Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  The pinworm is a common intestinal parasite. People may also refer to pinworms as threadworms. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pinworms are the most common type of worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworms are parasites. They use the human body to survive and reproduce. Human pinworms cannot infect any other animals. […] If a person with a pinworm infection touches their underwear, bedsheets, or their anus, they can pick up eggs on their fingers. […] If they touch another surface, they can leave the eggs there. Anyone who touches that surface and then touches their mouth is at risk of infection. Eggs can live on a surface for 2 weeks. […] The female pinworm lays eggs around the anus and vagina. […] The female pinworm releases an itchy mucus when laying eggs, triggering an urge to scratch the affected area of the anus or vagina. […] A person can take in the eggs by touching a surface that another person who has an infection and has eggs on their fingers has touched.

• #1 What Are Pinworms? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pinworms/guide/

  Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are teeny, white, threadlike roundworms that infect the intestines of humans. […] Quite simply, one gets a pinworm infection after ingesting worm eggs. To become infected, an individual either directly (via their hands or fingernails) or indirectly (via contaminated clothing, toilet seats, bedding, toys, or food, for example) transfers pinworm eggs from the anus to their mouth. […] The eggs laid on the skin surrounding the anus can survive for up to three weeks, which allows plenty of time for the infected person to scratch the area, have the eggs become embedded under the fingernails, and inadvertently reinfect themselves, thus continuing the parasites lifecycle. […] More than one billion people worldwide are thought to be infected with pinworms.

• #1 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. […] Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque. […] Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis. […] The entire life cycle, from egg to adult, takes place in the human gastrointestinal tract of a single host, from about 24 weeks or about 48 weeks. Enterobius vermicularis molts four times; the first two within the egg before hatching and two before becoming an adult worm. […] Although infection often occurs via ingestion of embryonated eggs by inadequate hand washing or nail biting, inhalation followed by swallowing of airborne eggs may occur rarely.

• #1

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/pinworms

  Pinworms (also called threadworms) are an intestinal infection caused by tiny parasitic worms called Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworms get into the body when people ingest or breathe in the microscopic pinworm eggs. […] The eggs pass into the digestive system and hatch in the small intestine. From the small intestine, pinworm larvae go to the large intestine, where they live as parasites (with their heads attached to the inside wall of the bowel). […] About one to two months later, adult female pinworms leave the large intestine through the anus (the opening where bowel movements come out). They lay eggs on the skin right around the anus, which triggers itching in that area, usually at night. […] When someone scratches the itchy area, microscopic pinworm eggs transfer to their fingers. Contaminated fingers can then carry pinworm eggs to the mouth, where they go back into the body, or stay on various surfaces, where eggs can survive for two to three weeks.

• #1 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/itchy-bottom-pruritus-ani/threadworms

  Threadworms infect the gut and lay eggs around the anus which causes itchiness. […] Medication kills the worms but not their eggs, which can survive for two weeks. […] Threadworms live for about 5-6 weeks in the gut and then die. […] Before they die, the female worms lay tiny eggs around the back passage (anus). […] The eggs are too small to see without a microscope but they cause itching around the anus due to the mucus surrounding the eggs being irritating to the skin. […] Threadworm eggs can survive for up to two weeks outside the body. […] It is often not the home which is the main source of threadworm eggs. […] If one member of a household is infected, it is common for others also to be infected. […] Many pregnant women may prefer not to take medication in the first trimester of pregnancy. […] However there is no evidence of harm to the baby from mebendazole taken in pregnancy. […] There is no need to keep a child with threadworms off school, nursery, etc.

• #1 Pinworms (Threadworms): Symptoms, How You Get Them & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms

  Pinworms, also known as threadworms, are tiny, white or light gray worms that cause the common infection called enterobiasis. […] Pinworms are called Enterobius vermicularis. A pinworm infection is called enterobiasis. […] Pinworm infection occurs when your child swallows pinworm eggs. They become the host for the pinworm life cycle. […] Each female worm can produce 10,000 or more eggs. Your child may have anywhere from a few worms to hundreds of them. […] Yes. Pinworm eggs can survive from two to three weeks on contaminated surfaces. […] Theyre highly contagious. Transmission is easy because the eggs can survive for a long time on surfaces or your fingers if you dont wash your hands. […] While serious complications are rare, pinworms can lead to bacterial infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and gastrointestinal and abdominal problems.

• #1 Pinworm infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_infection

  Pinworm infection (threadworm infection in the UK), also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. […] The cause of a pinworm infection is the worm Enterobius vermicularis. The entire lifecycle from egg to adult takes place in the human gastrointestinal tract of a single human host. […] Pinworm infection spreads through human-to-human transmission, by swallowing infectious pinworm eggs. […] The eggs are hardy and can remain infectious in a moist environment for up to three weeks, though in a warm dry environment they usually last only 12 days. […] Despite the limited, 13-week lifespan of individual pinworms, autoinfection (infection from the original host to itself), either through the anus-to-mouth route or through retroinfection, causes the pinworms to inhabit the same host indefinitely.

