Materiały źródłowe

• #1 London International Consensus and Delphi study on hamstring injuries part 3: rehabilitation, running and return to sport | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/5/278

  Hamstring injuries (HSIs) are the most common athletic injury in running and pivoting sports, but despite large amounts of research, injury rates have not declined in the last 2 decades. […] This consensus panel recommends individualised rehabilitation based on the athlete, sporting demands, involved muscle(s) and injury type and severity (89.8%). […] Experts focus on the demands and capacity required for match play when deciding the rehabilitation end goal and timing of RTS (89.8%). […] The expert panellists in this study followed evidence on aspects of rehabilitation after HSI, suggesting rehabilitation prescription should be individualised, but clarified areas where evidence was lacking. […] Additional research is required to determine the optimal load dose, timing and criteria for HSI rehabilitation and the monitoring and testing metrics to determine safe rapid progression in rehabilitation and safe RTS.

• #2 Intramuscular Tendon Injuries of the Hamstring Muscles: A More Severe Variant? A Narrative Review | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00621-4

  Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) are one of the most common sport-related injuries. They have a high injury burden and a high recurrence rate. […] Re-injury rates as high as 60% have been described in elite track and field athletes, as well as prolonged TTRTP. […] The review found that important clinical outcomes such as re-injury rates and TTRTP vary across populations, cohorts and sports which suggest that outcomes are specific to the sporting context. […] Injuries to the intramuscular tendon (IMT) of the hamstrings have been proposed to associate with higher re-injury rates and longer time to return to play (TTRTP) than other hamstring strain injuries that do not involve the IMT. […] While some studies have reported longer TTRTP and higher re-injury rates following IMT disruption, other double-blinded studies have reported small or no differences in these respective outcome metrics.

• #3 The prognostic value of the hamstring outcome score to predict the risk of hamstring injuries – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478885/

  Objectives: Hamstring injuries are common among soccer players. The hamstring outcome score (HaOS) might be useful to identify amateur players at risk of hamstring injury. Therefore the aims of this study were: To determine the association between the HaOS and prior and new hamstring injuries in amateur soccer players, and to determine the prognostic value of the HaOS for identifying players with or without previous hamstring injuries at risk of future injury. […] Results: Analysis of data of 356 players indicated that lower HaOS scores were associated with more previous hamstring injuries (F=17.4; p=0.000) and that players with lower HaOS scores sustained more new hamstring injuries (T=3.59, df=67.23, p=0.001). With a conventional HaOS score cut-off of 80%, logistic regression models yielded a probability of hamstring injuries of 11%, 18%, and 28% for players with 0,1, or 2 hamstring injuries in the previous season, respectively. […] Conclusions: The HaOS is associated with previous and future hamstring injury and might be a useful tool to provide players with insight into their risk of sustaining a new hamstring injury risk when used in combination with previous injuries.

• #4 A 4-year study of hamstring injury outcomes in elite track and field using the British Athletics rehabilitation approach | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/5/257

  The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) correlates with return to play in muscle injury. […] The application of BAMIC to inform hamstring rehabilitation in British Athletics results in low reinjury rates and favourable TRFT following hamstring injury. […] The key MRI variables associated with longer recovery are length and CSA of muscle oedema, CSA of tendon injury and loss of tendon tension. […] The BAMIC injury grade and the intratendon class c injury are associated with increased time to return to full training in elite track and field. […] The cross-sectional area of tendon involvement and loss of tension are associated with time to return to full training rather than length of tendon involvement. […] The application of the British Athletics hamstring rehabilitation principles results in favourable time to return to full training with low reinjury rates. […] Hamstring injuries that involve the intramuscular tendon can be managed successfully with rehabilitation rather than surgery.

