Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hamstring injury

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372967

  A hamstring injury involves straining or pulling one of the hamstring muscles the group of three muscles that run along the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring injuries often occur in people who play sports that involves sprinting with sudden stops and starts. Examples include soccer, basketball, football and tennis. Hamstring injuries can occur in runners and in dancers as well. […] Stretching or overloading any one of these muscles beyond its limit can cause injury. […] Sports that require sprinting or running might make a hamstring injury more likely. So might other activities that can require extreme stretching, such as dancing. […] People who have had one hamstring injury are more likely to have another one. This is especially true for people who try to go back to the same activities before the muscles have time to heal.

• #1 Hamstring Muscle Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/hamstring-muscle-injuries/

  Hamstring muscle injuries such as a „pulled hamstring” occur frequently in athletes. They are especially common in athletes who participate in sports that require sprinting, such as track, soccer, basketball, and waterskiing. […] Muscle overload is the main cause of hamstring muscle strain. This can happen when the muscle is stretched beyond its capacity or challenged with a sudden load. […] Hamstring muscle strains often occur when the muscle lengthens as it contracts, or shortens. Although it sounds contradictory, this happens when you extend a muscle while it is weighted, or loaded. This is called an „eccentric contraction.” […] Like strains, hamstring tendon avulsions are also caused by large, sudden loads. […] Several factors can make it more likely you will have a muscle strain, including: Muscle tightness. Tight muscles are vulnerable to strain. Athletes should follow a year-round program of daily stretching exercises.

• #2 Hamstring Injury: Recovering From Thigh and Leg Pain

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hamstring-injury-7567399

  Hamstring injuries occur when you strain or tear one of the muscles in the back of your thigh. These injuries are common, especially in athletes whose sports require sprinting, kicking, and changing directions quickly. […] Hamstring injuries range from a mild strain sometimes called a „pulled hamstring” to a complete tear. These injuries are graded based on their severity: Grade 1: Mild strain with overstretched muscle fibers or microtears; Grade 2: Moderate strain with tearing of more muscle fibers; Grade 3: Complete tear of the muscle or tendons that connect the muscle to bone. […] Anyone participating in a sport or physical activity involving sprinting, slide tackling, or high kicking may experience a hamstring injury. […] Healing time frames for hamstring injuries depend on the extent of muscle damage that has occurred. Generally, a mild strain can recover within 10 days to three weeks. A moderate strain usually takes between three weeks and eight weeks to heal. However, moderate strains can take up to six months to fully heal. […] Grade 3 strains hamstring tears require surgery to fix. […] Hamstring injuries are common in athletes but can affect anyone. These injuries vary in severity and recovery time. The complete tearing of a hamstring muscle or tendon requires surgery to heal.

• #2 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #3 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #3 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  The majority of studies of hamstring injuries during running reported that the hamstrings are most prone to injury during the late swing phase as a result of eccentric loading. […] One study concluded that a hamstring injury is most likely to occur during the stance phase when comparing a normal running technique with a technique in which the subjects run with a forward trunk lean. […] In conclusion, hamstring injuries sustained while running or sprinting are estimated to occur during the late swing phase as a consequence of increased strain on the hamstring muscles.

• #4 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  Hamstring strains are most likely to occur when the hamstring is lengthened, during eccentric contraction, in the terminal swing phase of the gait cycle. […] An acute injury to a hamstring muscle can occur anywhere, but most commonly it occurs in the middle of the muscle, where the tendon and muscle tissues intersect. This area is called myotendinous junction. Less common are injuries in which the hamstring tendon breaks away from the bone. These injuries are called hamstring avulsions and typically occur at the top of the hamstring (proximal hamstring). […] For runners, hamstring injuries most commonly occur in the mid-thigh, along the myotendinous junction of the biceps femoris muscle. This injury typically occurs when the leg extends forward and the foot prepares to hit the ground (heel strike) during high intensity running and cutting activities.

• #5 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #6 Hamstring injury

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hamstring-injury/

  A hamstring injury often happens during sudden, powerful movements, such as sprinting, lunging or jumping that overstretch your tendons or muscles. […] Recurring injury is common in athletes and sportsmen, as you’re more likely to injure your hamstring if you’ve injured it before. […] Regularly doing stretching and strengthening exercises, and warming up before exercise, may help reduce the risk of injuring your hamstring.

• #7 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #8 Hamstring Injury: Hamstring Strain Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/hamstring-strain

  Unfortunately, hamstring strains are both common and painful. They strike athletes of all sorts including runners, skaters, and football, soccer, and basketball players. […] During a hamstring strain, one or more of these muscles gets overloaded. The muscles might even start to tear. Such tears most often happen in the muscle fiber itself or at the point where the muscle attaches to the tendon, which connects to the bones in your pelvis, knee, and lower leg. You’re likely to get a hamstring strain during activities that involve a lot of running and jumping or sudden stopping and starting. […] Getting a hamstring strain is also more likely if: You don’t warm up before exercising. The muscles in the front of your thigh (the quadriceps) are tight as they pull your pelvis forward and tighten the hamstrings. Your glutes are weak. Glutes and hamstrings work together. If your glutes are weak, hamstrings can be overloaded and become strained. […] A hamstring strain is one of the most common and bothersome injuries, especially among athletes who do sports that require sprinting, such as soccer, basketball, and track. Though painful, they frequently get better with minimal treatment. But serious hamstring injuries may need surgery.

• #9 Hamstring Injuries: Grades, Symptoms, & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/sports-medicine/conditions/knee/hamstring-injuries

  Further risk factors for a hamstring injury include: Returning to activity before a hamstring injury has fully healed, A muscle imbalance when the quadriceps are much stronger than the hamstring, Fatigue that leaves hamstring muscles vulnerable, Not warming up before activity or being out of shape for the chosen activity, A hard impact to the muscle.

• #10 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  The majority of studies of hamstring injuries during running reported that the hamstrings are most prone to injury during the late swing phase as a result of eccentric loading. […] One study concluded that a hamstring injury is most likely to occur during the stance phase when comparing a normal running technique with a technique in which the subjects run with a forward trunk lean. […] In conclusion, hamstring injuries sustained while running or sprinting are estimated to occur during the late swing phase as a consequence of increased strain on the hamstring muscles.

• #11

  https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3102/hamstring-injuries

  Hamstring injuries most commonly occur at the myotendinous junction in running athletes as a result of sudden hip flexion and knee extension. […] Mechanism of injury includes intramuscular and musculotendinous injuries, which most often occur during the sudden takeoff phase of running. […] Proximal hamstring avulsions occur as a result of hip flexion and knee extension, specifically during the eccentric contraction of the hamstring at the end of the swing phase when muscle fibers are at maximal elongation. […] Previous hamstring injury increases the risk of reinjury by a factor of 6, as it leads to the formation of weakened scar tissue that lowers the threshold for recurrent injury. […] Risk factors for hamstring injuries include inadequate warm-up, strength imbalance, reduced hip extension, and leg-length differences.

• #12 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #13 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #14 Hamstring Tears: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/hamstring-tears-causes-and-risk-factors

  Dehydration. When someone is dehydrated, the muscles can be more prone to cramping and therefore more prone to injury. […] Existing lower limb injury. If the body is compensating for another lower-limb injury, it can increase the chances of another injury somewhere else in the same or opposite limb. […] Out of all these risk factors, a previous hamstring injury is the most significant risk factor for a recurrent hamstring injury. When compared to healthy individuals, people who have had a previous hamstring injury are 2 to 6 times more likely to suffer a hamstring injury.

• #15 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #16 Pulled hamstring – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulled_hamstring

  Muscle weakness has also been an implication as a predisposing factor for both primary and recurring hamstring strain injuries. […] One of the few predisposing factors that most researchers agree upon however is previous hamstring injury. Brokett et al. (2004) stated that „the athletes most at risk of a hamstring strain are those with a previous history of such injury” and noted that 34% of the hamstring injuries were recurrences.

• #17 Hamstring injury

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372967

  Tired or weak muscles are more likely to be injured. Muscles with poor flexibility might not be able to bear the force of the action that certain activities require. […] Although not all experts agree, some suggest that a muscle imbalance may lead to a hamstring injury. If the quadricep muscles along the front of the thigh are stronger and more developed than the hamstring muscles, injury to the hamstring muscles might be more likely. […] Risk of injury increases with age.

• #18 Hamstring Tendonitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22471-hamstring-tendonitis

  Hamstring tendonitis is usually the result of repetitive stress on the tendons in the back of your thigh. Overuse can make the tendon fibers irritated and inflamed. […] You develop hamstring tendonitis if you overuse or overstretch the tendons. […] Athletes or people who run at fast speeds (especially starting and stopping very quickly) are at highest risk for hamstring tendonitis. […] Studies suggest that athletes between the ages of 16 and 25 are at the highest risk of hamstring injuries. […] Hamstring tendonitis is inflammation in the tendons at the back of your thigh. It’s usually the result of overuse but can also happen due to a sudden hamstring injury.

