Wesz owłosieniowa (wszy owłosieniowe)
Epidemiologia

Wesz owłosieniowa (Pthirus pubis) jest ektopasożytem człowieka, którego infestacja dotyczy około 2% populacji globalnej, z wyższą częstością w grupie wiekowej 15-40 lat, szczególnie u osób aktywnych seksualnie i posiadających wielu partnerów. Pasożyt przenosi się głównie przez bliski kontakt cielesny, zwłaszcza podczas kontaktów seksualnych, a także rzadziej przez dzielenie się pościelą, ręcznikami i ubraniami. Wszy łonowe nie przenoszą chorób zakaźnych, ale ich obecność jest istotnym markerem ryzyka współistniejących infekcji przenoszonych drogą płciową (STI), takich jak rzeżączka, chlamydioza, kiła czy HIV. Diagnostyka opiera się na badaniu fizykalnym i identyfikacji pasożyta lub jego gnid w owłosieniu łonowym, a u dzieci wymaga szczególnej uwagi ze względu na możliwość molestowania seksualnego.

Epidemiologia wszy owłosieniowych

Wesz owłosieniowa (Pthirus pubis), potocznie zwana „meszkami”, jest pasożytniczym owadem z rzędu Psocodea. Jest ektopasożytem, którego jedynym żywicielem jest człowiek. Infestacja wszami owłosieniowymi występuje na całym świecie i dotyka ludzi wszystkich ras, grup etnicznych i poziomów społeczno-ekonomicznych.123

Szacuje się, że globalna częstość występowania wszy łonowych wynosi około 2% populacji ludzkiej, choć dokładne wartości mogą się wahać od 0,3% do 4,6%, z tendencją do wzrostu w czasie wojen, katastrof i w warunkach przeludnienia.123 W Stanach Zjednoczonych szacuje się, że rocznie odnotowuje się około 3 miliony przypadków infestacji wszami łonowymi.123

Dane demograficzne

Wesz owłosieniowa najczęściej występuje u osób dorosłych, szczególnie aktywnych seksualnie.12 Najwyższą częstość występowania obserwuje się wśród młodych dorosłych i nastolatków, zwłaszcza w przedziale wiekowym 15-40 lat.1 Niektóre badania sugerują, że wesz owłosieniowa nieznacznie częściej występuje u kobiet niż u mężczyzn.1

Osoby posiadające wielu partnerów seksualnych są bardziej narażone na infestację, przy czym podwyższoną częstość występowania obserwuje się wśród mężczyzn uprawiających seks z mężczyznami.12

Trendy epidemiologiczne

W ostatnich latach w niektórych częściach świata zaobserwowano spadek liczby przypadków infestacji wszami łonowymi. Zjawisko to jest częściowo przypisywane coraz powszechniejszej praktyce usuwania owłosienia łonowego (depilacja, golenie, woskowanie), co prowadzi do zniszczenia naturalnego siedliska wszy owłosieniowych.123 Badania wykazały, że przypadki występowania wszy łonowych zmniejszyły się z 1,8% do 0,07% w ciągu dekady, przy czym 94% pacjentów z wszami łonowymi miało nieusunięte owłosienie łonowe.1

Drogi transmisji

Wesz owłosieniowa przenosi się głównie poprzez bliski kontakt cielesny, najczęściej podczas kontaktów seksualnych.123 Pasożyty te nie potrafią skakać ani latać, lecz przemieszczają się poprzez pełzanie z włosów jednej osoby na włosy drugiej osoby.12

Transmisja seksualna

Chociaż wesz owłosieniowa jest klasyfikowana jako infekcja przenoszona drogą płciową (STI), należy zauważyć, że do przeniesienia pasożyta nie jest konieczny stosunek płciowy z penetracją.123 Wystarczy bliski kontakt cielesny, podczas którego owłosienie łonowe jednej osoby styka się z owłosieniem drugiej osoby. Warto podkreślić, że stosowanie prezerwatyw nie chroni przed wszami łonowymi.123

Transmisja nieseksualna

Rzadziej wesz owłosieniowa może być przenoszona w sposób nieseksualny, poprzez dzielenie się przedmiotami osobistymi z zainfestowaną osobą:123

  • Pościel i bielizna pościelowa
  • Ręczniki
  • Ubrania, szczególnie bielizna

123

Warto zauważyć, że wszy łonowe mogą przeżyć poza ciałem gospodarza do 24 godzin, co umożliwia im przenoszenie się za pośrednictwem wyżej wymienionych przedmiotów.12

Powszechne przekonanie, że wszy łonowe można złapać siedząc na desce sedesowej, jest mitem. Pasożyty te nie są przystosowane do pełzania po gładkich powierzchniach, takich jak deski sedesowe.123

Nadzór i monitorowanie

Infestacja wszami łonowymi nie jest chorobą podlegającą obowiązkowemu zgłaszaniu w większości państw, w tym w Stanach Zjednoczonych, co utrudnia dokładne monitorowanie jej występowania.123 Centra Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom (CDC) nie prowadzą rutynowego nadzoru ani monitoringu występowania wszy łonowych.1

Wyzwania w nadzorze

Dokładne dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące infestacji wszami łonowymi są trudne do uzyskania z kilku powodów:1

  • Brak obowiązku zgłaszania przypadków infestacji do organów zdrowia publicznego
  • Wiele przypadków jest leczonych samodzielnie przez pacjentów bez konsultacji lekarskiej
  • Część przypadków jest leczona dyskretnie przez lekarzy rodzinnych i nie trafia do oficjalnych statystyk
  • Stygmatyzacja związana z infestacją może zniechęcać do szukania pomocy medycznej

12

Znaczenie nadzoru

Mimo trudności w monitorowaniu, nadzór nad infestacjami wszami łonowymi jest ważny z kilku powodów:12

  • Infestacja wszami łonowymi często współwystępuje z innymi infekcjami przenoszonymi drogą płciową
  • Monitoring pozwala na ocenę pojawiających się lub zmieniających trendów w populacji
  • Precyzyjny nadzór nad poziomem ektopasożytów ma wartość epidemiologiczną

123

Współwystępowanie z innymi STI

Istotnym aspektem epidemiologii wszy łonowych jest ich częste współwystępowanie z innymi infekcjami przenoszonymi drogą płciową (STI).12 Szacuje się, że około jednej trzeciej osób zdiagnozowanych z wszami łonowymi ma również inne STI.1

Z tego powodu osobom, u których zdiagnozowano infestację wszami łonowymi, zaleca się przeprowadzenie kompleksowych badań w kierunku innych STI, takich jak:12

  • Rzeżączka
  • Chlamydioza
  • Kiła
  • HIV

12

Wesz owłosieniowa sama w sobie nie przenosi żadnych chorób zakaźnych na człowieka, ale jej obecność może być wskaźnikiem innych, potencjalnie poważniejszych infekcji przenoszonych drogą płciową.123

Diagnostyka w kontekście nadzoru

Prawidłowa diagnostyka wszy łonowych jest kluczowa dla skutecznego nadzoru epidemiologicznego tej infestacji.1 Diagnoza opiera się przede wszystkim na badaniu fizykalnym i identyfikacji pasożyta lub jego jaj w owłosieniu łonowym pacjenta.12

Metody diagnostyczne

Podstawową metodą diagnostyczną jest badanie wzrokowe zainfestowanego obszaru:12

  • Identyfikacja żywych dorosłych wszy łonowych – charakteryzują się krabopodobnym wyglądem, są szersze i bardziej płaskie niż inne rodzaje wszy
  • Wykrycie jaj (gnid) przyczepionych do włosów łonowych
  • Obserwacja pustych osłonek po wylęgu

123

Badanie może być przeprowadzone:12

  • W gabinecie lekarskim
  • W klinice chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową
  • W niektórych przypadkach przez samego pacjenta (samodiagnoza)

12

W przypadku podejrzenia infestacji u dzieci, szczególnie w obrębie rzęs, konieczne jest badanie przy użyciu szkła powiększającego.1 Obecność wszy łonowych u dzieci może wskazywać na kontakt seksualny lub molestowanie seksualne i wymaga wnikliwej oceny sytuacji.12

Strategie przeciwdziałania

Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie infestacjom wszami łonowymi wymaga kompleksowego podejścia obejmującego zarówno interwencje indywidualne, jak i działania na poziomie zdrowia publicznego.1

Prewencja indywidualna

Podstawowe metody zapobiegania infestacji wszami łonowymi na poziomie indywidualnym obejmują:12

