Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Threadworm Treatment | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/gastroenterology/an-action-plan-to-prevent-and-combat-threadworm-infection-21-10-2003/

  Threadworm infection is especially common in preschool and school-age children, but can spread to the entire family. […] Threadworms (pinworms) are known as Enterobius vermicularis. They look like pieces of white cotton thread and live in the rectum of humans. They are harmless. If they are infected, children can continue to attend nursery school or school, but parents should inform the school that the infection is being treated. […] Medication is necessary to remove the infection. It is available over the counter or on prescription. Effective drug treatments for threadworm include piperazine (paralyses the worms which are then expelled in the faeces) and/or mebendazole (prevents sugar absorption by the worms resulting in their death in a few days). […] Strict hygienic measures should be taken to prevent re-infection. It is best to treat the entire family on the same day.

• #2 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Threadworms are a common parasitic infection affecting millions of individuals worldwide, particularly children. […] Recognizing the symptoms of a threadworm infection is crucial for timely treatment. The most common symptoms include: […] The hallmark symptom of a threadworm infection is intense itching around the anus, primarily at night. […] Threadworms can cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. […] Children infected with threadworms may exhibit behavioural changes such as restlessness, irritability, and a decrease in appetite. […] Treating a threadworm infection involves both medication and hygiene measures to prevent reinfection. […] The most commonly prescribed medications for threadworm infections are: […] It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent reinfection.

• #3 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworms are particularly common in children and are easily treated. […] Infection is spread through worm eggs on contaminated surfaces. […] Threadworms can be avoided by practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands after going to the toilet and before eating food. […] Wash all clothes, bed linen, towels and soft toys on a regular basis.

• #4 Threadworm infection : University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/threadworm-infection

  Enterobius, also known as threadworm, is an infection caused by small, white parasitic worms. These worms live in the large intestine and rectum of humans and adult worms can survive for five to six weeks. When an infected person sleeps, eggs are shed onto the skin around the anus where they can survive for two to three weeks. […] Infection can cause intense itching of the area around the anus as the female threadworm lays her eggs. It can also be asymptomatic. The adhesive tape test helps to diagnose threadworm. This involves pressing transparent tape onto the skin around the anus. This should be done in the morning, before going to the toilet or washing and then the tape should be given to your doctor. This can then be examined under a microscope to look for threadworm eggs. […] Mebendazole is the first-line treatment used to treat Enterobius which involves taking two doses, spread two weeks apart. If the treatment is used correctly and strict hygiene measures are followed, it should break the cycle.

• #5 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworms are particularly common in children and are easily treated. […] Infection is spread through worm eggs on contaminated surfaces. […] Threadworms can be avoided by practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands after going to the toilet and before eating food. […] Wash all clothes, bed linen, towels and soft toys on a regular basis.

• #6 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. […] In children, the pinworm can cause vulvovaginitis during its migration from the anus. […] There are a number of drugs available for treatment, including pyrantel embonate, mebendazole and albendazole. […] Care should be taken to change the linen and underwear of the infected person daily for several days after treatment, taking care to avoid dispersing the eggs into the air. […] Preventive measures include effective handwashing, particularly before eating or preparing food. […] Keeping nails short […] Discouraging scratching of the bare anal area and nail biting […] Bathing or showering daily […] Changing to clean underwear, nightclothes and bedsheets frequently, preferably after bathing.

• #7 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Your child will need treatment if they have a pinworm infection. Luckily, pinworms dont usually cause serious medical problems and are easy to cure. […] Your child will need to take an oral (taken by mouth) anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms. Theyll take one dose immediately and another dose two weeks later to be sure all the worms are gone. […] Pediatricians recommend that an infected childs family members and caregivers also get treated at the same time to reduce the risk of reinfection. Preventing reinfection is one of the biggest challenges in getting rid of pinworms. […] To relieve the itching, you can: Wash their anal area with warm water and soap. Use a 1% hydrocortisone cream on the skin around their anus. […] The most effective way to prevent a pinworm infection (or reinfection) is by preventing the eggs from reaching your childs (or your) mouth. Model good hygiene and the following practices for your child: […] Medications cure pinworms 90% to 100% of the time. With proper treatment, pinworms go away and dont cause long-term health problems.

• #8 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. […] In children, the pinworm can cause vulvovaginitis during its migration from the anus. […] There are a number of drugs available for treatment, including pyrantel embonate, mebendazole and albendazole. […] Care should be taken to change the linen and underwear of the infected person daily for several days after treatment, taking care to avoid dispersing the eggs into the air. […] Preventive measures include effective handwashing, particularly before eating or preparing food. […] Keeping nails short […] Discouraging scratching of the bare anal area and nail biting […] Bathing or showering daily […] Changing to clean underwear, nightclothes and bedsheets frequently, preferably after bathing.

• #9 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. […] In children, the pinworm can cause vulvovaginitis during its migration from the anus. […] There are a number of drugs available for treatment, including pyrantel embonate, mebendazole and albendazole. […] Care should be taken to change the linen and underwear of the infected person daily for several days after treatment, taking care to avoid dispersing the eggs into the air. […] Preventive measures include effective handwashing, particularly before eating or preparing food. […] Keeping nails short […] Discouraging scratching of the bare anal area and nail biting […] Bathing or showering daily […] Changing to clean underwear, nightclothes and bedsheets frequently, preferably after bathing.