• #19 Pulled hamstring: Treatment, recovery, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/pulled-hamstring

  According to research in Current Sports Medicine Reports, hamstring pulls are the most common type of muscle strain. A hamstring injury also has a high rate of reoccurrence. […] Anyone can develop a pulled hamstring. But certain factors increase a persons risk, such as participating in sports that require sudden running, sprinting, or stretching, having a hamstring injury in the past, poor flexibility in the hamstring, and muscle imbalance, such as having stronger quadriceps than hamstrings. […] Pulled hamstrings also often occur in teens and young adult athletes. Hamstring injuries peak between 16-25 years of age.

• #20 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #21 Causes of Hamstring Pulls

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/pulled-hamstring/pulled-hamstring-causes.php

  Repetitive sports can injure your hamstring. […] Hamstring pulls are a result of the one or more of the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle, and semimembranosus) being stretched too far. This extra stress placed on the hamstrings can occur during: […] The main cause of hamstring pulls are weak or unconditioned hamstring muscles and poor flexibility. […] Muscle exhaustion decreases your strength, power and endurance which increase your risk for injury. […] Not warming up correctly can increase the risk of hamstring pulls. […] When your hamstrings or hip flexor muscles are tight and not flexibly, your chances for injury are increased. […] Utilizing a poor technique (over-striding in running or walking), improper equipment (old shoes) or hard and uneven training surfaces during activities will often put your body at a higher risk for injury.

• #22 Hamstring Muscle Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/hamstring-muscle-injuries/

  Muscle imbalance. When one muscle group is much stronger than its opposing muscle group, the imbalance can lead to a strain. This frequently happens with the hamstring muscles. The quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh are usually more powerful. During high-speed activities, the hamstring may become fatigued faster than the quadriceps. This fatigue can lead to a strain. […] Poor conditioning. If your muscles are weak, they are less able to cope with the stress of exercise and are more likely to be injured. […] Muscle fatigue. Fatigue reduces the energy-absorbing capabilities of muscle, making them more susceptible to injury. […] Hamstring strains occur more often in adolescents because bones and muscles do not grow at the same rate. During a growth spurt, a child’s bones may grow faster than the muscles. The growing bone pulls the muscle tight. A sudden jump, stretch, or impact can tear the muscle away from its connection to the bone.

• #23 5 Common Pulled Hamstring Symptoms – What Is a Hamstring Strain? – What Causes a Hamstring Strain? – What Does a Hamstring Cramp Feel LIke?

  https://redrocktherapy.com/5-common-symptoms-of-a-hamstring-strain/

  Not warming up properly before exercising. Tight muscles are much more likely to strain than muscles that are kept strong and flexible. […] Being out of shape or overdoing it. Weak muscles are less able to handle the stress of exercise, and muscles that are tired lose some of their ability to absorb energy, making them more likely to get injured. […] An imbalance in the size of your leg muscles. The quadriceps, the muscles at the front of your legs, is often larger and more powerful than your hamstring muscles. When you do an activity that involves running, the hamstring muscles can get tired more quickly than the quadriceps, putting them at greater risk of a strain. […] Poor technique. If you dont have a good running technique, it can increase the stress on your hamstring muscles. […] Returning to activities too quickly after an injury. Hamstring strains need plenty of time and rest to heal completely. Trying to come back from a strain too soon will make you more likely to injure your hamstring again.

• #24 Hamstring injury

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372967

  Tired or weak muscles are more likely to be injured. Muscles with poor flexibility might not be able to bear the force of the action that certain activities require. […] Although not all experts agree, some suggest that a muscle imbalance may lead to a hamstring injury. If the quadricep muscles along the front of the thigh are stronger and more developed than the hamstring muscles, injury to the hamstring muscles might be more likely. […] Risk of injury increases with age.

• #25 Hamstring Tears: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/hamstring-tears-causes-and-risk-factors

  While almost anyone can injure a hamstring muscle, some people are at greater risk than others. The risk factors for hamstring injuries include: […] Previous hamstring injury. People who have suffered a hamstring injury in the past are at the greatest risk of future hamstring injuries. […] Muscle weakness and fatigue. If a muscle is weak or fatigued it can alter a persons biomechanics and may increase risk of injury. […] Lack of flexibility. A muscle that is less pliable may be more likely to be injured. […] Inadequate warm-up. Muscles that have been warmed up will be more flexible and possibly less likely to be injured. […] Muscle imbalance between the hamstrings and quadriceps. The hamstring (back of thigh) and quadriceps (front of thigh) muscle groups must work together. The risk of injury is increased if one muscle group is weaker than the other.

• #26 Hamstring Injuries: Grades, Symptoms, & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/sports-medicine/conditions/knee/hamstring-injuries

  The hamstring muscles and tendons along the back of the thigh play an active role in allowing the leg to bend and stretch. A hamstring injury occurs when the muscles or tendons strain or tear, causing hamstring pain and making mobility difficult. […] Stretching the hamstring beyond the normal range of motion can cause a hamstring injury. Extreme movement during sports can be a factor but so can limited muscle flexibility. […] Hamstring injuries are common in soccer, basketball, football, tennis, or any other sport with a high level of immediate bursts of sprinting and sudden changes of direction. These motions stress the hamstrings and could stretch them too much, increasing the risk of injury. […] A tight, non-flexible hamstring muscle decreases the muscle’s range of motion and increases the chance of the muscle stretching too far during athletic activities, causing a pulled hamstring.

• #27 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #28 Causes of Hamstring Pulls

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/pulled-hamstring/pulled-hamstring-causes.php

  Strength differences (between the hamstring and quadriceps or lower back and pelvis muscles) and poor coordination can increase the risk of a pulled hamstring. […] Tight hamstring muscles often result from not stretching properly before your activities. However, shortened and tightened muscles, spine stiffness and poor flexibility can be hereditary and/or a side-effect of aging; it is seen more frequently in men than women. […] Alignment issues, leg length discrepancies, or overpronation or supination can put a lot of stress on your hamstring muscles and result in a pulled hamstring. […] Repeated hamstring injuries are very common – studies show that once you have a hamstring injury, there is approximately a 30% chance that you will get it again. […] They decrease the function and strength of your hamstring over time, and encourage inflammation, scar tissue and calcification development, so these damaged parts never heal properly. […] Previous injuries to your lower back, pelvis, knees, calf and/or achilles tendon can also instigate a hamstring injury (especially if they haven’t healed properly).

• #29 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #30 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #31 Causes of Hamstring Pulls

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/pulled-hamstring/pulled-hamstring-causes.php

  Strength differences (between the hamstring and quadriceps or lower back and pelvis muscles) and poor coordination can increase the risk of a pulled hamstring. […] Tight hamstring muscles often result from not stretching properly before your activities. However, shortened and tightened muscles, spine stiffness and poor flexibility can be hereditary and/or a side-effect of aging; it is seen more frequently in men than women. […] Alignment issues, leg length discrepancies, or overpronation or supination can put a lot of stress on your hamstring muscles and result in a pulled hamstring. […] Repeated hamstring injuries are very common – studies show that once you have a hamstring injury, there is approximately a 30% chance that you will get it again. […] They decrease the function and strength of your hamstring over time, and encourage inflammation, scar tissue and calcification development, so these damaged parts never heal properly. […] Previous injuries to your lower back, pelvis, knees, calf and/or achilles tendon can also instigate a hamstring injury (especially if they haven’t healed properly).

• #32 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Care & Recovery in KL

  https://www.chiropractic-in-malaysia.com/blog/pulled-hamstring

  Studies show that returning to activity too soon or ignoring biomechanical issues often leads to recurrent muscle strain. […] A complete recovery strategy also addresses underlying contributors like pelvic instability, spinal misalignments, or muscle imbalances. […] Hamstring muscle strain is prevalent among sprinters, hurdlers, long jumpers, footballers, Australian football, and field hockey players. […] The Biceps femoris of the hamstring muscle group is the most commonly injured muscle. […] The musculotendinous part of the biceps femoris is at a higher risk of injury, especially during a sprint. […] This injury usually presents as a non-contact injury. […] Recurrent hip aches and pain are hallmark examples of insufficient healing or pushing one’s body too much or too soon after an injury.

• #33 Hamstring Strain (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hamstring-strain.html

  A hamstring strain typically happens as a result of muscle overload, such as when you’re running and your leg is fully stretched out just before your foot strikes the ground. When your foot strikes the ground and all your weight is on it, the muscles can get stretched too far and may start to tear. […] People who do activities that involve sprinting or jumping (like track and field, soccer, football, lacrosse, basketball, and dance) are more at risk for hamstring strains. These kinds of injuries are also more common during a growth spurt. That’s because the leg bones may grow faster than the muscles, pulling the muscles tight and leaving them more likely to get stretched too far. […] Some of the more common things that can contribute to a hamstring strain include: Not warming up properly before exercising. Tight muscles are much more likely to strain than muscles that are kept stretched and flexible.