  • Unikanie bliskiego kontaktu fizycznego z osobami zainfestowanymi do czasu zakończenia ich leczenia
  • Unikanie dzielenia się pościelą, ręcznikami i ubraniami z osobami zainfestowanymi
  • Ograniczenie liczby partnerów seksualnych

123

Niektóre badania sugerują, że usuwanie owłosienia łonowego może zmniejszyć ryzyko infestacji, jednak nie jest to rekomendowane jako główna metoda prewencji.1

Leczenie i postępowanie

Kluczowe elementy kompleksowego postępowania w przypadku wykrycia infestacji wszami łonowymi:12

  • Leczenie z użyciem odpowiednich środków przeciwpasożytniczych (kremy, lotiony lub szampony zawierające permetrynę lub pyretryny z butoksydem piperonylu)
  • Jednoczesne leczenie wszystkich partnerów seksualnych z ostatniego miesiąca, nawet jeśli nie wykazują objawów
  • Pranie w gorącej wodzie i suszenie w wysokiej temperaturze wszystkich ubrań, ręczników i pościeli używanych przez osobę zainfestowaną
  • Przeprowadzenie badań w kierunku innych STI

1234

Rola edukacji zdrowotnej

Edukacja zdrowotna jest istotnym elementem zapobiegania i kontroli infestacji wszami łonowymi:12

  • Przekazywanie wiedzy o cyklu życiowym wszy łonowych i drogach ich przenoszenia
  • Informowanie o metodach prawidłowego leczenia i zapobiegania reinfekcji
  • Podkreślanie znaczenia powiadamiania partnerów seksualnych o infestacji
  • Włączenie informacji o wszach łonowych do programów edukacji seksualnej dla młodzieży i młodych dorosłych

123

Dane epidemiologiczne w różnych grupach

Częstość występowania wszy łonowych różni się w zależności od grupy populacyjnej.1 Dostępne dane wskazują na wyższe wskaźniki w określonych subpopulacjach:12

Różnice demograficzne

Analiza danych epidemiologicznych wskazuje na następujące wzorce:12

  • Najwyższa częstość występowania w grupie wiekowej 15-40 lat
  • Wyższe wskaźniki wśród osób aktywnych seksualnie
  • Podwyższona częstość wśród osób posiadających wielu partnerów seksualnych
  • Większa częstość występowania wśród mężczyzn uprawiających seks z mężczyznami

123

W przeciwieństwie do wszy głowowych, które częściej występują u dzieci, wesz owłosieniowa jest przede wszystkim problemem dotykającym osoby dorosłe.1

Czynniki ryzyka

Główne czynniki zwiększające ryzyko infestacji wszami łonowymi:12

  • Aktywność seksualna, szczególnie z wieloma partnerami
  • Bliski kontakt fizyczny z osobą zainfestowaną
  • Współdzielenie przedmiotów osobistych (ręczniki, pościel, ubrania) z osobą zainfestowaną
  • Przebywanie w warunkach zwiększonego zagęszczenia ludności (podczas konfliktów zbrojnych, katastrof naturalnych)

123

Warto podkreślić, że infestacja wszami łonowymi nie jest związana z niskim poziomem higieny osobistej. Pasożyty te mogą zaatakować każdego, niezależnie od czystości ciała czy statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego.12

Znaczenie dla zdrowia publicznego

Chociaż infestacja wszami łonowymi sama w sobie nie powoduje poważnych zagrożeń dla zdrowia, ma znaczenie z perspektywy zdrowia publicznego z kilku powodów.12

Obciążenie systemów opieki zdrowotnej

Szacuje się, że rocznie na całym świecie odnotowuje się miliony przypadków infestacji wszami łonowymi, co przekłada się na:12

  • Zwiększoną liczbę wizyt w gabinetach lekarskich i klinikach
  • Koszty związane z diagnostyką i leczeniem
  • Potrzebę testowania w kierunku innych STI

12

Wskaźnik innych STI

Infestacja wszami łonowymi jest często traktowana jako wskaźnik ryzyka innych infekcji przenoszonych drogą płciową.12 Ze względu na częste współwystępowanie z innymi STI, diagnoza wszy łonowych powinna skłaniać do:1

  • Kompleksowego testowania pacjenta w kierunku innych STI
  • Identyfikacji i testowania partnerów seksualnych
  • Wdrożenia działań profilaktycznych zapobiegających dalszemu rozprzestrzenianiu się infekcji

123

Znaczenie edukacyjne

Infestacja wszami łonowymi stanowi okazję do edukacji pacjentów w zakresie:12

  • Bezpiecznych zachowań seksualnych
  • Znaczenia regularnych badań w kierunku STI
  • Odpowiedzialności za powiadamianie partnerów seksualnych o potencjalnym narażeniu na infekcje

12

Z tych powodów wesz owłosieniowa powinna być nadal uwzględniana w programach edukacji zdrowotnej dla młodych dorosłych, ze względu na jej związek z infekcjami przenoszonymi drogą płciową i jej klasyfikację jako STI.12

Rola służby zdrowia w nadzorze

Pracownicy służby zdrowia odgrywają kluczową rolę w nadzorze epidemiologicznym i kontroli infestacji wszami łonowymi.12

Diagnoza i zgłaszanie

Chociaż infestacja wszami łonowymi nie jest chorobą podlegającą obowiązkowemu zgłaszaniu, lekarze powinni:12

  • Dokładnie dokumentować przypadki infestacji
  • Monitorować trendy w swojej praktyce klinicznej
  • Informować lokalne władze sanitarne o nietypowych wzrostach liczby przypadków

12

Edukacja pacjentów

Lekarze i inni pracownicy służby zdrowia powinni edukować pacjentów w zakresie:12

  • Prawidłowych metod leczenia infestacji
  • Konieczności leczenia wszystkich partnerów seksualnych
  • Znaczenia dezynfekcji przedmiotów osobistych
  • Metod zapobiegania ponownej infestacji

123

Identyfikacja kontaktów

Ważnym elementem nadzoru jest identyfikacja i powiadomienie osób, które mogły mieć kontakt z pacjentem zainfestowanym:12

  • Wszyscy partnerzy seksualni z ostatniego miesiąca powinni zostać poinformowani o możliwości infestacji
  • Osoby mieszkające w tym samym gospodarstwie domowym powinny zostać powiadomione o ryzyku
  • W przypadku dzieci z wszami łonowymi, konieczne jest dokładne zbadanie okoliczności infestacji, ze względu na możliwość wykorzystania seksualnego

123

Szybka, wykwalifikowana i odpowiednia interwencja medyczna oraz leczenie i dalsza obserwacja są ważnymi krokami w przerwaniu cyklu rozprzestrzeniania się infestacji.1

