Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/respiratory-syncytial-virus-(rsv)

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute lower respiratory infections in children globally, as well as causing substantial burden of severe respiratory disease among elderly persons. […] Each year RSV causes over 3.6 million hospitalizations and about 100 000 deaths in children under 5 years of age. Most paediatric RSV deaths (97%) occur in low- and middle-income countries where there is limited access to supportive medical care. […] Each year, RSV causes an estimated 3.6 million RSV-associated hospitalizations and approximatively 100 000 RSV-attributable deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide. […] Most paediatric RSV deaths (97%) occur in low- and middle-income countries where there is limited access to supportive medical care. […] The global estimates of adult RSV disease are not known; in the United States of America, it has been estimated that RSV results in up to 160 000 hospitalizations and 10 000 deaths among adults over 65 years of age.

• #2 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  Each year in the United States, RSV leads to approximately: 2.1 million outpatient (non-hospitalization) visits among children younger than 5 years old. […] 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years old. […] 100,000-150,000 hospitalizations among adults 60 years and older. […] CDC collects RSV laboratory test results performed in the United States using the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). […] In most regions of the United States and other areas with similar climates, the RSV season typically starts during the fall and peaks in the winter. […] RSV season onset (indicated by a sustained increase in the percent positivity of RSV tests above a threshold) ranged from mid-September to mid-November. […] RSV season peak (indicated by the maximum in percent positivity of RSV tests) ranged from late December to mid-February.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/respiratory-syncytial-virus-(rsv)

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute lower respiratory infections in children globally, as well as causing substantial burden of severe respiratory disease among elderly persons. […] Each year RSV causes over 3.6 million hospitalizations and about 100 000 deaths in children under 5 years of age. Most paediatric RSV deaths (97%) occur in low- and middle-income countries where there is limited access to supportive medical care. […] Each year, RSV causes an estimated 3.6 million RSV-associated hospitalizations and approximatively 100 000 RSV-attributable deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide. […] Most paediatric RSV deaths (97%) occur in low- and middle-income countries where there is limited access to supportive medical care. […] The global estimates of adult RSV disease are not known; in the United States of America, it has been estimated that RSV results in up to 160 000 hospitalizations and 10 000 deaths among adults over 65 years of age.

• #4 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  RSV season offset (indicated by a sustained decrease in the percent positivity of RSV tests below a threshold) ranged from mid-April to mid-May. […] Florida has an earlier RSV season onset and longer duration than most regions of the country. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms in most people, but it is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the U.S.

• #5 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/

  RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than one year of age in the United States. Almost all children will have an RSV infection by their second birthday. […] Individuals infected with RSV are usually contagious for three to eight days and may become contagious a day or two before they start showing signs of illness. However, some infants, and people with weakened immune systems, can continue to spread the virus even after they stop showing symptoms, for as long as four weeks. […] Immunizations are available to protect against severe RSV disease in specific groups of people. […] In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new RSV vaccines. They are Arexvy (manufactured by GSK), and Abrysvo (Pfizer). In 2024, FDA approved a third RSV vaccine mRESVIA (Moderna). Less information is available about mRESVIA at this time.

• #6 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  Each year in the United States, RSV leads to approximately: 2.1 million outpatient (non-hospitalization) visits among children younger than 5 years old. […] 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years old. […] 100,000-150,000 hospitalizations among adults 60 years and older. […] CDC collects RSV laboratory test results performed in the United States using the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). […] In most regions of the United States and other areas with similar climates, the RSV season typically starts during the fall and peaks in the winter. […] RSV season onset (indicated by a sustained increase in the percent positivity of RSV tests above a threshold) ranged from mid-September to mid-November. […] RSV season peak (indicated by the maximum in percent positivity of RSV tests) ranged from late December to mid-February.

• #7 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  Each year in the United States, RSV leads to approximately: 2.1 million outpatient (non-hospitalization) visits among children younger than 5 years old. […] 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years old. […] 100,000-150,000 hospitalizations among adults 60 years and older. […] CDC collects RSV laboratory test results performed in the United States using the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). […] In most regions of the United States and other areas with similar climates, the RSV season typically starts during the fall and peaks in the winter. […] RSV season onset (indicated by a sustained increase in the percent positivity of RSV tests above a threshold) ranged from mid-September to mid-November. […] RSV season peak (indicated by the maximum in percent positivity of RSV tests) ranged from late December to mid-February.

• #8 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  RSV season offset (indicated by a sustained decrease in the percent positivity of RSV tests below a threshold) ranged from mid-April to mid-May. […] Florida has an earlier RSV season onset and longer duration than most regions of the country. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms in most people, but it is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the U.S.

• #9 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  RSV season offset (indicated by a sustained decrease in the percent positivity of RSV tests below a threshold) ranged from mid-April to mid-May. […] Florida has an earlier RSV season onset and longer duration than most regions of the country. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms in most people, but it is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the U.S.

• #10 Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-infants-and-children

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute respiratory tract illness in persons of all ages. The epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of RSV infection in infants and children will be presented here. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY […] Seasonality – RSV typically causes seasonal outbreaks throughout the world. In the northern hemisphere, these usually occur from October or November to April or May, with a peak in January or February. In the southern hemisphere, wintertime epidemics occur from May to September, with a peak in May, June, or July. In tropical and semitropical climates, the seasonal outbreaks usually are associated with the rainy season. The epidemic peaks are not as sharp as in temperate climates, and in some settings RSV can be isolated in as many as eight months of the year.

• #11 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  During the period with weeks ending July 8, 2017-February 25, 2023, five distinct RSV epidemics occurred: three before the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20) and two during the pandemic (2021-22 and 2022-23). […] Nationally, RSV epidemics during the 3 surveillance years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2020) began in October, peaked in December, and lasted a median of 27 weeks before the offset during March-April. In contrast, the 2021-22 epidemic began 21 weeks earlier (May), peaked in July, and lasted 33 weeks until January 2022, although the peak percentage of RSV-positive PCR results (15%) was comparable with that during prepandemic seasons. […] During the 2022-23 surveillance year, onset occurred in June, the proportion of positive PCR results peaked in November, and the peak was higher (19%) than that during prepandemic seasons (range = 13%-16%). The epidemic lasted 32 weeks until the offset occurred in January.