• #10 Threadworms In Children | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/threadworms

  Threadworms can cause itching around the bottom and genitals. […] If your child has worms – treat the whole family. […] See your family doctor if your child has ongoing symptoms of worms. […] Threadworms cause tamariki to get a very itchy bottom, usually worse at night. […] In girls, itching and redness can also be around the vulva and vagina. […] Tamariki may complain of a shooting pain in the vagina. […] For some children, worms can cause vulvovaginitis. […] Threadworms live in the lower digestive tract but come out of the bottom at night to lay their eggs. […] These eggs can then be carried back to the mouth or spread in food or on other items. […] Your whole family will need treatment at the same time, even if they don’t have symptoms. […] If your child is under 2 years old, see your family doctor.

• #11 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Threadworms are a common parasitic infection affecting millions of individuals worldwide, particularly children. […] Recognizing the symptoms of a threadworm infection is crucial for timely treatment. The most common symptoms include: […] The hallmark symptom of a threadworm infection is intense itching around the anus, primarily at night. […] Threadworms can cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. […] Children infected with threadworms may exhibit behavioural changes such as restlessness, irritability, and a decrease in appetite. […] Treating a threadworm infection involves both medication and hygiene measures to prevent reinfection. […] The most commonly prescribed medications for threadworm infections are: […] It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent reinfection.

• #12 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Threadworms are a common parasitic infection affecting millions of individuals worldwide, particularly children. […] Recognizing the symptoms of a threadworm infection is crucial for timely treatment. The most common symptoms include: […] The hallmark symptom of a threadworm infection is intense itching around the anus, primarily at night. […] Threadworms can cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. […] Children infected with threadworms may exhibit behavioural changes such as restlessness, irritability, and a decrease in appetite. […] Treating a threadworm infection involves both medication and hygiene measures to prevent reinfection. […] The most commonly prescribed medications for threadworm infections are: […] It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent reinfection.

• #13 Threadworm infection : University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/threadworm-infection

  Enterobius, also known as threadworm, is an infection caused by small, white parasitic worms. These worms live in the large intestine and rectum of humans and adult worms can survive for five to six weeks. When an infected person sleeps, eggs are shed onto the skin around the anus where they can survive for two to three weeks. […] Infection can cause intense itching of the area around the anus as the female threadworm lays her eggs. It can also be asymptomatic. The adhesive tape test helps to diagnose threadworm. This involves pressing transparent tape onto the skin around the anus. This should be done in the morning, before going to the toilet or washing and then the tape should be given to your doctor. This can then be examined under a microscope to look for threadworm eggs. […] Mebendazole is the first-line treatment used to treat Enterobius which involves taking two doses, spread two weeks apart. If the treatment is used correctly and strict hygiene measures are followed, it should break the cycle.

• #14 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  Threadworm causes a very itchy bottom, which is usually worse at night. If your child is infected with threadworm, it is not usually serious and can be treated easily with medication. […] You can talk to a pharmacist about over-the-counter treatment options. Drugs such as pyrantel (Combantrin) or mebendazole (Banworm) are very safe and often recommended. Follow the instructions on the packet, bearing in mind special precautions may be given for children under two years of age and for pregnant women. […] Treat all the family members at the same time, even if they aren’t showing any symptoms. Adults can also get threadworm. […] If you have tried a threadworm treatment for your child and their symptoms have not improved, take them to your GP. The doctor will examine your child and may want to do blood or faeces (poo) tests. Also take your child to the GP if: your child passes a large worm; they have abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or low energy levels. […] Threadworm is common in preschool and school-aged children. Threadworm causes very annoying itching in the area between a child’s buttocks. It’s easy to treat threadworm with the right medication. There are precautions to prevent threadworm spreading and reinfecting.

• #15 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms infect the gut and lay eggs around the anus which causes itchiness. Treatment usually includes medication plus hygiene measures. […] All household members should be treated at the same time, including those without symptoms. […] The common treatments are: To take a threadworm medicine to kill the worms in the gut; and Hygiene measures to clear eggs which may be around the back passage (anus) or in the home. […] Note: for babies under the age of 6 months, only hygiene measures are possible, as no medicine is able to be given in this age group. […] Medication will kill the worms in the gut but not the eggs that have been laid around the anus. […] It is often not the home which is the main source of threadworm eggs. Children may come into contact with eggs in schools or nurseries, particularly in the toilets if they are not cleaned properly.

• #16 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Threadworms are a common parasitic infection affecting millions of individuals worldwide, particularly children. […] Recognizing the symptoms of a threadworm infection is crucial for timely treatment. The most common symptoms include: […] The hallmark symptom of a threadworm infection is intense itching around the anus, primarily at night. […] Threadworms can cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhoea. […] Children infected with threadworms may exhibit behavioural changes such as restlessness, irritability, and a decrease in appetite. […] Treating a threadworm infection involves both medication and hygiene measures to prevent reinfection. […] The most commonly prescribed medications for threadworm infections are: […] It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent reinfection.