• #5 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  The mechanism of injury, and subsequent tissues injured, have been shown to have important prognostic value in estimating the rehabilitation time needed to return to pre-injury level of performance. […] That is, injuries involving an intramuscular tendon or aponeurosis and adjacent muscle fibers typically require a shorter convalescent period than those involving a proximal free tendon. […] Findings from the initial examination are less valuable in estimating risk of injury recurrence. […] That is, those injuries that presented as more severe based on physical examination or MR imaging findings did not have a greater rate of injury recurrence. […] As stated above, the injury location and severity based on findings from the initial examination and MR imaging are useful at estimating the duration of rehabilitation required before the athlete returns to sport.

• #6 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  Specifically, the following factors have been shown to require a greater convalescent period: 1) injury involving a proximal free tendon; 2) proximity of the injury to the ischial tuberosity; and 3) increased length and cross-sectional area of injury. […] Despite injuries that involve the intramuscular tendon and adjacent muscle fibers initially present as more severe, the convalescent period is typically less than injuries involving the proximal free tendon. […] The high recurrence rate of hamstring injuries has led to speculation regarding the appropriateness of commonly employed rehabilitation strategies. […] Several factors have been suggested that likely contribute to the high rate of reinjury: 1) persistent weakness in the injured muscle; 2) reduced extensibility of the musculotendon unit due to residual scar tissue; and 3) adaptive changes in the biomechanics and motor patterns of sporting movements following the original injury.

• #7 A 4-year study of hamstring injury outcomes in elite track and field using the British Athletics rehabilitation approach | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/5/257

  The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) correlates with return to play in muscle injury. […] The application of BAMIC to inform hamstring rehabilitation in British Athletics results in low reinjury rates and favourable TRFT following hamstring injury. […] The key MRI variables associated with longer recovery are length and CSA of muscle oedema, CSA of tendon injury and loss of tendon tension. […] The BAMIC injury grade and the intratendon class c injury are associated with increased time to return to full training in elite track and field. […] The cross-sectional area of tendon involvement and loss of tension are associated with time to return to full training rather than length of tendon involvement. […] The application of the British Athletics hamstring rehabilitation principles results in favourable time to return to full training with low reinjury rates. […] Hamstring injuries that involve the intramuscular tendon can be managed successfully with rehabilitation rather than surgery.

• #8 Hamstring Injury: Recovery Time, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17039-hamstring-injury

  Healthcare providers grade hamstring injuries based on how much the injury tears your muscle. Higher grade hamstring injuries will cause more severe and noticeable symptoms. […] Higher grade strains will cause more severe and noticeable symptoms. Grade 2 and Grade 3 strains usually cause a loss of strength in your affected hamstring. […] It depends on how severe the original injury is. Lower-grade hamstring tears will heal faster than more severe injuries. If you have a grade 1 injury, you might need less than a week to feel better. Grade 2 and grade 3 injuries will take longer to heal. It can take up to several months. Your recovery will be longer if you needed surgery. […] Injured hamstrings usually tighten up as they heal. It will be important to focus on your flexibility. Make sure you’re warming up and cooling down after any physical activity.

• #9 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  Hamstring strain injuries remain a challenge for both athletes and clinicians given the high incidence rate, slow healing, and persistent symptoms. […] Moreover, nearly one-third of these injuries recur within the first year following a return to sport, with subsequent injuries often being more severe than the original. […] This high reinjury rate suggests that commonly utilized rehabilitation programs may be inadequate at resolving possible muscular weakness, reduced tissue extensibility, and/or altered movement patterns associated with the injury. […] There is mounting evidence that the risk of reinjury can be minimized by utilizing rehabilitation strategies that incorporate neuromuscular control exercises and eccentric strength training, combined with objective measures to assess musculotendon recovery and readiness to return to sport.