• #12

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/respiratory-syncytial-virus-(rsv)

  Most countries demonstrate RSV seasonality, with most annual RSV infections occurring over a several month period. […] In temperate climates, RSV causes seasonal epidemics, tending to occur in late fall and winter, with an average duration of elevated viral circulation of five months. […] In 2015, the WHO Global Influenza Programme launched the global RSV surveillance project using the existing WHO influenza platform Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). This project aims to enhance recognition of RSV among infants and young children, focusing on severe disease requiring hospitalization, expanding virologic monitoring to differentiate virus types, and generating a better understanding of the seasonality, age groups at risk and disease burden among young children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries in all WHO regions.

• #13 Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-infants-and-children

  Disruption of the typical seasonal pattern of RSV may result in off-season outbreaks. For example, during the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the infection control measures that were used (social distancing, masks) substantially decreased the circulation of RSV and other respiratory viruses during the fall and winter months of 2020 through the summer of 2021. However, during the subsequent two RSV seasons (2021 and 2022), there were intense spikes in RSV infections and other respiratory viruses that occurred earlier in the season than is usual such that two severe RSV outbreaks occurred over three years, 16 to 18 months apart. The 2023 to 2024 RSV seasonal outbreak in the United States returned to the timing that was typical prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the timing of future seasonal patterns is not yet known. […] Morbidity and mortality in children – RSV causes acute respiratory tract illness in persons of all ages. Almost all children are infected by two years of age, and reinfection is common.

• #14 The Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: New Trends and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11281674/

  During the COVID-19 pandemic, drastic interventions were adopted on a global scale, and these included social distancing, stay-at-home orders, wearing face masks, and the promotion of hand washing. Such non-pharmaceutical interventions limited the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, together with other viruses transmitted through aerosol, droplets, and direct contact, such as RSV. In 2020, many countries saw an absence of RSV circulation during the traditional epidemiological season. […] After the initial reduction in RSV circulation, many authors recorded an out-of-season surge of RSV as the distancing measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic loosened. […] Epidemiological surveillance suggested that this new trend in the epidemic wave was not only present in children. During the second part of 2021, an inter-seasonal rise in RSV cases was observed even in younger adults, while an upsurge in older adults was observed later on.

• #15 The Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: New Trends and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11281674/

  During the COVID-19 pandemic, drastic interventions were adopted on a global scale, and these included social distancing, stay-at-home orders, wearing face masks, and the promotion of hand washing. Such non-pharmaceutical interventions limited the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, together with other viruses transmitted through aerosol, droplets, and direct contact, such as RSV. In 2020, many countries saw an absence of RSV circulation during the traditional epidemiological season. […] After the initial reduction in RSV circulation, many authors recorded an out-of-season surge of RSV as the distancing measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic loosened. […] Epidemiological surveillance suggested that this new trend in the epidemic wave was not only present in children. During the second part of 2021, an inter-seasonal rise in RSV cases was observed even in younger adults, while an upsurge in older adults was observed later on.

• #16 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  During the period with weeks ending July 8, 2017-February 25, 2023, five distinct RSV epidemics occurred: three before the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20) and two during the pandemic (2021-22 and 2022-23). […] Nationally, RSV epidemics during the 3 surveillance years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2020) began in October, peaked in December, and lasted a median of 27 weeks before the offset during March-April. In contrast, the 2021-22 epidemic began 21 weeks earlier (May), peaked in July, and lasted 33 weeks until January 2022, although the peak percentage of RSV-positive PCR results (15%) was comparable with that during prepandemic seasons. […] During the 2022-23 surveillance year, onset occurred in June, the proportion of positive PCR results peaked in November, and the peak was higher (19%) than that during prepandemic seasons (range = 13%-16%). The epidemic lasted 32 weeks until the offset occurred in January.

• #17 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  During the period with weeks ending July 8, 2017-February 25, 2023, five distinct RSV epidemics occurred: three before the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-20) and two during the pandemic (2021-22 and 2022-23). […] Nationally, RSV epidemics during the 3 surveillance years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2020) began in October, peaked in December, and lasted a median of 27 weeks before the offset during March-April. In contrast, the 2021-22 epidemic began 21 weeks earlier (May), peaked in July, and lasted 33 weeks until January 2022, although the peak percentage of RSV-positive PCR results (15%) was comparable with that during prepandemic seasons. […] During the 2022-23 surveillance year, onset occurred in June, the proportion of positive PCR results peaked in November, and the peak was higher (19%) than that during prepandemic seasons (range = 13%-16%). The epidemic lasted 32 weeks until the offset occurred in January.

• #18 Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-infants-and-children

  Disruption of the typical seasonal pattern of RSV may result in off-season outbreaks. For example, during the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the infection control measures that were used (social distancing, masks) substantially decreased the circulation of RSV and other respiratory viruses during the fall and winter months of 2020 through the summer of 2021. However, during the subsequent two RSV seasons (2021 and 2022), there were intense spikes in RSV infections and other respiratory viruses that occurred earlier in the season than is usual such that two severe RSV outbreaks occurred over three years, 16 to 18 months apart. The 2023 to 2024 RSV seasonal outbreak in the United States returned to the timing that was typical prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the timing of future seasonal patterns is not yet known. […] Morbidity and mortality in children – RSV causes acute respiratory tract illness in persons of all ages. Almost all children are infected by two years of age, and reinfection is common.

• #19 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  In both the prepandemic and pandemic periods, RSV epidemics began earliest in Florida and the Southeast and later in regions further north and west. […] During the 2021-22 (pandemic) surveillance year, epidemic onsets across the 10 HHS regions and Florida occurred a median of 20 weeks earlier (range = 13-25 weeks) than the median onsets during the prepandemic period. […] During the 2022-23 season, early epidemic onsets (April-June) were observed in Florida and HHS Regions 3, 4, and 6, but the percentage of RSV-positive PCR test results levelled off before increasing again in September. […] The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, reporting to NREVSS is voluntary, and analysis is limited to laboratories that consistently report, which might not represent local and state circulation.

