Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Challenges with Takayasu’s arteritis: a case study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8703796/

  Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a systemic vasculitis that involves an autoimmune-mediated transmural degeneration of the aorta and its major branches, leading to severe arterial stenoses or occlusions with subsequent cerebral, cardiopulmonary, mesenteric, renal, or limb ischemia. […] Major nursing interventions for TA include teaching the patient and family about the progression and treatments of TA and performing periodic patient assessments for manifestations of systemic vasculitis, alterations in tissue perfusion, and alterations in coping.

• #2 Takayasu Arteritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-overview

  Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for active Takayasu arteritis. However, some patients may also require cytotoxic agents, to achieve remission and taper of long-term corticosteroid treatment. Biologic agents (eg, tocilizumab, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors) are added in active disease and refractory cases. […] Patients need to understand the nature of the disease and the need to take medications to prevent complications. When in remission or when experiencing mild forms of Takayasu arteritis, patients are tempted to stop antihypertensive drugs, thus increasing their risk of serious neurologic and other systemic complications.

• #3 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  Treatment of Takayasu’s arteritis focuses on controlling inflammation with medications and preventing further damage to your blood vessels. […] Takayasu’s arteritis can be difficult to treat because the disease may remain active even if your symptoms improve. […] On the other hand, if you don’t have signs and symptoms or serious complications, you may not need treatment or you may be able to taper and stop treatment if your doctor recommends it. […] Talk with your doctor about the drug or drug combinations that are options for you and their possible side effects. […] Your doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to control inflammation. […] Possible side effects of corticosteroids include weight gain, increased risk of infection and bone thinning. […] If your condition doesn’t respond well to corticosteroids or you have trouble as your medication dose is lowered, your doctor may prescribe drugs such as methotrexate, azathioprine and leflunomide.

• #4 Takayasu Arteritis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Therapy, Follow-Up

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-treatment

  Medical management of Takayasu arteritis depends on the disease activity and the complications that develop. Some patients have only mild forms of the disease; others deteriorate considerably. The two most important aspects of treatment are controlling the inflammatory process and controlling hypertension. […] Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for active Takayasu arteritis. However, some patients may also require cytotoxic agents, to achieve remission and taper of long-term corticosteroid treatment. […] Long-term, low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be required. Osteoporosis prevention when patients are started on corticosteroids should be seriously considered. […] Strict management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and lifestyle factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease is mandatory to minimize secondary cardiovascular complications. These complications are the major cause of death in Takayasu arteritis.

• #5 Challenges with Takayasu’s arteritis: a case study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8703796/

  Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a systemic vasculitis that involves an autoimmune-mediated transmural degeneration of the aorta and its major branches, leading to severe arterial stenoses or occlusions with subsequent cerebral, cardiopulmonary, mesenteric, renal, or limb ischemia. […] Major nursing interventions for TA include teaching the patient and family about the progression and treatments of TA and performing periodic patient assessments for manifestations of systemic vasculitis, alterations in tissue perfusion, and alterations in coping.

• #6 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #7 Takayasu arteritis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/takayasu-arteritis/

  Takayasu arteritis (aortic arch syndrome) is a systemic vasculitis of large vessels characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its major branches. […] Management typically involves immunosuppressive agents (e.g., high-dose glucocorticoids plus methotrexate); surgical therapy (e.g., vascular bypass) is indicated for patients with limb ischemia. […] Consult rheumatology for all patients. […] Pharmacotherapy with immunosuppressants is the mainstay of treatment. […] Surgical therapy is reserved for selected cases. […] Educate all patients on ASCVD prevention. […] Prevent complications of glucocorticoid therapy. […] Monitor for adverse effects of immunosuppressants. […] Consider pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis.

