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• #1 Mild head injury and concussion | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/types-of-brain-injury/mild-head-injury-and-concussion/

  Concussion is also often referred to as mild head injury, minor head injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Regardless of the terminology used, the occurrence of a head injury in these cases causes the brain to shake back and forth inside the skull, causing mild damage. […] While most mild head injuries result in no long-term damage to the brain, it can cause temporary disruption to brain function that can last for at least a number of weeks. […] Mild head injury can leave people with a range of concussion symptoms including dizziness, nausea, confusion or an inability to process or retain information, sensitivity to light, and vision distortion. […] In some cases, an individual may lose consciousness as a result of the head injury, but it is important to note that only around 10% of reported concussions involve a loss of consciousness so its important to not solely rely on this as an indicator.

• #2 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #3 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Concussions are common injuries, especially among young athletes. Most people recover without long-term effects, but its important not to rush your recovery. […] Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury. Theyre some of the most common (and most commonly misunderstood) injuries that people experience. […] But the effects can be serious and last for days, weeks or even longer. […] One concussion usually doesnt cause permanent brain damage. But experiencing multiple concussions over a lifetime can change your brains structure or how it works, which can lead to severe complications and increase your risk of developing serious health conditions. […] Concussion symptoms may start right away. But some people dont experience symptoms for hours, or even days. […] Physical concussion symptoms are usually the most obvious and can include: Headaches or a feeling of pressure in your head.

• #4 Mild head injury and concussion | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/types-of-brain-injury/mild-head-injury-and-concussion/

  Concussion is also often referred to as mild head injury, minor head injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Regardless of the terminology used, the occurrence of a head injury in these cases causes the brain to shake back and forth inside the skull, causing mild damage. […] While most mild head injuries result in no long-term damage to the brain, it can cause temporary disruption to brain function that can last for at least a number of weeks. […] Mild head injury can leave people with a range of concussion symptoms including dizziness, nausea, confusion or an inability to process or retain information, sensitivity to light, and vision distortion. […] In some cases, an individual may lose consciousness as a result of the head injury, but it is important to note that only around 10% of reported concussions involve a loss of consciousness so its important to not solely rely on this as an indicator.

• #5 Concussion – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/concussion/

  A concussion can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance and muscle coordination. […] A concussion is an injury to the brain that results in temporary loss of normal brain function. […] A concussion can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance and muscle coordination. People with concussions often report a brief period of amnesia or forgetfulness, where they cannot remember what happened immediately before or after the injury. […] Even mild concussions should not be taken lightly. […] Common Symptoms of Concussion: Confusion, Headache, Vision disturbances (double or blurry vision), Dizziness or imbalance, Nausea or vomiting, Memory loss, Ringing ears, Difficulty concentrating, Sensitivity to light, Loss of smell or taste, Trouble falling asleep. […] Most people will recover quickly and completely following a concussion. Some people can have symptoms that last for several weeks before gradually getting better.

• #6 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Concussions are common injuries, especially among young athletes. Most people recover without long-term effects, but its important not to rush your recovery. […] Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury. Theyre some of the most common (and most commonly misunderstood) injuries that people experience. […] But the effects can be serious and last for days, weeks or even longer. […] One concussion usually doesnt cause permanent brain damage. But experiencing multiple concussions over a lifetime can change your brains structure or how it works, which can lead to severe complications and increase your risk of developing serious health conditions. […] Concussion symptoms may start right away. But some people dont experience symptoms for hours, or even days. […] Physical concussion symptoms are usually the most obvious and can include: Headaches or a feeling of pressure in your head.

• #7 Concussion – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/concussion/

  A concussion can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance and muscle coordination. […] A concussion is an injury to the brain that results in temporary loss of normal brain function. […] A concussion can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance and muscle coordination. People with concussions often report a brief period of amnesia or forgetfulness, where they cannot remember what happened immediately before or after the injury. […] Even mild concussions should not be taken lightly. […] Common Symptoms of Concussion: Confusion, Headache, Vision disturbances (double or blurry vision), Dizziness or imbalance, Nausea or vomiting, Memory loss, Ringing ears, Difficulty concentrating, Sensitivity to light, Loss of smell or taste, Trouble falling asleep. […] Most people will recover quickly and completely following a concussion. Some people can have symptoms that last for several weeks before gradually getting better.

• #8 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #9 Signs and symptoms of concussion – Queensland Brain Institute – University of Queensland

  https://qbi.uq.edu.au/concussion/signs-and-symptoms-concussion

  Many people who sustain a concussion have no observable signs, which can make diagnosis difficult. Recognising the condition often depends on the affected person reporting the symptoms they are experiencing. These can occur either immediately after the head injury or minutes to hours later. […] Doctors look for the following signs in someone suspected of suffering from concussion: Confusion and inability to speak coherently, Disorientation (e.g. unaware of time and place), Lack of co-ordination (e.g. stumbling, inability to walk in a straight line), Loss of memory (e.g. about the causative event), Slurred speech, Delayed response to questions, Appearing dazed or with a vacant stare, Inappropriate emotion (e.g. crying for no reason), Any temporary loss of consciousness. […] People who have sustained a concussion may also report the following symptoms: Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head, Confusion or difficulty concentrating, Dizziness, Changes in vision (e.g. seeing stars), Ringing in the ears, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue, Sensitivity to light, Loss of smell or taste.

• #10 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult

  A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury. It happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull from a hit (blow) to your head or when your head and neck jerk when your body is hit. […] With a concussion, your brains nerve fibers get injured, which affects how your brain normally works. In most cases, you cannot see this injury on tests such as a CT scan or MRI. […] You don’t have to pass out (lose consciousness) to have a concussion. Some people have symptoms of a concussion, but others don’t. […] Signs of a more serious brain injury will usually show up in the first 24 to 48 hours. […] The symptoms below are common after a concussion. They usually get better on their own within a few weeks: feeling tired or slow, problems falling or staying asleep, feeling confused, poor concentration, or slow to answer questions, feeling dizzy, poor balance, or poor coordination, being sensitive to light, being sensitive to sounds, ringing in the ears, headache, sometimes with nausea (feeling sick to your stomach) and throwing up, being irritable, having mood swings, or feeling sad or down.

• #11 How to spot a concussion and what to do if you suspect a brain injurymenu iconsearch iconsubscribe iconsearch iconarrow up right icon

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/how-to-spot-a-concussion-and-what-to-do-if-you-suspect-a-brain-injury/2022/09

  A few signs to look for soon after a suspected concussion include: Blurred or double vision, Eye strain, Light sensitivity, Unusually sized pupils, Eye movement, Trouble focusing, Confusion, Loss of consciousness. […] If you or someone you know has concussion symptoms that last more than two weeks, consider seeing a doctor. These can include more serious symptoms of concussion or TBI, such as: Ongoing headaches, Vertigo, Dizziness, Balance problems, Problems communicating, Irritability or seeming grouchy, Easily confused and trouble paying attention. […] It’s important to keep an eye on concussion or TBI symptoms for the first day or two after injury. Most people recover completely from a simple concussion in a week or two. However, some people may take longer. There are different levels of concussions from mild to serious. Each situation can be different.

• #12 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #13 Concussions: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/concussion-traumatic-brain-injury-symptoms-causes-treatments

  The most common and least serious type of traumatic brain injury is called a concussion. A concussion is a brain injury often caused by a blow such as a fall or collision in sports. The result is your brain doesn’t function as it should. If you’ve had a concussion, vision may be disturbed, you may lose equilibrium, or you may fall unconscious. In short, the brain is confused. […] Concussions can be tricky to diagnose. Though you may have a visible cut or bruise on your head, you can’t see a concussion. Signs of a concussion may not appear for days or weeks after the injury. Some symptoms last for just seconds; others may linger. […] There are some common physical, mental, and emotional symptoms a person may display following a concussion. Signs of traumatic brain injury include: confusion or feeling dazed, clumsiness, slurred speech, nausea or vomiting, headache, balance problems or dizziness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise, sluggishness, ringing in ears, irritability or other behavior or personality changes, difficulty concentrating, loss of memory, fatigue or sleepiness, loss of consciousness, forgetfulness such as repeating yourself, slowed response to questions, problems with sleep, depression, problems with taste or smell.

• #14 Concussion Symptoms: Causes & How Long They Last

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/symptoms-of-a-concussion-guide

  The list of concussion symptoms for teenagers is the same as the symptoms in adults listed above. […] If you witness your child fall and hit their head or otherwise take a blow to the head, keep an eye out for symptoms and consider seeking medical advice. […] Common causes of concussion in children include falls, sports injuries, fights or collisions with other children, and physical abuse. […] Knowing which types of symptoms youre experiencing can help guide your treatment plan. […] A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). […] If inflammation and cell damage from the concussion interfere with the signaling between cells and blood vessels, you might struggle with certain tasks. […] In general, symptoms of a concussion should resolve in two weeks. Some people have symptoms for longer up to three months.

• #15 Concussions (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions.html

  A concussion is a brain injury that leads to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and confusion. Treating a concussion means rest and a slow return to school and regular activities. Symptoms usually go away within a few days to a month but sometimes last longer. […] Symptoms of a concussion might happen right after the head injury or develop over hours to days. They can include: headache, confusion, dizziness, vision changes, nausea and/or vomiting, trouble walking and talking, not remembering the injury, not remembering before or after the injury, feeling sluggish. […] A concussion happens when the brain is injured. This can happen when the head is hit for example, from a fall. But concussions also can happen without a blow to the head for example, in a car accident when the head snaps forcefully forward and back. The strong movement causes chemical and blood flow changes in the brain. These changes lead to concussion symptoms.

• #16 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #17 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  Concussion is a type of brain injury. It can take up to 48 hours after an injury for symptoms of concussion to appear. If someone has a concussion, you may see changes to the way they behave and act. They may: lose consciousness, be confused, have a blank expression, take an unusually long amount of time to answer questions, struggle to balance, show inappropriate emotional responses, like laughing or crying without explanation, act out of character, like being unusually irritable, struggle to remember events before or after the injury. They may also complain about physical symptoms, including: having a headache, being dizzy, feeling nauseous (sick), feeling stunned or dazed, problems with their sight, like seeing stars or having blurry vision. Some symptoms of concussion indicate that there may be a severe head injury.

• #18 Concussion Symptoms: Causes & How Long They Last

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/symptoms-of-a-concussion-guide

  The list of concussion symptoms for teenagers is the same as the symptoms in adults listed above. […] If you witness your child fall and hit their head or otherwise take a blow to the head, keep an eye out for symptoms and consider seeking medical advice. […] Common causes of concussion in children include falls, sports injuries, fights or collisions with other children, and physical abuse. […] Knowing which types of symptoms youre experiencing can help guide your treatment plan. […] A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). […] If inflammation and cell damage from the concussion interfere with the signaling between cells and blood vessels, you might struggle with certain tasks. […] In general, symptoms of a concussion should resolve in two weeks. Some people have symptoms for longer up to three months.