• #1 Pinworm infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382

  Accidentally swallowing or breathing in pinworm eggs causes a pinworm infection. […] The tiny (microscopic) eggs can be carried to your mouth by contaminated food, drink or your fingers. […] Once swallowed, the eggs hatch in the intestines and mature into adult worms within a few weeks.

• #1 Enterobius Vermicularis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536974/

  Infection most commonly occurs in children, but any individual is susceptible to E. vermicularis infection. People from tropical climates and school-aged children are the most vulnerable. Infection is caused by the ingestion of the pinworm eggs. Transmission is most commonly through the fecal-oral route.[3] […] Risk factors for pinworms include poor hygiene, eating after touching contaminated items and living with an individual who is identified as egg positive.

• #1 Threadworms (pinworms) – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/threadworms-pinworms

  Threadworms are parasites that live in your intestines. […] At night, the worms come out of your anus to lay their eggs. This makes the anus itchy. If you scratch the skin around your anus, the eggs get on your fingers and under your nails. These eggs can then be transferred to your mouth. […] Once swallowed, the eggs travel to your intestines where they grow into worms. Their life cycle then repeats. […] Threadworm eggs can also be spread by getting in: food, dust, other objects such as toys. […] Humans cannot catch threadworms from animals.

• #1 Pinworms, threadworms, enterobiasis, oxyuriasis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/pinworms

  Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are also called threadworms or seatworms, and the condition they cause is called enterobiasis or, the older term, oxyuriasis. […] What causes pinworm infestation? […] The main way that pinworms spread is through swallowing the eggs. […] Pinworm infestation can spread during sexual intercourse.

• #1 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  Threadworm is a type of roundworm that is commonly found in preschool and school-aged children, however the whole family can become infected. […] Threadworm is spread when children scratch their bottom, causing the eggs to collect under the fingernails. The child then carries the worm eggs back to their mouth with their hands. […] You cannot catch threadworm from animals.

• #1 About Pinworm Infection | Pinworm Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/pinworm/about/index.html

  Pinworm infection is caused by small, thin, white parasitic roundworms. […] Pinworm infection is preventable and treatable. […] Pinworm infection occurs worldwide. […] Pinworms can infect anyone, in any setting, and are the most common worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworm infections often occur in more than one person in a household. […] While an infected person sleeps, female pinworms leave the intestine through the anus and deposit their eggs on the surrounding skin. […] The eggs can easily infect another person, especially caretakers or close contacts of infected children or adults. […] Repeated infections are common. […] There are medications, both over the counter and prescription, that can treat pinworm infection.

• #1 How to Recognize and Treat Pinworms in Children | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/how-to-recognize-and-treat-pinworms-in-children

  Pinworms are sometimes called threadworms because they look like tiny pieces of white thread (usually no bigger than a staple). […] A pinworm is a common name for a tiny, white roundworm infection known as Enterobiasis vermicularis. […] It is the most common helminthic, or parasitic worm, infection that only affects humans, said Scott Olson, MD, a pediatric infectious disease specialist with Banner Children’s. […] Pinworm infections are the most common type of intestinal infection in the United States and are most common in children ages 5 to 10. […] While anyone can get an infection, children who dont wash their hands well before eating or after using the bathroom, bite their nails, or who suck their thumb are at an increased risk for infection. […] The best way to prevent an infection is to encourage good handwashing, Dr. Olson said. […] Pinworms are a common intestinal infection that is highly contagious.

• #1 Worms: How To Tell If You Have Tapeworms or Pinworms

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/tapeworms-vs-pinworms

  Pinworms are also called threadworms. Theyre the most common type of intestinal worm infection in the U.S. and one of the most common in the world. […] In the U.S., about half of kids between the ages of 5 and 10 will have a pinworm infection at some point. […] Tapeworm infections in the U.S. are rare. Experts estimate there are about 1,000 new infections each year, but reliable numbers are hard to come by. It’s more common in places where cattle and humans live closely together and people don’t have access to good sanitation, such as areas near feedlots. […] You can be infected if you eat or drink something that contains tapeworm eggs or larvae, such as raw or undercooked beef, pork, or fish. […] Once inside your body, the tapeworm head attaches to the wall of your intestines. It uses the food you eat to grow new segments.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Threadworm-Causes.aspx

  Threadworm is a very common infection that occurs when tiny, thread-like worms infest the human intestine. […] The only hosts that these worms have are humans. […] Threadworm is treated with drugs that kill the worms them and by washing any linen or underwear that may be contaminated with eggs laid by the female. […] Adult threadworms reside in the gut but move down towards the anus at night to lay their eggs around the anus or vagina of an infected person. […] The reason threadworm mainly affects children is that they are often less aware of the importance of hygiene and fail to wash their hands or keep their hands away from their mouths. […] Some of the risk factors for threadworm infection are described below. […] Young age Children are at the greatest risk of infection because the microscopic eggs are so easily spread through hand to mouth contact and toy sharing. […] Crowded living spaces People living in crowded living quarters such as institutions are at a higher risk of becoming infected. […] Temperate climate Although threadworm infection occurs across the world, it is more common in countries that are not tropical in climate.