• #8 Takayasu’s Arteritis : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/takayasus-arteritis/

  The great majority of patients with Takayasus arteritis respond to prednisone. The usual starting dose is approximately 1 milligram per kilogram of body weight per day (for most people, this is approximately 60 milligrams a day). Because of the significant sideeffects of long-term highdose prednisone use, the starting dose is tapered over several weeks to a dose that the physician feels is tolerable for the patient. […] For longterm treatment in addition to prednisone (as steroid sparing agents), methotrexate, azathioprine, and even cyclophosphamide are sometimes used. There have been few studies of the use of these medications in this disease. […] Takayasus arteritis is a granulomatous vasculitis chiefly of young women that involves the aorta and its major branches. Patients can present initially with obscure systemic symptoms such as fever of unknown origin or more commonly with symptoms and signs of large vessel vasculitis such as hypertension from renal artery stenosis, aortic regurgitation from aortitis, or stroke from carotid artery occlusion. Bruits and diminished or absent pulses are the most reliable signs. Anemia and elevated ESR accompany active disease. Diagnosis is confirmed by angiography showing stenosis and dilation of the aorta, its branches, or both. Thickening of the aortic wall detectable by MRI or ultrasonography can precede angiographic changes. Prednisone is effective for the systemic symptoms and can thwart progression of the vasculitis. Methotrexate may be an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent. Angioplasty alleviates renal artery stenosis about half the time. When needed, vascular bypass procedures and aortic valve replacement usually work well if deferred until the disease is inactive. Estimating disease activity is difficult but is based on systemic symptoms, anemia, ESR, progression of lesions, and pathology (when available).

• #9 French recommendations for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01922-1

  The aim of this National Diagnostic and Care Protocol (PNDS) is to explain to the professionals involved the current optimal diagnosis and therapeutic management and care approach for a patient with Takayasus arteritis. Its purpose is to optimize and harmonize the management and follow-up of this rare disease throughout the country. […] Oral corticosteroid therapy is the standard treatment for Takayasus arteritis. It is introduced at the initial dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone in an adult. […] The goals for reducing prednisone are to reach a dose of less than 20 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the third month, and less than 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.25 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the sixth month. […] Regular clinical, biological and imaging monitoring is necessary for patient follow-up, especially to assess the response to the treatment, diagnose relapses and recurrences, manage adverse effects of the corticosteroid therapy and detect delayed vascular complications.

• #10 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines can help control inflammation, but some people may need surgery to create a way around a blocked artery. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone (Rayos or Sterapred) or prednisolone (Flo-Pred or Orapred) are the most common treatments for TAK. […] Benefits of corticosteroids: Often dramatically effective in bringing about remission (the absence of active blood vessel inflammation). […] Usually, providers also prescribe immunosuppressive medications such as: Methotrexate (Rheumatrex or Trexall), Azathioprine (Imuran or Azasan), Mycophenolate (Cellcept or Myfortic), Leflunomide, Cyclophosphamide. […] Taking immunosuppressive drugs in addition to prednisone can help 50% of people who previously relapsed get rid of their symptoms and gradually stop taking prednisone. […] Overall, about 25% of people who have Takayasus arteritis wont be able to manage their disease completely without continued use of medication.

• #11 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines for treating Takayasus arteritis can have serious side effects, but other medicines can help with these side effects. […] Side effects may include: Being less able to fight an infection, Losing bone mass, Having a hard time seeing, Having seizures. […] Corticosteroids work within hours after you receive your first dose. […] In some instances, narrowing of arteries to your kidney may cause hypertension (high blood pressure). Your provider can stretch narrow vessel openings with a balloon (angioplasty) or do a bypass operation to restore normal flow to your kidney. […] Some people may have serious mobility issues because of narrowed blood vessels in their arms or legs. Bypass operations may correct these problems. A surgical repair or bypass may correct an aneurysm. […] Some people with Takayasus arteritis may need an aortic valve replacement.

• #12 French recommendations for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01922-1

  The aim of this National Diagnostic and Care Protocol (PNDS) is to explain to the professionals involved the current optimal diagnosis and therapeutic management and care approach for a patient with Takayasus arteritis. Its purpose is to optimize and harmonize the management and follow-up of this rare disease throughout the country. […] Oral corticosteroid therapy is the standard treatment for Takayasus arteritis. It is introduced at the initial dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone in an adult. […] The goals for reducing prednisone are to reach a dose of less than 20 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the third month, and less than 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.25 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the sixth month. […] Regular clinical, biological and imaging monitoring is necessary for patient follow-up, especially to assess the response to the treatment, diagnose relapses and recurrences, manage adverse effects of the corticosteroid therapy and detect delayed vascular complications.