• #17 Threadworms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/threadworms-pro

  Mebendazole is the drug of choice in adults and in children older than 2 years. It is given as a single oral dose, and is best repeated after two to three weeks in case re-infection has occurred. Mebendazole kills the worms. […] All the family should be treated together if possible as asymptomatic infection is common, and transmission may occur through handling of contaminated food, clothing and bed linen. […] Hygiene measures include: Wear tight underwear at night. Have a bath or shower each morning and wash around the anus. Change and wash underwear, nightwear and, if feasible, bed linen and towels each day for the week after treatment. Do not shake them as this spreads eggs. Do not share towels. […] Children with threadworm do not need to be kept off school or nursery but good hygiene within these establishments should be encouraged.

• #18 What is threadworm and how can I treat it? | Guides

  https://www.chemist-4-u.com/guides/pharmaceutical-advice/threadworm/

  Threadworm is usually treated with a medication called mebendazole, which is a type of medication known as anthelmintics. […] Anthelmintic medications work as an antiparasitic, meaning that mebendazole kills threadworms and is 90100% effective with every treatment. […] However, mebendazole and other antiparasitic medications cant kill threadworm eggs, which means youll need to keep an eye on your personal hygiene for at least 6 weeks after taking your first treatment and may need to take a second dose if your doctor advises that this will work for you. […] You can buy some threadworm treatments, like Ovex tablets and suspensions, over the counter from your pharmacist. […] These remedies are suitable for adults and children, but youll need to answer some questions before buying this medication.

• #19 Threadworms – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/threadworms/

  Adults are not immune from picking up thread worms from their own or other peoples children, and it is not uncommon for the entire family to be symptomatic with perianal itching and/or night-time vulval pain. […] Treatment involves medication and lifestyle measures. […] Parents should be encouraged to self-manage by buying over-the-counter medication from their pharmacy. In the UK, this is oral mebendazole. It is available as a suspension for younger children or as a chewable tablet for older children and adults. Mebendazole is not licensed for children under two years, though it is considered safe for infants over six months. The entire household should be treated, and treatment should be repeated after 14 days. […] Public Health England guidance states that children should not be excluded from schools or childcare settings if they have threadworms. Proper hand hygiene should mean that adults are at lower risk of transmitting threadworms to other adults or vulnerable contacts.

• #20 How to Treat Pinworms in Kids: Signs, Treatment, and Options

  https://nextcare.com/health-resources/how-to-treat-pinworms-in-kids/

  Discovering your child has pinworms can be unsettling, but don’t panic. These tiny, thread-like worms are surprisingly common, especially in kids. Fortunately, learning how to treat pinworms in kids is generally straightforward and effective. […] Pinworms, also called threadworms, are parasitic worms that live in the human intestines. While anyone can get them, they are most common in school-aged children. […] The good news is that pinworms are easily treated. Your child’s doctor will likely recommend an over-the-counter or prescription anti-parasite medication. The medications are generally effective, often requiring two doses spaced two weeks apart to target both the adult worms and any eggs that might hatch after the first treatment. […] It’s critical to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Ensure all family members are treated simultaneously, even if they don’t show symptoms, to prevent reinfection.

• #21 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  Threadworm causes a very itchy bottom, which is usually worse at night. If your child is infected with threadworm, it is not usually serious and can be treated easily with medication. […] You can talk to a pharmacist about over-the-counter treatment options. Drugs such as pyrantel (Combantrin) or mebendazole (Banworm) are very safe and often recommended. Follow the instructions on the packet, bearing in mind special precautions may be given for children under two years of age and for pregnant women. […] Treat all the family members at the same time, even if they aren’t showing any symptoms. Adults can also get threadworm. […] If you have tried a threadworm treatment for your child and their symptoms have not improved, take them to your GP. The doctor will examine your child and may want to do blood or faeces (poo) tests. Also take your child to the GP if: your child passes a large worm; they have abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or low energy levels. […] Threadworm is common in preschool and school-aged children. Threadworm causes very annoying itching in the area between a child’s buttocks. It’s easy to treat threadworm with the right medication. There are precautions to prevent threadworm spreading and reinfecting.

• #22 Pinworms common in kids under age 10 | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/pinworms-common-in-kids-under-age-10

  Pinworm is the common name for a small, pale roundworm known as Enterobius vermicularis. They are also sometimes called threadworms due to their slender, threadlike appearance. […] Anyone living with or caring for an individual with pinworms is at risk of infection. […] To stop the cycle of infection, it is recommended to treat everyone who may have been exposed. This may consist of a single dose of an over-the-counter medication known as pyrantel pamoate, which paralyzes the worms and allows the body to safely remove them via the stool. Although available without a prescription, we strongly recommend that this medication be used under medical supervision. Several prescription anti-parasite medications are also extremely effective. Anyone who suspects a pinworm infection should see their health care provider for diagnosis and treatment.

• #23 Threadworms, Information Prescription — Banagher Family Practice

  https://www.bfphealth.com/helpful-resources/2020/12/10/threadworms-information-prescription

  The risk of transmission between household members is high (around 75%), which means that everyone in the household is likely to be infected, even if they don’t have any symptoms. […] Mebendazole and piperazine are two medications that are commonly used to treat threadworm infections. […] Mebendazole is the preferred treatment for children over two years old. […] As threadworm re-infections are very common, a second dose of mebendazole may be prescribed to be taken after two weeks. […] Piperazine is not recommended if you have epilepsy (a condition that causes seizures) or problems with your liver or kidneys. […] Mebendazole and piperazine are 90%-100% effective at killing the threadworms, but they don’t kill the eggs. Therefore, the hygiene measures outlined above should be followed for two weeks after treatment. […] If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, medication is usually not recommended. To treat threadworms, use the hygiene method. […] Medication is not recommended for babies under three months old who have a threadworm infection. Instead, follow the hygiene method.