• #10 What You Need to Know About Hamstring Injury and Rehab – University Orthopedics Blog

  https://blog.universityorthopedics.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-hamstring-injury-and-rehab/

  Hamstring injury severity varies widely and may be graded from 1 to 3 depending on the size of the tear, the symptoms, and loss of strength and/or function. Grade 1 injuries involve microscopic tearing with minor swelling and discomfort and little to no loss of strength, while grade 3 injuries involve a complete rupture and total loss of function and may require surgical repair. […] Regrettably, there is mixed evidence regarding the ability of imaging to predict injury prognosis and return to sport time following hamstring strain. […] Time lost from sport related to hamstring strain can be significant and reinjury rates for hamstring strain are high. Time loss from competition may generally range from 3-28 days or more depending on the severity of the injury. Recurrence rate for hamstring strains varies from 13.9% to 63.3% across various studies, and those who have a history of prior hamstring injury have a 3.6 times higher risk of future hamstring injury.

• #11 London International Consensus and Delphi study on hamstring injuries part 3: rehabilitation, running and return to sport | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/5/278

  Experts considered the key kinetic chain deficits as possible contributing factors to (re)injury. […] In later-stage rehab, experts advocate prescription of running and sprinting as key components of HSI rehabilitation and as key progression criteria for RTS. […] The panel identified flexibility and ROM factors as important prior to RTR, with tests such as MHFAKE,61 although the literature suggests flexibility is not a risk factor for reinjury. […] The highest risk period for reinjury after RTS is the first month,191 with risks raised for the first year136 and competition running levels can remain suppressed even after RTS.

• #12 Intramuscular Tendon Injuries of the Hamstring Muscles: A More Severe Variant? A Narrative Review | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00621-4

  A bespoke intramuscular tendon-oriented approach to rehabilitation has been advocated in certain cohorts and sports. Such an approach has been shown to reduce re-injury rates. […] In a recent review, Brukner advocated that a high suspicion of IMT injury should accompany any hamstring muscle injury recurrence. In this review, the author presents the viewpoint that injuries involving significant IMT disruption require prolonged rehabilitation and may be more prone to recurrence. […] However, the evidence to support this viewpoint is mixed, with recent indications suggesting that there is minimal meaningful difference in re-injury rate or time to RTP between these (IMT) injuries and other typical hamstring muscle injuries. […] The authors reported that IMT injuries were significantly more likely to recur than other injuries. Additionally, the mean recovery time following IMT disruption was more than 3 times that of other biceps femoris muscle injuries.

• #13 Intramuscular Tendon Injuries of the Hamstring Muscles: A More Severe Variant? A Narrative Review | Sports Medicine – Open | Full Text

  https://sportsmedicine-open.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40798-023-00621-4

  Similarly, Pollock et al. described 14 cases of IMT in elite track and field athletes between 2010 and 2014. Injuries that involved the IMT had substantially greater risk of recurrence at 3 months follow-up. […] However, the authors did not state what the mechanisms of injuries were, so it is unclear if these reinjuries and exacerbations actually occurred during sprinting. […] Despite reported recurrence rates of 17-20%, there was no difference between IMT injuries and typical hamstring muscle injuries. […] The BAMIC categorisation of an injury only accounted for 7.6% to 11.9% of total variance in time to RTP. […] There is some indication that early protection may assist in the reduction in recurrences. However, further research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of such criteria-based rehabilitation interventions across multiple sports would add greatly to our understanding of this subtype of hamstring muscle injury.

• #14 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  Specifically, the following factors have been shown to require a greater convalescent period: 1) injury involving a proximal free tendon; 2) proximity of the injury to the ischial tuberosity; and 3) increased length and cross-sectional area of injury. […] Despite injuries that involve the intramuscular tendon and adjacent muscle fibers initially present as more severe, the convalescent period is typically less than injuries involving the proximal free tendon. […] The high recurrence rate of hamstring injuries has led to speculation regarding the appropriateness of commonly employed rehabilitation strategies. […] Several factors have been suggested that likely contribute to the high rate of reinjury: 1) persistent weakness in the injured muscle; 2) reduced extensibility of the musculotendon unit due to residual scar tissue; and 3) adaptive changes in the biomechanics and motor patterns of sporting movements following the original injury.