• #19 How long will it take me to recover from a concussion? – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/nbiic/how-long-will-it-take-me-to-recover-from-a-concussion

  Recovery looks different for everyone after sustaining a brain injury. […] The recovery period for each person is different, and it is important to create the best possible environment to heal. […] Symptoms are not always present right after the injury. They can become apparent hours or even days after the injury. […] The most common symptoms following a concussion are headaches, and “cognitive delay,” when the brain cannot process information as efficiently as it did before the injury. […] Towards the end of the day, a person can feel exhausted physically and cognitively and may become more irritable and more easily frustrated. Other symptoms, like headache, may also appear or worsen. […] It is important to follow a gradual increase in activity levels when recovering from an injury.

• #20 Concussion | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/c/concussion

  A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It happens when a bump, blow or shake to your head or body transmits a force to your brain. […] A concussion affects how your brain functions. Symptoms are varied but include headache, nausea, light-headedness or dizziness, loss of balance, poor memory or concentration, mood changes, fatigue and sleepiness. […] Symptoms of a concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may not be immediate. They may appear a few hours later but generally within 24-48 hours. […] Physical symptoms Sensitivity to light, dizziness or 'seeing stars’, excessive or unusual fatigue, headache, nausea and vomiting, blurry vision Emotional Feeling particularly anxious, irritable, moody, or sad Thinking and remembering Having difficulty paying attention, feeling confused, memory problems, feeling foggy Sleep Sleeping too much or too little, trouble falling asleep.

• #21 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult

  A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury. It happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull from a hit (blow) to your head or when your head and neck jerk when your body is hit. […] With a concussion, your brains nerve fibers get injured, which affects how your brain normally works. In most cases, you cannot see this injury on tests such as a CT scan or MRI. […] You don’t have to pass out (lose consciousness) to have a concussion. Some people have symptoms of a concussion, but others don’t. […] Signs of a more serious brain injury will usually show up in the first 24 to 48 hours. […] The symptoms below are common after a concussion. They usually get better on their own within a few weeks: feeling tired or slow, problems falling or staying asleep, feeling confused, poor concentration, or slow to answer questions, feeling dizzy, poor balance, or poor coordination, being sensitive to light, being sensitive to sounds, ringing in the ears, headache, sometimes with nausea (feeling sick to your stomach) and throwing up, being irritable, having mood swings, or feeling sad or down.

• #22 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  Concussion is a type of brain injury. It can take up to 48 hours after an injury for symptoms of concussion to appear. If someone has a concussion, you may see changes to the way they behave and act. They may: lose consciousness, be confused, have a blank expression, take an unusually long amount of time to answer questions, struggle to balance, show inappropriate emotional responses, like laughing or crying without explanation, act out of character, like being unusually irritable, struggle to remember events before or after the injury. They may also complain about physical symptoms, including: having a headache, being dizzy, feeling nauseous (sick), feeling stunned or dazed, problems with their sight, like seeing stars or having blurry vision. Some symptoms of concussion indicate that there may be a severe head injury.

• #23 Concussion: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/concussion

  Signs of a concussion observed by others include: memory problems, a dazed look, sudden mood, behavior, or personality changes, losing consciousness, slow reflexes and responses. […] These symptoms may begin immediately, or they can be delayed for hours or days following the injury. […] During the recovery period after a concussion, you may still experience uncomfortable symptoms. These include: irritability, sensitivity to light or noise, difficulty concentrating, mild headaches. […] Concussion symptoms can vary when it comes to babies. These may not be as noticeable at first. […] Some common signs of a concussion in babies include: a visible bump or bruise on the babys head, crying when you move the babys head or neck, vomiting, irritability, drowsiness, seizure, dilated pupils. […] According to a 2020 study, common symptoms reported in children ages 5-11 with concussions were: trouble sleeping, vision problems (including eye pain, double vision), headache, dizziness.

• #24 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #25 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult

  A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury. It happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull from a hit (blow) to your head or when your head and neck jerk when your body is hit. […] With a concussion, your brains nerve fibers get injured, which affects how your brain normally works. In most cases, you cannot see this injury on tests such as a CT scan or MRI. […] You don’t have to pass out (lose consciousness) to have a concussion. Some people have symptoms of a concussion, but others don’t. […] Signs of a more serious brain injury will usually show up in the first 24 to 48 hours. […] The symptoms below are common after a concussion. They usually get better on their own within a few weeks: feeling tired or slow, problems falling or staying asleep, feeling confused, poor concentration, or slow to answer questions, feeling dizzy, poor balance, or poor coordination, being sensitive to light, being sensitive to sounds, ringing in the ears, headache, sometimes with nausea (feeling sick to your stomach) and throwing up, being irritable, having mood swings, or feeling sad or down.

• #26 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #27 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #28 Mild head injury and concussion | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/types-of-brain-injury/mild-head-injury-and-concussion/

  Concussion is also often referred to as mild head injury, minor head injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Regardless of the terminology used, the occurrence of a head injury in these cases causes the brain to shake back and forth inside the skull, causing mild damage. […] While most mild head injuries result in no long-term damage to the brain, it can cause temporary disruption to brain function that can last for at least a number of weeks. […] Mild head injury can leave people with a range of concussion symptoms including dizziness, nausea, confusion or an inability to process or retain information, sensitivity to light, and vision distortion. […] In some cases, an individual may lose consciousness as a result of the head injury, but it is important to note that only around 10% of reported concussions involve a loss of consciousness so its important to not solely rely on this as an indicator.

• #29 Concussions: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/concussion-traumatic-brain-injury-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Post-concussive syndrome is when issues from a concussion linger after you should have recovered. These symptoms can include trouble concentrating, problems with memory, headaches, changes in personality, mood swings, dizziness, fatigue, and insomnia for weeks to months. Delayed concussion symptoms, in which you don’t have symptoms until several days or weeks after the event, can play a role in this as well. […] Symptoms tend to improve within 3 days, but for a full recovery it will typically take about 30 days for those under 18 and 14 days for those over 18.

• #30 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  Concussion is a type of brain injury. It can take up to 48 hours after an injury for symptoms of concussion to appear. If someone has a concussion, you may see changes to the way they behave and act. They may: lose consciousness, be confused, have a blank expression, take an unusually long amount of time to answer questions, struggle to balance, show inappropriate emotional responses, like laughing or crying without explanation, act out of character, like being unusually irritable, struggle to remember events before or after the injury. They may also complain about physical symptoms, including: having a headache, being dizzy, feeling nauseous (sick), feeling stunned or dazed, problems with their sight, like seeing stars or having blurry vision. Some symptoms of concussion indicate that there may be a severe head injury.

• #31 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #32 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #33 Signs and Symptoms of Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away. […] Concussion symptoms are what your child is feeling after the injury. Concussion signs are what you see when your child is experiencing symptoms related to their injury. […] Concussion symptoms may change during recovery. […] Concussion symptoms are most severe right after the injury (usually 1 to 2 days after the injury). […] Keep in mind that concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away; they may take hours or days to appear or be noticed. […] If their symptoms get worse, be sure to share this information with their healthcare provider. […] Concussion danger signs can be hard to tell apart from a more life-threatening brain injury. […] Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department if you notice any of the following danger signs following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head: A headache that gets worse and does not go away. […] Repeated nausea or vomiting. […] Loss of consciousness with increasing drowsiness, inability to wake up, or inability to stay awake.

• #34 How Long After Hitting Head Can Concussion Symptoms Start? | Addison Chiropractic and Sports Clinic

  https://addisonsportsclinic.com/how-long-after-hitting-head-can-concussion-symptoms-start/

  Concussion, Pain, Shockwave Therapy […] One of the most common misconceptions about concussions is that symptoms appear immediately. While some people experience immediate dizziness, confusion, or nausea, others might not notice any changes until hours—or even days—after the injury. This delay in symptoms can make it challenging to recognize when medical attention is necessary, potentially leading to complications if left untreated. […] One of the most perplexing aspects of concussions is the delayed onset of symptoms. Some people feel fine immediately after the impact but later develop headaches, memory problems, or dizziness. This delay occurs because concussions involve not just the initial trauma but also a cascade of neurological effects that unfold over time. […] One of the most challenging aspects of identifying a concussion is that symptoms don’t always appear immediately. Some people experience signs within minutes, while others may not notice anything unusual until hours or even days later. The onset of symptoms varies based on factors like the severity of the impact, individual brain chemistry, and whether the person has had previous concussions.

• #35 Signs and symptoms of concussion – Queensland Brain Institute – University of Queensland

  https://qbi.uq.edu.au/concussion/signs-and-symptoms-concussion

  Many people who sustain a concussion have no observable signs, which can make diagnosis difficult. Recognising the condition often depends on the affected person reporting the symptoms they are experiencing. These can occur either immediately after the head injury or minutes to hours later. […] Doctors look for the following signs in someone suspected of suffering from concussion: Confusion and inability to speak coherently, Disorientation (e.g. unaware of time and place), Lack of co-ordination (e.g. stumbling, inability to walk in a straight line), Loss of memory (e.g. about the causative event), Slurred speech, Delayed response to questions, Appearing dazed or with a vacant stare, Inappropriate emotion (e.g. crying for no reason), Any temporary loss of consciousness. […] People who have sustained a concussion may also report the following symptoms: Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head, Confusion or difficulty concentrating, Dizziness, Changes in vision (e.g. seeing stars), Ringing in the ears, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue, Sensitivity to light, Loss of smell or taste.

• #36 How Long After Hitting Head Can Concussion Symptoms Start? | Addison Chiropractic and Sports Clinic

  https://addisonsportsclinic.com/how-long-after-hitting-head-can-concussion-symptoms-start/

  In some cases, symptoms appear right away, signaling that the brain has been affected by the impact. This immediate response is often caused by a sudden disruption in brain function, similar to a temporary “short circuit” in neural pathways. […] For many people, symptoms don’t become noticeable until well after the initial impact. This delayed response occurs because concussions involve not just the initial trauma, but also a complex series of chemical changes in the brain that take time to develop. […] This delayed onset can make it tricky to connect symptoms back to the head injury. Many people assume they’re just tired or stressed, not realizing they may have a concussion. That’s why it’s important to monitor for symptoms even days after a head injury. […] A stronger impact generally leads to faster symptom onset, but even minor hits can result in delayed symptoms.