• #24 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. […] In children, the pinworm can cause vulvovaginitis during its migration from the anus. […] There are a number of drugs available for treatment, including pyrantel embonate, mebendazole and albendazole. […] Care should be taken to change the linen and underwear of the infected person daily for several days after treatment, taking care to avoid dispersing the eggs into the air. […] Preventive measures include effective handwashing, particularly before eating or preparing food. […] Keeping nails short […] Discouraging scratching of the bare anal area and nail biting […] Bathing or showering daily […] Changing to clean underwear, nightclothes and bedsheets frequently, preferably after bathing.

• #25 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms infect the gut and lay eggs around the anus which causes itchiness. Treatment usually includes medication plus hygiene measures. […] All household members should be treated at the same time, including those without symptoms. […] The common treatments are: To take a threadworm medicine to kill the worms in the gut; and Hygiene measures to clear eggs which may be around the back passage (anus) or in the home. […] Note: for babies under the age of 6 months, only hygiene measures are possible, as no medicine is able to be given in this age group. […] Medication will kill the worms in the gut but not the eggs that have been laid around the anus. […] It is often not the home which is the main source of threadworm eggs. Children may come into contact with eggs in schools or nurseries, particularly in the toilets if they are not cleaned properly.

• #26 Threadworms – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/threadworms/

  Adults are not immune from picking up thread worms from their own or other peoples children, and it is not uncommon for the entire family to be symptomatic with perianal itching and/or night-time vulval pain. […] Treatment involves medication and lifestyle measures. […] Parents should be encouraged to self-manage by buying over-the-counter medication from their pharmacy. In the UK, this is oral mebendazole. It is available as a suspension for younger children or as a chewable tablet for older children and adults. Mebendazole is not licensed for children under two years, though it is considered safe for infants over six months. The entire household should be treated, and treatment should be repeated after 14 days. […] Public Health England guidance states that children should not be excluded from schools or childcare settings if they have threadworms. Proper hand hygiene should mean that adults are at lower risk of transmitting threadworms to other adults or vulnerable contacts.

• #27 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Mebendazole is the usual treatment for people aged over 2 years. […] All household members, including adults and those without symptoms, should take a dose at the same time. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. Hygiene measures alone may work and the worms die after about six weeks. […] Yes. There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc. The hygiene measures described above will mean that children will not have any eggs on their fingers when they go out from the home each day and so are unlikely to infect others. […] General hygiene measures which reduce the risks of getting threadworms again are: Washing hands and scrubbing under the nails first thing in the morning, after using the toilet or changing nappies, and before eating or preparing food.

• #28 Pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility while taking mebendazole – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/mebendazole/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-fertility-while-taking-mebendazole/

  Mebendazole can be used during pregnancy, if necessary. However, threadworms are not dangerous to you or your baby. […] If your doctor or health visitor says that your baby is healthy, it’s OK to take mebendazole while breastfeeding. Mebendazole only passes into breast milk in tiny amounts, and your baby will not be able to absorb a lot into their body from the breast milk. It has not been known to cause any side effects in breastfed babies. […] There’s no evidence to suggest that taking mebendazole reduces fertility in either men or women.

• #29 Threadworms Treatment in Breastfeeding Mothers – The Breastfeeding Network

  https://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/factsheet/threadworms/

  Threadworms are small, white, thread-like worms between 2 and 13 mm long. Infection in children is common and toddlers may infect their mothers who may be breastfeeding. […] The BNF states that the amount excreted into breastmilk is too small to be harmful although the manufacturer advises avoidance under the limitations of licensing. […] Side effects in the mother are generally gastro-intestinal with tummy cramps and diarrhoea reported (BNF). Preparations are not licensed during lactation but as it is virtually unabsorbed from the gut it is unlikely to cause adverse effects in the baby or to affect breastmilk supply. […] Piperazine is reported to be excreted in breast milk (Leach 1990) but no reports on the amounts have located. According to the manufacturer, the mother should take her dose of the drug immediately following feeding her infant, and then express and discard her milk during the next 8 hours (BNF, Leach 1990). It is given directly to babies down to 3 months of age (BNFC) suggesting that the amount reaching a breastfed baby is safe (Jones 2018). However use of mebendazole is preferable based on available safety data (Jones 2018, LactMed).

• #30 Threadworms and Breastfeeding – Breastfeeding and Medication

  https://breastfeeding-and-medication.co.uk/fact-sheet/threadworms-and-breastfeeding

  Breastfeeding mothers may take mebendazole and continue to breastfeed as normal. […] Breastfeeding mothers may take the mebendazole and continue to breastfeed as normal. […] Oral bioavailability 2-10%, highly plasma protein bound, half life 2.8-9 hours Considering the poor oral absorption and high protein binding, it is unlikely that mebendazole would be transmitted to the infant in clinically relevant concentrations (Hale Medications and Mothers Milk accessed April 2023). […] Mebendazole is poorly excreted into breastmilk and poorly absorbed orally. Reports on the use of mebendazole during breastfeeding have found no adverse reactions in breastfed infants. (LactMed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501340/ accessed April 2023). […] Based on a low oral bioavailability, concentration in the infants plasma should be nil or low, except in premature and newborn infants with a increased intestinal absorption capacity. (Elactancia https://www.e-lactancia.org/breastfeeding/mebendazole/product/ accessed April 2023).