• #1 Pinworms in Kids: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention | Kids Peds

  https://www.kidspeds.com/pinworms-in-kids-causes-symptoms-treatment-prevention/

  Pinworm infection is caused by tiny parasites that can cause unsettling disruptions in the sleep, appetite, and daily routines of your child. […] Understanding the cause of pinworms is the first step in preventing them. The eggs of pinworm infection are microscopic and can easily spread from hand to mouth. […] Pinworms are tiny, but are experts at spreading. The eggs can survive on surfaces like bedding, clothing, furniture, and toilet seats for up to two weeks. An individual acquires an infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] Any kid can acquire the infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. […] There is no particular scientifically backed reason why at night, but that is the cycle of when the worms deposit their eggs. […] Its important for schools to implement strict hygiene protocols and pinworm prevention tips as children are more susceptible to pinworms because of their close interactions and developing hygiene habits. Key risk factors include: […] Pinworms may be small, but they can cause severe, noticeable discomfort, mostly at night.

• #1 Threadworms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/threadworms-pro

  Threadworms are a very common nematode which infect the large intestine. These infections occurs throughout the world. […] Infection or re-infection can occur by directly swallowing, or by inhaling and then swallowing, the eggs. […] Following ingestion of the eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and establish themselves in the colon, reaching maturity in approximately two weeks. Adult worms live for up to six weeks. […] This is the most common helminthic infection in the UK. […] Studies in asymptomatic children suggest that between 18 and 34% of children have threadworms. […] Re-infection is common. […] Prevention relies on good hygiene, especially washing of hands before eating or preparing food.

• #1 WORMS

  https://mulliganspharmacy.com/childhood-conditions/worm-infections

  Infestation by threadworms is common in young children. […] Children easily pick up threadworms from each other through contact with skin or objects contaminated with the eggs of worms. […] Poor hygiene, particularly not washing hands after using the toilet, is a major factor in the spread of infection. […] Threadworms are not dangerous and usually a simple course of treatment and good hygiene measures resolve the problem.

• #1 Pinworms | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pinworms

  The most common type of human worm infection in Australia is pinworm. Other names for this parasite include threadworm and Enterobius vermicularis, or the common term worms. […] Infection can happen to anyone, regardless of a childs home hygiene. […] Infections begin when pinworm eggs are eaten, usually directly through contaminated hands or indirectly through contaminated food, bedding, clothing or other articles. […] The eggs can survive on surfaces or objects (such as furniture, kitchen surfaces and toothbrushes) for up to 2 weeks in the right conditions and can infect other people if transferred to the mouth or food. […] Household pets cannot be infected with pinworms or pass them on to humans.

• #1 Worms in humans – symptoms and treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/worms-in-humans

  Threadworms, the most common worm infection in Australia, can cause an itchy bottom or redness and scratch marks around the anus (back passage). […] People usually catch threadworms by ingesting their eggs. […] The most common worm infection in Australia is threadworms. […] Threadworms are usually acquired by ingesting (eating) the eggs. […] Humans are the only host of threadworms. […] The adult worms live in the lower intestine, coming out of the anus at night to lay their eggs. […] The eggs can survive for around 2 weeks like this on surfaces. […] Threadworms can be diagnosed by a sticky tape test available from your doctor. […] The treatment for threadworms is worming tablets, which are available from the pharmacy. […] Good hand hygiene and keeping fingernails short is the best way to reduce your chance of catching threadworms.

• #1 What Causes Worms? – Vermox

  https://vermox.com.au/what-causes-worms/

  We are talking about threadworm (pinworm) infection. […] At a basic level, you catch threadworms when you get worm eggs on your hands and then put your contaminated hands or fingers in your mouth. […] The basic process is the same though – contaminated hands or food will transfer eggs to an adult’s mouth and eggs will pass into the intestines to start the same infection cycle described above. […] One of the reasons that worms can spread between people so easily is that with the right conditions, worm eggs can survive outside the human body for a few days and in some cases even more than 2 weeks! […] Worms are highly contagious and spread easily in places where there are groups of people, especially when these people come into contact with each other frequently. […] Another factor that puts school-aged children at high risk of catching worms is that they often share food, toys, and other items that are easily contaminated with worm eggs. […] Threadworm eggs can survive for a few days outside the human body – and even over 2 weeks under the right conditions!