• #15 Do Screening Tests Predict Sports Injury? | VALD Performance

  https://www.linkedin.com/posts/vald-performance_do-screening-tests-predict-sports-injury-activity-7285805374098550785-fow7

  Very informative and helpful information […] Weak + short hamstrings are clearly not a good combination for injury prevention! Ensure you restore normal length and strength in their hamstrings before they return to sport. […] This alarming finding from Oliveira-Jnior et al. highlights the urgent need for effective injury prevention strategies. The study shows that previous injuries, strength deficits, and limited ankle mobility significantly increase the risk of hamstring injuries. […] Based upon the rate mentioned above, statistically it should be around 8.4 hamstring injuries for the entire tournament. Roughly two a week, or 1 every 6 games. […] If you’re interested in what can be done to prevent and rehabilitate hamstring injuries, I’ve included two great resources from Vald Performance and Sportsmith below.

• #16 The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

  A stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. […] Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle. […] All the studies of stretch-type injuries concluded that injuries occur due to extensive hip flexion with simultaneous knee extension. […] The majority of studies of hamstring injuries during running reported that the hamstrings are most prone to injury during the late swing phase as a result of eccentric loading. […] In conclusion, hamstring injuries sustained while running or sprinting are estimated to occur during the late swing phase as a consequence of increased strain on the hamstring muscles. […] Fatigue was reported to reduce eccentric hamstring strength, which was suggested to increase the risk of a hamstring injury, while lower hamstring strength endurance was associated with a hamstring re-injury.

• #17 Management and Prognosis of Acute Hamstring Injury in Athletes – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2237

  This systematic review of medical literature about acute hamstring injuries included 17 randomized controlled trials and 58 nonrandomized cohort studies, casecontrol studies and case series. […] The accuracy of predictions about recovery time can be improved with a thorough clinical examination, and structural factors observed on MRI scans can also guide estimates about return to play. […] Patients who underwent surgery for proximal ruptures (partial or complete) have consistently better outcomes than those whose ruptures were managed nonoperatively. […] For patients with acute muscle injuries, physical therapy using eccentric training and progressive agility and trunk stabilization is associated with a favorable RTP time, reinjury rate and restoration of strength; stretching-based protocols increase range of motion but do not increase strength and do not reduce reinjury risk.

• #18 Management and Prognosis of Acute Hamstring Injury in Athletes – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2237

  Factors associated with accelerated RTP were: Less pain during outer-range strength testing, Greater midrange strength as a percentage of uninjured leg strength. […] Factors associated with delayed RTP were: Greater passive knee extension of the uninjured leg, Greater peak torque angle in knee extension, Injury to the biceps femoris, Greater pain at injury and initial evaluation, Popping sound at injury, Bruising, Pain on resisted knee flexion. […] Accelerated RTP was linked to: MRI-negative injury, A lower percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Shorter radiologist-predicted recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery time were: Greater lesion length, A greater percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Complete tendinous/myotendinous rupture, Complete central tendon disruption or „waviness”, Greater number of muscles involved. […] Several studies showed the results of the initial clinical examination have much more bearing on RTP than MRI findings do.

• #19 Management and Prognosis of Acute Hamstring Injury in Athletes – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2237

  Factors associated with accelerated RTP were: Less pain during outer-range strength testing, Greater midrange strength as a percentage of uninjured leg strength. […] Factors associated with delayed RTP were: Greater passive knee extension of the uninjured leg, Greater peak torque angle in knee extension, Injury to the biceps femoris, Greater pain at injury and initial evaluation, Popping sound at injury, Bruising, Pain on resisted knee flexion. […] Accelerated RTP was linked to: MRI-negative injury, A lower percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Shorter radiologist-predicted recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery time were: Greater lesion length, A greater percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Complete tendinous/myotendinous rupture, Complete central tendon disruption or „waviness”, Greater number of muscles involved. […] Several studies showed the results of the initial clinical examination have much more bearing on RTP than MRI findings do.