• #34 Hamstring Injury: Hamstring Strain Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/hamstring-strain

  Unfortunately, hamstring strains are both common and painful. They strike athletes of all sorts including runners, skaters, and football, soccer, and basketball players. […] During a hamstring strain, one or more of these muscles gets overloaded. The muscles might even start to tear. Such tears most often happen in the muscle fiber itself or at the point where the muscle attaches to the tendon, which connects to the bones in your pelvis, knee, and lower leg. You’re likely to get a hamstring strain during activities that involve a lot of running and jumping or sudden stopping and starting. […] Getting a hamstring strain is also more likely if: You don’t warm up before exercising. The muscles in the front of your thigh (the quadriceps) are tight as they pull your pelvis forward and tighten the hamstrings. Your glutes are weak. Glutes and hamstrings work together. If your glutes are weak, hamstrings can be overloaded and become strained. […] A hamstring strain is one of the most common and bothersome injuries, especially among athletes who do sports that require sprinting, such as soccer, basketball, and track. Though painful, they frequently get better with minimal treatment. But serious hamstring injuries may need surgery.

• #35 Hamstring Muscle Injuries – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/hamstring-muscle-injuries/

  Muscle imbalance. When one muscle group is much stronger than its opposing muscle group, the imbalance can lead to a strain. This frequently happens with the hamstring muscles. The quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh are usually more powerful. During high-speed activities, the hamstring may become fatigued faster than the quadriceps. This fatigue can lead to a strain. […] Poor conditioning. If your muscles are weak, they are less able to cope with the stress of exercise and are more likely to be injured. […] Muscle fatigue. Fatigue reduces the energy-absorbing capabilities of muscle, making them more susceptible to injury. […] Hamstring strains occur more often in adolescents because bones and muscles do not grow at the same rate. During a growth spurt, a child’s bones may grow faster than the muscles. The growing bone pulls the muscle tight. A sudden jump, stretch, or impact can tear the muscle away from its connection to the bone.

• #36 Hamstring Tears: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/hamstring-tears-causes-and-risk-factors

  While almost anyone can injure a hamstring muscle, some people are at greater risk than others. The risk factors for hamstring injuries include: […] Previous hamstring injury. People who have suffered a hamstring injury in the past are at the greatest risk of future hamstring injuries. […] Muscle weakness and fatigue. If a muscle is weak or fatigued it can alter a persons biomechanics and may increase risk of injury. […] Lack of flexibility. A muscle that is less pliable may be more likely to be injured. […] Inadequate warm-up. Muscles that have been warmed up will be more flexible and possibly less likely to be injured. […] Muscle imbalance between the hamstrings and quadriceps. The hamstring (back of thigh) and quadriceps (front of thigh) muscle groups must work together. The risk of injury is increased if one muscle group is weaker than the other.

• #37 Hamstring injury

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372967

  A hamstring injury involves straining or pulling one of the hamstring muscles the group of three muscles that run along the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring injuries often occur in people who play sports that involves sprinting with sudden stops and starts. Examples include soccer, basketball, football and tennis. Hamstring injuries can occur in runners and in dancers as well. […] Stretching or overloading any one of these muscles beyond its limit can cause injury. […] Sports that require sprinting or running might make a hamstring injury more likely. So might other activities that can require extreme stretching, such as dancing. […] People who have had one hamstring injury are more likely to have another one. This is especially true for people who try to go back to the same activities before the muscles have time to heal.

• #38 Hamstring Injury: Recovery Time, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17039-hamstring-injury

  Athletes and people who sprint, climb, jump or lunge are at a higher risk of a painful hamstring injury. […] A hamstring injury is a muscle strain that affects the hamstring muscles at the back of your thigh. Its one of the most common sports injuries. […] Anything that puts too much force on your hamstrings can cause an injury. […] Strains happen when something puts too much force on them and pulls them further than they can stretch. […] Higher-grade hamstring injuries can happen when you slip and fall. […] Suddenly increasing your physical activity level is one of the most common causes of hamstring injuries. […] Youll have a higher chance of injuring your hamstrings if you exert yourself much more than usual, have low flexibility and dont stretch or warm up, ramp up your workout or training routine too quickly, or start a new sport without the right training or equipment. […] Anyone can strain a hamstring, but its more common among athletes, especially if you jump, play contact sports, play sports that require you to move suddenly or explosively, or run.

• #39 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #40 Hamstring Tear Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hamstring-tear

  A hamstring tear injury is a rip in the hamstring muscles. It happens when the hamstrings are overstretched or overloaded with too much weight. Depending on the injury, the hamstring can tear partially or completely. […] Typically, a hamstring tear occurs during physical activity. Common causes include: […] Most torn hamstrings are caused by extreme stretching or overload during a sport. The injury often happens to people who play sports like soccer, football, and ice hockey. […] If you’ve torn your hamstring in the past, you’re more likely to tear it again. The risk is higher if you do intense activity before you’re fully healed. […] Training too hard can overload your hamstrings and cause tears. […] If you have limited flexibility, certain movements may stretch your muscles too far.

• #41 Hamstring Strain (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hamstring-strain.html

  Being out of shape or overdoing it. Weak muscles are less able to handle the stress of exercise, and muscles that are tired lose some of their ability to absorb energy, making them more likely to get injured. […] An imbalance in the strength of the leg muscles. The quadriceps, a group of muscles at the front of the legs, are often stronger and more powerful than the hamstring muscles. When you do an activity that involves running, the hamstring muscles can get tired more quickly than the quadriceps, putting them at greater risk of a strain. […] Poor technique. If you don’t have a good running technique, it can increase the stress on your hamstring muscles. […] Returning to activities too quickly after an injury. Hamstring strains need plenty of time and rest to heal completely. Trying to come back from a strain too soon will make you more likely to injure your hamstring again.

• #42 Lower hamstring tendonitis – Causes, symptoms, treatment, and recovery times

  https://www.sports-injury-physio.com/post/lower-hamstring-tendonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-recovery-times

  Lower hamstring tendonitis is caused by overuse. It can be divided into primary and secondary tendonitis, depending on how the overuse happened. […] Primary low hamstring tendonitis can develop when you overuse your tendons by doing a single training session, race, or match that works them much harder than what they are used to. But it can also develop gradually if you dont allow your tendons enough recovery time in between challenging sessions. […] Common training errors that can lead to primary tendon overload include: A sudden increase in the intensity, frequency, and/or duration of training sessions, races, or matches; Not enough recovery time; Doing a new sport too intensely right from the start. […] Lower hamstring tendonitis is more common in sports or activities that require repetitive flexion and extension of the knee, especially when it is done with high force.

• #43 Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT) – also known as high hamstring pain. | Complete Physio

  https://complete-physio.co.uk/proximal-hamstring-tendinopathy-pht-also-known-as-high-hamstring-pain/

  Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT), also known as high hamstring tendinopathy, is inflammation in the tendons at the back of your thigh. […] Hamstring tendinopathy occurs when the tendon is overused or overloaded. The exact cause is unknown but research suggests that it is related to repetitive strain, and overload of the tendon. […] Tendons are designed to withstand high, repetitive loading; however when the hamstring tendon is subjected to excessive, high-intensity activity, it sustains small micro-tears, which causes inflammatory chemicals and swelling (tendonitis). […] The Hamstrings are prone to this type of overuse injury as they control the slowing down of a straight knee during activities such as long distance running, sprinting, hill climbing/running or kicking. […] In some cases, pain can be elicited with the compressive force on the hamstring insertion from sitting for long periods of time.

• #44 Hamstring Tears: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/hamstring-tears-causes-and-risk-factors

  Dehydration. When someone is dehydrated, the muscles can be more prone to cramping and therefore more prone to injury. […] Existing lower limb injury. If the body is compensating for another lower-limb injury, it can increase the chances of another injury somewhere else in the same or opposite limb. […] Out of all these risk factors, a previous hamstring injury is the most significant risk factor for a recurrent hamstring injury. When compared to healthy individuals, people who have had a previous hamstring injury are 2 to 6 times more likely to suffer a hamstring injury.

• #45 Hamstring Injury Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/hamstring-injury

  Hamstrings are an important set of muscles in your leg. They run behind the thigh, and their purpose is to bend and stretch the knee. One of the most common reasons for a hamstring injury is overstretching the muscle. It is common among sports players. Sports such as football, basketball, soccer, etc., involve sprinting across a large field. During these games, the players also have to pause and start rerunning multiple times. This can pull your hamstrings beyond the limit in some scenarios, resulting in a tear or injury. […] Beginning an intense physical activity without warming up your leg muscles is another cause. A hamstring injury can also result from a direct blow to the muscle. Insufficient pre-conditioning program before participating in an activity can be another reason. High-intensity workouts can also fatigue your muscles and make them weak. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can contribute to the weakness of muscles.