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 CDC – DPDx – Pthiriasis
    https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/pthiriasis/index.html
    Pthirus pubis, the pubic or crab louse, is an insect of the order Psocodea and is an ectoparasite whose only host are humans. […] Pubic lice are transmitted from person to person most-commonly via sexual contact, although fomites (bedding, clothing) may play a minor role in their transmission. […] Pthiriais is common and is distributed worldwide. […] The main mode of transmission is person to person by sexual contact with someone who is already infested. Fomites (bedding, clothing) may play a minor role, although rare. […] The diagnosis of pthiriasis is best made by finding a live nymph, adult louse, or a nit on the hair of a person, usually in the pubic or perianal area, although they may also be found on armpit, moustache and chest hairs.
  • #1 Crab louse – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_louse
    The prevalence varies between 0.3% to 4.6% with an estimated average of 2% with an increase during war, disasters and in overcrowding. […] Crab louse infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many health authorities, and many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by physicians. […] Crab louse infestations (pthiriasis) are usually spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. […] Crab louse infestation is found worldwide and occurs in all races and ethnic groups and in all socio-economic levels. […] Crab louse infestation can be diagnosed by identifying the presence of active stages of the louse, as well as of eggs (nits) on the pubic hair and other hairs of the body.
  • #1 Pubic Lice (Crabs): Bites, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4522-pubic-lice-crabs
    Pubic lice, also called crabs, are tiny insects that live on your pubic hair, near your genitals. Crabs spread from person to person through physical contact. You can get pubic lice anytime your hair comes in contact with another persons infested hair. Most commonly, this happens during sexual intercourse. In rare instances, you can get it by sharing personal items like towels or sheets with someone who has pubic lice. […] Pubic lice are very common. Around the world, people of every race and ethnic group have them. Pubic lice are most common in adults. Every year, about 3 million people in the United States get pubic lice. […] You get genital crabs by coming into close physical contact with a person who has them. The lice crawl from the pubic hair of one person to another. The most common way people catch crabs is by having sex with a person who has them. However, any type of close body contact is enough to spread crabs, even if theres no penetration or intercourse.
  • #1 About Pubic
    https://www.cdc.gov/lice/about/pubic-lice.html
    Pubic lice, also known as „crab” lice, are parasitic insects found in the pubic or genital area. […] Pubic lice usually spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. […] You usually get pubic lice from intimate, person-to-person contact, usually sexual contact. […] Pubic lice infestation is diagnosed by finding a „crab” louse or nits on hair in the pubic region or, less commonly, elsewhere on the body. […] Pubic lice are short and crab-like; they appear very different from head and body lice (I.e., they are broader and flatter than other lice).
  • #1 Pubic Lice: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention – Skinsight
    https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/pediculosis-pubis-pubic-lice/
    Pubic lice, also known as crab lice or crabs, are wingless, bloodsucking insects that can live and multiply on coarse hair, especially pubic hair. […] Pubic lice infestation (pediculosis pubis) usually causes itching. It is spread by close physical contact or contaminated personal items such as clothing, bedding, or towels. […] Pubic lice infestations may occur with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Pubic lice can affect all races / ethnicities in all levels of society. […] Pubic lice is most frequent in people aged of 15-40 years who are sexually active. […] Your medical professional can suggest the ideal treatment for your situation and advise testing for other STIs.
  • #1 STI – Pubic Lice
    https://www.emmagoldman.com/sti-pubiclice.html
    Pubic lice are tiny parasitic organisms that look like insects with segmented torsos and claws for clinging to hair. […] Slightly more women than men become infested with pubic lice. […] A person may suspect lice from a known exposure, through visual identification of lice or eggs, and itching. […] If these indicators are present, they are diagnosed with lice. […] Symptoms: lice may cause irritation ranging from slight discomfort to severe itching; nits or adult lice may be seen on pubic hairs. […] Any sexual contacts should treat for lice as well. […] Warn household members and close contacts about the possibility of contracting lice. However, they will not need to treat unless there is evidence of contamination. […] Pubic Lice: Without water, apply over-the-counter lice treatment shampoo, such as Nix, to all body hair. […] You should treat head and body hair as well as your pubic hair. […] Repeat pubic lice treatment in 7 to 10 days to destroy possible surviving eggs.
  • #1 Pubic Lice – UF Health
    https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice are most commonly spread during sexual activity. […] You are at greater risk for pubic lice if you: Have many sexual partners (high incidence in men who have sex with men) […] Teenagers and adults with pubic lice may need to be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Avoid sexual or intimate contact with people who have pubic lice until they have been treated.
  • #1 Pediculosis pubis – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_pubis
    Infestation with pubic lice is found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups and all levels of society. […] Current worldwide prevalence has been very approximately estimated at two percent of the human population. Accurate numbers are difficult to acquire, because pubic lice infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many governments. Many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by personal physicians, which further adds to the difficulty of producing accurate statistics. […] It has been reported that the trend of pubic hair removal has led to the destruction of the natural habitat of the crab louse populations in some parts of the world, thereby reducing the incidence of the disease.
  • #1 Everything You Need to Know About Crabs
    https://www.vice.com/en/article/crabs-symptoms-treatments-and-facts/
    When it comes to worrisome STDs, pubic lice or crabs as they’re more commonly called probably aren’t on the top of your list. […] Its so rare that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention doesn’t conduct routine monitoring or surveillance for pubic lice, according to Amy Rowland, a CDC spokeswoman. […] From their findings, reports of crabs have declined from 1.8 percent to 0.07 percent in a decade, and 94 percent of the patients with pubic lice had untended genital gardens. […] The increased incidence of hair removal, the researchers concluded, could only lead to the eventual complete eradication of crabs. […] Some accounts estimate that up to 10 percent of the global population have crabs. […] Pubic lice have been infesting human groins for at least three million years. […] While crabs are not always sexually transmitted, most cases are acquired sexually, and STDs in general tend to be more common in those with pubic lice, Wyand says.
  • #1 Pubic Lice | Crabs | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html
    Pubic lice (also called crabs) are tiny insects which usually live in the pubic or genital area of humans. […] Pubic lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. […] Pubic lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They usually spread through sexual contact. […] Since they spread mainly through sexual contact, pubic lice are most common in adults. […] People who have pubic lice should also be checked for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and their sexual partners should also be checked for pubic lice. […] The main treatment for pubic lice is a lice-killing lotion. Options include a lotion that contains permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide.
  • #1 Pubic lice (crabs) | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pubic-lice-crabs
    Pubic lice (crabs) are usually sexually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact. […] Pubic lice infestation causes no serious harm. […] If you have pubic lice, it is a good idea to be tested for other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). […] Pubic lice are usually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. […] Lice infestation causes no serious harm, but can be irritating. If you have pubic lice, it is a good idea to get tested for other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). […] Any sexual partners you have had over the past month need to be examined and treated. […] Current sexual partners should be treated at the same time as you are. […] Condoms (including internal condoms) do not protect you against pubic lice.
  • #1 Pubic lice (crabs) – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/bites+stings+and+pests/pubic+lice/pubic+lice+crabs+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Public lice is an infestation of the pubic hair by the pubic or crab louse, Pthirus pubis. In heavy infestations they may be found in other hairy parts of the body, especially the armpits and eyebrows. They are different from head lice. […] Transmission is mostly through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, but they can be spread on bedding, clothing or by close non-sexual body contact. […] While there are living adult lice the lice can be passed on. […] Any sexual partners you have had over the past month need to be examined and treated for pubic lice. […] Condoms do not protect you against pubic lice.
  • #1
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/sexual-reproductive-health/sexually-transmitted-infections/pubic-lice-(crabs)
    Pubic lice are small, crablike insects that are grey or brownred. They live in pubic hair, but can be on other body parts with hair (like the chest, armpit, face, eyelashes). […] Crabs can live for up to 24 hours on bedding, towels, and clothes. They feed on the blood of the infected person (by taking small bites that can cause itching). […] You can get crabs by having skin-to-skin contact with a person who has crabs. […] You can see pubic lice or nits on the hair and skin around the genitals and anus. […] Regular soap or shampoo does not kill crabs. […] You must treat all clothes, towels, and bedding used during treatment and any unwashed items used 2 to 3 days before treatment. […] Please contact your healthcare provider.
  • #1 Lice: Medical Conditions: Health Answers: Student Health Center: Indiana University Bloomington
    https://healthcenter.indiana.edu/health-answers/medical-conditions/lice.html
    Crabs (Pubic) lice are most frequently spread by sexual contact; however, transmission through infested materials, such as bedding, and towels, is possible yet infrequent. […] Although more commonly found in the pubic hair, these lice may also be located in the underarm area, on the chest, eyelashes, even in mustaches and beards. […] A common misconception is that pubic lice can be easily spread by sitting on toilet seats. Lice can only crawl and cannot hang onto smooth surfaces like a toilet seat. […] Inform any sexual partners that they are at risk for infestation. […] Avoid any sexual contact until partners have been treated and infestation has been cured. Testing for other sexually transmitted infections is recommended.