• #20 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) FAQs | NCIRS

  https://ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs-and-other-resources/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-frequently-asked

  RSV immunisation products are not currently funded for other recommended population groups. […] A single dose of Abrysvo vaccine is recommended and NIP-funded for pregnant women of all ages from 28 weeks gestation to protect the infant via passive immunisation. […] Another monoclonal antibody, Synagis (palivizumab), is approved for use in children at risk of severe RSV disease and has been available in Australia for many years. […] A single dose of RSV vaccine (Arexvy or Abrysvo) is recommended for people aged 75 years and over, First Nations people aged 60 years and over, and adults aged 60 years and over with conditions that increase their risk of severe RSV disease. […] In Australia, RSV hospitalisations are more common in winter however, they can occur year-round. Seasonal peaks are less noticeable in tropical regions such as the Northern Territory and North Queensland.

• #21 Epidemiology and Seasonality of Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in the Tropics

  https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/696

  Infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Understanding seasonal patterns of region-specific RSV activity is important to guide resource allocation for existing and future treatment and prevention strategies. […] Decades of excellent surveillance data are available that describe the annual patterns of infant and childhood RSV infection in the developed countries of the world including most of Europe and North America, Australia and the developed nations and special administrative regions of Asia (i.e., Israel, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau). Such surveillance data are incredibly instructive in advancing public health initiatives in those countries. […] However, existing and emerging data collected across tropical regions of the world do indicate that patterns of infection are often quite different from those so well described in temperate areas.

• #22 Epidemiology and Seasonality of Childhood Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in the Tropics

  https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/696

  Although the collection and reporting of RSV surveillance data from some tropical areas of the world has improved substantially in recent years, far less is known about the seasonality of RSV disease in tropical countries compared to those with temperate climates. Here, we provide a brief summary regarding what is known about general patterns of RSV disease activity across tropical Asia, Africa and South America, then offer additional country-specific details using examples where multiple reports and/or more robust surveillance data have become available. […] The reported incidence of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection differs widely by country, with extremes ranging from 0.46 (Malawi) to 112 (The Gambia) per 1000 population. […] Across all of sub-Saharan Africa, RSV has been estimated to account for 13.4% of all cause deaths among children less than 5 years of age.

• #23 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  CDC maintains multiple systems to monitor respiratory diseases, including RSV, across the United States. […] RSV season typically begins in the fall, peaks in the winter, and ends in the spring in most of the United States. […] CDC has several systems that focus on monitoring and describing seasonal trends, clinical risk factors, rates of illness and hospitalization, and demographics of patients seeking care for illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) is a laboratory-based system that monitors seasons and circulation patterns of RSV and other viruses. […] The RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) is a population-based surveillance system for RSV-associated hospitalizations in the U.S. among children and adults.

• #24 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  CDC maintains multiple systems to monitor respiratory diseases, including RSV, across the United States. […] RSV season typically begins in the fall, peaks in the winter, and ends in the spring in most of the United States. […] CDC has several systems that focus on monitoring and describing seasonal trends, clinical risk factors, rates of illness and hospitalization, and demographics of patients seeking care for illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) is a laboratory-based system that monitors seasons and circulation patterns of RSV and other viruses. […] The RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) is a population-based surveillance system for RSV-associated hospitalizations in the U.S. among children and adults.

• #25 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  Each year in the United States, RSV leads to approximately: 2.1 million outpatient (non-hospitalization) visits among children younger than 5 years old. […] 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years old. […] 100,000-150,000 hospitalizations among adults 60 years and older. […] CDC collects RSV laboratory test results performed in the United States using the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). […] In most regions of the United States and other areas with similar climates, the RSV season typically starts during the fall and peaks in the winter. […] RSV season onset (indicated by a sustained increase in the percent positivity of RSV tests above a threshold) ranged from mid-September to mid-November. […] RSV season peak (indicated by the maximum in percent positivity of RSV tests) ranged from late December to mid-February.

• #26 RSV | Trends and Surveillance | Respiratory Syncytial Virus | CDC

  http://med.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/rsv/research/us-surveillance.html

  Each year, on average, in the United States, RSV leads to 2.1 million outpatient visits among children younger than 5 years old. […] In the United States and other areas with similar climates, RSV infections occur primarily during fall, winter, and spring. […] CDC analyzes data on RSV activity at the national, regional, and state levels, collected by a surveillance system called the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). […] For 2013 to 2014, the RSV season onset ranged from late October to late January, and season offset ranged from late January to early April in all 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions, except Florida. […] CDC collects information on cases and outbreaks of RSV infection in the United States using the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS). This is a voluntary, laboratory-based surveillance system that was established in 1989 to monitor trends in several viruses, including RSV. […] Data from NREVSS provides information to public health officials and healthcare providers about the presence of RSV in their communities.

• #27 Surveillance of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/index.html

  CDC maintains multiple systems to monitor respiratory diseases, including RSV, across the United States. […] RSV season typically begins in the fall, peaks in the winter, and ends in the spring in most of the United States. […] CDC has several systems that focus on monitoring and describing seasonal trends, clinical risk factors, rates of illness and hospitalization, and demographics of patients seeking care for illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) is a laboratory-based system that monitors seasons and circulation patterns of RSV and other viruses. […] The RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) is a population-based surveillance system for RSV-associated hospitalizations in the U.S. among children and adults.

• #28 RSV-NET | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/rsv-net.html

  The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) monitors laboratory-confirmed, RSV-associated hospitalizations among children and adults. […] RSV-associated hospitalization rates are used to understand trends in virus circulation, estimate disease burden, and respond to outbreaks. […] Demographic and detailed clinical information, including underlying conditions, allows CDC to better understand RSV-associated hospitalization trends and determine who is most at risk. […] RSV-NET currently comprises 161 counties and county equivalents in 13 states participating in the Respiratory Virus Surveillance Network. […] RSV-NET surveillance began tracking RSV-associated hospitalizations in adults in the 20162017 season and in children in the 20182019 season.