• #13 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines can help control inflammation, but some people may need surgery to create a way around a blocked artery. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone (Rayos or Sterapred) or prednisolone (Flo-Pred or Orapred) are the most common treatments for TAK. […] Benefits of corticosteroids: Often dramatically effective in bringing about remission (the absence of active blood vessel inflammation). […] Usually, providers also prescribe immunosuppressive medications such as: Methotrexate (Rheumatrex or Trexall), Azathioprine (Imuran or Azasan), Mycophenolate (Cellcept or Myfortic), Leflunomide, Cyclophosphamide. […] Taking immunosuppressive drugs in addition to prednisone can help 50% of people who previously relapsed get rid of their symptoms and gradually stop taking prednisone. […] Overall, about 25% of people who have Takayasus arteritis wont be able to manage their disease completely without continued use of medication.

• #14 Takayasu arteritis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/takayasu-arteritis

  Treatment of Takayasu arteritis is difficult. However, people who have the right treatment can improve. It is important to identify the condition early. The disease tends to be chronic, requiring long-term use of anti-inflammatory medicines. […] Most people are first treated with high doses of corticosteroids such as prednisone. As the disease is controlled the dose of prednisone is decreased. […] In almost all cases, immunosuppressive medicines are added to reduce the need for long-term use of prednisone and yet maintain control of the disease. […] Conventional immunosuppressive medicines such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, or leflunomide are often added. […] Biologic medicines may also be effective. These include TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, etanercept, and tocilizumab. […] Surgery or angioplasty may be used to open up narrowed arteries to supply blood or open up the constriction. […] Aortic valve replacement may be needed in some cases.

• #15 Takayasu arteritis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/takayasu-arteritis

  Treatment of Takayasu arteritis is difficult. However, people who have the right treatment can improve. It is important to identify the condition early. The disease tends to be chronic, requiring long-term use of anti-inflammatory medicines. […] Most people are first treated with high doses of corticosteroids such as prednisone. As the disease is controlled the dose of prednisone is decreased. […] In almost all cases, immunosuppressive medicines are added to reduce the need for long-term use of prednisone and yet maintain control of the disease. […] Conventional immunosuppressive medicines such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, or leflunomide are often added. […] Biologic medicines may also be effective. These include TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, etanercept, and tocilizumab. […] Surgery or angioplasty may be used to open up narrowed arteries to supply blood or open up the constriction. […] Aortic valve replacement may be needed in some cases.

• #16 Takayasu’s Arteritis Symptoms and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/takayasus-arteritis?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2C…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2Caqkljlpwmmk%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn

  TAK is highly treatable but requires strong immune-suppressive medications. The disease is chronic and therefore requires long-term treatment in about 80% of patients. Treatment prevents narrowing from worsening but does not usually improve symptoms that are due to permanent damage that has already occurred. […] Corticosteroids are usually used at high doses at the beginning of treatment and when the disease relapses. It is often continued at very low doses to maintain remission. […] Immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate and azathioprine may be used to reduce the need for corticosteroids long-term. […] Biologic immunosuppressive drugs such as infliximab, adalimumab, and tocilizumab are often used if methotrexate and azathioprine are ineffective. […] Some patients require procedures such as surgery or angioplasty and stent placement in order to reduce symptoms that are due to permanent damage.

• #17 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines can help control inflammation, but some people may need surgery to create a way around a blocked artery. […] Corticosteroids like prednisone (Rayos or Sterapred) or prednisolone (Flo-Pred or Orapred) are the most common treatments for TAK. […] Benefits of corticosteroids: Often dramatically effective in bringing about remission (the absence of active blood vessel inflammation). […] Usually, providers also prescribe immunosuppressive medications such as: Methotrexate (Rheumatrex or Trexall), Azathioprine (Imuran or Azasan), Mycophenolate (Cellcept or Myfortic), Leflunomide, Cyclophosphamide. […] Taking immunosuppressive drugs in addition to prednisone can help 50% of people who previously relapsed get rid of their symptoms and gradually stop taking prednisone. […] Overall, about 25% of people who have Takayasus arteritis wont be able to manage their disease completely without continued use of medication.

• #18 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines for treating Takayasus arteritis can have serious side effects, but other medicines can help with these side effects. […] Side effects may include: Being less able to fight an infection, Losing bone mass, Having a hard time seeing, Having seizures. […] Corticosteroids work within hours after you receive your first dose. […] In some instances, narrowing of arteries to your kidney may cause hypertension (high blood pressure). Your provider can stretch narrow vessel openings with a balloon (angioplasty) or do a bypass operation to restore normal flow to your kidney. […] Some people may have serious mobility issues because of narrowed blood vessels in their arms or legs. Bypass operations may correct these problems. A surgical repair or bypass may correct an aneurysm. […] Some people with Takayasus arteritis may need an aortic valve replacement.