• #20 Management and Prognosis of Acute Hamstring Injury in Athletes – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2237

  Factors associated with accelerated RTP were: Less pain during outer-range strength testing, Greater midrange strength as a percentage of uninjured leg strength. […] Factors associated with delayed RTP were: Greater passive knee extension of the uninjured leg, Greater peak torque angle in knee extension, Injury to the biceps femoris, Greater pain at injury and initial evaluation, Popping sound at injury, Bruising, Pain on resisted knee flexion. […] Accelerated RTP was linked to: MRI-negative injury, A lower percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Shorter radiologist-predicted recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery time were: Greater lesion length, A greater percentage of muscle/tendon involvement, Complete tendinous/myotendinous rupture, Complete central tendon disruption or „waviness”, Greater number of muscles involved. […] Several studies showed the results of the initial clinical examination have much more bearing on RTP than MRI findings do.

• #21 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  Hamstring strain injuries remain a challenge for both athletes and clinicians given the high incidence rate, slow healing, and persistent symptoms. […] Moreover, nearly one-third of these injuries recur within the first year following a return to sport, with subsequent injuries often being more severe than the original. […] This high reinjury rate suggests that commonly utilized rehabilitation programs may be inadequate at resolving possible muscular weakness, reduced tissue extensibility, and/or altered movement patterns associated with the injury. […] There is mounting evidence that the risk of reinjury can be minimized by utilizing rehabilitation strategies that incorporate neuromuscular control exercises and eccentric strength training, combined with objective measures to assess musculotendon recovery and readiness to return to sport.

• #22 London International Consensus and Delphi study on hamstring injuries part 3: rehabilitation, running and return to sport | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/5/278

  Hamstring injuries (HSIs) are the most common athletic injury in running and pivoting sports, but despite large amounts of research, injury rates have not declined in the last 2 decades. […] This consensus panel recommends individualised rehabilitation based on the athlete, sporting demands, involved muscle(s) and injury type and severity (89.8%). […] Experts focus on the demands and capacity required for match play when deciding the rehabilitation end goal and timing of RTS (89.8%). […] The expert panellists in this study followed evidence on aspects of rehabilitation after HSI, suggesting rehabilitation prescription should be individualised, but clarified areas where evidence was lacking. […] Additional research is required to determine the optimal load dose, timing and criteria for HSI rehabilitation and the monitoring and testing metrics to determine safe rapid progression in rehabilitation and safe RTS.

• #23 London International Consensus and Delphi study on hamstring injuries part 3: rehabilitation, running and return to sport | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/5/278

  Experts considered the key kinetic chain deficits as possible contributing factors to (re)injury. […] In later-stage rehab, experts advocate prescription of running and sprinting as key components of HSI rehabilitation and as key progression criteria for RTS. […] The panel identified flexibility and ROM factors as important prior to RTR, with tests such as MHFAKE,61 although the literature suggests flexibility is not a risk factor for reinjury. […] The highest risk period for reinjury after RTS is the first month,191 with risks raised for the first year136 and competition running levels can remain suppressed even after RTS.

• #24 Management and Prognosis of Acute Hamstring Injury in Athletes – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2237

  This systematic review of medical literature about acute hamstring injuries included 17 randomized controlled trials and 58 nonrandomized cohort studies, casecontrol studies and case series. […] The accuracy of predictions about recovery time can be improved with a thorough clinical examination, and structural factors observed on MRI scans can also guide estimates about return to play. […] Patients who underwent surgery for proximal ruptures (partial or complete) have consistently better outcomes than those whose ruptures were managed nonoperatively. […] For patients with acute muscle injuries, physical therapy using eccentric training and progressive agility and trunk stabilization is associated with a favorable RTP time, reinjury rate and restoration of strength; stretching-based protocols increase range of motion but do not increase strength and do not reduce reinjury risk.