• #29 RSV-NET | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/rsv-net.html

  The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) monitors laboratory-confirmed, RSV-associated hospitalizations among children and adults. […] RSV-associated hospitalization rates are used to understand trends in virus circulation, estimate disease burden, and respond to outbreaks. […] Demographic and detailed clinical information, including underlying conditions, allows CDC to better understand RSV-associated hospitalization trends and determine who is most at risk. […] RSV-NET currently comprises 161 counties and county equivalents in 13 states participating in the Respiratory Virus Surveillance Network. […] RSV-NET surveillance began tracking RSV-associated hospitalizations in adults in the 20162017 season and in children in the 20182019 season.

• #30 RSV-NET | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/rsv-net.html

  Hospitalization rates are calculated as the number of residents in a surveillance area who are hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RSV divided by the total population estimate for that area. […] Clinical data collected to describe clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with RSV include: Medical history (e.g., underlying health conditions), Clinical course (i.e., progression of the RSV illness, such as a diagnosis of pneumonia), Medical interventions (i.e., medical care for the RSV illness such as need for mechanical ventilation), Outcomes (i.e., discharged from the hospital or death), RSV immunization history.

• #31 RSV-NET | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/php/surveillance/rsv-net.html

  Hospitalization rates are calculated as the number of residents in a surveillance area who are hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RSV divided by the total population estimate for that area. […] Clinical data collected to describe clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with RSV include: Medical history (e.g., underlying health conditions), Clinical course (i.e., progression of the RSV illness, such as a diagnosis of pneumonia), Medical interventions (i.e., medical care for the RSV illness such as need for mechanical ventilation), Outcomes (i.e., discharged from the hospital or death), RSV immunization history.

• #32 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  In both the prepandemic and pandemic periods, RSV epidemics began earliest in Florida and the Southeast and later in regions further north and west. […] During the 2021-22 (pandemic) surveillance year, epidemic onsets across the 10 HHS regions and Florida occurred a median of 20 weeks earlier (range = 13-25 weeks) than the median onsets during the prepandemic period. […] During the 2022-23 season, early epidemic onsets (April-June) were observed in Florida and HHS Regions 3, 4, and 6, but the percentage of RSV-positive PCR test results levelled off before increasing again in September. […] The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, reporting to NREVSS is voluntary, and analysis is limited to laboratories that consistently report, which might not represent local and state circulation.

• #33 :: IC :: Infection & Chemotherapy

  https://icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3947/ic.2024.0011

  The in-hospital mortality rate can be estimated to be around 7 – 10%, rising up to 40% among intensive care unit-admitted patients. […] To elucidate RSVs disease burden, further continuing research, including population-based studies, is necessary. […] In Korea, a nationwide, active surveillance system dedicated to RSV is not in place. […] However, the utility of this system is hindered by the lack of clinical data such as hospitalization rates and patient outcomes. […] A meta-analysis, which included 20 Korean studies published from 2000 to 2017, revealed that RSV was identified in 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.8 – 22.7%) of respiratory specimens collected from patients of any age with acute respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection, or influenza-like illness. […] The seasonal pattern of RSV infection in adults paralleled that observed in children, with a peak in cases during the autumn and winter months.

• #34

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/respiratory-syncytial-virus-(rsv)

  Most countries demonstrate RSV seasonality, with most annual RSV infections occurring over a several month period. […] In temperate climates, RSV causes seasonal epidemics, tending to occur in late fall and winter, with an average duration of elevated viral circulation of five months. […] In 2015, the WHO Global Influenza Programme launched the global RSV surveillance project using the existing WHO influenza platform Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). This project aims to enhance recognition of RSV among infants and young children, focusing on severe disease requiring hospitalization, expanding virologic monitoring to differentiate virus types, and generating a better understanding of the seasonality, age groups at risk and disease burden among young children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries in all WHO regions.

• #35 Meeting reports

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/global-respiratory-syncytial-virus-surveillance

  The WHO has implemented the RSV surveillance strategy based on GISRS since 2015. […] A standardized and robust global Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance system is important to better understand the seasonality of RSV infections. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in whom this virus.

• #36 WHO Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance System | GHDx

  https://ghdx.healthdata.org/series/who-global-respiratory-syncytial-virus-surveillance-system

  The WHO Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Surveillance System is built on top of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), leveraging this larger influenza system to collect data specifically on RSV infection in infants and young children. […] Epi surveillance: Sentinel registration. […] GHDx: WHO Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance System Dataset Records.

• #37 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/

  RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than one year of age in the United States. Almost all children will have an RSV infection by their second birthday. […] Individuals infected with RSV are usually contagious for three to eight days and may become contagious a day or two before they start showing signs of illness. However, some infants, and people with weakened immune systems, can continue to spread the virus even after they stop showing symptoms, for as long as four weeks. […] Immunizations are available to protect against severe RSV disease in specific groups of people. […] In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new RSV vaccines. They are Arexvy (manufactured by GSK), and Abrysvo (Pfizer). In 2024, FDA approved a third RSV vaccine mRESVIA (Moderna). Less information is available about mRESVIA at this time.

• #38 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States – Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/10/24-0609_article

  In a population-based birth cohort study of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the United States, 897/1,680 (53.4%) children were infected during infancy; 25 (2.8%) of those were hospitalized. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of illness in infants. […] However, population-based surveillance studies to determine prevalence of and risk factors for RSV infection among healthy infants in the United States are lacking. […] We determined prevalence of RSV infection by 1 year of age in a population-based birth cohort of healthy term infants in the United States. […] We calculated 1-year prevalence of RSV infections, upper respiratory tract infections, LRTI, and healthcare utilization. […] Among 1,680 infants who met inclusion criteria for our study, 897 (53.4%) were infected with RSV in the first year of life and 783 (46.6%) were not.

• #39 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States – Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/10/24-0609_article

  The rates of symptomatic disease, LRTI, and healthcare utilization demonstrate the considerable burden of respiratory illness in otherwise healthy infants; 1.5% of the cohort, or 2.8% of those infected, experienced RSV-associated hospitalizations. […] Risk factors for RSV infection during infancy in order of contribution were infant birth month, presence of siblings, daycare attendance, increasing percentage below the poverty level in the residential neighborhood, and public insurance. […] The risk factors we identified increase viral exposure and underscore the potential for nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent infection. […] In conclusion, our data are important estimates of the burden of RSV disease and risk factors for infection in healthy term infants.