• #19 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  Treatment of Takayasu’s arteritis focuses on controlling inflammation with medications and preventing further damage to your blood vessels. […] Takayasu’s arteritis can be difficult to treat because the disease may remain active even if your symptoms improve. […] On the other hand, if you don’t have signs and symptoms or serious complications, you may not need treatment or you may be able to taper and stop treatment if your doctor recommends it. […] Talk with your doctor about the drug or drug combinations that are options for you and their possible side effects. […] Your doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to control inflammation. […] Possible side effects of corticosteroids include weight gain, increased risk of infection and bone thinning. […] If your condition doesn’t respond well to corticosteroids or you have trouble as your medication dose is lowered, your doctor may prescribe drugs such as methotrexate, azathioprine and leflunomide.

• #20 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Many people with Takayasus arteritis have high blood pressure (hypertension), which is important to manage. […] If you dont treat your high blood pressure, you could have: Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney failure. […] If youre taking medicine that holds back your immune system, consider vaccinations that can protect you from an infection, such as: Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles. […] Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. […] People who live long lives with this chronic illness need to have regular checkups and adjustments to their medications if needed. […] Providers need to monitor side effects from medications and do blood tests. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. Youll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine.

• #21 Takayasu arteritis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/takayasu-arteritis/

  Takayasu arteritis (aortic arch syndrome) is a systemic vasculitis of large vessels characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its major branches. […] Management typically involves immunosuppressive agents (e.g., high-dose glucocorticoids plus methotrexate); surgical therapy (e.g., vascular bypass) is indicated for patients with limb ischemia. […] Consult rheumatology for all patients. […] Pharmacotherapy with immunosuppressants is the mainstay of treatment. […] Surgical therapy is reserved for selected cases. […] Educate all patients on ASCVD prevention. […] Prevent complications of glucocorticoid therapy. […] Monitor for adverse effects of immunosuppressants. […] Consider pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis.

• #22 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  Treatment of Takayasu’s arteritis focuses on controlling inflammation with medications and preventing further damage to your blood vessels. […] Takayasu’s arteritis can be difficult to treat because the disease may remain active even if your symptoms improve. […] On the other hand, if you don’t have signs and symptoms or serious complications, you may not need treatment or you may be able to taper and stop treatment if your doctor recommends it. […] Talk with your doctor about the drug or drug combinations that are options for you and their possible side effects. […] Your doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to control inflammation. […] Possible side effects of corticosteroids include weight gain, increased risk of infection and bone thinning. […] If your condition doesn’t respond well to corticosteroids or you have trouble as your medication dose is lowered, your doctor may prescribe drugs such as methotrexate, azathioprine and leflunomide.

• #23 Takayasu’s Arteritis: An Uncommon Cause of Renal Artery Stenosis and Therapeutic Considerations

  https://openurologyandnephrologyjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/14/FULLTEXT/

  Somewhere between 46% and 84% of patients with TA require additional immunosuppressive agents to induce and sustain remission. […] The addition of infliximab resulted in a significant clinical and biological response in 87% and 73% of patients at 3 and 12 months, respectively. […] Such interventions are required in 20% to 44% of patients with TA depending on the artery involved and the severity of stenosis. […] Accepted indications for reconstructive vascular surgery in patients with TA include symptoms secondary to cervico-cranial vessel stenosis, coronary artery disease, severe aortic regurgitation or stenosis, hypertension with critical renal artery stenosis, limb claudication and progressive aneurismal enlargement. […] As mentioned above, compared with PTA, surgical interventions result in a higher long-term patency for patients with TARAS.

• #24 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines for treating Takayasus arteritis can have serious side effects, but other medicines can help with these side effects. […] Side effects may include: Being less able to fight an infection, Losing bone mass, Having a hard time seeing, Having seizures. […] Corticosteroids work within hours after you receive your first dose. […] In some instances, narrowing of arteries to your kidney may cause hypertension (high blood pressure). Your provider can stretch narrow vessel openings with a balloon (angioplasty) or do a bypass operation to restore normal flow to your kidney. […] Some people may have serious mobility issues because of narrowed blood vessels in their arms or legs. Bypass operations may correct these problems. A surgical repair or bypass may correct an aneurysm. […] Some people with Takayasus arteritis may need an aortic valve replacement.