• #1 Threadworms | Livi

  https://www.livi.co.uk/medical-advice/infections/threadworms/

  Threadworms spread when their eggs are ingested. Threadworm eggs can survive for up to 2 weeks outside the body and stick to objects like clothing, sheets, furniture, towels, dust or pet fur. Touching something with eggs on it and then touching your mouth can lead to an infection. […] The life cycle of a threadworm from egg to adult lasts over a month. The eggs can survive outside the body for several weeks. Once the eggs are ingested, it takes 3-4 weeks until the adult threadworms hatch in the gut. The threadworms will lay new eggs around the anus before they die. Children with threadworms can reinfect themselves if they touch their bottom and then put their fingers in their mouth.

• #1 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://hightownpharmacy.co.uk/health-and-advice/what-are-threadworms

  Threadworms are spread through the ingestion of their eggs. This often happens when: […] If someone touches a surface with threadworm eggs and then touches their mouth without washing their hands, they can swallow the eggs, leading to infection. […] The female threadworm lays eggs around the anus, causing itching. When a person scratches the area, the eggs can transfer to their fingers and be spread to others or re-infect themselves if they touch their mouth. […] Once ingested, the eggs travel to the intestines where they hatch and mature. Adult female worms lay more eggs around the anus, continuing the cycle.

• #1 Worms in kids & teens | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/worms

  Worms are a type of parasite. Theyre common, especially in children aged 4-11 years. […] This article is about threadworms, which are the most common type of worms. Threadworms are also known as pinworms. […] Children can get threadworms when they accidentally get worm eggs on their hands and swallow them. […] Once swallowed, the eggs get into childrens small intestines, where they hatch and lay more eggs around the anus. […] If children touch things around the house without washing their hands, the eggs might spread to other people in the house too. […] Threadworms in kids are easy to treat and usually arent serious. […] If your child is diagnosed with threadworms, you should treat everyone in the household with antiparasitic tablets too. This stops the spread of worms among family members. […] Worms spread easily, and its common for infections to come back.

• #1 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  Pinworm infections occur in all socioeconomic groups; however, human-to-human spread is favored by close, crowded living conditions. Spread among family members is common. […] Since pinworm infection is highly contagious, it is not unusual for adults who are potentially exposed to those with an infection (for example, parents and caregivers) to themselves become infected. […] The very simple life cycle of E. vermicularis ensures a high human prevalence. Tiny eggs deposited around the anus by a female worm spread the infection. Each female worm can produce more than 10,000 eggs during her lifespan. […] Because the pinworm infection is so highly contagious, it is not unusual for infections to recur.

• #1 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Preventing threadworm infections involves maintaining good hygiene practices and taking proactive measures to reduce the risk of transmission. […] Threadworms are spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or ingestion of eggs, often transferred by hands that have touched infected areas. […] Treatment includes antiparasitic medications such as mebendazole, along with strict hygiene practices to prevent reinfection.

• #1 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/diseases/threadworms/

  Threadworms, or Enterobius vermicularis, are tiny parasitic worms that infect humans’ intestines. They are one of the most common types of intestinal worm infections worldwide. […] Understanding how threadworms are transmitted is essential for preventing infection. The primary mode of transmission is through the ingestion of threadworm eggs, which can be found on contaminated surfaces such as bedding, clothing, and bathroom fixtures. […] Once threadworm eggs are ingested, they hatch in the small intestine, and the larvae migrate to the large intestine, where they mature into adult worms. […] Treating a threadworm infection involves both medication and hygiene measures to prevent reinfection. […] It is essential to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent reinfection.

• #1 Threadworms : Symptoms, Causes & Treatments – Medimap

  https://medimap.ca/symptom/threadworms

  Threadworms are caused by ingesting the eggs of the parasites, which can be found in contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Once the eggs are ingested, they hatch in the intestines and mature into adult worms, which then migrate to the anal area to lay eggs. The eggs can survive for up to two weeks on surfaces, making it easy for them to be transferred from person to person. […] Factors that increase the risk of contracting threadworms include living in close quarters with others, such as in schools or daycare centers, poor hygiene practices, and consumption of contaminated food or water. Children are particularly susceptible to threadworms due to their tendency to put hands or objects in their mouths and their close contact with peers.

• #1 Why do my kids keep getting worms? And is that what is making them so cranky?

  https://theconversation.com/why-do-my-kids-keep-getting-worms-and-is-that-what-is-making-them-so-cranky-187255

  Pinworms are an ancient species and have been found in fossilised 230-million-year-old proto mammalian poo. […] Our pinworms are thought to have evolved with us. […] Pinworm infection is present in between 5% and up to 50% of primary school children, though easy access to good treatments and school education programs have reduced levels over the last 20 to 30 years. […] The problem isnt usually the adult worms, which live in the caecum (a pouch where the small and large intestines meet) for up to two months. […] The biggest issue is caused by eggs that are stuck onto the perianal skin with an irritating glue. […] The worms life cycle actually depends on the child or adult scratching their bum. […] Pinworm eggs are literally a pain. […] If your primary school age child is behaving this way and has an itchy bum, pinworm may be the culprit. […] Although we have better control of pinworms in the 21st century, they are still with us and we are very unlikely to be able to eradicate such a well-adapted and intimately entwined parasite.