• #40 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States – Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/10/24-0609_article

  The rates of symptomatic disease, LRTI, and healthcare utilization demonstrate the considerable burden of respiratory illness in otherwise healthy infants; 1.5% of the cohort, or 2.8% of those infected, experienced RSV-associated hospitalizations. […] Risk factors for RSV infection during infancy in order of contribution were infant birth month, presence of siblings, daycare attendance, increasing percentage below the poverty level in the residential neighborhood, and public insurance. […] The risk factors we identified increase viral exposure and underscore the potential for nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent infection. […] In conclusion, our data are important estimates of the burden of RSV disease and risk factors for infection in healthy term infants.

• #41 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/

  RSV, is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially in infants and older adults who are more likely to develop severe RSV and need hospitalization. […] Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can cause respiratory illness in people of all ages, but mainly in children. RSV can cause upper respiratory infections such as the common cold, or more serious lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia. Babies, young children, adults aged 60 and older, and those with weakened immune systems are at a greater risk of serious infections. […] RSV outbreaks generally occur during the winter months from November to April. […] Vaccination can prevent illness caused by RSV and is approved for the following groups: […] The RSV vaccine may be administered September through January for most of the United States and may be given at the same time as other vaccines. For more information, discuss RSV vaccination with your healthcare provider.

• #42 :: IC :: Infection & Chemotherapy

  https://icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3947/ic.2024.0011

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a significant cause of respiratory illness and mortality among older adults, a demographic that is expanding with considerable impact on healthcare systems worldwide. […] The actual burden of RSV in this population may still be underestimated, owing to factors such as low awareness and suboptimal diagnostic sensitivity in adults, the lack of robust RSV surveillance systems, and the infrequent use of diagnostic testing. […] The recent approval of two vaccines highlights the critical need for the precise estimation of the RSV disease burden to optimize the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of immunization programs. […] Overall, current estimates indicate that the annual RSV attack rate in the general adult population ranges from 1 – 7%, increasing to approximately 4 – 10% among elderly and high-risk groups.

• #43 :: IC :: Infection & Chemotherapy

  https://icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3947/ic.2024.0011

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a significant cause of respiratory illness and mortality among older adults, a demographic that is expanding with considerable impact on healthcare systems worldwide. […] The actual burden of RSV in this population may still be underestimated, owing to factors such as low awareness and suboptimal diagnostic sensitivity in adults, the lack of robust RSV surveillance systems, and the infrequent use of diagnostic testing. […] The recent approval of two vaccines highlights the critical need for the precise estimation of the RSV disease burden to optimize the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of immunization programs. […] Overall, current estimates indicate that the annual RSV attack rate in the general adult population ranges from 1 – 7%, increasing to approximately 4 – 10% among elderly and high-risk groups.

• #44 :: IC :: Infection & Chemotherapy

  https://icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3947/ic.2024.0011

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a significant cause of respiratory illness and mortality among older adults, a demographic that is expanding with considerable impact on healthcare systems worldwide. […] The actual burden of RSV in this population may still be underestimated, owing to factors such as low awareness and suboptimal diagnostic sensitivity in adults, the lack of robust RSV surveillance systems, and the infrequent use of diagnostic testing. […] The recent approval of two vaccines highlights the critical need for the precise estimation of the RSV disease burden to optimize the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of immunization programs. […] Overall, current estimates indicate that the annual RSV attack rate in the general adult population ranges from 1 – 7%, increasing to approximately 4 – 10% among elderly and high-risk groups.

• #45 :: IC :: Infection & Chemotherapy

  https://icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3947/ic.2024.0011

  The in-hospital mortality rate can be estimated to be around 7 – 10%, rising up to 40% among intensive care unit-admitted patients. […] To elucidate RSVs disease burden, further continuing research, including population-based studies, is necessary. […] In Korea, a nationwide, active surveillance system dedicated to RSV is not in place. […] However, the utility of this system is hindered by the lack of clinical data such as hospitalization rates and patient outcomes. […] A meta-analysis, which included 20 Korean studies published from 2000 to 2017, revealed that RSV was identified in 18.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.8 – 22.7%) of respiratory specimens collected from patients of any age with acute respiratory infection, lower respiratory infection, or influenza-like illness. […] The seasonal pattern of RSV infection in adults paralleled that observed in children, with a peak in cases during the autumn and winter months.

• #46 Clinical Overview of RSV | RSV | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory illness among persons of all age groups. RSV is one of the most common causes of childhood illness and is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants. […] Epidemiologic evidence indicates that all adults ages 75 or older and adults ages 6074 with certain risk factors are at increased risk of severe RSV. […] Health care providers caring for adults aged 6074 years residing in these communities may use clinical judgement, knowledge of local RSV epidemiology, and community incidence of RSV-associated hospitalization to recommend vaccination for a broader population in this age group.

• #47 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rsv/

  The actual burden among all age groups is likely even higher due to underreporting of RSV infections. […] Those at highest risk for severe disease from an RSV infection include premature infants and infants age 6 months and younger, adults with chronic heart or lung disease or certain other underlying medical conditions, including diabetes or obesity, adults with weakened immune systems, and older adults, especially those who are frail or live in a nursing home. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated recommendations for RSV vaccines in adults. […] CDC recommends protecting all infants against severe RSV either through a maternal RSV vaccine given to the pregnant mother or an RSV antibody given to the baby. […] Researchers are currently working to develop additional tools to help prevent RSV among specific populations including those who are immunocompromised.

• #48 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) FAQs | NCIRS

  https://ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs-and-other-resources/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-frequently-asked

  While there are currently limited data on the RSV disease burden in adults in Australia, between 2016 and 2019 the hospitalisation rate in adults aged 65 years and older was estimated at 123 per 100,000 population. […] The reported rate of RSV hospitalisations in older adults has been increasing with the growing awareness of RSV disease and more frequent laboratory testing in this age cohort. […] The risk of severe RSV disease is higher among older adults (with the risk increasing with age), adults with medical risk conditions, and First Nations adults. […] For non-First Nations adults, the risk is greater from age 75, while for First Nations adults and adults with risk conditions the risk is greater from age 60. […] Two types of RSV monoclonal antibody products are available for administration to infants; one RSV vaccine is available for administration to pregnant women to protect the newborn infant.