• #46 Causes of Hamstring Injuries (Tear/Rupture) | David Slattery

  https://davidslattery.com/hip-conditions/hamstring/description/

  One of the most common hip injuries is a hamstring tear or rupture. It commonly occurs in kicking athletes, waterskiiers, or after accidents due to knee extension and hip flexion. […] The hamstring tendons are normally injured through powerful eccentric contraction (the muscle tightening while it is lengthening). This may occur during sprinting or hurdling, or else a fall with the leg extended (knee straight and thigh near the chest) doing the splits. The classical mechanism is a waterskiier who falls with the knee straight in front of their body. […] Types of Hamstring Injuries include: Pelvic bone avulsion: teenagers where the tendon is stronger than the bone, and the tendon pulls off part of the ischium (pelvic bone); Sprains/Strains: where the tendon is intact, but the microfibers may be torn (pulling a hammy); Partial Tears: where the tendon/muscle has been partially torn, and some of it is still intact; Complete Tears: where the tendon has completely torn and the two ends do not meet, the two ends of the tendon may be pulled apart (retraction).

• #47 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  When a tendon tears away from the place it inserts into a bone, it is called an avulsion injury. Avulsion literally means to pull or tear away. Sometimes the tendon can pull away a small bone fragment, usually from the ischial tuberosity. Avulsion injuries can happen at the top (proximal origin) or the bottom (distal insertion) of a hamstring muscle, but are more likely proximally at the hamstring origin.

• #48 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  Hamstring strains are most likely to occur when the hamstring is lengthened, during eccentric contraction, in the terminal swing phase of the gait cycle. […] An acute injury to a hamstring muscle can occur anywhere, but most commonly it occurs in the middle of the muscle, where the tendon and muscle tissues intersect. This area is called myotendinous junction. Less common are injuries in which the hamstring tendon breaks away from the bone. These injuries are called hamstring avulsions and typically occur at the top of the hamstring (proximal hamstring). […] For runners, hamstring injuries most commonly occur in the mid-thigh, along the myotendinous junction of the biceps femoris muscle. This injury typically occurs when the leg extends forward and the foot prepares to hit the ground (heel strike) during high intensity running and cutting activities.

• #49 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Care & Recovery in KL

  https://www.chiropractic-in-malaysia.com/blog/pulled-hamstring

  Studies show that returning to activity too soon or ignoring biomechanical issues often leads to recurrent muscle strain. […] A complete recovery strategy also addresses underlying contributors like pelvic instability, spinal misalignments, or muscle imbalances. […] Hamstring muscle strain is prevalent among sprinters, hurdlers, long jumpers, footballers, Australian football, and field hockey players. […] The Biceps femoris of the hamstring muscle group is the most commonly injured muscle. […] The musculotendinous part of the biceps femoris is at a higher risk of injury, especially during a sprint. […] This injury usually presents as a non-contact injury. […] Recurrent hip aches and pain are hallmark examples of insufficient healing or pushing one’s body too much or too soon after an injury.

• #50 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  When a tendon tears away from the place it inserts into a bone, it is called an avulsion injury. Avulsion literally means to pull or tear away. Sometimes the tendon can pull away a small bone fragment, usually from the ischial tuberosity. Avulsion injuries can happen at the top (proximal origin) or the bottom (distal insertion) of a hamstring muscle, but are more likely proximally at the hamstring origin.

• #51 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/pulled_hamstring/article_em.htm

  A pulled hamstring is a strain of one or more of the hamstring muscles. Muscle fibers of the hamstring can become strained or torn during running, kicking, or even walking down steps. When a hamstring muscle is pulled, the muscle fibers are abruptly stretched. Depending on the severity of the strain injury, the muscle can actually tear and many people can hear and feel an audible „pop” when the muscle is damaged. […] The hamstring pull may occur anywhere along the muscle tendon, however it most commonly occurs in the middle of the hamstring muscle. […] As people age, the tendon can be injured when it inserts into the ischial tuberosity in the pelvis and cause groin or hip symptoms. On occasion, the tendon injury can pull a small part of bone away from the pelvic bone where the tendon inserts.

• #52 Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT) – also known as high hamstring pain. | Complete Physio

  https://complete-physio.co.uk/proximal-hamstring-tendinopathy-pht-also-known-as-high-hamstring-pain/

  Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT), also known as high hamstring tendinopathy, is inflammation in the tendons at the back of your thigh. […] Hamstring tendinopathy occurs when the tendon is overused or overloaded. The exact cause is unknown but research suggests that it is related to repetitive strain, and overload of the tendon. […] Tendons are designed to withstand high, repetitive loading; however when the hamstring tendon is subjected to excessive, high-intensity activity, it sustains small micro-tears, which causes inflammatory chemicals and swelling (tendonitis). […] The Hamstrings are prone to this type of overuse injury as they control the slowing down of a straight knee during activities such as long distance running, sprinting, hill climbing/running or kicking. […] In some cases, pain can be elicited with the compressive force on the hamstring insertion from sitting for long periods of time.

• #53 Chronic Hamstring Tendinopathy Boston, MA | Thigh Pain Waltham, Dedham, MA

  https://www.suzannemillermd.com/hamstring-tendinopathy-orthopedic-specialist-waltham-dedham-ma/

  Chronic hamstring tendinopathy is a condition characterized by a deep pain in the buttocks and upper part of the back of the thigh. […] Due to continual physical activity, these tendons undergo degenerative and inflammatory changes, causing pain in this area and are susceptibility to injury. […] There are several factors that can lead to chronic hamstring tendinopathy. These include: […] Increased age, Reduced flexibility, Being overweight, History of a previous hamstring tendon injury, Tendinitis (Inflammation of tendon), Pelvic dysfunction, Stiffness in the hip, Autoimmune disease. […] Repetitive movements such as running, biking, or rowing, Improper training or overtraining, Poor warmup, Muscle fatigue, Environmental factors.

• #54 Hamstring injury

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372967

  A hamstring injury involves straining or pulling one of the hamstring muscles the group of three muscles that run along the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring injuries often occur in people who play sports that involves sprinting with sudden stops and starts. Examples include soccer, basketball, football and tennis. Hamstring injuries can occur in runners and in dancers as well. […] Stretching or overloading any one of these muscles beyond its limit can cause injury. […] Sports that require sprinting or running might make a hamstring injury more likely. So might other activities that can require extreme stretching, such as dancing. […] People who have had one hamstring injury are more likely to have another one. This is especially true for people who try to go back to the same activities before the muscles have time to heal.

• #55 Hamstring Injury: Recovery Time, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17039-hamstring-injury

  Athletes and people who sprint, climb, jump or lunge are at a higher risk of a painful hamstring injury. […] A hamstring injury is a muscle strain that affects the hamstring muscles at the back of your thigh. Its one of the most common sports injuries. […] Anything that puts too much force on your hamstrings can cause an injury. […] Strains happen when something puts too much force on them and pulls them further than they can stretch. […] Higher-grade hamstring injuries can happen when you slip and fall. […] Suddenly increasing your physical activity level is one of the most common causes of hamstring injuries. […] Youll have a higher chance of injuring your hamstrings if you exert yourself much more than usual, have low flexibility and dont stretch or warm up, ramp up your workout or training routine too quickly, or start a new sport without the right training or equipment. […] Anyone can strain a hamstring, but its more common among athletes, especially if you jump, play contact sports, play sports that require you to move suddenly or explosively, or run.

• #56 Hamstring Injury: Hamstring Strain Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/hamstring-strain

  Unfortunately, hamstring strains are both common and painful. They strike athletes of all sorts including runners, skaters, and football, soccer, and basketball players. […] During a hamstring strain, one or more of these muscles gets overloaded. The muscles might even start to tear. Such tears most often happen in the muscle fiber itself or at the point where the muscle attaches to the tendon, which connects to the bones in your pelvis, knee, and lower leg. You’re likely to get a hamstring strain during activities that involve a lot of running and jumping or sudden stopping and starting. […] Getting a hamstring strain is also more likely if: You don’t warm up before exercising. The muscles in the front of your thigh (the quadriceps) are tight as they pull your pelvis forward and tighten the hamstrings. Your glutes are weak. Glutes and hamstrings work together. If your glutes are weak, hamstrings can be overloaded and become strained. […] A hamstring strain is one of the most common and bothersome injuries, especially among athletes who do sports that require sprinting, such as soccer, basketball, and track. Though painful, they frequently get better with minimal treatment. But serious hamstring injuries may need surgery.

• #57 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #58 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #59 Hamstring Tear Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hamstring-tear

  In addition to athletes, older people are prone to hamstring tears. That’s because flexibility often declines with age. […] Adolescent athletes, who are still growing, are also at risk. Since bone and muscle grow at different rates, the growing bone can tighten the hamstring muscles, making them more susceptible to injury. […] Most hamstring tears are caused by athletic injuries.