  • #1 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2672365/
    Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) maintain a worldwide parasitic population infesting two to over 10 percent of human populations, continuing a presence that has been constant since early evidence 10,000 years ago. […] Pubic lice infestations are not a reportable condition in the US, but are considered an STD. […] Though reporting on pubic lice is less frequent than head lice or body lice, its epidemiology is important because of correlation with the occurrence of other STD infections. […] Because there is evidence of co-occurrence with other STD infections, and because accurate surveillance of ectoparasite levels is valuable in evaluating emerging or changing trends, this study was undertaken to describe self-reported attitudes and behavior concerning lice prevention and treatment (and treatment myths) which will add to the general knowledge of Pthirus pubis infestation in young adults.
  • #1 Pubic lice | informedhealth.org
    https://www.informedhealth.org/pubic-lice.html
    Pubic lice are parasites that mainly live in pubic hair. […] They pass from person to person through close skin contact, usually during sex. […] Pubic lice infestation is classified as a sexually transmitted infection. […] Pubic lice can also be passed on through shared towels and bedding. […] Rough estimates suggest that about 2% of the global population have pubic lice. […] Overall, pubic lice are less common than head lice. […] It seems that there are fewer people now have pubic lice because more people shave or otherwise remove their pubic hair. […] The risk of getting pubic lice increases the more different sexual partners you have. […] Nearly one third of people who are diagnosed with pubic lice are also diagnosed with another sexually transmitted infection. […] People who shave or otherwise remove their pubic hair have a lower risk of pubic lice. […] There are no reliable preventive measures. […] Condoms do not protect against these parasites either.
  • #1 Patient education: Pubic lice (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pubic-lice-beyond-the-basics/print
    Pubic lice (crabs) are most often spread from one person to another through sexual contact. Pubic lice can be found in all parts of the world, affecting men and women of all races. […] Your doctor or nurse can diagnose pubic lice by looking at the genital area for lice or their eggs. […] If you are diagnosed with pubic lice, which is a sexually transmitted infection, you should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. […] The recommended treatment for pubic lice is a lotion or cream that is applied to the skin. […] If you are diagnosed with pubic lice, you should tell anyone that you have had sex with during the previous month to get treated.
  • #1 What’s New
    https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/BodyLice.aspx
    Pubic lice (also known as „crabs”) are tiny insects that live on pubic hair in the genital area of humans and feed on human blood. Pubic lice may sometimes attach to hairs on the legs, chest, armpits, beard, eyebrows, and eyelashes, but rarely on hair on the head (pubic lice are not the same as head lice). Pubic lice are usually spread through close or sexual contact, but are sometimes spread by sharing clothes, bedding, or towels used by someone who has pubic lice. Pubic lice can cause intense itching in the genital area, which may lead to sores. Pubic lice do not spread diseases to humans. […] Over-the-counter products and prescription medication are available for the treatment of pubic lice follow instructions listed on the product label or given by a healthcare provider. To prevent pubic lice, avoid sexual contact with someone who has pubic lice until they have been properly treated. Do not share clothes, bedding, or towels with someone who has pubic lice, and if you have shared these items, wash them in hot water and place them in a clothes dryer on the hot cycle.
  • #1 Pubic Lice Test | Testing.com
    https://www.testing.com/tests/pubic-lice-test/
    Pubic lice are small, parasitic insects that feed on blood and can infest a person’s pubic or genital area. Having lice is called pediculosis. Pediculosis with pubic lice is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be easily spread through close contact with an infected person. […] Pubic lice testing involves looking for signs of lice on the body. Testing is typically ordered when a person has symptoms of a pubic lice infestation. […] The purpose of pubic lice testing is to diagnose pediculosis caused by an infestation of pubic lice. […] Pubic lice testing looks for evidence of Pthirus pubis, which is the scientific name for the pubic or crab louse. […] Pubic lice testing is most often ordered when a person has symptoms of an infestation. […] Testing may also be recommended after a person comes into contact with someone diagnosed with pubic lice.
  • #1 Pubic lice: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm
    Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs there. These lice can also be found in armpit hair, eyebrows, mustache, beard, around the anus, and eyelashes (in children). […] Pubic lice are most commonly spread during sexual activity. […] You are at greater risk for pubic lice if you: Have many sexual partners (high incidence in men who have sex with men). […] Because pubic lice may cause an eye infection in young children, eyelashes should be looked at with a high-powered magnifying glass. […] Sexual transmission, and potential sexual molestation, should always be considered if pubic lice are found in children. […] Teenagers and adults with pubic lice may need to be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Avoid sexual or intimate contact with people who have pubic lice until they have been treated.
  • #1 CDC – Lice – Pubic
    http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/pubic/epi.html
    Pubic („crab”) lice infestation is found worldwide and occurs in all races and ethnic groups and in all levels of society. Pubic lice usually are spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. […] Occasionally pubic lice may be spread by close personal contact or contact with articles such as clothing, bed linens, and towels that have been used by an infested person. […] Pubic lice found on the head or eyelashes of children may be an indication of sexual exposure or abuse.
  • #1
    https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/crabs.html
    In the United States, there are an estimated 3 million cases of crabs every year. […] Pubic („crab”) lice most commonly are spread directly from person to person by sexual contact. […] Prompt, qualified, and appropriate medical intervention and treatment and follow-up are important steps in breaking the disease cycle.
  • #1 Pubic Lice | Texas DSHS
    https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice are passed by sexual contact with a person with pubic lice or contact with infested bedding, towels, and clothing. […] Nits and lice are observed on pubic hair. […] Pubic lice are cured with medicated creams, lotions, or shampoos that kill pubic lice. Bedding, towels, and clothing must be machine washed and dried using the heat cycle, dry cleaned, or removed from body contact for at least 72 hours. […] Sex partners and household contacts should be treated at the same time to prevent getting lice again.
  • #1 Pediculosis (lice, head lice, body lice, pubic lice, cooties, crabs)
    https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/pediculosis/fact_sheet.htm
    Pediculosis is an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice. […] Anyone may become louse infested under suitable conditions of exposure. Pediculosis is easily transmitted from person to person during direct contact. […] Crab lice infestations can be found among sexually active individuals. […] For both head lice and body lice, transmission can occur during direct contact with an infested individual. […] While other means are possible, crab lice are most often transmitted through sexual contact. […] Pediculosis can be spread as long as lice or eggs remain alive on the infested person or clothing. […] Health education on the life history of lice, proper treatment and the importance of laundering clothing and bedding in hot water or dry cleaning to destroy lice and eggs is extremely valuable.
  • #1 Pubic lice (crabs): Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173681
    Pubic lice, or crabs, are tiny, parasitic insects that feed on blood. They spread easily and cause itching and red spots. […] Lice usually pass from person to person during sex, and healthcare professionals consider them a sexually transmitted infection (STI). […] Risk factors for getting pubic lice include: being sexually active, having more than one sex partner, having sexual relations with a person who has an infestation, sharing towels, bedding, or clothing. […] Pubic lice, or crabs, are a common problem that people can transmit through sexual contact and in other ways. The lice do not pass on diseases, but they spread easily to other people and can cause itching and distress.
  • #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-crabs-(pubic-lice).aspx
    Pubic lice (called crabs in common parlance) are caused by very tiny insects called Phthirus pubis. These are parasitic insects that live in coarse human body hair such as hair around the groin. […] In the United States, there are an estimated 3 million cases of pubic lice every year. […] Poor personal hygiene is not associated with pubic lice. They are spread through close body contact with an infected person. Sexual contact is the common form of contact that leads to spread of pubic lice spread from person to person. […] Pubic lice infestation is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms reported and examination of the lice and nits in the affected area. […] Prevention of recurrence includes treating household members who are in close contact and sexual partners.
  • #1 Open Search
    https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice are super common. Millions of people get infected with pubic lice every year. […] About 3 million people in the U.S. get pubic lice every year. […] Pubic lice spread really easily during sexual contact. […] Crabs are usually spread through sex, because they like to live in pubic hair. […] Most people get crabs during sex, but sometimes theyre spread through other kinds of close, personal contact.
  • #1 Crabs, also know as Pubic Lice
    https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/crabs/
    Pubic lice, also known as crabs, are small parasites that feed on human blood. Theyre usually found on the pubic hair, but can also be found on other parts of the body where a person has coarse hair (such as armpits, eyelashes, and facial hair). […] Anyone can get crabs and they are very common. Millions of people are infected with public lice very year. […] Most cases of crabs happen as a result of intimate contact, when crabs move from the pubic hair of one person to the pubic hair of another. […] Crabs can also be passed on in non-sexual ways. For example, it is possible for a person can get crabs from sleeping in an infested bed, using infested towels, or wearing infested clothing. […] If you find out you have crabs, it is important that you talk to your partner or partners as soon as you can so they can get treatment. It is possible to pass crabs back and forth. If you get treated and your partner doesnt, you may get infected again.