• #49 Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Senegal: findings from the 2022 sentinel surveillance season | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47015-w

  In 2022, many regions around the world experienced a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic with an earlier-than-usual start and increased numbers of paediatric patients in emergency departments. […] Here we carried out this study to describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of RSV infection in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infections in 2022. […] RSV was detected in 16.04%, among which RSV-A was confirmed in 7.5% and RSV-B in 76.7%. […] RSV infection were more identified in infants aged 11 months (83.3%) and a shift in the circulation pattern was observed, with highest incidences between September-November. […] Globally, our findings reveal an exclusive co-circulation of two genetic lineages of RSV within the pediatric population in Senegal, especially in infants aged 11 months.

• #50 Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Senegal: findings from the 2022 sentinel surveillance season | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47015-w

  Our study found no mixed infection of RSV-A/RSV-B, despite the reporting of 3.4% of RSV-A/B coinfection in ILI patients in a previous study in Senegal. […] Phylogenetic analysis of all available complete genomes of RSV strains infecting patients hospitalized with SARI in Dakar, revealed an exclusive co-circulation of two genetic lineages, GA2.3.5 for RSV-A and GB5.0.5a for RSV-B within the population; however, GB5.0.5a strains dominated over GA2.3.5 during the entire study period. […] These genotypes driving the 2022 RSV outbreak in Senegal had been circulating within the Senegalese population in pre-pandemic years, suggesting that there are no specific changes in RSV since the COVID-19 pandemic began that would account for increased viral spread.

• #51 Molecular epidemiological surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Myanmar from 2019 to 2023 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97103-2

  To evaluate genetic changes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between 2019 and 2023, we analyzed RSV strains from Myanmar before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. […] There was an absence of a notable epidemic in 2020, a temporal shift with a surge of RSV-A in the 2021 outbreak, a lack of expected cases in 2022 and a substantial resurgence of RSV-B in 2023. […] RSV-A showed that the same lineage persisted within Myanmar throughout the pandemic, leading to a large outbreak post-COVID. […] In contrast, RSV-B strains appear to have temporarily disappeared during the pandemic, but subsequently, globally circulating strains likely entered Myanmar, resulting in a major outbreak in 2023. […] The estimated evolutionary rate at the G-ectodomain for RSV-A was 7.76 10 and RSV-B was 5.67 10 substitutions/site/year.

• #52 Molecular epidemiological surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Myanmar from 2019 to 2023 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97103-2

  To evaluate genetic changes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between 2019 and 2023, we analyzed RSV strains from Myanmar before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. […] There was an absence of a notable epidemic in 2020, a temporal shift with a surge of RSV-A in the 2021 outbreak, a lack of expected cases in 2022 and a substantial resurgence of RSV-B in 2023. […] RSV-A showed that the same lineage persisted within Myanmar throughout the pandemic, leading to a large outbreak post-COVID. […] In contrast, RSV-B strains appear to have temporarily disappeared during the pandemic, but subsequently, globally circulating strains likely entered Myanmar, resulting in a major outbreak in 2023. […] The estimated evolutionary rate at the G-ectodomain for RSV-A was 7.76 10 and RSV-B was 5.67 10 substitutions/site/year.

• #53 Molecular epidemiological surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Myanmar from 2019 to 2023 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97103-2

  This study depicted variations in the prevalence, subtypes, and lineages of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Myanmar before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The years 2019 to 2023 witnessed significant fluctuations in RSV activity in Myanmar, characterized by the absence of a notable epidemic in 2020, a temporal shift with an RSV-A surge during the 2021 outbreak, a lack of expected cases in 2022, and a substantial resurgence of RSV-B in 2023. […] The estimated evolutionary rate at the G-ectodomain for RSV-A was 7.76 10, and RSV-B was 5.67 10 substitutions/site/year.

• #54 Intensified circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and associated hospital burden in the EU/EEA

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/intensified-circulation-respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-and-associated-hospital

  In recent weeks, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation in the EU/EEA has intensified, with increasing transmission rates in all population groups and an earlier-than-usual start of the season. […] Several EU/EEA countries are experiencing high RSV circulation and the number of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) due to RSV is increasing. […] Hospitalisations caused by RSV and other respiratory pathogens, such as influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, are increasing in a number of Member States, and are already placing pressure on healthcare systems. […] The risk that co-circulating RSV, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 will place pressure on EU/EEA healthcare systems in the coming weeks is assessed as high. […] Where possible, implement and improve surveillance of RSV and testing for respiratory pathogens. ECDC encourages Member States to continue reporting influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV infection and hospitalisation data from sentinel and non-sentinel sources. […] Since the end of October 2022 and as of week 47, several EU/EEA countries have indicated an increase in paediatric hospitalisations due to RSV infections causing bronchiolitis, amidst concurrent circulation of other respiratory pathogens, such as the influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

• #55 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Epidemiological Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections From 2014 to 2022 in a Hospital in Hubei Province, China: Longitudinal Surve

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e43941

  Background: Longitudinal studies characterizing the epidemic trend of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Hubei Province are scarce. […] Objective: We aimed to depict the dynamics of the RSV epidemic among hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) during 2014 to 2022 in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province and investigate the influence of the 2-child policy and the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV prevalence. […] Results: Among 75,128 hospitalized children with ARTI, 11.1% (8336/75,128) were RSV-positive. […] Most of the highest detection rates were concentrated between December and February. […] The yearly detection rate of RSV remained at a relatively low level (about 8%) from 2014 to 2017, then increased to 12% and above from 2018. […] There was a moderate increase in the RSV detection rate after the 2-child policy was implemented (before: 860/10,446, 8.2% vs after: 4920/43,916, 11.2%; P<.001).