• #37 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #38

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  Approximately 80 percent of concussions resolve over seven to 14 days, with an average of 10 days. […] A concussed patients recovery has two and sometimes three phases depending on the severity of the concussion: […] Acute phase is the initial period after sustaining a concussion in which the patient is still experiencing symptoms. This phase can last a week or more. During the acute phase, the concussed brain requires mental and physical rest to recover from the injury. […] People who have had a concussion should avoid texting, computer use, video games, television, driving, loud music and music through headphones because all of these activities make the brain work harder to process information and can exacerbate symptoms and slow the recovery process. […] Additionally, people with concussions may not participate in any physical activity until cleared by a health care provider, including gym class, weightlifting and sports activities due to the risk of second impact syndrome.

• #39 Head Injury (Concussion) | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/head-injury-concussion

  A concussion is a head injury. Concussion symptoms can be mild or severe. […] Concussion symptoms can be mild or severe. They can also come and go. They may last minutes to weeks, but they should all go away with time. […] Most children return to typical function in 3-4 weeks after a concussion. About one in four children can have symptoms that continue for a longer time. This is called Persisting Symptoms after Concussion, or Post-Concussion Syndrome.

• #40 Concussions: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/concussion-traumatic-brain-injury-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Emergency symptoms of a concussion include: weakness in the arms or legs, being very pale for more than an hour, changes in behavior, becoming easily confused, such as not being able to recognize places or people, slurred speech, problems with mental function, stumbling or clumsiness, vomiting or nausea, dilated pupils, ringing in the ears that doesn’t go away, seizures or convulsions, dizziness that won’t go away, no improvement in your condition, being unconscious for longer than 30 seconds, worsening headache, fluid or blood draining from the nose or ears. […] By this phase your symptoms should be improving. You can gradually start to increase your physical and mental activities, but if they trigger you, take a break. Your doctor will tell you when it’s safe to return to sports. You may need accommodations at school or work. Full recovery for those under 18 is normally considered 30 days, and for those over 18 is 14 days. But the severity of your symptoms play a role in how quickly you’ll be back to yourself.

• #41

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  Ultimately, the key to a speedy recovery is both physical and mental rest. […] Recovery phase occurs once the patient feels physical improvement, such as headaches subsiding, and postconcussion neurocognitive test scores have improved. […] However, academic accommodations may be required during the recovery phase because the concussion may still affect thinking, attention, focus, memory, learning speed and mental processing. […] Chronic phase occurs in some cases when the patient may experience more long-lasting (chronic) problems with cognitive function. […] If unmanaged, these problems have the potential to significantly impact the patients life as a whole. […] Patients who are in the chronic phase of a concussion will be referred to one of our neuro rehab specialists who will treat the chronic symptoms.

• #42 Signs and Symptoms of Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away. […] Concussion symptoms are what your child is feeling after the injury. Concussion signs are what you see when your child is experiencing symptoms related to their injury. […] Concussion symptoms may change during recovery. […] Concussion symptoms are most severe right after the injury (usually 1 to 2 days after the injury). […] Keep in mind that concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away; they may take hours or days to appear or be noticed. […] If their symptoms get worse, be sure to share this information with their healthcare provider. […] Concussion danger signs can be hard to tell apart from a more life-threatening brain injury. […] Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department if you notice any of the following danger signs following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head: A headache that gets worse and does not go away. […] Repeated nausea or vomiting. […] Loss of consciousness with increasing drowsiness, inability to wake up, or inability to stay awake.

• #43 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #44 How long will it take me to recover from a concussion? – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/nbiic/how-long-will-it-take-me-to-recover-from-a-concussion

  The timetable for recovery varies. Younger children and older adults tend to take longer to recover. People who try to rush things and don’t manage their symptoms tend to take longer to recover. […] If you are having symptoms that are not resolving or are getting worse, you should discuss these symptoms with your doctor.

• #45 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  PCS is a constellation of physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional symptoms occurring after TBI. These symptoms include a headache, fatigue, vision changes, disturbances in balance, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and difficulty with concentration. Approximately 90% of concussion symptoms are transient, with symptoms resolving within 10 to 14 days but may linger for weeks. Persistent PCS occurs when symptoms persist past 3 months. […] Research has shown that mild TBI resulting in persistent PCS has lasting effects on cognition, memory, learning, and executive function. Patients who suffer more than one brain injury are at increased risk for PCS. […] Evaluation of PCS requires recognition of residual symptoms following TBI. Due to the ambiguity of symptoms, recognition takes time, and thus, treatment is often delayed.

• #46 Head injury – return to school and sport

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Head_injury-return_to_sport/

  The recovery time for children with concussion can vary, as can their symptoms. Children and adolescents with concussion can take up to four weeks to recover, but most concussions will get better on their own over several days. […] If your child has had a concussion, they should not return to sport for 21 days. However, if they still show signs of concussion at 21 days, it is important they wait until all their symptoms have resolved. […] Following repeated concussions, your doctor may recommend your child avoid contact sports and any activities with increased risk of head injury for a period of time. […] If your child’s symptoms worsen or your child is experiencing new symptoms of concussion, seek urgent medical attention. […] If your child returns to sport too soon after a head injury, their reflexes may be dulled, their peripheral vision affected and their response times slightly slower.

• #47 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #48 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  The ICD-10 defines PCS as the symptoms outlined above persisting for longer than 3 weeks, is more general, and encompasses more patients. Most patients recover in the first 7 to 10 days following an injury and will require no further evaluation. […] In 85% to 90% of cases, mild TBI is self-limited and does not progress to PCS. In the minority of cases that do not recover to baseline at 4 weeks post-injury, management, and physiological treatment is important in patients returning to baseline mental and physical activity. […] PCS has a good prognosis in general terms. The symptoms and disability are greatest within the first week in most cases. However, after one month, symptoms are improved and most of the time even resolved. […] A small number of patients can continue with disabling symptoms that persist after several months or a year. On some occasions, these symptoms may be more disabling than they were immediately after the injury. While the entire symptom complex persists in most cases, emotional symptoms seem particularly prominent.

• #49 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #50 Post Concussion Syndrome: Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment | Cognitive FX

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/post-concussion-syndrome-and-post-concussion-symptoms-pcs

  Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) occurs when a patient experiences persistent symptoms three months or more after a head injury. Those symptoms could include headaches, brain fog, fatigue, sleep problems, memory issues, vision problems, and more. […] Post-concussion symptoms can last for weeks, months, or even years after the concussive event. In general, if your symptoms have not gone away after three months, it’s a good idea to explore treatment options. […] Post-concussion syndrome can be permanent if you do not receive treatment, but often resolves or improves with the right therapy. […] Post-concussion symptoms can persist or recur years after the original injury. In general, PCS symptoms tend to stay the same or get worse over time until they are properly treated. […] Many studies have found that PCS recovery time varies drastically. Some patients recover after a couple of weeks without any long-term side effects; others struggle with symptoms for the rest of their lives. Some studies even go as far to state that PCS may be permanent if recovery has not occurred by 3 years.

• #51 How long will it take me to recover from a concussion? – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/nbiic/how-long-will-it-take-me-to-recover-from-a-concussion

  The timetable for recovery varies. Younger children and older adults tend to take longer to recover. People who try to rush things and don’t manage their symptoms tend to take longer to recover. […] If you are having symptoms that are not resolving or are getting worse, you should discuss these symptoms with your doctor.

• #52 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  The minimum time someone should take to return to normal life and sport is 21 days. […] Studies have shown that someone is more likely to take longer to recover if they: are a child or young person, have a significant history of previous concussion, are a female athlete, have ADHD or mental health disorders. […] Very rarely, some people get a condition called second-impact syndrome. This can happen if one or more concussions happen close together. It can be fatal. This is why it’s important not to play on after a suspected concussion. […] In some cases, symptoms of a concussion can last more than 28 days. This is called post-concussion syndrome. If someone’s concussion symptoms last for more than 28 days, they should contact their GP practice. […] Repeated, poorly managed concussions have been linked to conditions like dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

• #53 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #54 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery

  Recovery is influenced by several important factors, but age appears to be particularly important. Normal recovery for those younger than 18 is considered 30 days, and for those older than 18 is considered 14 days. […] A goal of recovery management is to avoid prolonged recovery, but 10-30% of those experiencing concussion can experience prolonged recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery include initial symptom burden, female gender, age less than 18, with ages approximately 13-17 being at highest risk for prolonged recovery, history of mental health issues, concurrent cervical involvement, and convergence insufficiency.

• #55 How Long After Hitting Head Can Concussion Symptoms Start? | Addison Chiropractic and Sports Clinic

  https://addisonsportsclinic.com/how-long-after-hitting-head-can-concussion-symptoms-start/

  People who have had a concussion before are more likely to experience symptoms sooner and for a longer duration. […] Younger individuals and older adults may have different symptom onset timelines. Those with pre-existing conditions, such as migraines or anxiety, may also experience a heightened or prolonged response. […] Every concussion is different, and recovery time varies based on the severity of the injury, overall health, and how well the person follows post-concussion care guidelines. While most people recover within a few weeks, others experience lingering symptoms for months. […] Concussions can be unpredictable, with symptoms appearing immediately or days after the initial impact. Understanding these timelines helps you recognize warning signs early, seek appropriate care, and avoid complications.

• #56 Concussion | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/concussion

  Often, symptoms will worsen over a matter of days, and it is common for new symptoms to appear in the days following the injury. Symptoms may also worsen when the brain is stressed, for example, when a child is doing schoolwork or participating in a physical activity. […] For children with pre-existing conditions, such as migraine headaches, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), visual disorders, and emotional and mental health conditions, concussion symptoms may be more severe or prolonged. […] A lot of us grew up thinking that when you have a concussion, it’s no big deal. That you’ll be better in a few days and there’s nothing to really worry about. There’s probably up to a third of kids where they can have really debilitating issues with headache, dizziness, balance issues, sleep issues, emotional issues that can last for weeks and sometimes even months.

• #57 Concussion – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537017/

  The severity of symptoms within the first few days after a head injury is the most consistent prognostic indicator. […] The prognosis for a patient with a concussion is usually good, with symptom improvement in the first 1 to 2 weeks post-injury. Previous research indicated the recovery timeframe after a concussion was typically about 10 days. However, the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sports recently relaxed the expected recovery timeframe for sports-related concussions, stating that most injured athletes clinically recover within a month. […] The most commonly seen complication of a concussion is post-concussion syndrome (PCS), characterized by persistent symptoms lasting weeks to months after the initial injury. The median duration of symptoms in 1 study was 7 months. […] The transition from a concussion to the post-concussion syndrome is „ill-defined and poorly understood.” […] A greater number, severity, and duration of symptoms with previous concussions can be predictive of longer recovery time.