• #60 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Care & Recovery in KL

  https://www.chiropractic-in-malaysia.com/blog/pulled-hamstring

  Studies show that returning to activity too soon or ignoring biomechanical issues often leads to recurrent muscle strain. […] A complete recovery strategy also addresses underlying contributors like pelvic instability, spinal misalignments, or muscle imbalances. […] Hamstring muscle strain is prevalent among sprinters, hurdlers, long jumpers, footballers, Australian football, and field hockey players. […] The Biceps femoris of the hamstring muscle group is the most commonly injured muscle. […] The musculotendinous part of the biceps femoris is at a higher risk of injury, especially during a sprint. […] This injury usually presents as a non-contact injury. […] Recurrent hip aches and pain are hallmark examples of insufficient healing or pushing one’s body too much or too soon after an injury.

• #61 Hamstring Injury Recovery Time, Treatment, Symptoms, Exercises

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hamstring_injury/article.htm

  Hamstring injuries are muscle strain injuries. They are typically caused by rapid acceleration activities when running or initiating running activity. These injuries are common in sports such as soccer, football, and track. […] Given the function of these muscles, it should not be surprising that grade III injuries most frequently occur in the athletically active. […] Any activity that is associated with sudden acceleration when initiating or during running can lead to a hamstring injury. Common athletic activities where hamstring injuries occur include track and field events with running and sprinting, football, baseball, soccer, and tennis. […] There is no foolproof way to completely avoid hamstring injuries. However, the risks can be minimized by paying attention to the principles of muscle strength and flexibility. Individual flexibility should be maximized by a regular stretching program as well as a period of warm-up and stretching before the intended athletic activity. […] Optimal individual hamstring strength is at least half of the strength of the quadriceps muscle (muscle of the front of the thigh). Also, there should be minimal imbalance in strength between the right and left legs (the injured hamstrings should be about 90% as strong as the uninjured hamstrings).

• #62 Hamstring Injuries: Grades, Symptoms, & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/sports-medicine/conditions/knee/hamstring-injuries

  The hamstring muscles and tendons along the back of the thigh play an active role in allowing the leg to bend and stretch. A hamstring injury occurs when the muscles or tendons strain or tear, causing hamstring pain and making mobility difficult. […] Stretching the hamstring beyond the normal range of motion can cause a hamstring injury. Extreme movement during sports can be a factor but so can limited muscle flexibility. […] Hamstring injuries are common in soccer, basketball, football, tennis, or any other sport with a high level of immediate bursts of sprinting and sudden changes of direction. These motions stress the hamstrings and could stretch them too much, increasing the risk of injury. […] A tight, non-flexible hamstring muscle decreases the muscle’s range of motion and increases the chance of the muscle stretching too far during athletic activities, causing a pulled hamstring.

• #63 Hamstring Strain – Causes, Treatment & Exercises – Sportsinjuryclinic.net

  https://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/thigh-pain/back-thigh/hamstring-strain

  A hamstring strain or pulled hamstring is a tear to one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring strains usually occur in two different ways. They are either sprinting-related or stretch related for example in martial arts, gymnastics, or dancing. […] During sprinting the hamstring muscles work extremely hard. In particular, at a point just before the foot strikes the ground they decelerate the tibia (shin) very quickly. It is at this point that the hamstring is most likely to tear. […] Sprint-related hamstring injuries usually occur lower down the biceps femoris muscle. More specifically, where the muscle joins to the tendon. […] Stretch-related injuries usually occur higher up at the back of the thigh. Most commonly the in the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.

• #64 Causes of Hamstring Injuries (Tear/Rupture) | David Slattery

  https://davidslattery.com/hip-conditions/hamstring/description/

  One of the most common hip injuries is a hamstring tear or rupture. It commonly occurs in kicking athletes, waterskiiers, or after accidents due to knee extension and hip flexion. […] The hamstring tendons are normally injured through powerful eccentric contraction (the muscle tightening while it is lengthening). This may occur during sprinting or hurdling, or else a fall with the leg extended (knee straight and thigh near the chest) doing the splits. The classical mechanism is a waterskiier who falls with the knee straight in front of their body. […] Types of Hamstring Injuries include: Pelvic bone avulsion: teenagers where the tendon is stronger than the bone, and the tendon pulls off part of the ischium (pelvic bone); Sprains/Strains: where the tendon is intact, but the microfibers may be torn (pulling a hammy); Partial Tears: where the tendon/muscle has been partially torn, and some of it is still intact; Complete Tears: where the tendon has completely torn and the two ends do not meet, the two ends of the tendon may be pulled apart (retraction).

• #65 Hamstring Injury: Hamstring Strain Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/hamstring-strain

  Unfortunately, hamstring strains are both common and painful. They strike athletes of all sorts including runners, skaters, and football, soccer, and basketball players. […] During a hamstring strain, one or more of these muscles gets overloaded. The muscles might even start to tear. Such tears most often happen in the muscle fiber itself or at the point where the muscle attaches to the tendon, which connects to the bones in your pelvis, knee, and lower leg. You’re likely to get a hamstring strain during activities that involve a lot of running and jumping or sudden stopping and starting. […] Getting a hamstring strain is also more likely if: You don’t warm up before exercising. The muscles in the front of your thigh (the quadriceps) are tight as they pull your pelvis forward and tighten the hamstrings. Your glutes are weak. Glutes and hamstrings work together. If your glutes are weak, hamstrings can be overloaded and become strained. […] A hamstring strain is one of the most common and bothersome injuries, especially among athletes who do sports that require sprinting, such as soccer, basketball, and track. Though painful, they frequently get better with minimal treatment. But serious hamstring injuries may need surgery.

• #66 Causes of Hamstring Strain

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/hamstring-strain/hamstring-strain-causes.php

  Weak hamstring muscles also play a role in knee or low back injuries (cause your pelvis to tilt abnormally). If you allow hamstring injuries to persist they can lead to repeated injury, periostitis (inflammation of the periosteum), and prolonged disability. […] Most Hamstring injuries happen while playing sports, such as soccer or football. Once you have suffered one Hamstring injury, there is a very good chance you will suffer another Hamstring injury.

• #67 Causes of Hamstring Pulls

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/pulled-hamstring/pulled-hamstring-causes.php

  Strength differences (between the hamstring and quadriceps or lower back and pelvis muscles) and poor coordination can increase the risk of a pulled hamstring. […] Tight hamstring muscles often result from not stretching properly before your activities. However, shortened and tightened muscles, spine stiffness and poor flexibility can be hereditary and/or a side-effect of aging; it is seen more frequently in men than women. […] Alignment issues, leg length discrepancies, or overpronation or supination can put a lot of stress on your hamstring muscles and result in a pulled hamstring. […] Repeated hamstring injuries are very common – studies show that once you have a hamstring injury, there is approximately a 30% chance that you will get it again. […] They decrease the function and strength of your hamstring over time, and encourage inflammation, scar tissue and calcification development, so these damaged parts never heal properly. […] Previous injuries to your lower back, pelvis, knees, calf and/or achilles tendon can also instigate a hamstring injury (especially if they haven’t healed properly).

• #68 Hamstring injury

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hamstring-injury/

  A hamstring injury often happens during sudden, powerful movements, such as sprinting, lunging or jumping that overstretch your tendons or muscles. […] Recurring injury is common in athletes and sportsmen, as you’re more likely to injure your hamstring if you’ve injured it before. […] Regularly doing stretching and strengthening exercises, and warming up before exercise, may help reduce the risk of injuring your hamstring.

• #69 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Resurgens Orthopaedics

  https://www.resurgens.com/education/hamstring-injuries

  Hamstring injuries result from a high impact on the back of the thighs. These injuries range from pulls to tears to complete muscle separation. […] While many factors cause hamstring injuries, often high-impact activities contribute most directly to this type of injury. Sports like running, sprinting, gymnastics, dancing, and similar athletic activities are leading causes of hamstring tears. […] Lack of flexibility in a patient’s muscles or muscle imbalance may also contribute to muscle strain in the hamstring injuries. Typically, strains caused by weakened muscles develop gradually, while strains caused by physical activity occur suddenly. […] Returning to such activities after a hamstring injury has occurred may put you at risk of developing consecutive injuries.

• #70 Proximal Hamstring Tear Symptoms | Benjamin Domb MD

  https://www.benjamindombmd.com/blog/proximal-hamstring-tear-symptoms/?bp=35110

  A proximal hamstring tear typically occurs during strenuous physical activities, such as running or sprinting, and is usually caused by intense overload or overstretching of the tendon. […] If a tear isn’t identified and treated early on, it may lead to long-term issues and chronic pain. […] The proximal hamstring tendon is also responsible for keeping your hips aligned. If a tear isn’t identified and treated right away, it leads to other musculoskeletal issues, including hip impingement, knee instability, and even lower back pain.

