Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  Symptomatic infection with pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), a human pathogen, is clinically relevant in Germany, with an estimated prevalence in childhood of 220%. […] There is little systematically verified knowledge on the treatment of this condition, and there is no corresponding German guideline. […] This review is, therefore, intended as a summary of the current state of knowledge. […] The approved antihelminthic agents are mebendazole, pyrantel embonate, and pyrvinium embonate (success rates up to 90%). […] In nearly all cases, antihelminthic treatment along with attention to hygienic measures can successfully eradicate pinworm infection and prevent recurrence and autoinfection. […] Despite a high disease incidence, there is surprisingly scant systematically proven knowledge on treatmentnot to mention a German-language guideline; therefore, since general practitioners, as well as infectious disease and pediatric outpatient departments, are nevertheless regularly confronted with enterobiasis, this article aims to summarize the current state of knowledge in order to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment.

• #1 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  There are many different types of intestinal worms, but the most common is threadworm (also called pinworm). Threadworm is a type of roundworm that is commonly found in preschool and school-aged children, however the whole family can become infected. […] Threadworm causes a very itchy bottom, which is usually worse at night. If your child is infected with threadworm, it is not usually serious and can be treated easily with medication. […] If your child has threadworm, they may: have an itchy bottom, which may become red and inflamed from scratching; be irritable and generally out of sorts; not sleep very well; have a reduced appetite. […] You may be able to see threadworm if you examine your child at night. Take a torch, separate your childs buttocks and look carefully around the anus (and the opening to the vagina in girls). You might see tiny white threads that may be moving.

• #1 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The diagnosis should be suspected in children with a perianal itch, and is confirmed by detection of the pinworms characteristic eggs. Applying clear sticky tape to the perianal skin and examining it for eggs is the best way to make the diagnosis. This is best done in the morning before bathing, as the worms migrate during resting periods. […] Microscopy on faeces can be conducted, although finding eggs is exceptional.

• #1 Pinworm infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376386

  Your doctor can confirm the presence of pinworms by identifying the worms or eggs. […] To help your doctor make a diagnosis, you can perform the tape test. […] For best results, perform the tape test three days in a row, and then take the pieces of tape to your doctor. Your doctor can look at the tape under a microscope to see if there are any pinworm eggs. […] When you call to make an appointment, ask about performing the tape test. The test involves pressing the adhesive side of a piece of transparent tape to the skin around the anus of the person you suspect has pinworms as soon as the person awakens. The eggs stick to the tape. […] You then take the tape to your appointment so the doctor can look for pinworms or eggs under a microscope.

• #1 Pinworm test Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/pinworm-test

  A pinworm test is a method used to identify a pinworm infection. Pinworms are small, thin worms that commonly infect young children, although anyone can be infected. […] The best way to diagnose this infection is to do a tape test. The best time to do this is in the morning before bathing, because pinworms lay their eggs at night. […] This test is performed to check for pinworms, which can cause itching in the anal area. […] If adult pinworms or eggs are found, the person has a pinworm infection. Usually, all household members need to be treated with medicine. This is because pinworms are easily passed back and forth within a household.

• #1 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  The diagnostic method of choice is the perianal Scotch tape specimen, which is taken in the morning prior to the first bowel movement and washing of the genital area (sensitivity of three samples taken consecutively and analyzed microscopically: around 90%). […] Mebendazole should be used as first-line treatment. […] Due to the high risk of recurrence, repeat administration after 14 and 28 days is recommended even in the case of initial infection. […] Treating all members of a household, as well as sexual partners, with single-dose mebendazole at 14-day intervals for a period of 16 weeks in collaboration with a specialized center is recommended in the case of chronic recurrent infection.

• #1 Pinworm Infestation – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/pinworm-infestation

  Diagnosis is by visual inspection for threadlike worms in the perianal area or the cellophane tape test for ova. […] Pinworm infestation can be diagnosed by finding the female worm, which is 8 to 13 mm long (males are 2 to 5 mm), in the perianal region 1 or 2 hours after going to bed at night or in the morning or by using a low-power microscope to identify ova on cellophane tape. […] Diagnose pinworm infestation by collecting ova in the morning on cellophane tape and using a low-power microscope to identify them; diagnosis can also be made by finding the female worm in the perianal region 1 or 2 hours after a person goes to bed at night.

