairviewderm.com/medical-dermatology/dyshidrotic-eczema-treatment/

  At Fairview Dermatology, we provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment for dyshidrotic eczema, a specific type of eczema that affects the hands and feet. […] If you’re experiencing these symptoms, especially if they’re persistent or severe, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] Our providers will thoroughly examine your skin, discuss your symptoms and medical history, and may perform tests to rule out other conditions. We’ll then develop a comprehensive treatment plan to manage your dyshidrotic eczema effectively. […] Dr. Hudson and the team at Fairview Dermatology are experienced in diagnosing and treating dyshidrotic eczema. If you’re struggling with persistent blisters, itching, or other symptoms on your hands or feet, we’re here to help.

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