• #56 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Epidemiological Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Hospitalized Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections From 2014 to 2022 in a Hospital in Hubei Province, China: Longitudinal Surve

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e43941

  The RSV epidemic level decreased sharply in the short term after the COVID-19 outbreak (detection rate before: 1600/17,010, 9.4% vs after: 32/1135, 2.8%; P<.001). [...] Conclusions: Children have been experiencing increased prevalence of RSV since 2018 based on surveillance from a hospital in Hubei Province with a large sample size. [...] The 2-child policy might have increased the RSV prevalence, and the COVID-19 epidemic had a temporary inhibitory effect on RSV transmission.

• #57 Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Senegal: findings from the 2022 sentinel surveillance season | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47015-w

  In 2022, after the alleviation of COVID-19 measures, Senegal, like several other countries, noticed an unprecedented number of RSV detections with a temporal shift (peak of detection between September and October) and increased numbers of pediatric inpatients in the different hospital sentinel sites of the 4S network. […] The reasons for this atypical resurgence of RSV cases are unclear, but it may be due to a deficit in RSV immunity due to prolonged lack of viral exposure. […] Among the 748 samples from the hospital-based surveillance screened as part of this study, 120 were positive for RSV, representing a detection rate of 16.04%. […] This prevalence is higher than the rate of 11.4% reported in a previous study in Senegal in Influenza-like Illness (ILI) outpatients after four consecutive years of surveillance (2012-2015).

• #58

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-024-01006-0

  In Germany, the estimation of the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults is limited. […] This study investigates publicly available data sources in Germany to address the current gaps in evidence regarding the burden of RSV. […] The data indicate that the number of RSV-related outpatient consultations ranges between 1,313,100 and 3,911,800 cases per season from 2014/2015 to 2022/2023 for all age groups, with approximately 13.0% of outpatient consultations occurring in adults 60+. […] The significant increase in hospitalisations over time suggests that heightened testing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed the underdetection of inpatient RSV cases in pre-pandemic seasons. […] In the most recent season recorded, 2022/2023, the data show 12,800 RSV-related hospitalisations in adults 60+ (24% of all RSV-related hospitalisations) and 1340 in-hospital deaths in adults 60+ (93% of all RSV-related deaths).

• #59

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40121-024-01006-0

  The comparison of pre- to post-pandemic seasons strongly suggest up to a sevenfold underdetection of RSV in individuals 60+, and the analysis of in-hospital mortality reveals higher mortality rates compared with the general German mortality statistics. […] These findings highlight the urgent need to improve surveillance and implement targeted prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of RSV in older adults. […] The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of public databases covering outpatient (between seasons 2014/2015 to 2022/2023), inpatient (years 2000-2022 and seasons 2019/2020 to 2022/2023) and mortality data (years 1998-2022). […] The inpatient data reveals significant underreporting that becomes apparent through the increased testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The underreporting is more pronounced in the older age groups and the age group 60+ comprises 13.1% of RSV-related inpatient visits, 24.6% of RSV-related inpatient stays and 93% of RSV-related in-hospital deaths. […] Our findings imply that the BoD of RSV in the 60+ age group has been underdetected regarding hospitalisations (sevenfold increase between 2019/2020 and 2022/2023) and in-hospital mortality (15-fold increase compared with the German mortality statistic).

• #60 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv/

  RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than one year of age in the United States. Almost all children will have an RSV infection by their second birthday. […] Individuals infected with RSV are usually contagious for three to eight days and may become contagious a day or two before they start showing signs of illness. However, some infants, and people with weakened immune systems, can continue to spread the virus even after they stop showing symptoms, for as long as four weeks. […] Immunizations are available to protect against severe RSV disease in specific groups of people. […] In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new RSV vaccines. They are Arexvy (manufactured by GSK), and Abrysvo (Pfizer). In 2024, FDA approved a third RSV vaccine mRESVIA (Moderna). Less information is available about mRESVIA at this time.

• #61 Health Alert Network (HAN) – 00498 | Increased Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Activity in Parts of the Southeastern United States: New Prevention Tools Available to Protect Patients

  https://www.cdc.gov/han/2023/han00498.html

  However, NREVSS data show increases in weekly PCR positivity above 3.0% in Florida beginning in the week ending July 22, 2023, and the 3-week moving average of PCR positivity has been greater than 5.0% for the past 4 weeks. […] In Georgia, CDC has also observed an increase in rates of RSV-associated hospitalizations reported to RSV-NET, a population-based surveillance system. […] In 2023, new prevention tools for RSV have become available. […] On August 21, 2023, FDA approved the RSVpreF vaccine (Abrysvo, Pfizer) for use in pregnant women during weeks 32 through 36 of gestation for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in infants from birth through 6 months of age. […] CDC and FDA will continue to monitor the safety and effectiveness of RSV vaccines and nirsevimab, review data as collected, keep the public informed of findings, and use data to make recommendations consistent with standard practices for all immunization products.

• #62 Seasonality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus — United States, 2017–2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7214a1.htm

  In the United States, the timing of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemics (October-April) was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] RSV circulation was historically low during 2020-21 and began earlier and continued longer during 2021-22 than during prepandemic seasons. The 2022-23 season started later than the 2021-22 season but earlier than prepandemic seasons, suggesting a return toward prepandemic seasonality. […] Ongoing monitoring of RSV seasonality can guide the timing of immunoprophylaxis and evaluation of new immunization products. Although an eventual return to prepandemic RSV seasonality is expected, clinicians should be aware that off-season RSV circulation might continue. […] In the United States, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections cause an estimated 58,000-80,000 hospitalizations among children aged 5 years and 60,000-160,000 hospitalizations among adults aged 65 years each year.

• #63 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/rsv/

  The actual burden among all age groups is likely even higher due to underreporting of RSV infections. […] Those at highest risk for severe disease from an RSV infection include premature infants and infants age 6 months and younger, adults with chronic heart or lung disease or certain other underlying medical conditions, including diabetes or obesity, adults with weakened immune systems, and older adults, especially those who are frail or live in a nursing home. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated recommendations for RSV vaccines in adults. […] CDC recommends protecting all infants against severe RSV either through a maternal RSV vaccine given to the pregnant mother or an RSV antibody given to the baby. […] Researchers are currently working to develop additional tools to help prevent RSV among specific populations including those who are immunocompromised.