• #1 Pinworms, threadworms, enterobiasis, oxyuriasis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pinworms

  How is pinworm infection confirmed? The adult worms can be seen with the naked eye, as thin, white, wriggling threads: look at the anus at night or at the surface of bowel motions. […] The sticky tape test involves sticking a piece of clear adhesive tape to the crease of the anus, and is best carried out at night. The tape should catch any pinworm eggs, which can be confirmed by looking at the tape under the microscope.

• #1 Threadworms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/threadworms-pro

  Diagnosing threadworms (investigations) Often the diagnosis is clear and no investigation is required. There is no need to see the threads and treatment can be given on the basis of symptoms. […] If parents want to confirm the presence of threadworms then they can use the adhesive tape test for eggs. Transparent wide hypo-allergenic adhesive tape is applied to the perianal skin first thing in the morning, before wiping or bathing. It does not have to be left on overnight. Many tiny eggs are usually seen adherent to the tape although they are so small they can be difficult to detect. […] Another test is to apply some thick cream such as Sudocrem over the anus and vulva before bed. If tight underwear is worn all night then worms can often be seen in the cream on the underwear the next morning. […] However, as above, the diagnosis does not need to be confirmed by seeing the worms, and successful treatment is often confirmation enough.

• #1 Diagnosing Pinworms | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/diagnosing/index.html

  Speak with your healthcare provider to learn about testing and diagnosis of pinworm infection. […] A healthcare provider should diagnose pinworm, but they may ask you to help them by doing one of these things: […] Conduct a „tape test”. Press the sticky side of clear tape against the skin near the anus to collect pinworm eggs. […] If the person has pinworm infection, eggs may appear on the tape under a microscope. […] A healthcare provider may also check for pinworm eggs under the affected person’s fingernails, since people with pinworms usually scratch the itchy area containing the eggs.

• #1 Intestinal Parasites & Worms: Symptoms, Types, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/intestinal-parasites

  Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and perform a physical exam. Theyll perform stool tests to look for parasite eggs in your poop. Often, thats the only test youll need. […] Other diagnostic tests include: The Scotch tape test: This test can help your provider see if you or your child has pinworms. You place sticky tape around your anus to pick up any eggs that may be there. Your provider will look at the tape beneath a microscope to check for eggs. […] Blood tests: Blood tests can show if you have low red blood cells (anemia) or too many white blood cells (eosinophilia). This is a sign of some types of parasitic infections. Some tests detect antigens or antibodies. These tiny proteins can indicate the presence of a particular parasite. […] Imaging: Your provider may order an X-ray, ultrasound, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT scan (computed tomography scan) to identify adult worms in your intestines. […] Colonoscopy: This test can show any damage inside your intestines related to an intestinal infection.

• #1 Pinworm infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382

  Pinworm infection is the most common type of intestinal worm infection in the United States and one of the most common worldwide. […] Treatment involves oral drugs that kill the pinworms and thorough washing of pajamas, bedding and underwear. […] Consult your doctor if you have severe anal itching, especially at night. […] Accidentally swallowing or breathing in pinworm eggs causes a pinworm infection. […] Pinworm eggs can survive for two to three weeks on surfaces. […] Typical pinworm infections don’t cause serious problems. […] In rare circumstances, heavy infestations can cause infection of female genitals. […] Although rare, other complications of a pinworm infection may include urinary tract infections. […] To reduce your risk of getting or spreading an infection, wash your hands well after using the toilet or changing a diaper and before eating.

• #1 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Pinworm infections pass easily from person to person in places where children are in close contact, including daycare centers, preschools and schools. […] Youll know you have a pinworm infection if you find signs of either the pinworm or the eggs. […] Check for pinworms about two to three hours after you fall asleep. […] You can also use tape to collect the eggs. This is called the tape test. […] Your child will need to take an oral (taken by mouth) anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms. […] Pediatricians recommend that an infected childs family members and caregivers also get treated at the same time to reduce the risk of reinfection. […] No. Untreated pinworms lay more eggs, making it easier to spread the infection. Your child will need medicine to get rid of them. […] Medications cure pinworms 90% to 100% of the time. With proper treatment, pinworms go away and dont cause long-term health problems.