• #1 Intestinal Worms: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Recovery, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-worms

  Intestinal worms can be acquired in various ways. One way to contract intestinal worms is by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal, such as a cow, pig, or fish. […] Other possible causes leading to intestinal worm infection include: consumption of contaminated water, consumption of contaminated soil, contact with feces containing the parasite, difficulties with sanitation, difficulties with hygiene. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 24% of the world’s population contracts soil-transmitted worms. Infections are most common in tropical and subtropical regions. […] People living in and visiting developing countries are at the highest risk due to drinking water from sources containing the parasite and decreased sanitation levels.

• #1 Intestinal Parasites & Worms: Symptoms, Types, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/intestinal-parasites

  Touching your fingers to your mouth. Some parasite eggs can survive on surfaces for a long time. If you touch the surface and then touch your mouth, you can get infected. […] Walking on contaminated soil barefoot. The larvae of some intestinal worms can enter through your skin if you walk barefoot on the soil they’re living in. […] Your risk of getting (and spreading) a parasite depends on where you live and common practices. […] You’re more likely to get an infection in places with: Warm and humid climates, especially tropical and subtropical areas, including sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean (Strongyloides is more common in rural areas in the Southeastern U.S. and Appalachia). […] Limited access to clean water. […] Inadequate public sanitation. […] Many people living close together.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw50481

  Most people get infected by accidentally swallowing pinworm eggs. […] Pinworms spread easily in homes, daycare centres, schools, and other places where groups of people spend time together. […] It’s possible to get pinworms by inhaling airborne eggs, but this is rare. […] Pinworms are spread from person to person. Pets don’t get pinworms and can’t spread them to humans.

• #1 What Are Pinworms? – Treatment & Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/pinworm-infection/

  Pinworm infection is an intestinal infection caused by small, white worms. Anyone can get it, but it’s most common in young children. It’s easily treated. […] Pinworms are contagious and easily spread, usually from child to child. Pinworm eggs can be picked up on children’s fingers when they’re playing. When children who are infected scratch their itchy bottoms, the tiny eggs can get under their fingernails. Eggs can stay on your child’s skin for several hours. They can survive for up to 3 weeks on clothes, bedding, and toys. If the eggs are on your child’s hands or toys and they put their fingers or toys in their mouth, the tiny eggs can enter their bodies. […] Although pinworm infection is more common in school-aged children, anyone can get it. As children who are infected move around the house, the eggs may be spread, and other family members can become infected. Sometimes adults breathe in the eggs when the bed covers are shaken. However, this isn’t very common. […] Pets don’t spread pinworms, although they may carry their own kinds of worms.

• #1 Rat threadworms // College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://cvm.missouri.edu/diseases-of-research-animals-dora/rats/rat-threadworms/

  Etiology: Trichosomoides crassicauda is the bladder threadworm which infects rats. […] Transmission occurs by ingestion of ova. Transmission often occurs from parent to weanling offspring.

• #1 Threadworm Infection (Strongyloidosis) | Iowa State University

  https://vdl.iastate.edu/vdpam/about/focus-areas/swine/swine-disease-manual/index-diseases/threadworm-infection

  Only asexual females of Strongyloides ransomi are important in parasitism of swine. […] Free-living generations can produce progeny that are free living (heterogonic cycle) or progeny that are parasitic (homogonic cycle). […] Free-living generations can alternate with parasitic generations.

• #2 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  Enterobius vermicularis causes the medical condition pinworm infection also known as enterobiasis, whose primary symptom is itching in the anal area. […] The pinworm has a worldwide distribution, and is the cause of the most common helminthiasis (parasitic worm infection) in the United States, western Europe, and Oceania.

• #2 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_infection/article.htm

  Pinworm infection is an infestation of the large intestine and anal area by a small, white parasite that resembles a „worm.” The medical name for the parasite is Enterobius vermicularis, but it is commonly termed a pinworm in both the lay and medical literature. These parasites are also termed seatworms or threadworms, and the infections are medically termed enterobiasis, oxyuriasis, or helminthiasis. […] Pinworm infection is spread from person to person mostly in crowded places or in places where people live in institutions. […] Pinworm infection affects approximately 40 million people in the U.S. and 1 billion people worldwide. […] Pinworm infection is acquired when these eggs are accidentally swallowed, usually due to inadequate handwashing by the parents and children. […] Pinworms can infect the vagina (occurs in about 20% of infected girls).