• #58 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Prognosis is generally good, with most experiencing symptom resolution within a few weeks to months. However, symptom resolution does not necessarily indicate complete physiological recovery and subtle deficits that are not measurable through subjective assessments may persist. Patients are at increased risk of re-injury during the recovery period, even if they are asymptomatic. Re-injury before complete recovery can result in more severe and longer-lasting physiological/clinical disturbances. […] While most patients recover well, one in four youth and at least one in six adults have persisting symptoms (i.e., those that remain 4 weeks) and concussion-related disability. High initial symptom severity is the strongest, most reliable predictor of persisting symptoms. […] Early and active management is associated with improved outcomes while prolonged periods of rest may hinder concussion recovery. It is important that patients avoid activities that risk reoccurrence of head trauma until medical readiness has been determined.

• #59 Head Injury | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/h/head-injury.html

  A head injury is a broad term that describes many injuries that occur to the scalp, skull, brain, and underlying tissue and blood vessels in the head. Head injuries are also commonly referred to as brain injury, or traumatic brain injury (TBI), depending on the extent of the head trauma. […] Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the head injury. These are the most common symptoms of a head injury. […] Mild head injury Symptoms include: Raised, swollen area from a bump or a bruise, Small, superficial (shallow) cut in the scalp, Headache, Sensitivity to noise and light, Irritability, Confusion, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Problems with balance, Nausea, Problems with memory or concentration, Change in sleep patterns, Blurred vision, „Tired” eyes, Ringing in the ears (tinnitus), Alteration in taste, Fatigue or lethargy.

• #60 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery

  Recovery is influenced by several important factors, but age appears to be particularly important. Normal recovery for those younger than 18 is considered 30 days, and for those older than 18 is considered 14 days. […] A goal of recovery management is to avoid prolonged recovery, but 10-30% of those experiencing concussion can experience prolonged recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery include initial symptom burden, female gender, age less than 18, with ages approximately 13-17 being at highest risk for prolonged recovery, history of mental health issues, concurrent cervical involvement, and convergence insufficiency.

• #61 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Prognosis is generally good, with most experiencing symptom resolution within a few weeks to months. However, symptom resolution does not necessarily indicate complete physiological recovery and subtle deficits that are not measurable through subjective assessments may persist. Patients are at increased risk of re-injury during the recovery period, even if they are asymptomatic. Re-injury before complete recovery can result in more severe and longer-lasting physiological/clinical disturbances. […] While most patients recover well, one in four youth and at least one in six adults have persisting symptoms (i.e., those that remain 4 weeks) and concussion-related disability. High initial symptom severity is the strongest, most reliable predictor of persisting symptoms. […] Early and active management is associated with improved outcomes while prolonged periods of rest may hinder concussion recovery. It is important that patients avoid activities that risk reoccurrence of head trauma until medical readiness has been determined.

• #62 Signs of Concussion in a Child & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/signs-concussion-child

  Post-concussion syndrome, or post-concussive syndrome, occurs when concussion symptoms last longer than the expected recovery period. Children with the condition may receive the diagnosis if their symptoms last longer than 3 weeks. […] The critical element in concussion is reporting it early, and getting early, focused treatment, says Dr. Zafonte. Recent studies on young athletes have shown that recovery within the first week leads to faster recovery times. So, if you believe your child has a concussion, its important to seek medical care as soon as possible so serious injury can be ruled out or addressed. […] When dealing with a concussion, its important to rest. Weve learned prolonged rest doesnt help concussions, but a brief period of rest might, says Dr. Zafonte.

• #63 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Prognosis is generally good, with most experiencing symptom resolution within a few weeks to months. However, symptom resolution does not necessarily indicate complete physiological recovery and subtle deficits that are not measurable through subjective assessments may persist. Patients are at increased risk of re-injury during the recovery period, even if they are asymptomatic. Re-injury before complete recovery can result in more severe and longer-lasting physiological/clinical disturbances. […] While most patients recover well, one in four youth and at least one in six adults have persisting symptoms (i.e., those that remain 4 weeks) and concussion-related disability. High initial symptom severity is the strongest, most reliable predictor of persisting symptoms. […] Early and active management is associated with improved outcomes while prolonged periods of rest may hinder concussion recovery. It is important that patients avoid activities that risk reoccurrence of head trauma until medical readiness has been determined.

• #64 How long will it take me to recover from a concussion? – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/nbiic/how-long-will-it-take-me-to-recover-from-a-concussion

  The timetable for recovery varies. Younger children and older adults tend to take longer to recover. People who try to rush things and don’t manage their symptoms tend to take longer to recover. […] If you are having symptoms that are not resolving or are getting worse, you should discuss these symptoms with your doctor.

• #65 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #66 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  Postconcussive syndrome (PCS) describes the constellation of symptoms that commonly occur after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and patients who suffer more than one brain injury are at increased risk. Symptoms may be physical, cognitive, behavioral, and/or emotional in nature. A few common symptoms seen in patients with postconcussive syndrome include headache, fatigue, vision changes, disturbances in balance, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating. Approximately 90 percent of concussion symptoms are transient, and symptoms typically resolve within 10 to 14 days. However, symptoms may linger for weeks. Persistent postconcussive syndrome occurs when symptoms persist beyond 3 months. Research has shown that mild TBI resulting in persistent post-concussive syndrome has lasting effects on cognition, memory, learning, and executive function.

• #67 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  Symptoms that persist for more than 4 weeks after a concussion are considered persisting symptoms. […] According to the most recent international consensus, symptoms persisting after 4 weeks are considered persisting symptoms, and these patients would be referred to multidisciplinary care. […] A 2022 study found that 50% reported three or more symptoms at a year after their injury, and 70% reported at least one problematic symptom. […] A 2018 study estimated that between 11.4% and 38.7% of people with concussions will develop postconcussion syndrome. […] „Recent literature suggests that the physiological time of recovery may outlast the time for clinical recovery, meaning that the patient appears well to the doctor overseeing her case.” […] Each person with prolonged symptoms will have their own unique cluster of symptoms.

• #68 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #69 Post-concussion syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/post-concussion-syndrome-pcs/

  Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) describes a set of symptoms that sometimes happen after a concussion. They can last for several weeks or months. […] The symptoms of PCS can be physical, psychological or cognitive (affecting your ability to think). You may have more than one type of symptom at a time, but are unlikely to have them all. […] Your symptoms may make it difficult to work and look after yourself. […] For most patients the symptoms gradually improve over time. […] You may be prescribed antidepressants or anti-migraine medication. This doesnt mean your healthcare professional thinks youre depressed or experiencing migraines. These medicines work by reducing abnormal nerve activity in the brain. This means they can help with the physical symptoms of PCS. […] If youre experiencing psychological symptoms, antidepressants can also help with this.

• #70 Mild Closed Head Injury and Headache | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/mild-closed-head-injury-headache/

  The headaches are still present in up to 78% of people three months after the injury, 35% after one year, and 24% after two years. […] Headaches occur in up to 90% of persons who have symptoms from mild head injuries. […] Post-traumatic headaches are more common in those who have a prior history of headaches. […] About 85% are tension type. […] Some people have pain maximum at the back of the head, often diagnosed as greater occipital neuralgia (ON). […] About 15% have migraine headaches, which occur for the first time due to the head injury.

• #71 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  Postconcussive syndrome (PCS) describes the constellation of symptoms that commonly occur after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and patients who suffer more than one brain injury are at increased risk. Symptoms may be physical, cognitive, behavioral, and/or emotional in nature. A few common symptoms seen in patients with postconcussive syndrome include headache, fatigue, vision changes, disturbances in balance, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating. Approximately 90 percent of concussion symptoms are transient, and symptoms typically resolve within 10 to 14 days. However, symptoms may linger for weeks. Persistent postconcussive syndrome occurs when symptoms persist beyond 3 months. Research has shown that mild TBI resulting in persistent post-concussive syndrome has lasting effects on cognition, memory, learning, and executive function.

• #72 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Persistent post-concussive symptoms are symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury that typically last longer than three months. Persistent post-concussive symptoms also are called post-concussion syndrome. The symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and trouble with concentration and memory. Symptoms can last weeks to months. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms in most people appear within the first 7 to 10 days after an injury and typically last longer than three months. But sometimes they can last for a year or more. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and to improve functioning and quality of life. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms can be different in each person. They may include: Headaches, Dizziness, Fatigue, Irritability, Anxiety, Depression, Trouble falling asleep or sleeping too much, Poor concentration and memory, Ringing in the ears, Blurry vision, Noise and light sensitivity, Nausea or vomiting, Neck pain.

• #73 Post-concussion syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/post-concussion-syndrome-pcs/

  Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) describes a set of symptoms that sometimes happen after a concussion. They can last for several weeks or months. […] The symptoms of PCS can be physical, psychological or cognitive (affecting your ability to think). You may have more than one type of symptom at a time, but are unlikely to have them all. […] Your symptoms may make it difficult to work and look after yourself. […] For most patients the symptoms gradually improve over time. […] You may be prescribed antidepressants or anti-migraine medication. This doesnt mean your healthcare professional thinks youre depressed or experiencing migraines. These medicines work by reducing abnormal nerve activity in the brain. This means they can help with the physical symptoms of PCS. […] If youre experiencing psychological symptoms, antidepressants can also help with this.

• #74 Concussions: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/concussion-traumatic-brain-injury-symptoms-causes-treatments

  Post-concussive syndrome is when issues from a concussion linger after you should have recovered. These symptoms can include trouble concentrating, problems with memory, headaches, changes in personality, mood swings, dizziness, fatigue, and insomnia for weeks to months. Delayed concussion symptoms, in which you don’t have symptoms until several days or weeks after the event, can play a role in this as well. […] Symptoms tend to improve within 3 days, but for a full recovery it will typically take about 30 days for those under 18 and 14 days for those over 18.

• #75 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  Symptoms that persist for more than 4 weeks after a concussion are considered persisting symptoms. […] According to the most recent international consensus, symptoms persisting after 4 weeks are considered persisting symptoms, and these patients would be referred to multidisciplinary care. […] A 2022 study found that 50% reported three or more symptoms at a year after their injury, and 70% reported at least one problematic symptom. […] A 2018 study estimated that between 11.4% and 38.7% of people with concussions will develop postconcussion syndrome. […] „Recent literature suggests that the physiological time of recovery may outlast the time for clinical recovery, meaning that the patient appears well to the doctor overseeing her case.” […] Each person with prolonged symptoms will have their own unique cluster of symptoms.