• #1 Pinworm (Enterobiasis) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-differential

  The diagnostic process usually is completed after hearing the symptoms of the infected person, including perianal itching, perianal pain, insomnia, or diarrhea. Diarrhea can be seen in the early stage of the pinworm infection. […] Diagnosis is based on the detection of eggs after the perianal swab with cellotape. However, the egg negative finding does not always indicate non-infection, because the false negative rate is high. The egg positive finding means that one female worm died after ovulation at the perianal area. If a male worm stays in the caecum, it can not be detected. Also, if female worms are present in the large intestine, but do not migrate to the perianal area, eggs can not be detected. Therefore for more accurate diagnosis, repeat examination is required. If the worm burden is high, there is a chance of egg positive at the single exam. However, if the worm burden is low, the repeat exam is helpful for the diagnosis.

• #1 Threadworms diagnosis – Crohns’ Disease misdiagnosis

  https://www.mymisdiagnosis.com/misdiagnosis/crohns-disease/645

  It has been reported that some patients have been misdiagnosed with Crohns Disease, when in fact the correct diagnosis in their specific case was Threadworms. […] As the parasite lives in the GI tract it can mimic conditions such as Crohns disease. […] Always consult your doctor or health professional, and do not self diagnose. […] Symptoms are a guideline only and may apply to either the diagnosis or the reported misdiagnosis, or both. Consult your specialist for further information.

• #1 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_infection/article.htm

  Pinworm infection is spread from person to person mostly in crowded places or in places where people live in institutions. […] If pinworms are suspected, transparent adhesive tape or a pinworm paddle (supplied by your health care professional) are applied to the anal region. The eggs (and sometimes the parasites themselves) adhere to the sticky tape or paddle and are identified by examination under a microscope. The test is sometimes referred to as „the Tape Test.” […] The majority of pinworm-infected patients can be treated by the patient’s primary care or pediatric physician. Rarely, an infectious disease specialist, parasitologist, OB/GYN, gastroenterologist, or dermatologist is consulted. […] Most pinworm infections are treated at home with the above medications. However, reinfection is fairly common. To both reduce the chances for reinfection and to help prevent others from getting pinworms, see the prevention section. […] Good hygiene will help reduce the spread of the parasites.

• #1 The Basics – Management of threadworms | GPonline

  https://www.gponline.com/basics-management-threadworms/gi-tract/article/1073433

  The typical symptoms in a child raise the possibility of threadworm infestation, and parents may suggest the diagnosis if their family has been affected before, or if a playmate of their child has recently been diagnosed. […] Laboratory confirmation of an obvious infestation is not always necessary, but is useful if the diagnosis is putative or disputed. A moistened swab from the anal region or a stool sample may reveal worms or eggs. The sticky tape test may be useful: the sticky side of some clear adhesive tape is applied to the area around the anus, preferably at night, with the hope that eggs will stick to it. When the tape is sent to the laboratory, eggs will be visible under microscopy.

• #1 Threadworms

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/threadworms/

  Threadworms (pinworms) are tiny worms in your poo. They’re common in children and spread easily. You can treat them without seeing a GP. […] You can spot threadworms in your poo. They look like pieces of white thread. […] You might also see them around your child’s bottom (anus). The worms usually come out at night while your child is sleeping. […] A pharmacist can help with threadworms. […] You can buy medicine mebendazole for threadworms from pharmacies. This is usually a chewable tablet or liquid you swallow. […] Treat everyone over 2 years old in your household, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Tell the pharmacist if you need to treat a child under 2 years old, or if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. Treatment might not be suitable and you may need to speak to a GP. […] If you cannot take medicine you can treat threadworms by using hygiene methods for 6 weeks.

• #1 Threadworms | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/threadworms/

  If you or your child have threadworms you can get advice and treatment directly from a pharmacy. […] Your pharmacist may recommend that you speak to your GP if required. […] Mebendazole is the main medication used to treat threadworm infection. It can be bought over the counter from your local pharmacy or prescribed by your GP. […] Treat everyone over 2 years old in your household, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Tell the pharmacist if you need to treat a child under 2 years old, or if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. Treatment might not be suitable and you may need to speak to a GP. […] If you cannot take medicine you can treat threadworms by using hygiene methods for 6 weeks.