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/pinworms

  Pinworms (also called threadworms) are an intestinal infection caused by tiny parasitic worms called Enterobius vermicularis. […] Pinworms get into the body when people ingest or breathe in the microscopic pinworm eggs. […] The eggs pass into the digestive system and hatch in the small intestine. From the small intestine, pinworm larvae go to the large intestine, where they live as parasites (with their heads attached to the inside wall of the bowel). […] About one to two months later, adult female pinworms leave the large intestine through the anus (the opening where bowel movements come out). They lay eggs on the skin right around the anus, which triggers itching in that area, usually at night. […] When someone scratches the itchy area, microscopic pinworm eggs transfer to their fingers. Contaminated fingers can then carry pinworm eggs to the mouth, where they go back into the body, or stay on various surfaces, where eggs can survive for two to three weeks.

• #2 How to Treat Pinworm Infection: Symptoms, Home Remedies & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pinworms/article_em.htm

  Pinworm infections occur in all socioeconomic groups; however, human-to-human spread is favored by close, crowded living conditions. Spread among family members is common. […] Since pinworm infection is highly contagious, it is not unusual for adults who are potentially exposed to those with an infection (for example, parents and caregivers) to themselves become infected. […] The very simple life cycle of E. vermicularis ensures a high human prevalence. Tiny eggs deposited around the anus by a female worm spread the infection. Each female worm can produce more than 10,000 eggs during her lifespan. […] Because the pinworm infection is so highly contagious, it is not unusual for infections to recur.

• #2 Pinworms (threadworms): Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175134

  The pinworm is a common intestinal parasite. People may also refer to pinworms as threadworms. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pinworms are the most common type of worm infection in the United States. […] Pinworms are parasites. They use the human body to survive and reproduce. Human pinworms cannot infect any other animals. […] If a person with a pinworm infection touches their underwear, bedsheets, or their anus, they can pick up eggs on their fingers. […] If they touch another surface, they can leave the eggs there. Anyone who touches that surface and then touches their mouth is at risk of infection. Eggs can live on a surface for 2 weeks. […] The female pinworm lays eggs around the anus and vagina. […] The female pinworm releases an itchy mucus when laying eggs, triggering an urge to scratch the affected area of the anus or vagina. […] A person can take in the eggs by touching a surface that another person who has an infection and has eggs on their fingers has touched.

• #2 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. […] Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque. […] Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis. […] The entire life cycle, from egg to adult, takes place in the human gastrointestinal tract of a single host, from about 24 weeks or about 48 weeks. Enterobius vermicularis molts four times; the first two within the egg before hatching and two before becoming an adult worm. […] Although infection often occurs via ingestion of embryonated eggs by inadequate hand washing or nail biting, inhalation followed by swallowing of airborne eggs may occur rarely.

• #2 What Are Pinworms or Threadworms? – Vermox

  https://vermox.com.au/what-are-threadworms/

  Human pinworm or threadworm infections result from a cycle of infection and contamination that starts with worm eggs being swallowed. […] Pinworms or threadworms are highly contagious, with children commonly picking up these worm infections from other kids at school or daycare. […] We’ve already talked about what causes pinworms or threadworms, and how easily the cycle of infection and contamination can continue. […] Unfortunately yes, it’s common to be reinfected by pinworms or threadworms when worm eggs are transferred to the mouth from contaminated hands, food, or other objects. […] Most treatments for pinworms or threadworms kill the worms but not the eggs, so it’s important to ensure good hygiene practices when you start treatment to help prevent the spread of the worm eggs and break the cycle of infection and contamination. […] Adults are less likely to get pinworms or threadworms than children, but these worm infections are highly contagious and can spread easily among an entire family when one member of the household has a case of worms.

• #2 What Causes Worms? – Vermox

  https://vermox.com.au/what-causes-worms/

  We are talking about threadworm (pinworm) infection. […] At a basic level, you catch threadworms when you get worm eggs on your hands and then put your contaminated hands or fingers in your mouth. […] The basic process is the same though – contaminated hands or food will transfer eggs to an adult’s mouth and eggs will pass into the intestines to start the same infection cycle described above. […] One of the reasons that worms can spread between people so easily is that with the right conditions, worm eggs can survive outside the human body for a few days and in some cases even more than 2 weeks! […] Worms are highly contagious and spread easily in places where there are groups of people, especially when these people come into contact with each other frequently. […] Another factor that puts school-aged children at high risk of catching worms is that they often share food, toys, and other items that are easily contaminated with worm eggs. […] Threadworm eggs can survive for a few days outside the human body – and even over 2 weeks under the right conditions!

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw50481

  Most people get infected by accidentally swallowing pinworm eggs. […] Pinworms spread easily in homes, daycare centres, schools, and other places where groups of people spend time together. […] It’s possible to get pinworms by inhaling airborne eggs, but this is rare. […] Pinworms are spread from person to person. Pets don’t get pinworms and can’t spread them to humans.