• #71 Causes of Hamstring Pulls

  https://aidyourhamstring.com/pulled-hamstring/pulled-hamstring-causes.php

  Strength differences (between the hamstring and quadriceps or lower back and pelvis muscles) and poor coordination can increase the risk of a pulled hamstring. […] Tight hamstring muscles often result from not stretching properly before your activities. However, shortened and tightened muscles, spine stiffness and poor flexibility can be hereditary and/or a side-effect of aging; it is seen more frequently in men than women. […] Alignment issues, leg length discrepancies, or overpronation or supination can put a lot of stress on your hamstring muscles and result in a pulled hamstring. […] Repeated hamstring injuries are very common – studies show that once you have a hamstring injury, there is approximately a 30% chance that you will get it again. […] They decrease the function and strength of your hamstring over time, and encourage inflammation, scar tissue and calcification development, so these damaged parts never heal properly. […] Previous injuries to your lower back, pelvis, knees, calf and/or achilles tendon can also instigate a hamstring injury (especially if they haven’t healed properly).

• #72 Hamstring Tears: Understanding Recurrent Issues

  https://corehealthcare.com.au/recurrent-hamstring-tears/

  Hamstring injuries are one of the most common injuries sustained, not only amongst sporting populations but within general exercise and activity-based individuals. […] Some of the more common causes that may increase the chances of experiencing more than one, or recurrent, hamstring tears are factors such as age, strength imbalances, lack of flexibility, previous injury, and the type of exercise or sport you play. […] The highest risk factor for having a hamstring strain is previously having sustained a hamstring strain. […] It is important to note that often there are other factors contributing to recurrent hamstring tears. Weakness of core muscle stabilisers around your lower back and gluteal region can often cause an overload or irritation of your sciatic nerve.

• #73 Can A Hamstring Injury Cause Knee Pain? – Paul Kiritsis, MD – Richmond, VA Premier Orthopedic Surgeon

  https://kneeandshouldersurgery.com/can-hamstring-injury-cause-knee-pain/

  Tight hamstrings, in particular, can increase stress on the knee joint. This added stress can exacerbate conditions like patellofemoral pain syndrome or even contribute to the development of osteoarthritis in the knee. […] Recognizing the symptoms of hamstring-related knee pain is the first step toward effective treatment. Common symptoms include swelling, bruising, stiffness, weakness, a popping sensation, and tenderness around the knee joint. […] Hamstring tendonitis, specifically, manifests as pain or swelling at the back of the thigh, which can radiate down to the knee. […] Understanding the intricate link between hamstring injuries and knee pain is important for both prevention and effective treatment. By recognizing the symptoms, seeking timely diagnosis, and following appropriate treatment plans, individuals can manage these injuries and prevent long-term complications. […] Indeed, hamstring injuries can lead to knee pain, as the hamstrings play a vital role in stabilizing the knee joint during movement. Addressing hamstring injuries is essential for preventing knee discomfort.

• #74 Proximal Hamstring Tear Symptoms | Benjamin Domb MD

  https://www.benjamindombmd.com/blog/proximal-hamstring-tear-symptoms/?bp=35110

  A proximal hamstring tear typically occurs during strenuous physical activities, such as running or sprinting, and is usually caused by intense overload or overstretching of the tendon. […] If a tear isn’t identified and treated early on, it may lead to long-term issues and chronic pain. […] The proximal hamstring tendon is also responsible for keeping your hips aligned. If a tear isn’t identified and treated right away, it leads to other musculoskeletal issues, including hip impingement, knee instability, and even lower back pain.

• #75 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Care & Recovery in KL

  https://www.chiropractic-in-malaysia.com/blog/pulled-hamstring

  Pulled hamstring injuries are more than just a muscle strain. With the right care, recovery can begin without surgery or invasive methods. […] Pulled hamstring concerns are among the most common muscle-related injuries, especially in active individuals or athletes. […] Whether caused by overuse, overstretching, or spinal imbalances, our approach prioritizes biomechanical assessments and personalized programs to support long-term improvement and injury prevention. […] A pulled or strained hamstring muscle is a common injury in sports. However, thigh discomfort can also occur when spinal nerves are compressed or pinched. […] Other causes of a painful thigh include sciatica, spondylolisthesis, and spondylosis. […] Re-injury is common after a pulled hamstring, especially when care is incomplete or recovery is rushed.

• #76 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #77 Hamstring Strain – Causes, Treatment & Exercises – Sportsinjuryclinic.net

  https://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/thigh-pain/back-thigh/hamstring-strain

  A hamstring strain or pulled hamstring is a tear to one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring strains usually occur in two different ways. They are either sprinting-related or stretch related for example in martial arts, gymnastics, or dancing. […] During sprinting the hamstring muscles work extremely hard. In particular, at a point just before the foot strikes the ground they decelerate the tibia (shin) very quickly. It is at this point that the hamstring is most likely to tear. […] Sprint-related hamstring injuries usually occur lower down the biceps femoris muscle. More specifically, where the muscle joins to the tendon. […] Stretch-related injuries usually occur higher up at the back of the thigh. Most commonly the in the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.

• #78 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  The majority of studies of hamstring injuries during running reported that the hamstrings are most prone to injury during the late swing phase as a result of eccentric loading. […] One study concluded that a hamstring injury is most likely to occur during the stance phase when comparing a normal running technique with a technique in which the subjects run with a forward trunk lean. […] In conclusion, hamstring injuries sustained while running or sprinting are estimated to occur during the late swing phase as a consequence of increased strain on the hamstring muscles.

• #79 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  Hamstring strains are most likely to occur when the hamstring is lengthened, during eccentric contraction, in the terminal swing phase of the gait cycle. […] An acute injury to a hamstring muscle can occur anywhere, but most commonly it occurs in the middle of the muscle, where the tendon and muscle tissues intersect. This area is called myotendinous junction. Less common are injuries in which the hamstring tendon breaks away from the bone. These injuries are called hamstring avulsions and typically occur at the top of the hamstring (proximal hamstring). […] For runners, hamstring injuries most commonly occur in the mid-thigh, along the myotendinous junction of the biceps femoris muscle. This injury typically occurs when the leg extends forward and the foot prepares to hit the ground (heel strike) during high intensity running and cutting activities.

• #80 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #81 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  The majority of studies of hamstring injuries during running reported that the hamstrings are most prone to injury during the late swing phase as a result of eccentric loading. […] One study concluded that a hamstring injury is most likely to occur during the stance phase when comparing a normal running technique with a technique in which the subjects run with a forward trunk lean. […] In conclusion, hamstring injuries sustained while running or sprinting are estimated to occur during the late swing phase as a consequence of increased strain on the hamstring muscles.

• #82 Pulled Hamstring: Causes, Care & Recovery in KL

  https://www.chiropractic-in-malaysia.com/blog/pulled-hamstring

  Studies show that returning to activity too soon or ignoring biomechanical issues often leads to recurrent muscle strain. […] A complete recovery strategy also addresses underlying contributors like pelvic instability, spinal misalignments, or muscle imbalances. […] Hamstring muscle strain is prevalent among sprinters, hurdlers, long jumpers, footballers, Australian football, and field hockey players. […] The Biceps femoris of the hamstring muscle group is the most commonly injured muscle. […] The musculotendinous part of the biceps femoris is at a higher risk of injury, especially during a sprint. […] This injury usually presents as a non-contact injury. […] Recurrent hip aches and pain are hallmark examples of insufficient healing or pushing one’s body too much or too soon after an injury.

• #83 How Do Hamstring Tears Occur?

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/how-do-hamstring-tears-occur

  Hamstring strains are most likely to occur when the hamstring is lengthened, during eccentric contraction, in the terminal swing phase of the gait cycle. […] An acute injury to a hamstring muscle can occur anywhere, but most commonly it occurs in the middle of the muscle, where the tendon and muscle tissues intersect. This area is called myotendinous junction. Less common are injuries in which the hamstring tendon breaks away from the bone. These injuries are called hamstring avulsions and typically occur at the top of the hamstring (proximal hamstring). […] For runners, hamstring injuries most commonly occur in the mid-thigh, along the myotendinous junction of the biceps femoris muscle. This injury typically occurs when the leg extends forward and the foot prepares to hit the ground (heel strike) during high intensity running and cutting activities.

• #84 5 Common Pulled Hamstring Symptoms – What Is a Hamstring Strain? – What Causes a Hamstring Strain? – What Does a Hamstring Cramp Feel LIke?

  https://redrocktherapy.com/5-common-symptoms-of-a-hamstring-strain/

  A hamstring strain generally occurs as a result of muscle overload, such as when you are running and your leg is fully stretched out just before your foot strikes the ground. When your foot strikes the ground and all your weight is on it, the muscles can get stretched too far and then may start to tear. […] People who take part in certain activities that involve sprinting or jumping (like track and field, soccer, football, lacrosse, basketball, and dance) are more at risk of getting hamstring strains. These kinds of injuries are also more common in teens who are going through growth spurts. Thats because the leg bones may grow faster than a persons muscles, pulling the muscles tight and leaving them more susceptible to getting stretched too far. […] Some of the more common things that can contribute to a hamstring strain include:

• #85 Hamstring Strain – Causes, Treatment & Exercises – Sportsinjuryclinic.net

  https://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/thigh-pain/back-thigh/hamstring-strain

  A hamstring strain or pulled hamstring is a tear to one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring strains usually occur in two different ways. They are either sprinting-related or stretch related for example in martial arts, gymnastics, or dancing. […] During sprinting the hamstring muscles work extremely hard. In particular, at a point just before the foot strikes the ground they decelerate the tibia (shin) very quickly. It is at this point that the hamstring is most likely to tear. […] Sprint-related hamstring injuries usually occur lower down the biceps femoris muscle. More specifically, where the muscle joins to the tendon. […] Stretch-related injuries usually occur higher up at the back of the thigh. Most commonly the in the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.