  • #1 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    In addition to maintaining information about infestation rates for pubic lice, it is also important to determine the level of information susceptible populations may have concerning treatment and transmission. Information about possible co-occurring STD infections and about effective treatment are needed for susceptible populations, such as college students, where sexual activity typically ranges from 70–90%. […] Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #1 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2672365/
    Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Ectoparasitic population dynamics should still be a concern of health scientists, however, in this current climate of worldwide human population homogenization from travel and collaborative work. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #1 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    Pubic lice infestations are not a reportable condition in the US, but are considered an STD. There have been reports of outbreaks of pubic lice during earlier decades, though reports are not numerous. In countries where military or STD records are widely available, records are more common. […] Because there is evidence of co-occurrence with other STD infections, and because accurate surveillance of ectoparasite levels is valuable in evaluating emerging or changing trends, this study was undertaken to describe self-reported attitudes and behavior concerning lice prevention and treatment (and treatment myths) which will add to the general knowledge of Pthirus pubis infestation in young adults. […] Typical Pthirus pubis infestation burden in the world appears to be approximately 2% of the (mainly) adult population. Records are often related to STD clinic records or to travel data.
  • #2 Crab louse – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_louse
    The prevalence varies between 0.3% to 4.6% with an estimated average of 2% with an increase during war, disasters and in overcrowding. […] Crab louse infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many health authorities, and many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by physicians. […] Crab louse infestations (pthiriasis) are usually spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. […] Crab louse infestation is found worldwide and occurs in all races and ethnic groups and in all socio-economic levels. […] Crab louse infestation can be diagnosed by identifying the presence of active stages of the louse, as well as of eggs (nits) on the pubic hair and other hairs of the body.
  • #2 Pubic lice | informedhealth.org
    https://www.informedhealth.org/pubic-lice.html
    Pubic lice are parasites that mainly live in pubic hair. […] They pass from person to person through close skin contact, usually during sex. […] Pubic lice infestation is classified as a sexually transmitted infection. […] Pubic lice can also be passed on through shared towels and bedding. […] Rough estimates suggest that about 2% of the global population have pubic lice. […] Overall, pubic lice are less common than head lice. […] It seems that there are fewer people now have pubic lice because more people shave or otherwise remove their pubic hair. […] The risk of getting pubic lice increases the more different sexual partners you have. […] Nearly one third of people who are diagnosed with pubic lice are also diagnosed with another sexually transmitted infection. […] People who shave or otherwise remove their pubic hair have a lower risk of pubic lice. […] There are no reliable preventive measures. […] Condoms do not protect against these parasites either.
  • #2 Open Search
    https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice are super common. Millions of people get infected with pubic lice every year. […] About 3 million people in the U.S. get pubic lice every year. […] Pubic lice spread really easily during sexual contact. […] Crabs are usually spread through sex, because they like to live in pubic hair. […] Most people get crabs during sex, but sometimes theyre spread through other kinds of close, personal contact.
  • #2 Pubic Lice | Crabs | MedlinePlus
    https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html
    Pubic lice (also called crabs) are tiny insects which usually live in the pubic or genital area of humans. […] Pubic lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. […] Pubic lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They usually spread through sexual contact. […] Since they spread mainly through sexual contact, pubic lice are most common in adults. […] People who have pubic lice should also be checked for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and their sexual partners should also be checked for pubic lice. […] The main treatment for pubic lice is a lice-killing lotion. Options include a lotion that contains permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide.
  • #2 Pubic lice: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm
    Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs there. These lice can also be found in armpit hair, eyebrows, mustache, beard, around the anus, and eyelashes (in children). […] Pubic lice are most commonly spread during sexual activity. […] You are at greater risk for pubic lice if you: Have many sexual partners (high incidence in men who have sex with men). […] Because pubic lice may cause an eye infection in young children, eyelashes should be looked at with a high-powered magnifying glass. […] Sexual transmission, and potential sexual molestation, should always be considered if pubic lice are found in children. […] Teenagers and adults with pubic lice may need to be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Avoid sexual or intimate contact with people who have pubic lice until they have been treated.
  • #2 Pulsenotes | Pediculosis pubis notes
    https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/gum/notes/pediculosis-pubis
    Pediculosis pubis is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults. […] There has been a general decrease in the incidence of pediculosis pubis, which may be due to the increase in people choosing to remove pubic hair.
  • #2 CDC – DPDx – Pthiriasis
    https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/pthiriasis/index.html
    Pthirus pubis, the pubic or crab louse, is an insect of the order Psocodea and is an ectoparasite whose only host are humans. […] Pubic lice are transmitted from person to person most-commonly via sexual contact, although fomites (bedding, clothing) may play a minor role in their transmission. […] Pthiriais is common and is distributed worldwide. […] The main mode of transmission is person to person by sexual contact with someone who is already infested. Fomites (bedding, clothing) may play a minor role, although rare. […] The diagnosis of pthiriasis is best made by finding a live nymph, adult louse, or a nit on the hair of a person, usually in the pubic or perianal area, although they may also be found on armpit, moustache and chest hairs.
  • #2 Pubic Lice, Pubic Crab, Pediculosis and Pthiriasis – Dr Ben Medical – Men’s Health Clinic | Women’s Health Singapore
    https://dbclinic.com.sg/pubic-lice-pubic-crab-pediculosis-and-pthiriasis/
    Pubic lice infestation affects between 2 to 10 percent of the human population with outbreaks from as far back as the 1970s. […] Regardless of your gender, ethnicity, race or socioeconomical standing, pubic lice infestation can affect anyone in Singapore. […] Adult Singaporeans commonly infect one another with pubic lice through sexual contact, however, it can spread through close personal contact such as sharing clothing, towels, and linen from someone infected with pubic lice. […] Pubic lice are unable to fly or jump, but can climb from the hairs of one person to another. This increases the risk of being infected with pubic lice through the following factors: Being sexually active, Having more than 1 sexual partner in a period of time, Engaging in sexual activities with someone infected by pubic lice, Sharing clothing, towels, or bedding with someone infected by pubic lice.
  • #2 Pubic lice | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/pubic-lice/
    Pubic lice are spread through close body contact with someone who has them, most commonly sexual contact. […] Pubic lice are easily spread, and condoms dont protect against them. […] To reduce the risk of getting pubic lice, you should limit the number of people you have intimate or sexual contact with.
  • #2 Pubic lice (crabs) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice-crabs/symptoms-causes/syc-20350300
    Pubic lice are most commonly spread during sexual activity. […] You may also get pubic lice from infested sheets, blankets, towels or clothes. […] People who have other sexually transmitted infections are more likely to also have pubic lice.
  • #2 What’s New
    https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/BodyLice.aspx
    Pubic lice (also known as „crabs”) are tiny insects that live on pubic hair in the genital area of humans and feed on human blood. Pubic lice may sometimes attach to hairs on the legs, chest, armpits, beard, eyebrows, and eyelashes, but rarely on hair on the head (pubic lice are not the same as head lice). Pubic lice are usually spread through close or sexual contact, but are sometimes spread by sharing clothes, bedding, or towels used by someone who has pubic lice. Pubic lice can cause intense itching in the genital area, which may lead to sores. Pubic lice do not spread diseases to humans. […] Over-the-counter products and prescription medication are available for the treatment of pubic lice follow instructions listed on the product label or given by a healthcare provider. To prevent pubic lice, avoid sexual contact with someone who has pubic lice until they have been properly treated. Do not share clothes, bedding, or towels with someone who has pubic lice, and if you have shared these items, wash them in hot water and place them in a clothes dryer on the hot cycle.
  • #2 Pubic Lice Or Crab Lice – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pubic-lice-or-crab-lice-a-to-z
    Pubic lice or crab lice are tiny insects that infest a person’s pubic hair, although they also can be found on facial hair, armpit hair and eyelashes. […] Diagnosing a crab lice infestation depends on finding the insects and their eggs on the hair. […] Because most crab louse infestations are transmitted through sexual activity, anyone who has crab lice also should be screened for other sexually transmitted diseases. […] Although most crab lice infestations are transmitted through sexual contact, it is possible to get infested with the insects by sharing a bed or clothing with an affected person, and occasionally simply by other direct contacts. […] Crab lice can live for about 24 hours off of a human host. […] Recent sex partners should also be treated. Sex should not be resumed until both partners have been successfully treated.
  • #2 Pediculosis pubis and pediculosis ciliaris – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pediculosis-pubis-and-pediculosis-ciliaris
    Pediculosis pubis (also known as phthiriasis pubis), pediculosis corporis, and pediculosis capitis are disorders caused by infestation by one of three varieties of lice that specifically infest humans. […] Pediculosis pubis is usually sexually transmitted and can extend beyond the pubic area to involve other areas of the body, including the eyelashes (also known as pediculosis ciliaris and phthiriasis palpebrarum). […] Transmission of P. pubis is usually during sexual contact. Transmission via contact with fomites, such as clothing, towels, or linen, may also occur but is thought to be less common. […] Acquisition of P. pubis from a toilet seat is unlikely because the organism gravitates toward warm environments and is not adapted to crawling on smooth surfaces.