• #31 Threadworms

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/threadworms/

  Threadworms spread when their eggs are swallowed. They lay eggs around your bottom (anus), which make it itchy. The eggs get stuck on your fingers when you scratch. […] If you cannot take medicine you can treat threadworms by using hygiene methods for 6 weeks. […] Medicine kills the threadworms, but it does not kill the eggs. Eggs can live for up to 2 weeks outside the body. […] There are things you can do to stop becoming infected again. Do these for 2 weeks if you’re taking medicine, or for 6 weeks if you’re not taking medicine. […] If you or your child has threadworms there’s no need to stay off nursery, school or work.

• #32 Threadworms, Information Prescription — Banagher Family Practice

  https://www.bfphealth.com/helpful-resources/2020/12/10/threadworms-information-prescription

  To successfully treat threadworms, all household members must be treated, even if they have no symptoms. […] The aim of treatment is to get rid of the threadworms and prevent re-infection. […] Some treatments are available from your local pharmacy without prescription. Always follow the manufacturers instructions because they may not be suitable for everyone. […] See below for treatment advice for pregnant and breastfeeding women and babies. […] Strict hygiene measures can be used to clear up a threadworm infection and reduce the likelihood of re-infection. […] The life span of threadworms is approximately six weeks, so it’s important that the hygiene methods are followed for six weeks. […] Medication can be used to treat threadworms. It should be taken by everyone in the household.

• #33 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Mebendazole is the usual treatment for people aged over 2 years. […] All household members, including adults and those without symptoms, should take a dose at the same time. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. Hygiene measures alone may work and the worms die after about six weeks. […] Yes. There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc. The hygiene measures described above will mean that children will not have any eggs on their fingers when they go out from the home each day and so are unlikely to infect others. […] General hygiene measures which reduce the risks of getting threadworms again are: Washing hands and scrubbing under the nails first thing in the morning, after using the toilet or changing nappies, and before eating or preparing food.

• #34 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #35 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Threadworms are tiny white worms that can live in your intestines. […] They are most common in children, and cause itching around the anal area. […] You can treat threadworm with a single dose of medicine available from the pharmacy. […] To prevent the spread of threadworm, treat the whole family at the same time and encourage good hand hygiene. […] Threadworms are easily treated with over-the-counter medicine from your pharmacist. […] Follow the instructions on the packet. It’s very important to treat your whole family at the same time, even if they don’t have symptoms. […] It’s best if you shower the night you take threadworm medicine and again the next morning. This removes any eggs laid during the night. […] When you start treatment, it’s best to change sheets, towels, clothes and underwear daily for several days. You should wash these things in hot water.

• #36 Threadworms

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/threadworms/

  A pharmacist can help with threadworms. […] You can buy medicine (mebendazole) to treat threadworms from pharmacies without a prescription. This is usually a chewable tablet or liquid that you swallow. […] Treat everyone in your household, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Medicine kills the threadworms, but it does not kill the eggs. Eggs can live for up to 2 weeks outside the body. This is why you must strictly follow the hygiene measures for the treatment to work. This is because you may swallow more eggs. […] wash hands with soap and scrub under fingernails – particularly before eating, after using the toilet or changing nappies […] bathe or shower every morning […] rinse toothbrushes before using them […] keep fingernails short […] wash sleepwear, sheets, towels and soft toys – 60 degrees celsius will kill threadworm eggs but make sure you read the label of the item you are washing first

• #37 Threadworms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/threadworms-pro

  Mebendazole is the drug of choice in adults and in children older than 2 years. It is given as a single oral dose, and is best repeated after two to three weeks in case re-infection has occurred. Mebendazole kills the worms. […] All the family should be treated together if possible as asymptomatic infection is common, and transmission may occur through handling of contaminated food, clothing and bed linen. […] Hygiene measures include: Wear tight underwear at night. Have a bath or shower each morning and wash around the anus. Change and wash underwear, nightwear and, if feasible, bed linen and towels each day for the week after treatment. Do not shake them as this spreads eggs. Do not share towels. […] Children with threadworm do not need to be kept off school or nursery but good hygiene within these establishments should be encouraged.

• #38 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Threadworms are tiny white worms that can live in your intestines. […] They are most common in children, and cause itching around the anal area. […] You can treat threadworm with a single dose of medicine available from the pharmacy. […] To prevent the spread of threadworm, treat the whole family at the same time and encourage good hand hygiene. […] Threadworms are easily treated with over-the-counter medicine from your pharmacist. […] Follow the instructions on the packet. It’s very important to treat your whole family at the same time, even if they don’t have symptoms. […] It’s best if you shower the night you take threadworm medicine and again the next morning. This removes any eggs laid during the night. […] When you start treatment, it’s best to change sheets, towels, clothes and underwear daily for several days. You should wash these things in hot water.