• #64 Hospital admissions of respiratory infections in infants plunge with nirsevimab RSV antibody | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/adenovirus/hospital-admissions-respiratory-infections-infants-plunge-nirsevimab-rsv-antibody

  After the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab (Beyfortus) became available to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants in Spain in October 2023, rates of respiratory infection-related hospital admissions dropped 63%, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions plummeted 75%, and admissions for RSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and adenovirus (AdV) fell 78%, 37%, and 70%, respectively. […] These findings, published in Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, are from a prospective study by researchers who compared the clinical and virologic characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among infants younger than 1 year hospitalized at one of two Madrid hospitals in the respiratory virus season before (2022-23) and after (2023-24) the introduction of nirsevimab. […] Nirsevimab is recommended for all infants younger than 8 months entering their first RSV season and those at risk for severe RSV during their second year of life.

• #65 Hospital admissions of respiratory infections in infants plunge with nirsevimab RSV antibody | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/adenovirus/hospital-admissions-respiratory-infections-infants-plunge-nirsevimab-rsv-antibody

  These data highlight the huge impact of this preventive strategy in reducing the number of severe LTRI in infants, which, before nirsevimab, was one of the most significant challenges faced by healthcare systems worldwide. […] While monthly hospitalization trends stayed stable during both seasons, after October 2023, LRTI admissions declined 62.5%, with a 74.5% reduction in ICU admissions, a 78% decrease in RSV-related admissions, a 36.6% decline in HMPV, and a 69.5% drop in adenovirus. […] The authors called for continued monitoring of nirsevimab’s effectiveness in future respiratory virus seasons. „Confirming these results would further enhance its value as a preventive measure, underscoring its potential to provide significant prophylactic benefits,” they concluded.

• #66 Respiratory syncytial virus: Time for surveillance across all ages, with a focus on adults — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/2024/jogh-14-03008/

  Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of serious respiratory illness, can affect individuals of all ages, especially children below two years of age and adults 60 years of age and above, as well as individuals with chronic comorbidities, such as chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions, and immunocompromised individuals. […] The RSV-related hospitalisation burden is especially high in older adults. A meta-analysis conducted on data from high-income countries across different continents estimated that approximately 470,000 individuals 60 years of age and above were hospitalised in 2019 due to RSV, of whom approximately 33,000 died. […] Human respiratory syncytial virus surveillance is limited, geographically heterogeneous, and does not systematically include all age groups.

• #67 Respiratory syncytial virus: Time for surveillance across all ages, with a focus on adults — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/2024/jogh-14-03008/

  Therefore, improved RSV surveillance systems are needed to better understand the epidemiology of RSV and inform public health measures. […] The group agreed that a standardised case definition is essential to establish RSV surveillance. […] The group also proposed prospective epidemiological studies in both inpatient and outpatient settings to better estimate the burden of RSV in older adults. […] The group agreed that RSV surveillance should be integrated within broader respiratory pathogen surveillance and diagnostic systems. […] The group agreed that children below two years of age and adults 60 years of age and above as well as individuals with underlying health conditions should be included in RSV surveillance efforts. […] In conclusion, the expansion of RSV surveillance is important to better understand the epidemiology of RSV in adults as well as to optimise the use of emerging RSV vaccines in this population.

• #68 Respiratory syncytial virus: Time for surveillance across all ages, with a focus on adults — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/2024/jogh-14-03008/

  Therefore, improved RSV surveillance systems are needed to better understand the epidemiology of RSV and inform public health measures. […] The group agreed that a standardised case definition is essential to establish RSV surveillance. […] The group also proposed prospective epidemiological studies in both inpatient and outpatient settings to better estimate the burden of RSV in older adults. […] The group agreed that RSV surveillance should be integrated within broader respiratory pathogen surveillance and diagnostic systems. […] The group agreed that children below two years of age and adults 60 years of age and above as well as individuals with underlying health conditions should be included in RSV surveillance efforts. […] In conclusion, the expansion of RSV surveillance is important to better understand the epidemiology of RSV in adults as well as to optimise the use of emerging RSV vaccines in this population.

• #69 Respiratory syncytial virus: Time for surveillance across all ages, with a focus on adults — JOGH

  https://jogh.org/2024/jogh-14-03008/

  Therefore, improved RSV surveillance systems are needed to better understand the epidemiology of RSV and inform public health measures. […] The group agreed that a standardised case definition is essential to establish RSV surveillance. […] The group also proposed prospective epidemiological studies in both inpatient and outpatient settings to better estimate the burden of RSV in older adults. […] The group agreed that RSV surveillance should be integrated within broader respiratory pathogen surveillance and diagnostic systems. […] The group agreed that children below two years of age and adults 60 years of age and above as well as individuals with underlying health conditions should be included in RSV surveillance efforts. […] In conclusion, the expansion of RSV surveillance is important to better understand the epidemiology of RSV in adults as well as to optimise the use of emerging RSV vaccines in this population.

• #70 The Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: New Trends and Future Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11281674/

  The COVID-19 pandemic scenario has offered a unique opportunity for researchers to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as design future preventive strategies regarding RSV spread in both children and adults. Monitoring RSV seasonality is essential for pediatric health care in order to plan the appropriate timing of preventive strategies.

• #71 Respiratory syncytial virus Market: Epidemiology, Therapies,

  https://www.openpr.com/news/4005864/respiratory-syncytial-virus-market-epidemiology-therapies

  In 2023, there were approximately 8.6 million new cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) across the seven major markets (7MM), with the United States contributing around 56% of these cases. […] The highest incidence was observed in children under the age of five, who represented nearly half of all RSV cases in the 7MM during that year. […] Despite these advances, RSV remains a significant public health concern, particularly among infants, young children, and older adults. […] Awareness remains low among parents and families, and the need for education and prevention strategies is high. […] The approval of new vaccines like AREXVY and ABRYSVO is expected to significantly transform the treatment landscape. […] Nevertheless, there remains a significant unmet need for safe, effective, and affordable RSV prevention and treatment strategies, including antiviral therapies and long-acting monoclonal antibodies. […] Continued innovation in vaccine development is essential to reducing the global burden of RSV.

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