• #25 Takayasu arteritis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/takayasu-arteritis

  Treatment of Takayasu arteritis is difficult. However, people who have the right treatment can improve. It is important to identify the condition early. The disease tends to be chronic, requiring long-term use of anti-inflammatory medicines. […] Most people are first treated with high doses of corticosteroids such as prednisone. As the disease is controlled the dose of prednisone is decreased. […] In almost all cases, immunosuppressive medicines are added to reduce the need for long-term use of prednisone and yet maintain control of the disease. […] Conventional immunosuppressive medicines such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, or leflunomide are often added. […] Biologic medicines may also be effective. These include TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, etanercept, and tocilizumab. […] Surgery or angioplasty may be used to open up narrowed arteries to supply blood or open up the constriction. […] Aortic valve replacement may be needed in some cases.

• #26 Takayasu’s arteritis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/takayasu-s-arteritis.html

  Doctors usually begin treatment for Takayasu’s arteritis with glucocorticoid medications, such as prednisone. If these medications alone do not work well or if there is a high risk of steroid-related complications, another immunosuppressive drug, such as tocilizumab (Actemra), etanercept (Enbrel), or infliximab (Remicade), may be added. Other treatment options include methotrexate (Folex, Methotrexate, and Rheumatrex), azathioprine (Imuran), mycophenolate (CellCept), leflunomide (Arava), or cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar). Blood pressure medications also may be necessary to control high blood pressure. […] If Takayasu’s arteritis has caused significant narrowing of an artery, the narrowed segment may need to be widened or repaired. Depending on the artery affected, there are several ways this can be accomplished, including: traditional (open) surgery, percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, in which a small balloon is inserted into the blood vessel, then inflated to dilate it, percutaneous placement of a stent, in which a small mesh device is placed in the artery to keep the blood vessel open. […] Call your doctor if you develop any severe pain, coldness, or a blue discoloration in an arm or leg, chest pain, or symptoms of stroke.

• #27 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  If you don’t respond to standard treatments, your doctor may suggest drugs that correct abnormalities in the immune system (biologics), although more research is needed. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] Surgical options are best performed when inflammation of the arteries has been reduced. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #28 Fellow’s Forum Case Report: Takayasu’s Arteritis – Page 7 of 7 – The Rheumatologist

  https://www.the-rheumatologist.org/article/fellows-forum-case-report-takayasus-arteritis/7/?singlepage=1

  Outcomes are improved if procedures are done after active inflammation is treated. […] In the first case, Takayasus arteritis involved the aortic arch causing amaurosis fugax and symptoms from aortic regurgitation. […] The active inflammation of her Takayasus arteritis was treated medically before proceeding with surgical treatment of her severe aortic regurgitation. […] In the second case, Takayasus arteritis primarily involved the abdominal aorta and renal vasculature. […] Her renal function improved with immunosuppressive treatment and her hypertension was controlled with medical therapy and without the need for endovascular intervention. […] Optimal treatment of this complicated disease remains an area of active investigation. It requires close patient monitoring, trials of various immunosuppressive regimens and, at times, surgical or endovascular intervention.

• #29 Anaesthetic management of a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis for caesarean section : Virtual Library

  https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/anaesthetic-management-of-a-patient-with-takayasus-arteritis-for-caesarean-section/

  It is important to prevent disease progression and inflammation with the early identification, vigilant monitoring, and active treatment of hypertension as well as cardiac, stenotic, and occlusive lesions. […] The goal in patients with TA undergoing anaesthesia includes the maintenance of BP and end-organ perfusion (especially cerebral, renal, myocardial, and placental) in the perioperative period. […] BP monitoring and the prevention of fluctuations in BP are important during the intrapartum period. […] Caesarean section is recommended in more complicated cases (type IIb and type III disease). […] A multimodal intraoperative and postoperative analgesic plan is critical. […] Close monitoring should continue postoperatively to ensure adequate arterial BP and organ perfusion is achieved.