• #1 Pinworms: Treatment, Prevention and When to See a Doctor | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/pinworms-treatment-and-prevention

  How Are Pinworms Diagnosed? […] You have to see the eggs or worms to make the diagnosis. The best way to do this is by doing a tape test. In the morning, before your child goes to the bathroom or washes up, put the sticky side of a piece of clear tape around the anus. Remove the tape and look for pinworms or their eggs. You can also buy a tape test kit at the pharmacy. If you do not find pinworms, do the tape test 2 more mornings in a row, to be sure.

• #1 Threadworms

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/threadworms/

  Medicine kills the threadworms, but it does not kill the eggs. Eggs can live for up to 2 weeks outside the body. […] There are things you can do to stop becoming infected again. Do these for 2 weeks if you’re taking medicine, or for 6 weeks if you’re not taking medicine. […] If you or your child has threadworms there’s no need to stay off nursery, school or work.

• #1 Diagnosis and treatment – Primary Care Notebook

  https://primarycarenotebook.com/pages/general-information/threadworm/diagnosis-and-treatment

  Hygiene measures are essential, whether anthelmintic treatment is used or not. […] Preventative measures may also improve therapeutic success and include the following: thorough handwashing and fingernail cleaning after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling food. […] Reinfection rates may be decreased by cleaning floors, bedlinens, and curtains frequently with hot soapy water and cleaning the toilet seat frequently.

• #1 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  How do I know if my child has threadworms? […] Look for small white pieces of thread in your child’s poo. […] If you suspect your child is infected, you can also place transparent tape on the skin near the anus before your child goes to sleep, and check it for eggs first thing in the morning. […] If your child is infected, eggs should be visible, but may be better seen under a microscope. […] Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. […] However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further. […] Infection is spread through worm eggs on contaminated surfaces. […] Threadworms can be avoided by practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands after going to the toilet and before eating food.

• #2 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  There are many different types of intestinal worms, but the most common is threadworm (also called pinworm). Threadworm is a type of roundworm that is commonly found in preschool and school-aged children, however the whole family can become infected. […] Threadworm causes a very itchy bottom, which is usually worse at night. If your child is infected with threadworm, it is not usually serious and can be treated easily with medication. […] If your child has threadworm, they may: have an itchy bottom, which may become red and inflamed from scratching; be irritable and generally out of sorts; not sleep very well; have a reduced appetite. […] You may be able to see threadworm if you examine your child at night. Take a torch, separate your childs buttocks and look carefully around the anus (and the opening to the vagina in girls). You might see tiny white threads that may be moving.

• #2 Threadworms

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/threadworms/

  Threadworms (pinworms) are tiny worms in your poo. They’re common in children and spread easily. You can treat them without seeing a GP. […] You can spot threadworms in your poo. They look like pieces of white thread. […] You might also see them around your child’s bottom (anus). The worms usually come out at night while your child is sleeping. […] A pharmacist can help with threadworms. […] You can buy medicine mebendazole for threadworms from pharmacies. This is usually a chewable tablet or liquid you swallow. […] Treat everyone over 2 years old in your household, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Tell the pharmacist if you need to treat a child under 2 years old, or if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. Treatment might not be suitable and you may need to speak to a GP. […] If you cannot take medicine you can treat threadworms by using hygiene methods for 6 weeks.

• #2 Threadworms – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/threadworms/

  5-year-old Willow arrives in the ED at 3 a.m. Her mum says she has been waking up screaming on the last few nights, clutching her vulval area and saying it hurts. Her parents have noticed she is scratching her bottom a lot, too, and theyve had an email from school saying there are cases of threadworms in the reception class. […] Diagnosis of threadworms is usually based on clinical history. You can ask parents to perform the sticky tape test if there is any doubt. […] Transparent sticky tape is applied to the perianal area first thing in the morning and then examined under a microscope to detect threadworm eggs. This is rarely needed in practice, as a history of itchy bottom or vulvovaginitis is usually enough. You dont need to examine the stool. […] Willows mum is reassured by your explanation that her daughter has threadworms. […] Public Health England guidance states that children should not be excluded from schools or childcare settings if they have threadworms. Proper hand hygiene should mean that adults are at lower risk of transmitting threadworms to other adults or vulnerable contacts.

• #2 Diagnosing Pinworms | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/diagnosing/index.html

  Speak with your healthcare provider to learn about testing and diagnosis of pinworm infection. […] A healthcare provider should diagnose pinworm, but they may ask you to help them by doing one of these things: […] Conduct a „tape test”. Press the sticky side of clear tape against the skin near the anus to collect pinworm eggs. […] If the person has pinworm infection, eggs may appear on the tape under a microscope. […] A healthcare provider may also check for pinworm eggs under the affected person’s fingernails, since people with pinworms usually scratch the itchy area containing the eggs.