  • #2 Pediculosis pubis – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_pubis
    Infestation with pubic lice is found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups and all levels of society. […] Current worldwide prevalence has been very approximately estimated at two percent of the human population. Accurate numbers are difficult to acquire, because pubic lice infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many governments. Many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by personal physicians, which further adds to the difficulty of producing accurate statistics. […] It has been reported that the trend of pubic hair removal has led to the destruction of the natural habitat of the crab louse populations in some parts of the world, thereby reducing the incidence of the disease.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    Pubic lice infestations are not a reportable condition in the US, but are considered an STD. There have been reports of outbreaks of pubic lice during earlier decades, though reports are not numerous. In countries where military or STD records are widely available, records are more common. […] Because there is evidence of co-occurrence with other STD infections, and because accurate surveillance of ectoparasite levels is valuable in evaluating emerging or changing trends, this study was undertaken to describe self-reported attitudes and behavior concerning lice prevention and treatment (and treatment myths) which will add to the general knowledge of Pthirus pubis infestation in young adults. […] Typical Pthirus pubis infestation burden in the world appears to be approximately 2% of the (mainly) adult population. Records are often related to STD clinic records or to travel data.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2672365/
    Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Ectoparasitic population dynamics should still be a concern of health scientists, however, in this current climate of worldwide human population homogenization from travel and collaborative work. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #2 Pubic lice and scabies | aidsmap
    https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/pubic-lice-and-scabies
    Pubic lice (also called crabs) and scabies are parasites, easily passed on through close body or sexual contact. […] Pubic lice are spread through close body contact, usually during sex, but other intimate or close bodily contact can pass them on. […] Your GP or staff at a sexual health clinic will be able to diagnose public lice. […] Scabies is passed on through prolonged skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact. […] Your GP can usually diagnose scabies by looking at the rash. […] If you think you picked up pubic lice or scabies from sexual contact, consider having a full sexual health check-up to check for other sexually transmitted infections.
  • #2
    https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/who-ctd-whopes-97.8
    Neither head lice (Pediculus capitis) nor pubic nor crab lice (Pthirus pubis) are vectors of disease, though head lice have been infected in the laboratory with typhus rickettsiae. […] Pubic lice have never been found to harbor any disease organism, but infestations by this species are frequently associated with the infection of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). […] Information on the current distribution of human lice, the extent of louse-borne diseases, developments in the control of lice and problems encountered in the control such as that of insecticide resistance, will therefore be examined below.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Crabs) (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-lice.html
    Pubic lice usually spread through sex. Less often, pubic lice is spread by touching infested clothing, towels, and bedding. […] Most people with pubic lice got them through sex or close sexual contact. […] Less often, someone can get pubic lice from sharing clothes, sheets, or towels with someone who has pubic lice. […] Because pubic lice usually spread during sex, not having sex is the best way to avoid them. Not sharing clothing, bedding, or towels also can help lower the risk of getting pubic lice.
  • #2 Pubic Lice Test | Testing.com
    https://www.testing.com/tests/pubic-lice-test/
    Pubic lice are small, parasitic insects that feed on blood and can infest a person’s pubic or genital area. Having lice is called pediculosis. Pediculosis with pubic lice is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be easily spread through close contact with an infected person. […] Pubic lice testing involves looking for signs of lice on the body. Testing is typically ordered when a person has symptoms of a pubic lice infestation. […] The purpose of pubic lice testing is to diagnose pediculosis caused by an infestation of pubic lice. […] Pubic lice testing looks for evidence of Pthirus pubis, which is the scientific name for the pubic or crab louse. […] Pubic lice testing is most often ordered when a person has symptoms of an infestation. […] Testing may also be recommended after a person comes into contact with someone diagnosed with pubic lice.
  • #2 Pubic Lice Test | Testing.com
    https://www.testing.com/tests/pubic-lice-test/
    Testing for pubic lice can be conducted at home or in a medical setting like a doctor’s office. […] Pubic lice testing is performed by looking for evidence of lice or nits near a person’s pubic area. […] Results of pubic lice testing are typically available right after the test is completed. […] Pubic lice test results are reported as positive or negative. Test results indicate whether evidence of the parasitic insect Pthirus pubis was detected on the body. […] Looking for pubic lice is an essential tool to find and treat this STD. […] If living lice or eggs are found during a pubic lice test, follow-up testing is important after the patient has completed treatment. […] STD testing is also recommended for people diagnosed with pubic lice.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Crabs): Bites, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4522-pubic-lice-crabs
    The only way to prevent pubic lice is to avoid any close physical contact with people who have it. […] Pubic lice wont cause serious health concerns. Usually, the main problems that the lice cause are itching and discomfort. You may get a bacterial infection if you end up scratching your skin a lot.
  • #2
    http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice (often called „crabs”) are parasites that live on body hair, usually in the genital area. Occasionally they are found on hair on the legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Pubic lice can be treated with a special shampoo. […] You get pubic lice though close person-to-person contact, including sexual contact. Pubic lice are also spread by sharing bedding, clothing or towels. If you have pubic lice, you can pass it to others even if you dont have symptoms. […] Pubic lice are treated by using a special shampoo that you can buy without a prescription. A pharmacist or health care provider can give you information about how to use the shampoo. […] Your partners should also be treated for pubic lice. Other people living in your house do not need to be treated unless they have shared your bed, clothes or towels. […] It is a good idea to be tested regularly for STIs, especially if you have new sexual partners or open relationships. Talking with partners about safer sex makes sure everyone knows what to expect. Condoms are great if they work for you but they will not stop the spread of pubic lice.
  • #2 Patient education: Pubic lice (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pubic-lice-beyond-the-basics/print
    Pubic lice (crabs) are most often spread from one person to another through sexual contact. Pubic lice can be found in all parts of the world, affecting men and women of all races. […] Your doctor or nurse can diagnose pubic lice by looking at the genital area for lice or their eggs. […] If you are diagnosed with pubic lice, which is a sexually transmitted infection, you should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. […] The recommended treatment for pubic lice is a lotion or cream that is applied to the skin. […] If you are diagnosed with pubic lice, you should tell anyone that you have had sex with during the previous month to get treated.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    In addition to maintaining information about infestation rates for pubic lice, it is also important to determine the level of information susceptible populations may have concerning treatment and transmission. Information about possible co-occurring STD infections and about effective treatment are needed for susceptible populations, such as college students, where sexual activity typically ranges from 70–90%. […] Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #2 Pubic Lice: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention – Skinsight
    https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/pediculosis-pubis-pubic-lice/
    Pubic lice, also known as crab lice or crabs, are wingless, bloodsucking insects that can live and multiply on coarse hair, especially pubic hair. […] Pubic lice infestation (pediculosis pubis) usually causes itching. It is spread by close physical contact or contaminated personal items such as clothing, bedding, or towels. […] Pubic lice infestations may occur with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Pubic lice can affect all races / ethnicities in all levels of society. […] Pubic lice is most frequent in people aged of 15-40 years who are sexually active. […] Your medical professional can suggest the ideal treatment for your situation and advise testing for other STIs.
  • #2 Pubic Lice: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.pubic-lice-care-instructions.abr9617
    Pubic lice can easily spread from one person to another. Pubic lice are usually spread through sexual contact. But sometimes they can spread through shared clothes, bedding, or towels. […] Millions of people get pubic lice every year. It doesn’t mean you’re not clean.
  • #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-crabs-(pubic-lice).aspx
    Pubic lice (called crabs in common parlance) are caused by very tiny insects called Phthirus pubis. These are parasitic insects that live in coarse human body hair such as hair around the groin. […] In the United States, there are an estimated 3 million cases of pubic lice every year. […] Poor personal hygiene is not associated with pubic lice. They are spread through close body contact with an infected person. Sexual contact is the common form of contact that leads to spread of pubic lice spread from person to person. […] Pubic lice infestation is commonly diagnosed based on symptoms reported and examination of the lice and nits in the affected area. […] Prevention of recurrence includes treating household members who are in close contact and sexual partners.
  • #2
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr8715
    Millions of people get pubic lice every year. […] Pubic lice are usually spread through sexual contact. […] Pubic lice can be uncomfortable, but they’re not dangerous. […] There are several over-the-counter medicines that kill pubic lice. […] Avoid sexual contact until you’ve successfully treated the lice. […] Tell all your sex partners from the last month that you have pubic lice.