• #76 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  Symptoms that persist for more than 4 weeks after a concussion are considered persisting symptoms. […] According to the most recent international consensus, symptoms persisting after 4 weeks are considered persisting symptoms, and these patients would be referred to multidisciplinary care. […] A 2022 study found that 50% reported three or more symptoms at a year after their injury, and 70% reported at least one problematic symptom. […] A 2018 study estimated that between 11.4% and 38.7% of people with concussions will develop postconcussion syndrome. […] „Recent literature suggests that the physiological time of recovery may outlast the time for clinical recovery, meaning that the patient appears well to the doctor overseeing her case.” […] Each person with prolonged symptoms will have their own unique cluster of symptoms.

• #77 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  Symptoms that persist for more than 4 weeks after a concussion are considered persisting symptoms. […] According to the most recent international consensus, symptoms persisting after 4 weeks are considered persisting symptoms, and these patients would be referred to multidisciplinary care. […] A 2022 study found that 50% reported three or more symptoms at a year after their injury, and 70% reported at least one problematic symptom. […] A 2018 study estimated that between 11.4% and 38.7% of people with concussions will develop postconcussion syndrome. […] „Recent literature suggests that the physiological time of recovery may outlast the time for clinical recovery, meaning that the patient appears well to the doctor overseeing her case.” […] Each person with prolonged symptoms will have their own unique cluster of symptoms.

• #78 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #79 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #80 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #81 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery

  Recovery is influenced by several important factors, but age appears to be particularly important. Normal recovery for those younger than 18 is considered 30 days, and for those older than 18 is considered 14 days. […] A goal of recovery management is to avoid prolonged recovery, but 10-30% of those experiencing concussion can experience prolonged recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery include initial symptom burden, female gender, age less than 18, with ages approximately 13-17 being at highest risk for prolonged recovery, history of mental health issues, concurrent cervical involvement, and convergence insufficiency.

• #82 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #83 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #84 Mild Closed Head Injury and Headache | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/mild-closed-head-injury-headache/

  Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. […] TBI can be associated with significant disability. […] Concussion does not require loss of consciousness. […] Prolonged post-concussion symptoms are more common in those who expect disability, have psychological difficulties and in older age. […] Post-concussion syndrome is a set of complaints that a person experiences for weeks, months, or sometimes years after a concussion. […] The most common PCS complaints are headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, loss of concentration and memory, and noise sensitivity. […] One or more PCS complaints occur in about 50% (38-80%) of people with a mild closed head injury. […] Persistent or prolonged PCS (PPCS) is associated with increased risk when preexisting psychological conditions, expectations of disability and older age are present.

• #85 Mild Closed Head Injury and Headache | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/mild-closed-head-injury-headache/

  Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. […] TBI can be associated with significant disability. […] Concussion does not require loss of consciousness. […] Prolonged post-concussion symptoms are more common in those who expect disability, have psychological difficulties and in older age. […] Post-concussion syndrome is a set of complaints that a person experiences for weeks, months, or sometimes years after a concussion. […] The most common PCS complaints are headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, loss of concentration and memory, and noise sensitivity. […] One or more PCS complaints occur in about 50% (38-80%) of people with a mild closed head injury. […] Persistent or prolonged PCS (PPCS) is associated with increased risk when preexisting psychological conditions, expectations of disability and older age are present.

• #86 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #87 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  The minimum time someone should take to return to normal life and sport is 21 days. […] Studies have shown that someone is more likely to take longer to recover if they: are a child or young person, have a significant history of previous concussion, are a female athlete, have ADHD or mental health disorders. […] Very rarely, some people get a condition called second-impact syndrome. This can happen if one or more concussions happen close together. It can be fatal. This is why it’s important not to play on after a suspected concussion. […] In some cases, symptoms of a concussion can last more than 28 days. This is called post-concussion syndrome. If someone’s concussion symptoms last for more than 28 days, they should contact their GP practice. […] Repeated, poorly managed concussions have been linked to conditions like dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

• #88 Concussion – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/concussion/

  Following a concussion, some people may suffer persisting symptoms, such as memory and concentration problems, mood swings, personality changes, headache, fatigue, dizziness, insomnia and excessive drowsiness for several weeks to months. This is known as post-concussive syndrome. […] Second impact syndrome results from acute and often fatal brain swelling that occurs when a second concussion is sustained before complete recovery from a previous concussion. […] A blow to the head can cause a more serious initial injury to the brain. […] Warning Signs of a Serious Brain Injury: Pain: Constant or recurring headache, Motor dysfunction: Inability to control or coordinate motor functions or disturbance to balance, Sensory: Changes in ability to hear, taste or see; dizziness; hypersensitivity to light or sound, Cognitive: Shortened attention span; easily distracted; overstimulated by environment; difficulty staying focused on a task, following directions or understanding information; feeling of disorientation, confusion and other neuropsychological deficiencies, Speech: Difficulty finding the right word; difficulty expressing words or thoughts; dysarthric speech. […] Seek immediate medical attention if any of these warning signs occur.

• #89 Head injuries and concussion | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/head-injuries-and-concussion

  Most people make a full recovery and the symptoms only last a few days. Some people have ongoing symptoms. If this is the case, visit your local doctor. […] It is best to wait until you are feeling better before you go back to your normal activities. Don’t go to work or school until you have fully recovered. The length of time to wait varies, as it depends on the type of work or study that you do and how severe the head injury was. […] A second concussion that occurs before your brain recovers from the first usually within a short period of time (hours, days or weeks) can slow recovery or increase the likelihood of having long-term problems. […] In rare cases, repeat concussions can result in brain swelling (oedema), permanent brain damage and even death.

• #90 After a Head Injury and Concussion Recovery | MSKTC

  https://msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/concussion-recovery

  A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a blow to the head which causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. […] Most concussion symptoms resolve within hours to days or a few months. […] People with concussions may have temporary symptoms for a brief period of time that include a combination of headaches, poor concentration, fatigue, memory problems, dizziness, and nausea. […] The common symptoms of concussion listed above are part of the recovery process; they are not signs of permanent damage or complications. […] Most people with a concussion who have symptoms recover in hours or a week to a few months. […] Symptoms usually go away without treatment. […] Symptoms are a normal part of recovery; they will usually go away on their own. […] Most children and athletes with sports-related concussions need a doctors release in order to return to play. […] Based on existing evidence, experts think that one or two concussions do not lead to long-term conditions such as CTE, dementia, or Parkinsons disease.

• #91 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #92 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  The minimum time someone should take to return to normal life and sport is 21 days. […] Studies have shown that someone is more likely to take longer to recover if they: are a child or young person, have a significant history of previous concussion, are a female athlete, have ADHD or mental health disorders. […] Very rarely, some people get a condition called second-impact syndrome. This can happen if one or more concussions happen close together. It can be fatal. This is why it’s important not to play on after a suspected concussion. […] In some cases, symptoms of a concussion can last more than 28 days. This is called post-concussion syndrome. If someone’s concussion symptoms last for more than 28 days, they should contact their GP practice. […] Repeated, poorly managed concussions have been linked to conditions like dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

• #93 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Memory loss, brain fog, and challenges recalling events or information are common long-term effects of concussions. In rare cases, a severe concussion can result in a loss of consciousness, slurred speech, and a period of amnesia. […] Long-term memory problems are more common with CTE patients due to repeated disruptions to neural pathways in brain cells. Severe damage to parts of the brain responsible for those cognitive functions can also cause long-term memory deficits and cognitive impairment. […] The trauma from a concussion can disrupt normal brain function and affect your ability to concentrate and focus. Persistent headaches, dizziness, and fatigue in long-term concussion patients can also make it difficult to complete daily tasks related to work and school. […] Behavioral changes can happen when a head injury affects parts of the brain responsible for emotions, behavior, and personality traits.

• #94 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Memory loss, brain fog, and challenges recalling events or information are common long-term effects of concussions. In rare cases, a severe concussion can result in a loss of consciousness, slurred speech, and a period of amnesia. […] Long-term memory problems are more common with CTE patients due to repeated disruptions to neural pathways in brain cells. Severe damage to parts of the brain responsible for those cognitive functions can also cause long-term memory deficits and cognitive impairment. […] The trauma from a concussion can disrupt normal brain function and affect your ability to concentrate and focus. Persistent headaches, dizziness, and fatigue in long-term concussion patients can also make it difficult to complete daily tasks related to work and school. […] Behavioral changes can happen when a head injury affects parts of the brain responsible for emotions, behavior, and personality traits.

• #95 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Personality changes that may occur as symptoms of a concussion include irritability, aggression, anxiety, mood swings, loss of impulse control, problems planning or multi-tasking, apathy, depression, and suicidal ideation. […] Suffering a concussion can increase your risk of developing Parkinsons disease later in life. This includes both CTE and mild TBI from a single concussion. […] People with a history of concussions are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease and dementia. […] Sleep problems are one of the most common concussion long-term effects. Concussions disrupt normal sleep patterns when a brain trauma affects neurons involved in sleep-wake cycles. […] Loss of smell, also known as anosmia or smell blindness, is a common symptom of head trauma. […] A concussion can also cause taste dysfunction, or hypogeusia, and a bad taste in your mouth, or dysgeusia.

• #96 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Personality changes that may occur as symptoms of a concussion include irritability, aggression, anxiety, mood swings, loss of impulse control, problems planning or multi-tasking, apathy, depression, and suicidal ideation. […] Suffering a concussion can increase your risk of developing Parkinsons disease later in life. This includes both CTE and mild TBI from a single concussion. […] People with a history of concussions are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease and dementia. […] Sleep problems are one of the most common concussion long-term effects. Concussions disrupt normal sleep patterns when a brain trauma affects neurons involved in sleep-wake cycles. […] Loss of smell, also known as anosmia or smell blindness, is a common symptom of head trauma. […] A concussion can also cause taste dysfunction, or hypogeusia, and a bad taste in your mouth, or dysgeusia.

• #97 Concussion Treatment | What Are The Symptoms Of Concussion?

  https://www.connectivity.org.au/symptoms-and-care/what-is-mild-tbi-or-concussion/

  Most individuals recover fully from a concussion within a few days to weeks after their injury. However, for some individuals, the recovery process may be longer. Children, adolescents, and adults who experience concussion symptoms for more than 4 weeks after their concussion are said to be experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). […] It is unlikely that a single concussion will cause significant problems for an individual many years down the track, though return to activities of daily living, school, work, and sport/recreational activities can certainly be challenging for children and adults that are experiencing PPCS. […] Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative disease that is observed in people who have suffered one or usually multiple TBI, including mild TBI or concussion. Symptoms may not show for years after the injury and the disease can only be conclusively diagnosed post-mortem. Symptoms include altered mood and behaviours, aggression, depression and control problems. These symptoms may develop into progressive dementia.