• #25 A 4-year study of hamstring injury outcomes in elite track and field using the British Athletics rehabilitation approach | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/5/257

  The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) correlates with return to play in muscle injury. […] The application of BAMIC to inform hamstring rehabilitation in British Athletics results in low reinjury rates and favourable TRFT following hamstring injury. […] The key MRI variables associated with longer recovery are length and CSA of muscle oedema, CSA of tendon injury and loss of tendon tension. […] The BAMIC injury grade and the intratendon class c injury are associated with increased time to return to full training in elite track and field. […] The cross-sectional area of tendon involvement and loss of tension are associated with time to return to full training rather than length of tendon involvement. […] The application of the British Athletics hamstring rehabilitation principles results in favourable time to return to full training with low reinjury rates. […] Hamstring injuries that involve the intramuscular tendon can be managed successfully with rehabilitation rather than surgery.

• #26 Hamstring Strain Injuries: Recommendations for Diagnosis, Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2867336/

  Returning the athlete to sport at prior level of performance with a minimal risk of injury recurrence is the primary objective of a rehabilitation program following a hamstring strain injury. […] The development of quantitative post-treatment parameters to objectively characterize musculotendon recovery and readiness to return to sport is therefore an important avenue of future research.

• #27 Hamstring Injury: Recovery Time, Treatment & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17039-hamstring-injury

  Healthcare providers grade hamstring injuries based on how much the injury tears your muscle. Higher grade hamstring injuries will cause more severe and noticeable symptoms. […] Higher grade strains will cause more severe and noticeable symptoms. Grade 2 and Grade 3 strains usually cause a loss of strength in your affected hamstring. […] It depends on how severe the original injury is. Lower-grade hamstring tears will heal faster than more severe injuries. If you have a grade 1 injury, you might need less than a week to feel better. Grade 2 and grade 3 injuries will take longer to heal. It can take up to several months. Your recovery will be longer if you needed surgery. […] Injured hamstrings usually tighten up as they heal. It will be important to focus on your flexibility. Make sure you’re warming up and cooling down after any physical activity.

• #28 What You Need to Know About Hamstring Injury and Rehab – University Orthopedics Blog

  https://blog.universityorthopedics.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-hamstring-injury-and-rehab/

  Hamstring injury severity varies widely and may be graded from 1 to 3 depending on the size of the tear, the symptoms, and loss of strength and/or function. Grade 1 injuries involve microscopic tearing with minor swelling and discomfort and little to no loss of strength, while grade 3 injuries involve a complete rupture and total loss of function and may require surgical repair. […] Regrettably, there is mixed evidence regarding the ability of imaging to predict injury prognosis and return to sport time following hamstring strain. […] Time lost from sport related to hamstring strain can be significant and reinjury rates for hamstring strain are high. Time loss from competition may generally range from 3-28 days or more depending on the severity of the injury. Recurrence rate for hamstring strains varies from 13.9% to 63.3% across various studies, and those who have a history of prior hamstring injury have a 3.6 times higher risk of future hamstring injury.

• #29 What You Need to Know About Hamstring Injury and Rehab – University Orthopedics Blog

  https://blog.universityorthopedics.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-hamstring-injury-and-rehab/

  Given the high risk of reinjury and significant time loss from sport following hamstring injury, it is critical to attempt to prevent hamstring injuries and to undergo comprehensive rehabilitation following these injuries. […] There is emerging evidence that steps can be taken to limit hamstring strain risk and improve recovery following hamstring injury to limit reinjury and keep athletes safe and healthy. Understanding the risk factors for hamstring injury, mechanical role of the hamstrings, regional interdependence and influence of the kinetic chain on hamstrings, and effective exercises to target hamstrings and functional training specificity is critical to designing an effective rehabilitation and injury prevention program.

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