  • #2 Everything You Need to Know About Crabs
    https://www.vice.com/en/article/crabs-symptoms-treatments-and-facts/
    When it comes to worrisome STDs, pubic lice or crabs as they’re more commonly called probably aren’t on the top of your list. […] Its so rare that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention doesn’t conduct routine monitoring or surveillance for pubic lice, according to Amy Rowland, a CDC spokeswoman. […] From their findings, reports of crabs have declined from 1.8 percent to 0.07 percent in a decade, and 94 percent of the patients with pubic lice had untended genital gardens. […] The increased incidence of hair removal, the researchers concluded, could only lead to the eventual complete eradication of crabs. […] Some accounts estimate that up to 10 percent of the global population have crabs. […] Pubic lice have been infesting human groins for at least three million years. […] While crabs are not always sexually transmitted, most cases are acquired sexually, and STDs in general tend to be more common in those with pubic lice, Wyand says.
  • #2 Crabs on Pubic Hair: Transmission, Bites, STI Screening
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/crabs-std-8640880
    Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis), commonly known as crabs, are tiny, blood-feeding parasites that sometimes live and lay their eggs in body hair, especially pubic hair. Infestations of pubic lice, or pediculosis pubis, are usually transmitted through sexual contact. […] While pediculosis pubis is often a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (sometimes called a sexually transmitted disease, or STD), pubic lice can also spread through other forms of close contact, including sharing personal items such as towels. […] Most of the time, pubic lice spread through sexual contact. […] Usually, pubic lice are transmitted via sexual contact, especially any kind of sexual activity that involves genital-to-genital contact. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people who have pubic lice should also be tested for other STIs.
  • #2 Pubic Lice (Crabs) – Premier Medical Group
    https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/pubic-lice-crabs/
    Pubic lice are diagnosed and treated by Premier Medical Group. […] Pubic lice are usually spread through sexual contact or by contact with certain articles, such as clothing, bed linens, or towels that have been used by somebody else with pubic lice. […] Pubic lice can spread easily and ridding yourself of the infestation is essential. […] Diagnosing pubic lice is an easy process. […] If you can identify a recent sexual partner who might have transmitted pubic lice, it may also be a good idea to check with them. […] A doctor can provide a definitive diagnosis through a range of tests, including microscopic evaluation, urine tests, and blood tests.
  • #2 Crabs or pubic lice | Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights
    https://www.actioncanadashr.org/resources/sexual-health-hub/sexually-transmitted-infections/types-sexually-transmitted-infections/crabs-or-pubic-lice
    Crabs or pubic lice are parasites that are very itchy and live in the pubic hair. You can get them by having close physical contact with someone who has them or by coming into contact with infested bedding, towels, or clothing. The telltale signs are intense itchiness and sometimes the appearance of small black spots or tiny bloodstains in your underwear. […] Transmission of crabs or pubic lice occurs during close physical contact. This can be sexual or non-sexual contact. Transmission can also occur through coming into contact with bedding, towels, or clothing that have been infested. To prevent transmission, where possible, avoid sexual contact or sharing bedding and clothing with anyone with public lice until they are treated. […] Crabs or public lice are treated using creams or shampoos purchased at the pharmacy. Clothing, bedding, and towels need to be washed in hot water. Items that cannot be washed should be vacuumed and/or stored in an air tight bag for up to two weeks. Antihistamines can be used to treat itchiness. […] Testing for crabs or public lice occurs through a visual examination of your pubic area by a health care professional.
  • #2 Pubic Lice Infestation (Crabs): Symptoms, Treatment, Causes
    https://www.healthline.com/health/std/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice infestations are more common among people who have sexually transmitted infections. […] Pubic lice are typically transmitted through intimate contact, including sexual intercourse. […] Call your doctor if you’re showing signs of a pubic lice infestation. […] To prevent a pubic lice infestation, you should avoid sharing clothes, bedding, or towels with anyone who has pubic lice. Sexual contact should also be avoided until treatment is complete and successful. […] Once you’ve been diagnosed with pubic lice, you must inform all current and past sexual partners so that they can be treated as well.
  • #2 STI – Pubic Lice
    https://www.emmagoldman.com/sti-pubiclice.html
    Pubic lice are tiny parasitic organisms that look like insects with segmented torsos and claws for clinging to hair. […] Slightly more women than men become infested with pubic lice. […] A person may suspect lice from a known exposure, through visual identification of lice or eggs, and itching. […] If these indicators are present, they are diagnosed with lice. […] Symptoms: lice may cause irritation ranging from slight discomfort to severe itching; nits or adult lice may be seen on pubic hairs. […] Any sexual contacts should treat for lice as well. […] Warn household members and close contacts about the possibility of contracting lice. However, they will not need to treat unless there is evidence of contamination. […] Pubic Lice: Without water, apply over-the-counter lice treatment shampoo, such as Nix, to all body hair. […] You should treat head and body hair as well as your pubic hair. […] Repeat pubic lice treatment in 7 to 10 days to destroy possible surviving eggs.
  • #3 Pediculosis pubis – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediculosis_pubis
    Infestation with pubic lice is found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups and all levels of society. […] Current worldwide prevalence has been very approximately estimated at two percent of the human population. Accurate numbers are difficult to acquire, because pubic lice infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many governments. Many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by personal physicians, which further adds to the difficulty of producing accurate statistics. […] It has been reported that the trend of pubic hair removal has led to the destruction of the natural habitat of the crab louse populations in some parts of the world, thereby reducing the incidence of the disease.
  • #3
    https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/crabs.html
    In the United States, there are an estimated 3 million cases of crabs every year. […] Pubic („crab”) lice most commonly are spread directly from person to person by sexual contact. […] Prompt, qualified, and appropriate medical intervention and treatment and follow-up are important steps in breaking the disease cycle.
  • #3 Pubic Lice | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/p/pubic-lice.html
    Pubic lice (Phthirus pubis) are small parasitic insects. They mostly live in the genital areas of humans. Pubic lice affect men and women at all levels of society all over the world. […] Some studies are showing pubic lice cases are decreasing because of genital hair removal methods like shaving and waxing. […] Pubic lice spread most often through sexual contact. […] You have an increased risk for pubic lice if you have sexual contact with someone who has them. […] If you have pubic lice, you may also need testing for other sexually transmitted infections. […] Over-the-counter medicines often work well to treat pubic lice. […] Make sure to tell all your sexual partners that you have pubic lice, so they can also be diagnosed and treated.
  • #3 Pubic Lice (Crabs): Bites, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4522-pubic-lice-crabs
    Pubic lice, also called crabs, are tiny insects that live on your pubic hair, near your genitals. Crabs spread from person to person through physical contact. You can get pubic lice anytime your hair comes in contact with another persons infested hair. Most commonly, this happens during sexual intercourse. In rare instances, you can get it by sharing personal items like towels or sheets with someone who has pubic lice. […] Pubic lice are very common. Around the world, people of every race and ethnic group have them. Pubic lice are most common in adults. Every year, about 3 million people in the United States get pubic lice. […] You get genital crabs by coming into close physical contact with a person who has them. The lice crawl from the pubic hair of one person to another. The most common way people catch crabs is by having sex with a person who has them. However, any type of close body contact is enough to spread crabs, even if theres no penetration or intercourse.
  • #3 Pubic lice
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pubic-lice/
    Pubic lice are tiny insects that can live on body hair, especially the pubic hair around the penis or vagina. They’re spread through close body contact, most commonly through sexual contact. […] Pubic lice are sometimes also called crabs. […] Pubic lice are mainly spread by close body contact, most commonly sexual contact. […] The only way to avoid getting them is to avoid having sexual contact (or sharing bedding or clothing) with anyone you know who has pubic lice, until they’ve been treated.
  • #3 Public lice | RefCheckpoint
    https://refcheckpoint.gr/public-lice/
    Sexual health information about pubic lice (also known as crabs), how they are passed on, pubic lice symptoms and treatment. […] Pubic lice often called crabs are very common. […] They usually cause itching, especially at night. […] They live on body hair and feed on blood, but they cannot pass on HIV. […] Body contact during sex is the most common way pubic lice are passed on. […] Unfortunately, using condoms and other forms of contraception will not protect you from getting pubic lice. […] You can treat yourself at home with an insecticide cream, lotion or shampoo such as Lyclear bought from the chemist. […] Avoid sex or close contact until you and your partner have completed your treatment.
  • #3 Pubic lice (crabs) – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health
    https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/bites+stings+and+pests/pubic+lice/pubic+lice+crabs+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention
    Public lice is an infestation of the pubic hair by the pubic or crab louse, Pthirus pubis. In heavy infestations they may be found in other hairy parts of the body, especially the armpits and eyebrows. They are different from head lice. […] Transmission is mostly through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, but they can be spread on bedding, clothing or by close non-sexual body contact. […] While there are living adult lice the lice can be passed on. […] Any sexual partners you have had over the past month need to be examined and treated for pubic lice. […] Condoms do not protect you against pubic lice.
  • #3 Crabs on Pubic Hair: Transmission, Bites, STI Screening
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/crabs-std-8640880