• #39 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #40 Threadworms

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/threadworms/

  A pharmacist can help with threadworms. […] You can buy medicine (mebendazole) to treat threadworms from pharmacies without a prescription. This is usually a chewable tablet or liquid that you swallow. […] Treat everyone in your household, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Medicine kills the threadworms, but it does not kill the eggs. Eggs can live for up to 2 weeks outside the body. This is why you must strictly follow the hygiene measures for the treatment to work. This is because you may swallow more eggs. […] wash hands with soap and scrub under fingernails – particularly before eating, after using the toilet or changing nappies […] bathe or shower every morning […] rinse toothbrushes before using them […] keep fingernails short […] wash sleepwear, sheets, towels and soft toys – 60 degrees celsius will kill threadworm eggs but make sure you read the label of the item you are washing first

• #41 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #42 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #43 Threadworms In Children | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/threadworms

  Repeat threadworm infections are common in tamariki. […] Encourage your child not to scratch their genital area. […] Keep your child’s fingernails trimmed and clean, and try to stop them from biting their nails or sucking their fingers. […] Remind your child to wash their hands thoroughly after using the toilet. […] Hotwash your child’s bedding, towels and pyjamas. […] If your child continues to have an itch around their bottom or genitals despite threadworm treatment, take them to the doctor. […] The doctor may want to test your child’s poo.

• #44 Threadworms

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/threadworms/

  disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces […] vacuum and dust with a damp cloth […] make sure children wear underwear at night – change the underwear in the morning […] do not shake clothing or bedding – this is to prevent eggs landing on other surfaces […] do not share towels or flannels […] do not bite nails or suck thumbs and fingers.

• #45 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #46 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Disinfect the toilet seat often with antiseptic cleaner. […] You can help prevent threadworm infections by washing your hands especially before preparing food or eating. […] You can also encourage your child not to bite their nails or suck their thumb. […] Treating threadworms does not stop them coming back.

• #47 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #48 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms infect the gut and lay eggs around the anus which causes itchiness. Treatment usually includes medication plus hygiene measures. […] All household members should be treated at the same time, including those without symptoms. […] The common treatments are: To take a threadworm medicine to kill the worms in the gut; and Hygiene measures to clear eggs which may be around the back passage (anus) or in the home. […] Note: for babies under the age of 6 months, only hygiene measures are possible, as no medicine is able to be given in this age group. […] Medication will kill the worms in the gut but not the eggs that have been laid around the anus. […] It is often not the home which is the main source of threadworm eggs. Children may come into contact with eggs in schools or nurseries, particularly in the toilets if they are not cleaned properly.

• #49 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Threadworms are tiny white worms that can live in your intestines. […] They are most common in children, and cause itching around the anal area. […] You can treat threadworm with a single dose of medicine available from the pharmacy. […] To prevent the spread of threadworm, treat the whole family at the same time and encourage good hand hygiene. […] Threadworms are easily treated with over-the-counter medicine from your pharmacist. […] Follow the instructions on the packet. It’s very important to treat your whole family at the same time, even if they don’t have symptoms. […] It’s best if you shower the night you take threadworm medicine and again the next morning. This removes any eggs laid during the night. […] When you start treatment, it’s best to change sheets, towels, clothes and underwear daily for several days. You should wash these things in hot water.

• #50 Threadworms, Information Prescription — Banagher Family Practice

  https://www.bfphealth.com/helpful-resources/2020/12/10/threadworms-information-prescription

  The risk of transmission between household members is high (around 75%), which means that everyone in the household is likely to be infected, even if they don’t have any symptoms. […] Mebendazole and piperazine are two medications that are commonly used to treat threadworm infections. […] Mebendazole is the preferred treatment for children over two years old. […] As threadworm re-infections are very common, a second dose of mebendazole may be prescribed to be taken after two weeks. […] Piperazine is not recommended if you have epilepsy (a condition that causes seizures) or problems with your liver or kidneys. […] Mebendazole and piperazine are 90%-100% effective at killing the threadworms, but they don’t kill the eggs. Therefore, the hygiene measures outlined above should be followed for two weeks after treatment. […] If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, medication is usually not recommended. To treat threadworms, use the hygiene method. […] Medication is not recommended for babies under three months old who have a threadworm infection. Instead, follow the hygiene method.

• #51 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #52 Threadworms

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/threadworms/

  disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces […] vacuum and dust with a damp cloth […] make sure children wear underwear at night – change the underwear in the morning […] do not shake clothing or bedding – this is to prevent eggs landing on other surfaces […] do not share towels or flannels […] do not bite nails or suck thumbs and fingers.

• #53 Threadworms

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/threadworms/

  disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces […] vacuum and dust with a damp cloth […] make sure children wear underwear at night – change the underwear in the morning […] do not shake clothing or bedding – this is to prevent eggs landing on other surfaces […] do not share towels or flannels […] do not bite nails or suck thumbs and fingers.

• #54 Threadworm infection : University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/threadworm-infection

  Other members of the household should also be treated. Mebendazole should be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy; treatment in pregnancy should be discussed with a medical practitioner. […] Personal hygiene: Keep finger nails short and clean underneath with a brush once a day/after defaecation. Avoid biting nails and scratching the perianal area. Wash/shower every morning to remove eggs from the perianal skin. Always wash hands well with soap and warm water after using the bathroom and before eating. Wear pants or tightfitting nightwear in bed and change daily, washing at 40C or above. Consider wearing cotton gloves at night to avoid scratching. Do not share towels. Do not co-bathe. […] Environmental: Hot wash (60) sheets initially and then at least weekly in the morning, do not shake before washing. Wearing a face mask and gloves strip the bed and vacuum the mattress and the whole bedroom once a week which again will reduce egg burden and thus minimise the chance of re-infection. Regularly change bath towels. Regular cleaning of surfaces. Fluffy toys in bed should be hot washed.