• #98 Concussion Treatment | What Are The Symptoms Of Concussion?

  https://www.connectivity.org.au/symptoms-and-care/what-is-mild-tbi-or-concussion/

  Most individuals recover fully from a concussion within a few days to weeks after their injury. However, for some individuals, the recovery process may be longer. Children, adolescents, and adults who experience concussion symptoms for more than 4 weeks after their concussion are said to be experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). […] It is unlikely that a single concussion will cause significant problems for an individual many years down the track, though return to activities of daily living, school, work, and sport/recreational activities can certainly be challenging for children and adults that are experiencing PPCS. […] Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative disease that is observed in people who have suffered one or usually multiple TBI, including mild TBI or concussion. Symptoms may not show for years after the injury and the disease can only be conclusively diagnosed post-mortem. Symptoms include altered mood and behaviours, aggression, depression and control problems. These symptoms may develop into progressive dementia.

• #99 Concussion – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion

  People who experience emotional difficulties may need psychotherapy. […] People should not return to contact sports after a concussion until all ill effects have resolved and medical evaluation has been completed. […] Repeated concussions may increase a persons risk of dementia, Parkinson disease, and depression in later life.

• #100 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Personality changes that may occur as symptoms of a concussion include irritability, aggression, anxiety, mood swings, loss of impulse control, problems planning or multi-tasking, apathy, depression, and suicidal ideation. […] Suffering a concussion can increase your risk of developing Parkinsons disease later in life. This includes both CTE and mild TBI from a single concussion. […] People with a history of concussions are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease and dementia. […] Sleep problems are one of the most common concussion long-term effects. Concussions disrupt normal sleep patterns when a brain trauma affects neurons involved in sleep-wake cycles. […] Loss of smell, also known as anosmia or smell blindness, is a common symptom of head trauma. […] A concussion can also cause taste dysfunction, or hypogeusia, and a bad taste in your mouth, or dysgeusia.

• #101 The Long-Term Effects of Concussions

  https://www.denveruppercervical.com/long-term-effects-of-concussions

  Personality changes that may occur as symptoms of a concussion include irritability, aggression, anxiety, mood swings, loss of impulse control, problems planning or multi-tasking, apathy, depression, and suicidal ideation. […] Suffering a concussion can increase your risk of developing Parkinsons disease later in life. This includes both CTE and mild TBI from a single concussion. […] People with a history of concussions are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease and dementia. […] Sleep problems are one of the most common concussion long-term effects. Concussions disrupt normal sleep patterns when a brain trauma affects neurons involved in sleep-wake cycles. […] Loss of smell, also known as anosmia or smell blindness, is a common symptom of head trauma. […] A concussion can also cause taste dysfunction, or hypogeusia, and a bad taste in your mouth, or dysgeusia.

• #102 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  The minimum time someone should take to return to normal life and sport is 21 days. […] Studies have shown that someone is more likely to take longer to recover if they: are a child or young person, have a significant history of previous concussion, are a female athlete, have ADHD or mental health disorders. […] Very rarely, some people get a condition called second-impact syndrome. This can happen if one or more concussions happen close together. It can be fatal. This is why it’s important not to play on after a suspected concussion. […] In some cases, symptoms of a concussion can last more than 28 days. This is called post-concussion syndrome. If someone’s concussion symptoms last for more than 28 days, they should contact their GP practice. […] Repeated, poorly managed concussions have been linked to conditions like dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

• #103 Head Injury: Types, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/head-injury

  Bleeding inside your skull (a subdural hematoma) is a potentially severe complication of a head injury. If blood builds up inside your skull, it can put extra pressure on your brain and damage it. […] Head injuries may also cause intracranial hemorrhage a type of stroke. […] Some people with mild head injuries have short-term memory loss and may not remember the hit or injury that caused the damage. More severe head injuries can permanently affect your brain function. You might experience permanent memory issues, mental health conditions or lose some of your ability to move or use parts of your body. […] Everyones body responds to head injuries differently. […] Some people take a few weeks to recover from an injury, but sometimes, head injuries can naturally take months (or longer) to heal.

• #104

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  No two concussions are exactly the same, so individualized treatment is necessary. […] Some patients will take longer to recover from a concussion for various reasons. […] Therefore, each concussion is managed on an individual basis. […] Remember: Concussion affects people differently. While most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully, some will have symptoms that last for days or even weeks. A more serious concussion can last for months or longer.

• #105 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #106 Head injury – return to school and sport

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Head_injury-return_to_sport/

  The recovery time for children with concussion can vary, as can their symptoms. Children and adolescents with concussion can take up to four weeks to recover, but most concussions will get better on their own over several days. […] If your child has had a concussion, they should not return to sport for 21 days. However, if they still show signs of concussion at 21 days, it is important they wait until all their symptoms have resolved. […] Following repeated concussions, your doctor may recommend your child avoid contact sports and any activities with increased risk of head injury for a period of time. […] If your child’s symptoms worsen or your child is experiencing new symptoms of concussion, seek urgent medical attention. […] If your child returns to sport too soon after a head injury, their reflexes may be dulled, their peripheral vision affected and their response times slightly slower.

• #107 Concussion | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/concussion

  Sometimes children take longer than adults to get better. Certainly, there are some cases where kids can have a concussion and they can recover within a few days. But there are definitely many cases where kids can take longer. So you want to be ready for that, not just assume that they will have a short recovery. […] In a subset of patients who have prolonged symptoms, usually about 10 percent of adolescent concussions, rest is no longer a benefit for them. And so, as a general guideline, after the three- to four-week mark, we’re going to have individuals do activities, regardless of symptoms. […] The earlier you take care of it, the better off you’re going to be. But if you delay pulling yourself out and getting the rest that you need to get your concussion to heal, the more likely you are to have issues that will be longer in terms of symptoms and recovery.

• #108 Concussion – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537017/

  The severity of symptoms within the first few days after a head injury is the most consistent prognostic indicator. […] The prognosis for a patient with a concussion is usually good, with symptom improvement in the first 1 to 2 weeks post-injury. Previous research indicated the recovery timeframe after a concussion was typically about 10 days. However, the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sports recently relaxed the expected recovery timeframe for sports-related concussions, stating that most injured athletes clinically recover within a month. […] The most commonly seen complication of a concussion is post-concussion syndrome (PCS), characterized by persistent symptoms lasting weeks to months after the initial injury. The median duration of symptoms in 1 study was 7 months. […] The transition from a concussion to the post-concussion syndrome is „ill-defined and poorly understood.” […] A greater number, severity, and duration of symptoms with previous concussions can be predictive of longer recovery time.

• #109 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  According to the Mayo Clinic, „the risk of developing persistent post-concussive symptoms doesn’t appear to be associated with the severity of the initial injury.” […] However, numerous studies do show a relationship between the severity of early concussion symptoms (within 24 hours) and longer recovery times. […] Dr. Elizabeth Sandel says, „The prognosis for PCS is good. Its believed that around 50% of people with a history of mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) or concussion are still experiencing symptoms three months after their injury, and at a year that number has dropped to 10-15%, meaning that the majority of the symptoms go away within a year of the injury.” […] The Center for Disease Control Prevention notes that „In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children, and teens.”

• #110 Concussion in Toddlers & Babies: Symptoms & Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/concussion-prevention-recognition-in-little-ones/

  Babies and toddlers will likely be unable to explain or tell you about their concussion symptoms. […] After a child has a head injury, it may not be immediately obvious that something is wrong. Most children who have a concussion do not pass out or lose consciousness. […] Signs that the child has a head injury may not become clear until a few hours or days later. […] Unlike older children, babies and toddlers may not be able to tell you when they are having a headache, dizziness, light/sound sensitivity, or other concussion symptoms. […] If you suspect your child has a concussion, they should receive immediate medical attention. […] Most children will recover within 2-4 weeks and go back to their normal activities without the return of symptoms.

• #111 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery

  Recovery is influenced by several important factors, but age appears to be particularly important. Normal recovery for those younger than 18 is considered 30 days, and for those older than 18 is considered 14 days. […] A goal of recovery management is to avoid prolonged recovery, but 10-30% of those experiencing concussion can experience prolonged recovery. […] Factors associated with prolonged recovery include initial symptom burden, female gender, age less than 18, with ages approximately 13-17 being at highest risk for prolonged recovery, history of mental health issues, concurrent cervical involvement, and convergence insufficiency.

• #112 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #113

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  No two concussions are exactly the same, so individualized treatment is necessary. […] Some patients will take longer to recover from a concussion for various reasons. […] Therefore, each concussion is managed on an individual basis. […] Remember: Concussion affects people differently. While most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully, some will have symptoms that last for days or even weeks. A more serious concussion can last for months or longer.

• #114 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html

  Factors predictive of recovery are poorly defined. Traditional markers (e.g., loss of consciousness, amnesia) do not have a clear association with prolonged recovery. The most consistent predictor of prolonged recovery is more severe symptoms immediately following injury. […] An individualized approach to return to activity is favored over rigid guidelines, and most algorithms allow for patients to progress at various rates. […] After an initial rest period of at least 24 to 48 hours, patients should be encouraged to gradually return to their normal daily routines, such as school, work, and leisure activities, as tolerated. […] A multidisciplinary approach should be considered for those with prolonged symptoms, including referral to a physician experienced in concussion management and for formal neuropsychiatric testing.

• #115

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  No two concussions are exactly the same, so individualized treatment is necessary. […] Some patients will take longer to recover from a concussion for various reasons. […] Therefore, each concussion is managed on an individual basis. […] Remember: Concussion affects people differently. While most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully, some will have symptoms that last for days or even weeks. A more serious concussion can last for months or longer.

• #116 How to spot a concussion and what to do if you suspect a brain injurymenu iconsearch iconsubscribe iconsearch iconarrow up right icon

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/how-to-spot-a-concussion-and-what-to-do-if-you-suspect-a-brain-injury/2022/09

  Concussions and brain injuries happen frequently in athletes who play contact sports. But it’s important to note that they can happen to anyone who falls or takes a blow to the head, such as in a car crash. […] Returning to physical activity too soon after a concussion increases the risk of serious injury or death. That’s because there isn’t enough time to allow the injury to heal. Research shows that athletes who continue to play with concussion symptoms are 6 times more likely to have a longer recovery. For this reason, it’s important to spot concussions early. […] A concussion is a mild injury to the brain that disrupts how the brain normally works. Usually, it’s caused by a sudden blow or impact to the head. You do not have to be knocked out or lose consciousness to have a concussion.