• #2 Pinworms: Infection, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pinworms

  Pinworm infection is caused by accidentally swallowing pinworm eggs, which are transparent and too small to see with the naked eye. […] An individual acquires an infection by ingesting or inhaling pinworm eggs. These microscopic eggs are usually deposited onto a surface by a person with the infection. […] The eggs remain in the intestine until they hatch and mature. […] Adult female pinworms move into the colon and exit the body through the anus at night. They lay eggs in the folds of skin around the anus and then return to the colon. These eggs often cause itching and irritation. […] Scratching an affected area and then eating can lead to unintentionally ingesting pinworm eggs. This can lead to a repeat pinworm infection. […] Sometimes eggs on the anus hatch, and the larvae can reenter the large intestine. If not treated, this can cause the infection to continue indefinitely.

• #2 Worms

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/worms/

  Threadworm is a type of roundworm that is commonly found in preschool and school-aged children, however the whole family can become infected. […] Threadworm is spread when children scratch their bottom, causing the eggs to collect under the fingernails. The child then carries the worm eggs back to their mouth with their hands. […] You cannot catch threadworm from animals.

• #2 Pinworm (Enterobiasis): Practice Essentials, Etiology, Transmission

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225652-overview

  Pinworm infection, also called enterobiasis, is caused by Enterobius vermicularis, a white slender nematode with a pointed tail. In humans, they reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Female pinworms are 8-13 mm long, and males are 2-5 mm long. [1, 2] […] Pinworms reside in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon. Unlike other parasites, they do not lay eggs within the intestines. Instead, female worms accumulate around 10,000 eggs in their uterus. […] Eggs can be transmitted via contaminated surfaces or hands, and once ingested, the larvae hatch in the small intestine, migrate to the cecum, and mature. The entire cycle, from infection to egg release, takes about 3-4 weeks. […] E vermicularis is the most common helminthic infestation in the United States. General prevalence in children is reported to be 0.2-20%. Pinworm infection is most common in persons who live in crowded living conditions and in individuals who are institutionalized. […] Risk factors for pinworms include living with a person who is egg-positive, eating before washing hands, and poor personal or group hygiene. [1]

• #2 Intestinal Parasites & Worms: Symptoms, Types, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/intestinal-parasites

  Touching your fingers to your mouth. Some parasite eggs can survive on surfaces for a long time. If you touch the surface and then touch your mouth, you can get infected. […] Walking on contaminated soil barefoot. The larvae of some intestinal worms can enter through your skin if you walk barefoot on the soil they’re living in. […] Your risk of getting (and spreading) a parasite depends on where you live and common practices. […] You’re more likely to get an infection in places with: Warm and humid climates, especially tropical and subtropical areas, including sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean (Strongyloides is more common in rural areas in the Southeastern U.S. and Appalachia). […] Limited access to clean water. […] Inadequate public sanitation. […] Many people living close together.

• #2 Chemist Direct | Threadworm Treatment, Symptoms and Causes

  https://www.chemistdirect.co.uk/threadworms1

  Threadworm usually results from poor personal hygiene. […] The condition is more common in children because they often forget to wash their hands after using the loo. Transmission between family members is then high.

• #2 Pinworms | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pinworms

  The most common type of human worm infection in Australia is pinworm. Other names for this parasite include threadworm and Enterobius vermicularis, or the common term worms. […] Infection can happen to anyone, regardless of a childs home hygiene. […] Infections begin when pinworm eggs are eaten, usually directly through contaminated hands or indirectly through contaminated food, bedding, clothing or other articles. […] The eggs can survive on surfaces or objects (such as furniture, kitchen surfaces and toothbrushes) for up to 2 weeks in the right conditions and can infect other people if transferred to the mouth or food. […] Household pets cannot be infected with pinworms or pass them on to humans.

• #2 What Are Pinworms? – Treatment & Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/pinworm-infection/

  Pinworm infection is an intestinal infection caused by small, white worms. Anyone can get it, but it’s most common in young children. It’s easily treated. […] Pinworms are contagious and easily spread, usually from child to child. Pinworm eggs can be picked up on children’s fingers when they’re playing. When children who are infected scratch their itchy bottoms, the tiny eggs can get under their fingernails. Eggs can stay on your child’s skin for several hours. They can survive for up to 3 weeks on clothes, bedding, and toys. If the eggs are on your child’s hands or toys and they put their fingers or toys in their mouth, the tiny eggs can enter their bodies. […] Although pinworm infection is more common in school-aged children, anyone can get it. As children who are infected move around the house, the eggs may be spread, and other family members can become infected. Sometimes adults breathe in the eggs when the bed covers are shaken. However, this isn’t very common. […] Pets don’t spread pinworms, although they may carry their own kinds of worms.