• #2 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Threadworms are tiny white worms that can live in your intestines. […] You can treat threadworm with a single dose of medicine available from the pharmacy. […] How is threadworm diagnosed? […] You may see worms (they will look like small bits of thread) in your bowel motion (poo). […] Another way to check for worms is to put clear sticky tape briefly onto the skin around the anus. […] You can also take this sticky tape to your doctor in a specimen container. […] Your doctor may also ask for a faeces (poo) sample.

• #2 Pinworm Infection

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pinworm/fact_sheet.htm

  Finding the female worm or the eggs confirms the diagnosis of pinworms. […] If adult worms are not visible, conduct a tape test in the morning. Apply a piece of transparent tape against the folds of skin around the anus to pick up any eggs or worms. Seal in a plastic bag. […] Take the tape to a health care provider. The eggs and worms caught on the tape can be identified under a microscope. […] Because bathing or a bowel movement can remove the eggs, the tape test should be done as soon as the person wakes up in the morning.

• #2 Pinworms: Infection, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pinworms

  A tape test is the most reliable method for diagnosing a pinworm infection. This test involves pressing the sticky, adhesive side of clear cellophane tape against the skin around the anus. […] If eggs are present, they should stick to the tape. […] The CDC recommends conducting a tape test on at least three consecutive mornings to increase your likelihood of finding the eggs.

• #2 Pinworms, threadworms, enterobiasis, oxyuriasis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pinworms

  How is pinworm infection confirmed? The adult worms can be seen with the naked eye, as thin, white, wriggling threads: look at the anus at night or at the surface of bowel motions. […] The sticky tape test involves sticking a piece of clear adhesive tape to the crease of the anus, and is best carried out at night. The tape should catch any pinworm eggs, which can be confirmed by looking at the tape under the microscope.

• #2 Pinworm Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic-infections-roundworms-nematodes/pinworm-infection

  The infection can be diagnosed by finding the eggs or sometimes the adult pinworm around the anus. […] The diagnosis of pinworm infection is made by finding the eggs or adult pinworms around the anus. Eggs can be obtained by patting the skinfolds around the anus with the sticky side of a strip of transparent tape. This should be done in the early morning before the person defecates or wipes the area. The tape can be taken to the doctor for microscopic examination. Doctors may ask people to repeat this procedure several days in a row to make sure that they obtain eggs, if present. […] The best way to search for adult pinworms is to examine the anus approximately 1 to 2 hours after going to bed for the night. The worms are white and hair-thin, but they wiggle and are visible to the naked eye.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/pinworms

  Itching during the night in a childs perianal area strongly suggests pinworm infection. Diagnosis is made by identifying the worm or its eggs. […] If your child has a pinworm infection, you can see worms on the skin near the anal region or on underwear, pyjamas or sheets, about two or three hours after your child has fallen asleep. You also might see the worms in the toilet after your child goes to the bathroom. They look like tiny pieces of white thread and are really small about as long as a staple. You might also see them on your child’s underwear in the morning. […] Pinworm eggs can be collected and examined using the tape test as soon as the person wakes up. This test is done by firmly pressing the adhesive side of clear, transparent cellophane tape to the skin around the anus. The eggs stick to the tape and the tape can be placed on a slide and looked at under a microscope. This test should be done as soon as the person wakes up in the morning before they wash, bathe, go to the toilet, or get dressed. The tape test should be done on three consecutive mornings to increase the chance of finding pinworm eggs.

• #2 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  If you or someone you know is showing signs of a pinworm infection, speak with your healthcare provider. There are three ways, with your help, your provider can diagnose pinworm infection: […] Conduct a „tape test” to collect possible pinworm eggs around the anus. […] Look at samples from under the fingernails of the person who may have pinworms.

• #2 Enterobius Vermicularis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536974/

  Enterobius can be diagnosed through a cellophane tape test or pinworm paddle test where an adhesive tape-like material is applied to the perianal area and then examined under a microscope. The examination might reveal characteristic ova which are 50 by 30 microns in size and have a flattened surface on one side or may reveal the worms. […] If the examination is negative for five consecutive mornings, then the diagnosis is ruled out. Stool examination is not helpful in the diagnosis of E. vermicularis as they are only occasionally excreted in the stool usually. […] The examination is usually done in the early morning for higher diagnostic yield.