• #117 Action Plan: What to Do After Sustaining a Concussion | Concussion.org

  https://concussion.org/news/action-plan-what-to-do-after-sustaining-concussion/

  Concussions are a form of traumatic head injury caused by a bump or blow to the head, or even a subtle, sharp jolt. While their symptoms can seem minor or take some time to appear, concussions carry serious risks and can have long-lasting side effects. […] Be on the lookout for early and common symptoms of a concussion, such as a headache, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, confusion, sensitivity to light, blurry vision, irritability and nausea, according to The Cleveland Clinic. Some symptoms of concussion might not develop until hours or even days after a blow to the head, according to the CDC. […] Recovery from a concussion takes up to two weeks for many people, or even longer for about 20 percent of the population, according to the Mayo Clinic. […] Its not unusual for the effects of a concussion to be delayed by days or weeks. Post-concussive syndrome can appear even months after your initial injury. Untreated concussions can have serious, long-term effects, including post-traumatic headache and neurodegenerative issues, according to the Mayo Clinic.

• #118 Persistent post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussion syndrome) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353352

  Headaches after a concussion most often feel like migraines. The headaches also might feel like tension-type headaches, which may be related to a neck injury that happened at the same time as the head injury. […] More research is needed to better understand how and why persistent post-concussive symptoms happen after some injuries and in some people but not in others. […] Persistent post-concussive symptoms may result directly from the impact of the injury itself. Or symptoms may trigger other conditions such as migraines. Symptoms also may be related to other factors. These may include trouble with sleep, dizziness, stress and mental health. Your healthcare professional works with you to understand the cause of your symptoms and which treatments may help. […] Risk factors for developing persistent post-concussive symptoms include: Age. Persistent post-concussive symptoms usually are reported in people ages 20 to 30. But studies also show that older adults are at risk of more serious and prolonged persistent post-concussive symptoms. […] A previous brain injury is linked to persistent post-concussive symptoms. But lasting symptoms also can happen after a single concussion. […] The only known way to prevent persistent post-concussive symptoms is to avoid a head injury in the first place.

• #119 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #120 Your Guide to Navigating Delayed Concussion Symptoms | Aviv

  https://aviv-clinics.com/blog/brain-health/delayed-concussion-symptoms-why-they-happen-and-what-you-can-do/

  A concussion lasting more than three months may result in changes in cognition whether physical and/or emotional or sleep. […] It is possible to have a traumatic brain injury and not know it. […] While some symptoms surface immediately after a head injury, delayed concussion symptoms are possible due to the complex way the brain responds to trauma. […] Delayed concussion symptoms can occur for several reasons. […] The evolution of concussion symptoms over time emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and seeking adequate treatment. […] Symptoms of PCS may be an extension of your acute injury or they can start to show weeks after concussion when a concussion or TBI survivor just isn’t getting better. […] PCS symptoms can last anywhere from weeks to years. […] PCS symptoms can turn permanent if not addressed soon enough.

• #121 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  Postconcussive syndrome (PCS) describes the constellation of symptoms that commonly occur after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and patients who suffer more than one brain injury are at increased risk. Symptoms may be physical, cognitive, behavioral, and/or emotional in nature. A few common symptoms seen in patients with postconcussive syndrome include headache, fatigue, vision changes, disturbances in balance, confusion, dizziness, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating. Approximately 90 percent of concussion symptoms are transient, and symptoms typically resolve within 10 to 14 days. However, symptoms may linger for weeks. Persistent postconcussive syndrome occurs when symptoms persist beyond 3 months. Research has shown that mild TBI resulting in persistent post-concussive syndrome has lasting effects on cognition, memory, learning, and executive function.

• #122 Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms — Concussion Alliance

  https://www.concussionalliance.org/prolonged-symptoms

  „Treatment of PCS typically focuses on relieving the individual symptoms, as the underlying cause of PCS isn’t known and therefore can’t be addressed as a condition.” […] PCS can be extremely disruptive to a patient’s life. In addition to having to constantly manage concussion symptoms, which can intensify with normal activity, long-term PCS patients often have to restructure their lives to avoid activities and situations that cause symptoms to worsen.

• #123 Head injuries – symptoms, treatments and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/head-injuries

  Concussion is a head injury that affects how the brain works, usually temporarily. You may have passed out or be confused. […] It can include symptoms such as: headache, nausea and dizziness, vision changes, poor balance, difficulty remembering things or thinking slowly, changes in sleep, changes in emotion including anxiety, irritability and sadness. […] Go to the emergency department straight away or call triple zero (000) and ask for an ambulance if you have a head injury and: vomit more than once or are unable to control your bowel or bladder, have trouble seeing, hearing or speaking normally, have a headache which is getting worse or wont go away, are confused, have trouble remembering things or are not able to stay awake during the day, have bleeding or fluid coming from the ear or nose, have a seizure, blackout or feel like you will faint, have weakness or numbness anywhere in your body.

• #124 Signs and Symptoms of Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away. […] Concussion symptoms are what your child is feeling after the injury. Concussion signs are what you see when your child is experiencing symptoms related to their injury. […] Concussion symptoms may change during recovery. […] Concussion symptoms are most severe right after the injury (usually 1 to 2 days after the injury). […] Keep in mind that concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away; they may take hours or days to appear or be noticed. […] If their symptoms get worse, be sure to share this information with their healthcare provider. […] Concussion danger signs can be hard to tell apart from a more life-threatening brain injury. […] Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department if you notice any of the following danger signs following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head: A headache that gets worse and does not go away. […] Repeated nausea or vomiting. […] Loss of consciousness with increasing drowsiness, inability to wake up, or inability to stay awake.

• #125 Signs and Symptoms of Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away. […] Concussion symptoms are what your child is feeling after the injury. Concussion signs are what you see when your child is experiencing symptoms related to their injury. […] Concussion symptoms may change during recovery. […] Concussion symptoms are most severe right after the injury (usually 1 to 2 days after the injury). […] Keep in mind that concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away; they may take hours or days to appear or be noticed. […] If their symptoms get worse, be sure to share this information with their healthcare provider. […] Concussion danger signs can be hard to tell apart from a more life-threatening brain injury. […] Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department if you notice any of the following danger signs following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head: A headache that gets worse and does not go away. […] Repeated nausea or vomiting. […] Loss of consciousness with increasing drowsiness, inability to wake up, or inability to stay awake.

• #126 Symptoms of Concussion – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/what-is-a-brain-injury/concussion-mtbi/common-symptoms-of-concussion

  Symptoms of concussion can range from being hard-to-see to quite obvious. The general signs of concussion include: Dizziness, Headaches, Blurred Vision, Nausea, Vomiting, Slurred Speech, Appearing Dazed, Confused, Ringing in the Ears, Delayed Response to Questions, Loss of Consciousness. […] Following a concussion, one may feel or demonstrate a variety of cognitive, physical, emotional, and/or sleep issues. […] Health care professionals recommend individuals contact their physician, emergency medical services (EMS), or go to the nearest emergency department immediately if someone sustains a bump, blow, or jolt to the head and has these symptoms: A headache that gets worse and does not go away; Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination; Repeated vomiting or nausea; Slurred speech; Drowsiness or cannot be awakened; One pupil is larger than the other; Convulsions or seizures; Does not recognize people or places; Get increasingly confused, restless, or agitated; Unusual behavior; and/or Loss of consciousness.

• #127 Signs and Symptoms of Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away. […] Concussion symptoms are what your child is feeling after the injury. Concussion signs are what you see when your child is experiencing symptoms related to their injury. […] Concussion symptoms may change during recovery. […] Concussion symptoms are most severe right after the injury (usually 1 to 2 days after the injury). […] Keep in mind that concussion signs and symptoms may not show up right away; they may take hours or days to appear or be noticed. […] If their symptoms get worse, be sure to share this information with their healthcare provider. […] Concussion danger signs can be hard to tell apart from a more life-threatening brain injury. […] Call 911 or go to your nearest emergency department if you notice any of the following danger signs following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head: A headache that gets worse and does not go away. […] Repeated nausea or vomiting. […] Loss of consciousness with increasing drowsiness, inability to wake up, or inability to stay awake.

• #128 Head Injury | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/h/head-injury.html

  Moderate to severe head injury This needs medical attention right away. Symptoms may include any of the above plus: Loss of consciousness, Severe headache that does not go away, Repeated nausea and vomiting, Loss of short-term memory, such as difficulty remembering the events that led right up to and through the traumatic event, Slurred speech, Trouble walking, Weakness in one side or area of the body, Sweating, Pale skin color, Seizures or convulsions, Behavior changes, including irritability, Blood or clear fluid draining from the ears or nose, One pupil (dark area in the center of the eye) is dilated, or looks larger, than the other eye and doesn’t constrict, or get smaller, when exposed to light, Deep cut or laceration in the scalp, Open wound in the head, Foreign object penetrating the head, Coma (when you are unconscious and cant be awakened, dont respond to stimuli), Vegetative state (when you have lost thinking abilities and awareness of your surroundings but can do basic functions, such as breathing and blood circulation), Locked-in syndrome (a neurological condition in which a person is conscious and can think and reason but cant speak or move). […] The symptoms of a head injury may look like other problems or medical conditions. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. […] Severe head injury needs close monitoring for increased intracranial pressure.

• #129 Symptoms of Concussion – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/what-is-a-brain-injury/concussion-mtbi/common-symptoms-of-concussion

  Symptoms of concussion can range from being hard-to-see to quite obvious. The general signs of concussion include: Dizziness, Headaches, Blurred Vision, Nausea, Vomiting, Slurred Speech, Appearing Dazed, Confused, Ringing in the Ears, Delayed Response to Questions, Loss of Consciousness. […] Following a concussion, one may feel or demonstrate a variety of cognitive, physical, emotional, and/or sleep issues. […] Health care professionals recommend individuals contact their physician, emergency medical services (EMS), or go to the nearest emergency department immediately if someone sustains a bump, blow, or jolt to the head and has these symptoms: A headache that gets worse and does not go away; Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination; Repeated vomiting or nausea; Slurred speech; Drowsiness or cannot be awakened; One pupil is larger than the other; Convulsions or seizures; Does not recognize people or places; Get increasingly confused, restless, or agitated; Unusual behavior; and/or Loss of consciousness.

• #130 Concussion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/head-and-neck-injuries/concussion/

  If someone has a head injury and: lost consciousness or was unresponsive for any length of time, is getting more drowsy, has lost memory of events, either before or after the injury, is getting increasingly confused or irritable, is struggling to communicate, is struggling to understand other people, has had a seizure (fit), has a severe headache, or one that is getting worse, is vomiting repeatedly, has severe neck pain, has bruising around ears or eyes, has fluid coming from the nose, has a history of brain surgery, has a bleeding disorder, is on medication to thin their blood, like warfarin, is drunk or has been taking recreational drugs. […] Concussion can cause complications which can be severe. This is why you should treat anyone with a suspected concussion as if they definitely have one.