• #86 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #87 Hamstring Strain – Causes, Treatment & Exercises – Sportsinjuryclinic.net

  https://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/thigh-pain/back-thigh/hamstring-strain

  A hamstring strain or pulled hamstring is a tear to one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring strains usually occur in two different ways. They are either sprinting-related or stretch related for example in martial arts, gymnastics, or dancing. […] During sprinting the hamstring muscles work extremely hard. In particular, at a point just before the foot strikes the ground they decelerate the tibia (shin) very quickly. It is at this point that the hamstring is most likely to tear. […] Sprint-related hamstring injuries usually occur lower down the biceps femoris muscle. More specifically, where the muscle joins to the tendon. […] Stretch-related injuries usually occur higher up at the back of the thigh. Most commonly the in the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.

• #88 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  Injuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined. […] All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension.

• #89 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #90 Hamstring Strain – Causes, Treatment & Exercises – Sportsinjuryclinic.net

  https://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/thigh-pain/back-thigh/hamstring-strain

  A hamstring strain or pulled hamstring is a tear to one of the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh. […] Hamstring strains usually occur in two different ways. They are either sprinting-related or stretch related for example in martial arts, gymnastics, or dancing. […] During sprinting the hamstring muscles work extremely hard. In particular, at a point just before the foot strikes the ground they decelerate the tibia (shin) very quickly. It is at this point that the hamstring is most likely to tear. […] Sprint-related hamstring injuries usually occur lower down the biceps femoris muscle. More specifically, where the muscle joins to the tendon. […] Stretch-related injuries usually occur higher up at the back of the thigh. Most commonly the in the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.

• #91 Causes of Hamstring Injuries (Tear/Rupture) | David Slattery

  https://davidslattery.com/hip-conditions/hamstring/description/

  One of the most common hip injuries is a hamstring tear or rupture. It commonly occurs in kicking athletes, waterskiiers, or after accidents due to knee extension and hip flexion. […] The hamstring tendons are normally injured through powerful eccentric contraction (the muscle tightening while it is lengthening). This may occur during sprinting or hurdling, or else a fall with the leg extended (knee straight and thigh near the chest) doing the splits. The classical mechanism is a waterskiier who falls with the knee straight in front of their body. […] Types of Hamstring Injuries include: Pelvic bone avulsion: teenagers where the tendon is stronger than the bone, and the tendon pulls off part of the ischium (pelvic bone); Sprains/Strains: where the tendon is intact, but the microfibers may be torn (pulling a hammy); Partial Tears: where the tendon/muscle has been partially torn, and some of it is still intact; Complete Tears: where the tendon has completely torn and the two ends do not meet, the two ends of the tendon may be pulled apart (retraction).

• #92 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #93 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #94 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #95 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #96 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #97 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #98 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running.

• #99 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  A university study performed by eliminating the previous history of a hamstring strain concluded that high-speed running and maximum stretch of the hamstring during contact sports, hurdle jumping, falling, or dancing are associated with an increased risk of an injury. […] In a Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) study analyzing the risk of hamstring injury in professional soccer players, previous hamstring injury had a significant association with increasing the future hamstring injury while age didn’t show significant association. […] The British Medical Journal published an article with a prospective study done in 100 professional soccer players, which showed functional asymmetry of the muscles predisposed them to a higher risk of sustaining a hamstring injury. […] Sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration like American football, soccer, Australian rule football had more incidence of a hamstring injury. More severe injuries have been found during kicking, while a higher incidence of injuries occurs during running. […] High-intensity training sessions, a higher level of competitiveness, positions in play that demand more running (e.g., wide receiver in American football) are associated with more hamstring injuries.

• #100 Pulled hamstring – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulled_hamstring

  Straining of the hamstring, also known as a pulled hamstring, is defined as an excessive stretch or tear of muscle fibers and related tissues. Hamstring injuries are common in athletes participating in many sports. Track and field athletes are particularly at risk, as hamstring injuries have been estimated to make up 29% of all injuries in sprinters. […] The muscle group is prone to injuries due to the explosive nature of movement in sports and thus causing overload and overstretching of the hamstring musculature. […] The other causes may be: Previous injury, Poor muscle strength, Poor flexibility, Inadequate warm-up, Fatigue, Imbalance, Overuse. […] A meta-analysis article showed evidence that a history of hamstring injury and being of older age were associated with increased risk of hamstring strains.

• #101 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #102 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #103 Hamstring Injury Recovery Time, Treatment, Symptoms, Exercises

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hamstring_injury/article.htm

  Hamstring injuries are muscle strain injuries. They are typically caused by rapid acceleration activities when running or initiating running activity. These injuries are common in sports such as soccer, football, and track. […] Given the function of these muscles, it should not be surprising that grade III injuries most frequently occur in the athletically active. […] Any activity that is associated with sudden acceleration when initiating or during running can lead to a hamstring injury. Common athletic activities where hamstring injuries occur include track and field events with running and sprinting, football, baseball, soccer, and tennis. […] There is no foolproof way to completely avoid hamstring injuries. However, the risks can be minimized by paying attention to the principles of muscle strength and flexibility. Individual flexibility should be maximized by a regular stretching program as well as a period of warm-up and stretching before the intended athletic activity. […] Optimal individual hamstring strength is at least half of the strength of the quadriceps muscle (muscle of the front of the thigh). Also, there should be minimal imbalance in strength between the right and left legs (the injured hamstrings should be about 90% as strong as the uninjured hamstrings).

• #104 Hamstring injury

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hamstring-injury/

  A hamstring injury often happens during sudden, powerful movements, such as sprinting, lunging or jumping that overstretch your tendons or muscles. […] Recurring injury is common in athletes and sportsmen, as you’re more likely to injure your hamstring if you’ve injured it before. […] Regularly doing stretching and strengthening exercises, and warming up before exercise, may help reduce the risk of injuring your hamstring.

• #105 Hamstring Injury Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.primesurgicalsuites.com/blog/hamstring-injury-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Hamstring injuries are common in athletes, and can be quite debilitating. A hamstring injury occurs when one or more of these muscles is stretched beyond its capacity, leading to tears in the muscle tissue. There are a number of things that can contribute to a hamstring injury. Poor warm-up and stretching routines are often to blame, as they can leave the muscles unable to handle the stress of exercise. Excessive training without adequate rest can also lead to hamstring injuries, as can sudden changes in intensity or direction during physical activity. […] Hamstring injuries are a common occurrence, especially among athletes. However, there are a number of things you can do to help prevent these injuries. Warming up properly before physical activity and stretching afterwards can help keep the muscles loose and flexible. Gradually increasing the intensity of your physical activity, and avoiding sudden changes in direction or intensity, can also help. Finally, strengthening the hamstring muscles can help prevent injuries by making them better able to handle the stresses of exercise. By taking these steps, you can greatly reduce your risk of hamstring injuries.

• #106 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #107 Hamstring Injury Recovery Time, Treatment, Symptoms, Exercises

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hamstring_injury/article.htm

  Hamstring injuries are muscle strain injuries. They are typically caused by rapid acceleration activities when running or initiating running activity. These injuries are common in sports such as soccer, football, and track. […] Given the function of these muscles, it should not be surprising that grade III injuries most frequently occur in the athletically active. […] Any activity that is associated with sudden acceleration when initiating or during running can lead to a hamstring injury. Common athletic activities where hamstring injuries occur include track and field events with running and sprinting, football, baseball, soccer, and tennis. […] There is no foolproof way to completely avoid hamstring injuries. However, the risks can be minimized by paying attention to the principles of muscle strength and flexibility. Individual flexibility should be maximized by a regular stretching program as well as a period of warm-up and stretching before the intended athletic activity. […] Optimal individual hamstring strength is at least half of the strength of the quadriceps muscle (muscle of the front of the thigh). Also, there should be minimal imbalance in strength between the right and left legs (the injured hamstrings should be about 90% as strong as the uninjured hamstrings).