• #2 Worms in kids & teens | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/worms

  Worms are a type of parasite. Theyre common, especially in children aged 4-11 years. […] This article is about threadworms, which are the most common type of worms. Threadworms are also known as pinworms. […] Children can get threadworms when they accidentally get worm eggs on their hands and swallow them. […] Once swallowed, the eggs get into childrens small intestines, where they hatch and lay more eggs around the anus. […] If children touch things around the house without washing their hands, the eggs might spread to other people in the house too. […] Threadworms in kids are easy to treat and usually arent serious. […] If your child is diagnosed with threadworms, you should treat everyone in the household with antiparasitic tablets too. This stops the spread of worms among family members. […] Worms spread easily, and its common for infections to come back.

• #2 Intestinal Worms: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Recovery, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-worms

  Intestinal worms can be acquired in various ways. One way to contract intestinal worms is by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal, such as a cow, pig, or fish. […] Other possible causes leading to intestinal worm infection include: consumption of contaminated water, consumption of contaminated soil, contact with feces containing the parasite, difficulties with sanitation, difficulties with hygiene. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 24% of the world’s population contracts soil-transmitted worms. Infections are most common in tropical and subtropical regions. […] People living in and visiting developing countries are at the highest risk due to drinking water from sources containing the parasite and decreased sanitation levels.

• #2 Threadworm Infection (Strongyloidosis) | Iowa State University

  https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/about/focus-areas/swine/swine-disease-manual/index-diseases/threadworm-infection

  Only asexual females of Strongyloides ransomi are important in parasitism of swine. Free-living generations can produce progeny that are free living (heterogonic cycle) or progeny that are parasitic (homogonic cycle). Free-living generations can alternate with parasitic generations. […] Parasitic larvae invade the host either by penetration of the skin (percutaneous), ingestion in feed (oral), ingestion in colostrum (transcolostral), or through direct invasion of developing fetuses (transplacental/perinatal). In all cases, the asexual female reaches the mucosa of the small intestine where many ova are produced and passed in feces of the host. […] Three mechanisms tend to assure survival of the parasite. These include the ability of S. ransomi to survive for some time in a non-parasitic form, four possible routes of transmission, and the ability to achieve patency in piglets in only a few days.

• #2 Threadworms in Cats – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost

  https://wagwalking.com/cat/condition/threadworms

  Older cats and young kittens have a higher chance for developing this disease due to their weakened or underdeveloped immune systems. […] The primary cause of threadworms in cats is infection by the parasite Strongyloides felis or Strongyloides tumefaciens. Strongyloides felis worms reproduce in the small intestine. The larvae are passed through the feces, where they develop into free-living adults that reproduce once again. […] Infection can occur via ingestion or penetration of the skin. This parasite often occurs in unsanitary conditions, and spreads rapidly when cats are living in close quarters, such as unclean kennels. […] Threadworms are more commonly found in India and Australia, but may occur in humid areas of the United States such as Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia.

• #2 Threadworms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/threadworms-pro

  Threadworms are a very common nematode which infect the large intestine. These infections occurs throughout the world. […] Infection or re-infection can occur by directly swallowing, or by inhaling and then swallowing, the eggs. […] Following ingestion of the eggs, the larvae hatch in the small intestine and establish themselves in the colon, reaching maturity in approximately two weeks. Adult worms live for up to six weeks. […] This is the most common helminthic infection in the UK. […] Studies in asymptomatic children suggest that between 18 and 34% of children have threadworms. […] Re-infection is common. […] Prevention relies on good hygiene, especially washing of hands before eating or preparing food.

• #2 Threadworms: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://hightownpharmacy.co.uk/health-and-advice/what-are-threadworms

  Threadworms are spread through the ingestion of their eggs. This often happens when: […] If someone touches a surface with threadworm eggs and then touches their mouth without washing their hands, they can swallow the eggs, leading to infection. […] The female threadworm lays eggs around the anus, causing itching. When a person scratches the area, the eggs can transfer to their fingers and be spread to others or re-infect themselves if they touch their mouth. […] Once ingested, the eggs travel to the intestines where they hatch and mature. Adult female worms lay more eggs around the anus, continuing the cycle.

• #2 Pinworm Infection: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/pinworm_infection/article.htm

  Untreated pinworms may cause or have a role in causing: Diarrhea, Significant malabsorption of food, Weight loss, Genital itching, Bedwetting (enuresis), Pain during urination (dysuria), Vaginal discharge can be associated with genital skin irritation and rash. […] Most of the time, pinworm infections do not cause any serious issues. Complications arise if the pinworm infection is severe.

• #3 Pinworm (parasite) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinworm_(parasite)

  The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. […] Other than human, Enterobius vermicularis were reported from bonnet macaque. […] Enterobius vermicularis is common in human children and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Humans are the only natural host of Enterobius vermicularis. […] The entire life cycle, from egg to adult, takes place in the human gastrointestinal tract of a single host, from about 24 weeks or about 48 weeks. Enterobius vermicularis molts four times; the first two within the egg before hatching and two before becoming an adult worm. […] Although infection often occurs via ingestion of embryonated eggs by inadequate hand washing or nail biting, inhalation followed by swallowing of airborne eggs may occur rarely.

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