• #2 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Diagnosing a threadworm infection typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. […] The most common diagnostic method is the „tape test.” This involves pressing a piece of clear adhesive tape against the skin around the anus in the morning before bathing or using the toilet. The tape is then examined under a microscope for the presence of threadworm eggs. […] In some cases, a healthcare provider may perform a visual inspection of the anal area for the presence of adult worms or eggs.

• #2 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  How Are Pinworms Diagnosed? […] If a person suspects pinworms but does not see them, the „tape test” can be used. […] The doctor may decide based upon the patient’s symptoms that pinworms are present and may treat with medication without doing any tests. […] If one person in a household has pinworms and other people in the household have the same symptoms, it is not necessary to test everyone before treating.

• #2 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms infect the gut and lay eggs around the anus which causes itchiness. Treatment usually includes medication plus hygiene measures. […] Medication kills the worms but not their eggs, which can survive for two weeks. Therefore, strict hygiene measures are advised for two weeks after taking medication, in order to prevent the swallowing of eggs which may cause a new infection. […] All household members should be treated at the same time, including those without symptoms. […] If one member of a household is infected, it is common for others also to be infected. So, everyone needs treatment. […] The common treatments are: To take a threadworm medicine to kill the worms in the gut; and Hygiene measures to clear eggs which may be around the back passage (anus) or in the home. […] Medication will kill the worms in the gut but not the eggs that have been laid around the anus.

• #2 Threadworms- symptoms & treatment- Qoctor your online doctor

  https://www.qoctor.com.au/threadworms/

  Threadworms may also be visible in a child’s poo. […] If your child has a very itchy bottom, but you haven’t spotted worms, your doctor may still suggest treating them for threadworms, just in case. […] In certain situations it is important to speak to a doctor, as treatment with over-the-counter medication may not be suitable, including pregnant women, children under the age of 2, if there are more concerning symptoms such as weight loss, change in bowel habit, fatigue or generally feeling unwell, if the initial symptoms, such as itchy bottom, don’t settle as expected following treatment. […] If you have further questions about threadworms, speak your doctor or pharmacist.

• #2 What Are Pinworms? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pinworms/guide/

  How Is a Pinworm Infection Diagnosed? […] There are three different ways to approach the diagnosis of pinworms. […] Examine the anus. Wake your child about one to two hours after you put him or her to bed, then check around his or her anus for wiggly, white, hair-thin worms that are about to inch (0.63 to 1.27 centimeters) long. […] Use transparent tape. First thing in the morning (before your child bathes or uses the bathroom), firmly place a 1-inch piece of transparent tape against the skin around the anus for a few seconds, allowing any pinworm eggs to stick to the tape. Next, transfer the tape to a glass slide, sticky side down, and place inside a sealed plastic bag. Repeat for three consecutive mornings and take the tape to the doctor for microscopic examination. If you see worms that have adhered to the tape, you can likely inform your doctor that you’ve found pinworms. […] Analyze under-the-fingernail samples. A physician may also opt to use a microscope to examine a specimen taken from under a child’s fingernails. Eggs may be found there due to scratching.

• #2 Diagnosis and treatment – Primary Care Notebook

  https://primarycarenotebook.com/pages/general-information/threadworm/diagnosis-and-treatment

  Diagnosis is established by early morning application of sellotape to the anus – or moistened swab – with microscopy for typical eggs. […] Treatment of choice in patients aged over two years is with mebendazole. […] Treatment should be offered to the individual if threadworms have been seen or their eggs have been detected, but all members of the household should be treated simultaneously, even if they have no symptoms. […] Mebendazole therapy has a 96% cure rate and has the fewest side effects – however, its safety during pregnancy has been questioned. […] Very little evidence for anthelmintic treatments but it is generally accepted that cure rates with either agent are 90-100%. […] Retreatment in 1-2 weeks may decrease reinfection rates – this is because the usual medications only kill the adult worms and have no effect on developing eggs or larvae.