• #108 Hamstring Injury Recovery Time, Treatment, Symptoms, Exercises

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hamstring_injury/article.htm

  Hamstring injuries are muscle strain injuries. They are typically caused by rapid acceleration activities when running or initiating running activity. These injuries are common in sports such as soccer, football, and track. […] Given the function of these muscles, it should not be surprising that grade III injuries most frequently occur in the athletically active. […] Any activity that is associated with sudden acceleration when initiating or during running can lead to a hamstring injury. Common athletic activities where hamstring injuries occur include track and field events with running and sprinting, football, baseball, soccer, and tennis. […] There is no foolproof way to completely avoid hamstring injuries. However, the risks can be minimized by paying attention to the principles of muscle strength and flexibility. Individual flexibility should be maximized by a regular stretching program as well as a period of warm-up and stretching before the intended athletic activity. […] Optimal individual hamstring strength is at least half of the strength of the quadriceps muscle (muscle of the front of the thigh). Also, there should be minimal imbalance in strength between the right and left legs (the injured hamstrings should be about 90% as strong as the uninjured hamstrings).

• #109 Hamstring Injury Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.primesurgicalsuites.com/blog/hamstring-injury-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Hamstring injuries are common in athletes, and can be quite debilitating. A hamstring injury occurs when one or more of these muscles is stretched beyond its capacity, leading to tears in the muscle tissue. There are a number of things that can contribute to a hamstring injury. Poor warm-up and stretching routines are often to blame, as they can leave the muscles unable to handle the stress of exercise. Excessive training without adequate rest can also lead to hamstring injuries, as can sudden changes in intensity or direction during physical activity. […] Hamstring injuries are a common occurrence, especially among athletes. However, there are a number of things you can do to help prevent these injuries. Warming up properly before physical activity and stretching afterwards can help keep the muscles loose and flexible. Gradually increasing the intensity of your physical activity, and avoiding sudden changes in direction or intensity, can also help. Finally, strengthening the hamstring muscles can help prevent injuries by making them better able to handle the stresses of exercise. By taking these steps, you can greatly reduce your risk of hamstring injuries.

• #110 Hamstring Injury Recovery Time, Treatment, Symptoms, Exercises

  https://www.medicinenet.com/hamstring_injury/article.htm

  Hamstring injuries are muscle strain injuries. They are typically caused by rapid acceleration activities when running or initiating running activity. These injuries are common in sports such as soccer, football, and track. […] Given the function of these muscles, it should not be surprising that grade III injuries most frequently occur in the athletically active. […] Any activity that is associated with sudden acceleration when initiating or during running can lead to a hamstring injury. Common athletic activities where hamstring injuries occur include track and field events with running and sprinting, football, baseball, soccer, and tennis. […] There is no foolproof way to completely avoid hamstring injuries. However, the risks can be minimized by paying attention to the principles of muscle strength and flexibility. Individual flexibility should be maximized by a regular stretching program as well as a period of warm-up and stretching before the intended athletic activity. […] Optimal individual hamstring strength is at least half of the strength of the quadriceps muscle (muscle of the front of the thigh). Also, there should be minimal imbalance in strength between the right and left legs (the injured hamstrings should be about 90% as strong as the uninjured hamstrings).

• #111 Hamstring Injury: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/sports-injuries/hamstring-injuries

  Previous hamstring injury – If you have already had a hamstring injury you are much more likely to have another one. […] Older age – a hamstring injury appears to be more common as you become older. […] Hamstring strength is probably the most important factor in hamstring injury. […] A specific exercise has been devised to increase the strength of the hamstring muscles at the point in running when they are at most risk of injury. It is called the Nordic hamstring exercise. […] Nordic hamstring exercises are exercises that have been specifically designed to target the hamstring muscle at the point where is is most likely to be injured. They have been shown to reduce the risk of a first hamstring injury by 65% and the risk of a recurrent injury by as much as 85%.

• #112 Lower hamstring tendonitis – Causes, symptoms, treatment, and recovery times

  https://www.sports-injury-physio.com/post/lower-hamstring-tendonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-recovery-times

  Lower hamstring tendonitis is caused by overuse. It can be divided into primary and secondary tendonitis, depending on how the overuse happened. […] Primary low hamstring tendonitis can develop when you overuse your tendons by doing a single training session, race, or match that works them much harder than what they are used to. But it can also develop gradually if you dont allow your tendons enough recovery time in between challenging sessions. […] Common training errors that can lead to primary tendon overload include: A sudden increase in the intensity, frequency, and/or duration of training sessions, races, or matches; Not enough recovery time; Doing a new sport too intensely right from the start. […] Lower hamstring tendonitis is more common in sports or activities that require repetitive flexion and extension of the knee, especially when it is done with high force.

• #113 Hamstring Injury Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.primesurgicalsuites.com/blog/hamstring-injury-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Hamstring injuries are common in athletes, and can be quite debilitating. A hamstring injury occurs when one or more of these muscles is stretched beyond its capacity, leading to tears in the muscle tissue. There are a number of things that can contribute to a hamstring injury. Poor warm-up and stretching routines are often to blame, as they can leave the muscles unable to handle the stress of exercise. Excessive training without adequate rest can also lead to hamstring injuries, as can sudden changes in intensity or direction during physical activity. […] Hamstring injuries are a common occurrence, especially among athletes. However, there are a number of things you can do to help prevent these injuries. Warming up properly before physical activity and stretching afterwards can help keep the muscles loose and flexible. Gradually increasing the intensity of your physical activity, and avoiding sudden changes in direction or intensity, can also help. Finally, strengthening the hamstring muscles can help prevent injuries by making them better able to handle the stresses of exercise. By taking these steps, you can greatly reduce your risk of hamstring injuries.

• #114 Lower hamstring tendonitis – Causes, symptoms, treatment, and recovery times

  https://www.sports-injury-physio.com/post/lower-hamstring-tendonitis-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-recovery-times

  Lower hamstring tendonitis is caused by overuse. It can be divided into primary and secondary tendonitis, depending on how the overuse happened. […] Primary low hamstring tendonitis can develop when you overuse your tendons by doing a single training session, race, or match that works them much harder than what they are used to. But it can also develop gradually if you dont allow your tendons enough recovery time in between challenging sessions. […] Common training errors that can lead to primary tendon overload include: A sudden increase in the intensity, frequency, and/or duration of training sessions, races, or matches; Not enough recovery time; Doing a new sport too intensely right from the start. […] Lower hamstring tendonitis is more common in sports or activities that require repetitive flexion and extension of the knee, especially when it is done with high force.

• #115 Hamstring Tears: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/leg-injuries/hamstring-tears-causes-and-risk-factors

  While almost anyone can injure a hamstring muscle, some people are at greater risk than others. The risk factors for hamstring injuries include: […] Previous hamstring injury. People who have suffered a hamstring injury in the past are at the greatest risk of future hamstring injuries. […] Muscle weakness and fatigue. If a muscle is weak or fatigued it can alter a persons biomechanics and may increase risk of injury. […] Lack of flexibility. A muscle that is less pliable may be more likely to be injured. […] Inadequate warm-up. Muscles that have been warmed up will be more flexible and possibly less likely to be injured. […] Muscle imbalance between the hamstrings and quadriceps. The hamstring (back of thigh) and quadriceps (front of thigh) muscle groups must work together. The risk of injury is increased if one muscle group is weaker than the other.

• #116 Hamstring Tear Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hamstring-tear

  A hamstring tear injury is a rip in the hamstring muscles. It happens when the hamstrings are overstretched or overloaded with too much weight. Depending on the injury, the hamstring can tear partially or completely. […] Typically, a hamstring tear occurs during physical activity. Common causes include: […] Most torn hamstrings are caused by extreme stretching or overload during a sport. The injury often happens to people who play sports like soccer, football, and ice hockey. […] If you’ve torn your hamstring in the past, you’re more likely to tear it again. The risk is higher if you do intense activity before you’re fully healed. […] Training too hard can overload your hamstrings and cause tears. […] If you have limited flexibility, certain movements may stretch your muscles too far.

• #117 Hamstring Strain (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hamstring-strain.html

  Being out of shape or overdoing it. Weak muscles are less able to handle the stress of exercise, and muscles that are tired lose some of their ability to absorb energy, making them more likely to get injured. […] An imbalance in the strength of the leg muscles. The quadriceps, a group of muscles at the front of the legs, are often stronger and more powerful than the hamstring muscles. When you do an activity that involves running, the hamstring muscles can get tired more quickly than the quadriceps, putting them at greater risk of a strain. […] Poor technique. If you don’t have a good running technique, it can increase the stress on your hamstring muscles. […] Returning to activities too quickly after an injury. Hamstring strains need plenty of time and rest to heal completely. Trying to come back from a strain too soon will make you more likely to injure your hamstring again.

• #118 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

• #119 Hamstring Injury – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK558936/

  Hamstring injuries mostly occur while players are running or sprinting. These groups of muscles are particularly susceptible to injury due to their anatomic arrangement. […] There have been some studies done to highlight the etiologies and risk factors associated with a hamstring injury. All the studies tend to suggest hamstring injury has a multifactorial etiology. Interaction among various risk factors is of paramount significance when considering the etiology of this type of muscle injury. A previous hamstring injury, older age, and peak quadriceps torque are strongly associated with the risk of a hamstring injury. Ethnicity, particularly African and Aboriginal origin and a higher level of competitiveness, have also been found to be associated with a higher incidence of a hamstring injury.

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