• #55 Threadworm infection : University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/threadworm-infection

  Other members of the household should also be treated. Mebendazole should be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy; treatment in pregnancy should be discussed with a medical practitioner. […] Personal hygiene: Keep finger nails short and clean underneath with a brush once a day/after defaecation. Avoid biting nails and scratching the perianal area. Wash/shower every morning to remove eggs from the perianal skin. Always wash hands well with soap and warm water after using the bathroom and before eating. Wear pants or tightfitting nightwear in bed and change daily, washing at 40C or above. Consider wearing cotton gloves at night to avoid scratching. Do not share towels. Do not co-bathe. […] Environmental: Hot wash (60) sheets initially and then at least weekly in the morning, do not shake before washing. Wearing a face mask and gloves strip the bed and vacuum the mattress and the whole bedroom once a week which again will reduce egg burden and thus minimise the chance of re-infection. Regularly change bath towels. Regular cleaning of surfaces. Fluffy toys in bed should be hot washed.

• #56 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Your child will need treatment if they have a pinworm infection. Luckily, pinworms dont usually cause serious medical problems and are easy to cure. […] Your child will need to take an oral (taken by mouth) anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms. Theyll take one dose immediately and another dose two weeks later to be sure all the worms are gone. […] Pediatricians recommend that an infected childs family members and caregivers also get treated at the same time to reduce the risk of reinfection. Preventing reinfection is one of the biggest challenges in getting rid of pinworms. […] To relieve the itching, you can: Wash their anal area with warm water and soap. Use a 1% hydrocortisone cream on the skin around their anus. […] The most effective way to prevent a pinworm infection (or reinfection) is by preventing the eggs from reaching your childs (or your) mouth. Model good hygiene and the following practices for your child: […] Medications cure pinworms 90% to 100% of the time. With proper treatment, pinworms go away and dont cause long-term health problems.

• #57 Threadworm Treatment | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/gastroenterology/an-action-plan-to-prevent-and-combat-threadworm-infection-21-10-2003/

  The nurse is probably the health professional best suited to minimise the embarrassment of discussing itchy bottoms and to ensure that the necessary hygienic practices are effectively communicated to a family. […] Good hygienic practices are listed in Box 3. Drug treatment must be combined with strict hygiene measures to prevent reinfection.

• #58 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #59 Threadworm Treatment | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/gastroenterology/an-action-plan-to-prevent-and-combat-threadworm-infection-21-10-2003/

  The nurse is probably the health professional best suited to minimise the embarrassment of discussing itchy bottoms and to ensure that the necessary hygienic practices are effectively communicated to a family. […] Good hygienic practices are listed in Box 3. Drug treatment must be combined with strict hygiene measures to prevent reinfection.

• #60 Pinworm (threadworm) infection

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/pinworm-threadworm-infection

  In the majority of children and adults, infection is asymptomatic. […] The migration of the female worm from the rectum and then the anus to lay eggs on the perianal skin during the night can lead to perianal pruritus or disturbed sleep or irritability. […] In children, the pinworm can cause vulvovaginitis during its migration from the anus. […] There are a number of drugs available for treatment, including pyrantel embonate, mebendazole and albendazole. […] Care should be taken to change the linen and underwear of the infected person daily for several days after treatment, taking care to avoid dispersing the eggs into the air. […] Preventive measures include effective handwashing, particularly before eating or preparing food. […] Keeping nails short […] Discouraging scratching of the bare anal area and nail biting […] Bathing or showering daily […] Changing to clean underwear, nightclothes and bedsheets frequently, preferably after bathing.

• #61 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #62 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #63 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #64 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #65 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #66 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #67 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #68 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #69 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #70 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #71 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Nursing care for a child with enterobiasis include the following: […] Assessment includes the following: […] Patients with enterobiasis are often asymptomatic. Worms may be incidentally discovered when they are seen in the perineal region; if patients are symptomatic, pruritus ani and pruritus vulvae are common presenting symptoms. […] The major goals for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Reduce discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminish pain to a tolerable level. […] Regain adequate nutrition. […] Reduce or eliminate increase in temperature. […] The nursing interventions for a child with Enterobiasis are: […] Drug therapy with pyrantel, mebendazole, or albendazole to destroy the causative parasites. Effective eradication requires treatment of the patients family or members of the household.

• #72 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #73 Enterobiasis Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/enterobiasis-nursing-management/

  Application of an antipruritic ointment or albendazole may help control scratching; keeping the patients fingernails trimmed to prevent excoriations is helpful. […] Avoid scratching the area and nail-biting because this is a cause of autoinfection; thorough handwashing should be done before and after meals. […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Reduced discomfort from perianal itching. […] Diminished pain to a tolerable level. […] Regained adequate nutrition. […] Diminished increase in temperature.