• #30 Considerations for Takayasu Arteritis Undergoing General Anesthesia in a Resource-Limited Setting: Case Report and Literature Review

  https://scholars.direct/Articles/anesthesia-and-pain-management/jcapm-4-020.php?jid=anesthesia-and-pain-management

  Pre-anesthetic assessment must initially take into account the extent of affected arteries and degree of organ involvement, as intraoperative anesthetic concerns are often related to severe uncontrolled hypertension, stenosis or aneurysms of blood vessels that may affect regional circulation predisposing to end-organ dysfunction, and difficulties in monitoring the blood pressure. […] The key concept of perioperative anesthetic management is to maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs by avoiding significant blood pressure fluctuations especially severe hypertension. […] Postoperatively, means to avoid hypertension associated with extubation and acute pain should be taken. Moreover, postoperative pain relief is essential to prevent undesirable stress-related complications. […] In conclusion, patients with Takayasu arteritis vary greatly in terms of clinical presentation; thus, meticulous preoperative evaluation, intraoperative planning, and postoperative management are necessary.

• #31 Anaesthetic management of a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis for caesarean section : Virtual Library

  https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/anaesthetic-management-of-a-patient-with-takayasus-arteritis-for-caesarean-section/

  Adequate postoperative multimodal analgesia should be prescribed to alleviate the increase in BP associated with pain; patient-controlled analgesia and regional techniques should be considered. […] Close follow-up post hospital discharge of these patients by the obstetric team will be required because of the risks of preeclampsia persisting for up to 6 weeks postdelivery. […] The main goal in the management of a pregnant TA patient is to avoid hemodynamic changes and to maintain organ perfusion during the perioperative period.

• #32 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Many people with Takayasus arteritis have high blood pressure (hypertension), which is important to manage. […] If you dont treat your high blood pressure, you could have: Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney failure. […] If youre taking medicine that holds back your immune system, consider vaccinations that can protect you from an infection, such as: Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles. […] Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. […] People who live long lives with this chronic illness need to have regular checkups and adjustments to their medications if needed. […] Providers need to monitor side effects from medications and do blood tests. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. Youll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine.

• #33 Takayasu’s Arteritis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasu’s arteritis treatment and management include the most commonly used drugs such as corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents – eg, azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide. Most patients respond to steroids. […] In patients who remain resistant and/or intolerant to these agents, biological drugs including TNF inhibitors, rituximab and tocilizumab appear to be effective. […] Antiplatelet treatment may also lower the frequency of ischaemic events. […] Hypertension should be aggressively managed. […] In the presence of short-segment, critical arterial stenosis, balloon angioplasty or stent graft replacement may be useful. […] Long-segment stenosis with extensive periarterial fibrosis or occlusion requires surgical bypass of the affected segment. […] Both endovascular intervention and surgical procedures should generally be avoided during the active phase of the disease.

• #34 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Many people with Takayasus arteritis have high blood pressure (hypertension), which is important to manage. […] If you dont treat your high blood pressure, you could have: Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney failure. […] If youre taking medicine that holds back your immune system, consider vaccinations that can protect you from an infection, such as: Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles. […] Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. […] People who live long lives with this chronic illness need to have regular checkups and adjustments to their medications if needed. […] Providers need to monitor side effects from medications and do blood tests. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. Youll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine.

• #35 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Medicines for treating Takayasus arteritis can have serious side effects, but other medicines can help with these side effects. […] Side effects may include: Being less able to fight an infection, Losing bone mass, Having a hard time seeing, Having seizures. […] Corticosteroids work within hours after you receive your first dose. […] In some instances, narrowing of arteries to your kidney may cause hypertension (high blood pressure). Your provider can stretch narrow vessel openings with a balloon (angioplasty) or do a bypass operation to restore normal flow to your kidney. […] Some people may have serious mobility issues because of narrowed blood vessels in their arms or legs. Bypass operations may correct these problems. A surgical repair or bypass may correct an aneurysm. […] Some people with Takayasus arteritis may need an aortic valve replacement.

• #36 Anaesthetic management of a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis for caesarean section : Virtual Library

  https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/anaesthetic-management-of-a-patient-with-takayasus-arteritis-for-caesarean-section/

  Preconception counselling, planning, and evaluating patients is essential in pregnant patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Multidisciplinary management of these patients during pregnancy is important to ensure good maternal and foetal outcomes. […] Planning the mode of delivery, assessing both obstetric and anaesthetic factors, while managing blood pressure control is the main goal in managing patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Chronic use of corticosteroids could potentially lead to adrenal suppression during stress, gestational diabetes, infections, and foetal malformations. […] Maintaining BP control is crucial, and antihypertensive agents that are safely used in pregnancy include labetalol, hydralazine, and alpha-methyldopa. […] During the antepartum period these patients should be managed in a high-risk obstetric unit.