• #131 Symptoms of Concussion – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/what-is-a-brain-injury/concussion-mtbi/common-symptoms-of-concussion

  Symptoms of concussion can range from being hard-to-see to quite obvious. The general signs of concussion include: Dizziness, Headaches, Blurred Vision, Nausea, Vomiting, Slurred Speech, Appearing Dazed, Confused, Ringing in the Ears, Delayed Response to Questions, Loss of Consciousness. […] Following a concussion, one may feel or demonstrate a variety of cognitive, physical, emotional, and/or sleep issues. […] Health care professionals recommend individuals contact their physician, emergency medical services (EMS), or go to the nearest emergency department immediately if someone sustains a bump, blow, or jolt to the head and has these symptoms: A headache that gets worse and does not go away; Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination; Repeated vomiting or nausea; Slurred speech; Drowsiness or cannot be awakened; One pupil is larger than the other; Convulsions or seizures; Does not recognize people or places; Get increasingly confused, restless, or agitated; Unusual behavior; and/or Loss of consciousness.

• #132 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Prognosis is generally good, with most experiencing symptom resolution within a few weeks to months. However, symptom resolution does not necessarily indicate complete physiological recovery and subtle deficits that are not measurable through subjective assessments may persist. Patients are at increased risk of re-injury during the recovery period, even if they are asymptomatic. Re-injury before complete recovery can result in more severe and longer-lasting physiological/clinical disturbances. […] While most patients recover well, one in four youth and at least one in six adults have persisting symptoms (i.e., those that remain 4 weeks) and concussion-related disability. High initial symptom severity is the strongest, most reliable predictor of persisting symptoms. […] Early and active management is associated with improved outcomes while prolonged periods of rest may hinder concussion recovery. It is important that patients avoid activities that risk reoccurrence of head trauma until medical readiness has been determined.

• #133 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Physical activity and aerobic exercise are important interventions to decrease concussion-related symptoms and reduce the risk of persistent symptoms. This activity can begin even in the presence of mild residual symptoms. However, activity should be slowed if there is more than mild and brief exacerbation of symptoms. […] Headache, sleep disturbances, and mood changes are the most important symptoms to manage as these respond best to intervention and may impact other concussion-related symptoms.

• #134 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html

  Factors predictive of recovery are poorly defined. Traditional markers (e.g., loss of consciousness, amnesia) do not have a clear association with prolonged recovery. The most consistent predictor of prolonged recovery is more severe symptoms immediately following injury. […] An individualized approach to return to activity is favored over rigid guidelines, and most algorithms allow for patients to progress at various rates. […] After an initial rest period of at least 24 to 48 hours, patients should be encouraged to gradually return to their normal daily routines, such as school, work, and leisure activities, as tolerated. […] A multidisciplinary approach should be considered for those with prolonged symptoms, including referral to a physician experienced in concussion management and for formal neuropsychiatric testing.

• #135 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery

  The acute symptomatic phase is defined as the time from injury, through maximum symptoms, to the beginning of when the symptoms resolve. Typically, this phase lasts less than three days. […] In the first one to two days after suffering a concussion, near complete rest is important. […] During the acute symptomatic phase, it is typical that thinking and physical activity can make symptoms worse. […] The recovery phase is characterized by lessening symptoms. […] During this phase it is common that symptoms will worsen with more thinking and physical activity. […] After a 1-2 day period of rest, gradually increasing thinking and physical activity should be encouraged. […] During the recovery phase factors that are causing symptoms should be sought and treatment plans put in place for their resolution.

• #136 Concussions (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/concussions.html

  Healing from a mild concussion involves a gradual return to activities that finds a balance between doing too much and too little. […] Stay out of all sports and any activities that could lead to head injury (like rough play, or riding a bike or skateboard) until your symptoms are completely gone and you’re cleared by a health care provider. Its important to prevent another concussion because repeated concussions can have long-lasting, serious effects on the brain. […] Each person with a concussion heals at their own pace. It’s good to add reasonable activities but also to know when your body and brain need more time to heal. Never try to tough it out if you have trouble with an activity. This can slow your recovery and could make the concussion symptoms worse.

• #137 How long will it take me to recover from a concussion? – Brain Injury Association of America

  https://biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/nbiic/how-long-will-it-take-me-to-recover-from-a-concussion

  The timetable for recovery varies. Younger children and older adults tend to take longer to recover. People who try to rush things and don’t manage their symptoms tend to take longer to recover. […] If you are having symptoms that are not resolving or are getting worse, you should discuss these symptoms with your doctor.

• #138 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Physical activity and aerobic exercise are important interventions to decrease concussion-related symptoms and reduce the risk of persistent symptoms. This activity can begin even in the presence of mild residual symptoms. However, activity should be slowed if there is more than mild and brief exacerbation of symptoms. […] Headache, sleep disturbances, and mood changes are the most important symptoms to manage as these respond best to intervention and may impact other concussion-related symptoms.

• #139 Concussion – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion

  To diagnose a concussion, doctors need to make sure brain structures are not damaged. The use of CT, MRI, or both may be needed. If there is no structural brain damage, only the symptoms need be treated. […] For concussion, acetaminophen is given for pain. Aspirin or another nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) should not be taken because they interfere with blood clotting and may contribute to bleeding from damaged blood vessels. Rest of both the body and the brain is the best treatment for a concussion. […] Treatment for postconcussion syndrome is based on the severity of the symptoms. Rest and close observation are important. If symptoms worsen, people who have had a concussion should be taken to the doctor or hospital for evaluation. Athletes who have had concussions should return to play gradually, after specific steps in their rehabilitation.

• #140 Concussion / Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi

  Prognosis is generally good, with most experiencing symptom resolution within a few weeks to months. However, symptom resolution does not necessarily indicate complete physiological recovery and subtle deficits that are not measurable through subjective assessments may persist. Patients are at increased risk of re-injury during the recovery period, even if they are asymptomatic. Re-injury before complete recovery can result in more severe and longer-lasting physiological/clinical disturbances. […] While most patients recover well, one in four youth and at least one in six adults have persisting symptoms (i.e., those that remain 4 weeks) and concussion-related disability. High initial symptom severity is the strongest, most reliable predictor of persisting symptoms. […] Early and active management is associated with improved outcomes while prolonged periods of rest may hinder concussion recovery. It is important that patients avoid activities that risk reoccurrence of head trauma until medical readiness has been determined.

• #141 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Concussions are common injuries, especially among young athletes. Most people recover without long-term effects, but its important not to rush your recovery. […] Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury. Theyre some of the most common (and most commonly misunderstood) injuries that people experience. […] But the effects can be serious and last for days, weeks or even longer. […] One concussion usually doesnt cause permanent brain damage. But experiencing multiple concussions over a lifetime can change your brains structure or how it works, which can lead to severe complications and increase your risk of developing serious health conditions. […] Concussion symptoms may start right away. But some people dont experience symptoms for hours, or even days. […] Physical concussion symptoms are usually the most obvious and can include: Headaches or a feeling of pressure in your head.

• #142

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  No two concussions are exactly the same, so individualized treatment is necessary. […] Some patients will take longer to recover from a concussion for various reasons. […] Therefore, each concussion is managed on an individual basis. […] Remember: Concussion affects people differently. While most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully, some will have symptoms that last for days or even weeks. A more serious concussion can last for months or longer.

• #143 Signs of Concussion in a Child & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/signs-concussion-child

  Post-concussion syndrome, or post-concussive syndrome, occurs when concussion symptoms last longer than the expected recovery period. Children with the condition may receive the diagnosis if their symptoms last longer than 3 weeks. […] The critical element in concussion is reporting it early, and getting early, focused treatment, says Dr. Zafonte. Recent studies on young athletes have shown that recovery within the first week leads to faster recovery times. So, if you believe your child has a concussion, its important to seek medical care as soon as possible so serious injury can be ruled out or addressed. […] When dealing with a concussion, its important to rest. Weve learned prolonged rest doesnt help concussions, but a brief period of rest might, says Dr. Zafonte.

• #144 Symptoms of Mild TBI and Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of mild TBI and concussion may appear right away, while others may not appear for hours or days after the injury. Symptoms generally improve over time, and most people with a mild TBI or concussion feel better within a couple of weeks. […] Symptoms may change during recovery. For example, you may have headaches and feel sick to your stomach earlier on. A week or two after your injury you may notice you feel more emotional than usual or have trouble sleeping. […] After a mild TBI or concussion: A person may not recognize or admit that they are having problems. A person may not understand how the symptoms they are experiencing affect their daily activities. Problems may be overlooked by the person with a mild TBI or concussion, their family members, or their healthcare provider.

• #145 Postconcussive Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534786/

  The ICD-10 defines PCS as the symptoms outlined above persisting for longer than 3 weeks, is more general, and encompasses more patients. Most patients recover in the first 7 to 10 days following an injury and will require no further evaluation. […] In 85% to 90% of cases, mild TBI is self-limited and does not progress to PCS. In the minority of cases that do not recover to baseline at 4 weeks post-injury, management, and physiological treatment is important in patients returning to baseline mental and physical activity. […] PCS has a good prognosis in general terms. The symptoms and disability are greatest within the first week in most cases. However, after one month, symptoms are improved and most of the time even resolved. […] A small number of patients can continue with disabling symptoms that persist after several months or a year. On some occasions, these symptoms may be more disabling than they were immediately after the injury. While the entire symptom complex persists in most cases, emotional symptoms seem particularly prominent.

• #146 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion

  Your cognitive function is how well your brain works and controls the rest of your body. A concussion can interfere with your brains normal function and cause: Confusion. […] A concussion is a physical injury that can affect your mental and emotional health. Emotional concussion symptoms can include: Irritability. […] Concussions (especially repeated concussions) can cause some serious complications. […] People whove experienced one concussion have an increased risk for another, more serious concussion if they return to physical activities or sports too soon. […] Experiencing multiple concussions and other head injuries increases your risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). […] Concussions usually last a few weeks, up to a month. But everyones bodies respond to concussions differently.

• #147

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/what-to-expect

  No two concussions are exactly the same, so individualized treatment is necessary. […] Some patients will take longer to recover from a concussion for various reasons. […] Therefore, each concussion is managed on an individual basis. […] Remember: Concussion affects people differently. While most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully, some will have symptoms that last for days or even weeks. A more serious concussion can last for months or longer.

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