• #74 Threadworms | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/threadworms-19-08-2003/

  – Good hygiene measures should be encouraged in all family members. […] – All family members should be treated simultaneously. […] – It is not necessary to exclude children from school. […] – Where diagnosis is uncertain, a sticky-tape test may be useful.

• #75 Threadworms | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/threadworms-19-08-2003/

  – Good hygiene measures should be encouraged in all family members. […] – All family members should be treated simultaneously. […] – It is not necessary to exclude children from school. […] – Where diagnosis is uncertain, a sticky-tape test may be useful.

• #76 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Mebendazole is the usual treatment for people aged over 2 years. […] All household members, including adults and those without symptoms, should take a dose at the same time. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. Hygiene measures alone may work and the worms die after about six weeks. […] Yes. There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc. The hygiene measures described above will mean that children will not have any eggs on their fingers when they go out from the home each day and so are unlikely to infect others. […] General hygiene measures which reduce the risks of getting threadworms again are: Washing hands and scrubbing under the nails first thing in the morning, after using the toilet or changing nappies, and before eating or preparing food.

• #77 Threadworms | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/threadworms-19-08-2003/

  – Good hygiene measures should be encouraged in all family members. […] – All family members should be treated simultaneously. […] – It is not necessary to exclude children from school. […] – Where diagnosis is uncertain, a sticky-tape test may be useful.

• #78 Threadworms

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Threadworms

  Threadworm treatments are available over the counter from your local pharmacy. Speak to your pharmacist about treatment options. […] Treatment usually involves a single dose of syrup/pill for the infected person and each family member. […] Wash your hands frequently and scrub under your fingernails after going to the toilet and before eating food. Make sure your child does this too. […] Keep your child’s and your own fingernails short. […] Change bed linen, towels and underwear daily for several days after treatment. […] Bedlinen and clothing should be machine-washed in hot water to ensure that all the eggs are killed. […] Vacuum and dust the house, paying particular attention to the bedrooms on a regular basis. […] Clean the bathroom and kitchen surfaces regularly. […] Exclusion is not necessary if your child has threadworms and is being treated. However, you are encouraged to let your child’s teacher know so other children may be checked for infection and prevent threadworm being spread further.

• #79 Threadworms – Don’t Forget the Bubbles

  https://dontforgetthebubbles.com/threadworms/

  Complications are extremely unusual, especially in developed nations where access to health care and treatment is readily available. Persistent perianal itching or vulvovaginitis is the most common sequelae seen in UK practice. There are cases in the literature of recurrent urinary tract infections, appendicitis, and weight loss due to severe infestations, but these are rare.

• #80 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  In addition to medication, strict hygiene measures are crucial to prevent reinfection. […] Preventing threadworm infections involves maintaining good hygiene practices and taking proactive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. […] Regular and thorough handwashing is the most effective way to prevent threadworm infections. […] The intense itching caused by threadworms can lead to scratching, which in turn can cause skin breaks and secondary bacterial infections. […] In severe cases, threadworm infections can lead to weight loss and malnutrition, particularly in young children. […] Understanding the symptoms, transmission methods, and treatment options is crucial for managing and preventing threadworm infections. […] By maintaining good hygiene practices and seeking prompt medical treatment, individuals can effectively manage and prevent the spread of threadworms.

• #81 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Your child will need treatment if they have a pinworm infection. Luckily, pinworms dont usually cause serious medical problems and are easy to cure. […] Your child will need to take an oral (taken by mouth) anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms. Theyll take one dose immediately and another dose two weeks later to be sure all the worms are gone. […] Pediatricians recommend that an infected childs family members and caregivers also get treated at the same time to reduce the risk of reinfection. Preventing reinfection is one of the biggest challenges in getting rid of pinworms. […] To relieve the itching, you can: Wash their anal area with warm water and soap. Use a 1% hydrocortisone cream on the skin around their anus. […] The most effective way to prevent a pinworm infection (or reinfection) is by preventing the eggs from reaching your childs (or your) mouth. Model good hygiene and the following practices for your child: […] Medications cure pinworms 90% to 100% of the time. With proper treatment, pinworms go away and dont cause long-term health problems.

• #82 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Disinfect the toilet seat often with antiseptic cleaner. […] You can help prevent threadworm infections by washing your hands especially before preparing food or eating. […] You can also encourage your child not to bite their nails or suck their thumb. […] Treating threadworms does not stop them coming back.

• #83 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  The pinworm is a common intestinal parasite. People may also refer to pinworms as threadworms. They mostly occur in children and lead to itching around the anus. A threadworm infestation is known as enterobiasis. […] Effective treatment is available that can eliminate pinworms. […] Treatment is with medication, such as: mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, available without prescription, albendazole. […] If one member of a household has an infection, all members should receive treatment. […] Speak with a doctor if a child under 2 years needs treatment. The doctor can recommend the safest and most effective approach for the child’s age. […] Strict hygiene measures can remedy pinworm infection and significantly reduce the risk of reinfection. […] When the infestation has gone, good handwashing practices and hygiene will help prevent reinfection. Good hygiene can prevent another outbreak even if children pick up another pinworm infection from friends at school. […] To treat pinworms, a doctor may recommend two doses of medication, 2 weeks apart and following strict hygiene practices to avoid reinfection. […] Not everyone needs treatment for an infection, but two doses of medication 2 weeks apart can eliminate pinworms.

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