    In rare cases, you can get crabs from nonsexual contact with someone else’s personal items. […] Pubic lice, also known as crabs, are blood-sucking parasitic insects that often get transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse and other forms of sexual contact. […] They can also spread when people share infested clothing, bedding, and other fabrics.
  • #3 Pubic Lice: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.everydayhealth.com/sexual-health/stds/what-is-pubic-lice.aspx
    Anyone can get pubic lice, and getting a diagnosis has nothing to do with your cleanliness or hygiene. […] Infestations of pubic lice are found worldwide and occur in all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic levels. […] Its estimated that 3 million cases of pubic lice are diagnosed in the United States every year. The vast majority of these cases arise through sexual contact, when lice move from the pubic hair of one person to the pubic hair of another. […] Its important to note that sexual intercourse is not the only way to transmit or become infested by pubic lice transmission can happen through contact alone. […] In addition, its rare but possible to acquire pubic lice from sharing clothing, bed linens, or towels with a person who has an active pubic lice infestation. […] But its a myth that you can get pubic lice by sitting on a toilet seat. […] Dogs, cats, and other animals play no role in the transmission of pubic lice.
  • #3 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    Pubic lice infestations are not a reportable condition in the US, but are considered an STD. There have been reports of outbreaks of pubic lice during earlier decades, though reports are not numerous. In countries where military or STD records are widely available, records are more common. […] Because there is evidence of co-occurrence with other STD infections, and because accurate surveillance of ectoparasite levels is valuable in evaluating emerging or changing trends, this study was undertaken to describe self-reported attitudes and behavior concerning lice prevention and treatment (and treatment myths) which will add to the general knowledge of Pthirus pubis infestation in young adults. […] Typical Pthirus pubis infestation burden in the world appears to be approximately 2% of the (mainly) adult population. Records are often related to STD clinic records or to travel data.
  • #3 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/2/592
    In addition to maintaining information about infestation rates for pubic lice, it is also important to determine the level of information susceptible populations may have concerning treatment and transmission. Information about possible co-occurring STD infections and about effective treatment are needed for susceptible populations, such as college students, where sexual activity typically ranges from 70–90%. […] Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #3 Everything You Need to Know About Crabs
    https://www.vice.com/en/article/crabs-symptoms-treatments-and-facts/
    When it comes to worrisome STDs, pubic lice or crabs as they’re more commonly called probably aren’t on the top of your list. […] Its so rare that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention doesn’t conduct routine monitoring or surveillance for pubic lice, according to Amy Rowland, a CDC spokeswoman. […] From their findings, reports of crabs have declined from 1.8 percent to 0.07 percent in a decade, and 94 percent of the patients with pubic lice had untended genital gardens. […] The increased incidence of hair removal, the researchers concluded, could only lead to the eventual complete eradication of crabs. […] Some accounts estimate that up to 10 percent of the global population have crabs. […] Pubic lice have been infesting human groins for at least three million years. […] While crabs are not always sexually transmitted, most cases are acquired sexually, and STDs in general tend to be more common in those with pubic lice, Wyand says.
  • #3 Pubic Lice (Crabs) (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/std-lice.html
    Pubic lice usually spread through sex. Less often, pubic lice is spread by touching infested clothing, towels, and bedding. […] Most people with pubic lice got them through sex or close sexual contact. […] Less often, someone can get pubic lice from sharing clothes, sheets, or towels with someone who has pubic lice. […] Because pubic lice usually spread during sex, not having sex is the best way to avoid them. Not sharing clothing, bedding, or towels also can help lower the risk of getting pubic lice.
  • #3 Pubic Lice Infestation (Crabs): Symptoms, Treatment, Causes
    https://www.healthline.com/health/std/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice infestations are more common among people who have sexually transmitted infections. […] Pubic lice are typically transmitted through intimate contact, including sexual intercourse. […] Call your doctor if you’re showing signs of a pubic lice infestation. […] To prevent a pubic lice infestation, you should avoid sharing clothes, bedding, or towels with anyone who has pubic lice. Sexual contact should also be avoided until treatment is complete and successful. […] Once you’ve been diagnosed with pubic lice, you must inform all current and past sexual partners so that they can be treated as well.
  • #3 Pubic Lice | Texas DSHS
    https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/pubic-lice
    Pubic lice are passed by sexual contact with a person with pubic lice or contact with infested bedding, towels, and clothing. […] Nits and lice are observed on pubic hair. […] Pubic lice are cured with medicated creams, lotions, or shampoos that kill pubic lice. Bedding, towels, and clothing must be machine washed and dried using the heat cycle, dry cleaned, or removed from body contact for at least 72 hours. […] Sex partners and household contacts should be treated at the same time to prevent getting lice again.
  • #3 Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2672365/
    Low levels of pubic lice incidence (nearly 2%) in a sexually active population is within the expectation of a group of young adults as indicated in recent literature of STD clinic surveys. […] Ectoparasitic population dynamics should still be a concern of health scientists, however, in this current climate of worldwide human population homogenization from travel and collaborative work. […] Pubic lice especially warrant attention and continued inclusion in health education for young adults because of their relation to STD infection, and their classification as a sexually transmitted disease.
  • #3 STI – Pubic Lice
    https://www.emmagoldman.com/sti-pubiclice.html
    Pubic lice are tiny parasitic organisms that look like insects with segmented torsos and claws for clinging to hair. […] Slightly more women than men become infested with pubic lice. […] A person may suspect lice from a known exposure, through visual identification of lice or eggs, and itching. […] If these indicators are present, they are diagnosed with lice. […] Symptoms: lice may cause irritation ranging from slight discomfort to severe itching; nits or adult lice may be seen on pubic hairs. […] Any sexual contacts should treat for lice as well. […] Warn household members and close contacts about the possibility of contracting lice. However, they will not need to treat unless there is evidence of contamination. […] Pubic Lice: Without water, apply over-the-counter lice treatment shampoo, such as Nix, to all body hair. […] You should treat head and body hair as well as your pubic hair. […] Repeat pubic lice treatment in 7 to 10 days to destroy possible surviving eggs.
  • #3 Crab louse – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_louse
    The prevalence varies between 0.3% to 4.6% with an estimated average of 2% with an increase during war, disasters and in overcrowding. […] Crab louse infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many health authorities, and many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by physicians. […] Crab louse infestations (pthiriasis) are usually spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults. […] Crab louse infestation is found worldwide and occurs in all races and ethnic groups and in all socio-economic levels. […] Crab louse infestation can be diagnosed by identifying the presence of active stages of the louse, as well as of eggs (nits) on the pubic hair and other hairs of the body.
  • #3 Crabs or pubic lice | Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights
    https://www.actioncanadashr.org/resources/sexual-health-hub/sexually-transmitted-infections/types-sexually-transmitted-infections/crabs-or-pubic-lice
    Crabs or pubic lice are parasites that are very itchy and live in the pubic hair. You can get them by having close physical contact with someone who has them or by coming into contact with infested bedding, towels, or clothing. The telltale signs are intense itchiness and sometimes the appearance of small black spots or tiny bloodstains in your underwear. […] Transmission of crabs or pubic lice occurs during close physical contact. This can be sexual or non-sexual contact. Transmission can also occur through coming into contact with bedding, towels, or clothing that have been infested. To prevent transmission, where possible, avoid sexual contact or sharing bedding and clothing with anyone with public lice until they are treated. […] Crabs or public lice are treated using creams or shampoos purchased at the pharmacy. Clothing, bedding, and towels need to be washed in hot water. Items that cannot be washed should be vacuumed and/or stored in an air tight bag for up to two weeks. Antihistamines can be used to treat itchiness. […] Testing for crabs or public lice occurs through a visual examination of your pubic area by a health care professional.
  • #3 Pubic lice: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000841.htm
    Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs there. These lice can also be found in armpit hair, eyebrows, mustache, beard, around the anus, and eyelashes (in children). […] Pubic lice are most commonly spread during sexual activity. […] You are at greater risk for pubic lice if you: Have many sexual partners (high incidence in men who have sex with men). […] Because pubic lice may cause an eye infection in young children, eyelashes should be looked at with a high-powered magnifying glass. […] Sexual transmission, and potential sexual molestation, should always be considered if pubic lice are found in children. […] Teenagers and adults with pubic lice may need to be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] Avoid sexual or intimate contact with people who have pubic lice until they have been treated.
  • #4 Pubic lice (crabs) | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/pubic-lice-crabs
    Pubic lice (crabs) are usually sexually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact. […] Pubic lice infestation causes no serious harm. […] If you have pubic lice, it is a good idea to be tested for other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). […] Pubic lice are usually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. […] Lice infestation causes no serious harm, but can be irritating. If you have pubic lice, it is a good idea to get tested for other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). […] Any sexual partners you have had over the past month need to be examined and treated. […] Current sexual partners should be treated at the same time as you are. […] Condoms (including internal condoms) do not protect you against pubic lice.

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