• #2 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  How do I know if my child has threadworms? […] Look for small white pieces of thread in your child’s poo. […] If you suspect your child is infected, you can also place transparent tape on the skin near the anus before your child goes to sleep, and check it for eggs first thing in the morning. […] If your child is infected, eggs should be visible, but may be better seen under a microscope. […] Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. […] However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further. […] Infection is spread through worm eggs on contaminated surfaces. […] Threadworms can be avoided by practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands after going to the toilet and before eating food.

• #2 Understanding Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms and How You Get Them

  https://www.columbiaclinic.com/pinworms-threadworms

  Our team at Columbia Clinic Urgent Care is equipped to diagnose and manage pinworm infections effectively. […] We offer prompt evaluation and diagnosis to ensure that you or your child receive the appropriate treatment quickly. […] Our healthcare professionals can perform a thorough assessment to confirm the presence of pinworms, often utilizing techniques like the tape test to collect eggs for microscopic examination. […] Once diagnosed, we provide effective treatment options, typically involving prescription medications that target and eliminate the parasites. […] Our team can offer guidance on maintaining excellent hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, which is crucial after using the restroom and before meals. […] Our healthcare professionals can provide you with practical advice and strategies to minimize the risk of reinfection.

• #2 Threadworms

  https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  How do I know if my child has threadworms? […] If you suspect your child is infected, you can also place transparent tape on the skin near the anus before your child goes to sleep, and check it for eggs first thing in the morning. If your child is infected, eggs should be visible, but may be better seen under a microscope. […] Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #3 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6522669/

  The diagnostic method of choice is the perianal Scotch tape specimen, which is taken in the morning prior to the first bowel movement and washing of the genital area (sensitivity of three samples taken consecutively and analyzed microscopically: around 90%). […] Mebendazole should be used as first-line treatment. […] Due to the high risk of recurrence, repeat administration after 14 and 28 days is recommended even in the case of initial infection. […] Treating all members of a household, as well as sexual partners, with single-dose mebendazole at 14-day intervals for a period of 16 weeks in collaboration with a specialized center is recommended in the case of chronic recurrent infection.

• #3 Threadworms – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/threadworms/

  5-year-old Willow arrives in the ED at 3 a.m. Her mum says she has been waking up screaming on the last few nights, clutching her vulval area and saying it hurts. Her parents have noticed she is scratching her bottom a lot, too, and theyve had an email from school saying there are cases of threadworms in the reception class. […] Diagnosis of threadworms is usually based on clinical history. You can ask parents to perform the sticky tape test if there is any doubt. […] Transparent sticky tape is applied to the perianal area first thing in the morning and then examined under a microscope to detect threadworm eggs. This is rarely needed in practice, as a history of itchy bottom or vulvovaginitis is usually enough. You dont need to examine the stool. […] Willows mum is reassured by your explanation that her daughter has threadworms. […] Public Health England guidance states that children should not be excluded from schools or childcare settings if they have threadworms. Proper hand hygiene should mean that adults are at lower risk of transmitting threadworms to other adults or vulnerable contacts.

• #3 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  Threadworm is spread when children scratch their bottom, causing the eggs to collect under the fingernails. The child then carries the worm eggs back to their mouth with their hands. The eggs can also be spread indirectly, in food, dust, or other items. The eggs can survive up to two weeks outside the body. […] You cannot catch threadworm from animals. […] You can talk to a pharmacist about over-the-counter treatment options. Drugs such as pyrantel (Combantrin) or mebendazole (Banworm) are very safe and often recommended. […] Treat all the family members at the same time, even if they arent showing any symptoms. Adults can also get threadworm. […] If you have tried a threadworm treatment for your child and their symptoms have not improved, take them to your GP. The doctor will examine your child and may want to do blood or faeces (poo) tests. […] Threadworm is common in preschool and school-aged children. […] Threadworm causes very annoying itching in the area between a childs buttocks. […] Its easy to treat threadworm with the right medication. […] There are precautions to prevent threadworm spreading and reinfecting.

• #3 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  After taking the first dose of medication for threadworms, it is essential to follow the hygiene measures outlined above. Sometimes a second dose of medication is recommended two weeks after the first in case any eggs have been swallowed after the first dose. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. Hygiene measures alone may work and the worms die after about six weeks. […] Following the hygiene measures described above for six weeks should break the cycle of re-infection and clear the gut of threadworms. […] Yes. There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc. The hygiene measures described above will mean that children will not have any eggs on their fingers when they go out from the home each day and so are unlikely to infect others.

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