• #37 Management of Takayasu arteritis diagnosed during pregnancy: A case report | Volume 36 – Issue 1 – March 2021 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1156

  Concerning counseling, patients should be advised to plan pregnancy during states of low disease activity. […] Treatment strategies available during pregnancy may include steroids and azathioprine, although there is anecdotal evidence of biologic agents, such as infliximab and tocilizumab, administered until late pregnancy. […] Clinicians should be aware that blood pressure control is crucial throughout pregnancy. […] In order to provide a close monitoring for mother and fetus, a multidisciplinary approach involving both rheumatologists and gynecologists is always required.

• #38 Takayasu Arteritis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Therapy, Follow-Up

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-treatment

  Medical management of Takayasu arteritis depends on the disease activity and the complications that develop. Some patients have only mild forms of the disease; others deteriorate considerably. The two most important aspects of treatment are controlling the inflammatory process and controlling hypertension. […] Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for active Takayasu arteritis. However, some patients may also require cytotoxic agents, to achieve remission and taper of long-term corticosteroid treatment. […] Long-term, low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be required. Osteoporosis prevention when patients are started on corticosteroids should be seriously considered. […] Strict management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and lifestyle factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease is mandatory to minimize secondary cardiovascular complications. These complications are the major cause of death in Takayasu arteritis.

• #39 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  If you don’t respond to standard treatments, your doctor may suggest drugs that correct abnormalities in the immune system (biologics), although more research is needed. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] Surgical options are best performed when inflammation of the arteries has been reduced. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #40 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Takayasu’s arteritis | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20156915

  If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. It also benefits your heart and lungs. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #41 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #42 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Patients with Takayasus arteritis can benefit from specific dietary changes. Consuming anti-inflammatory foods helps reduce inflammation. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fatty fish. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon or flaxseed are particularly beneficial for patients. […] Stress management is vital for individuals with Takayasus arteritis. Chronic stress can worsen symptoms and trigger relapses. Techniques like mindfulness meditation and deep breathing exercises can be effective for patients, et al. […] Regular physical activity is essential but should be approached with caution by patients. Low-impact exercises like walking or swimming are suitable for most patients. […] Frequent monitoring of patients health status is crucial for managing Takayasus arteritis effectively. Regular check-ups help patients track disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments et al. […] Educating patients et al about their condition empowers them to take an active role in their care. Understanding the risk factors and potential triggers helps patients in preventing flare-ups.

• #43 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  If you don’t respond to standard treatments, your doctor may suggest drugs that correct abnormalities in the immune system (biologics), although more research is needed. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] Surgical options are best performed when inflammation of the arteries has been reduced. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #44 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  If you don’t respond to standard treatments, your doctor may suggest drugs that correct abnormalities in the immune system (biologics), although more research is needed. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] Surgical options are best performed when inflammation of the arteries has been reduced. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #45 Takayasu Arteritis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Therapy, Follow-Up

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-treatment

  Management of Takayasu arteritis is long-term. Inpatient care is limited to managing acute manifestations of the disease, which usually result in complications from organ failure, stroke, pregnancy, seizures, and intracranial hemorrhage. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is indicated for patients with critical deterioration. […] Diet modification is necessary to manage hypertension or kidney failure. Any activity limitations depend on the severity of the disease and complications. […] In addition to the customary cardiovascular benefits of regular physical exercise, both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise programs have been shown to reduce inflammatory indicators in patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Follow-up should be with a rheumatologist who can follow disease activity and treat the patient medically as needed.

• #46 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Patients with Takayasus arteritis can benefit from specific dietary changes. Consuming anti-inflammatory foods helps reduce inflammation. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fatty fish. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon or flaxseed are particularly beneficial for patients. […] Stress management is vital for individuals with Takayasus arteritis. Chronic stress can worsen symptoms and trigger relapses. Techniques like mindfulness meditation and deep breathing exercises can be effective for patients, et al. […] Regular physical activity is essential but should be approached with caution by patients. Low-impact exercises like walking or swimming are suitable for most patients. […] Frequent monitoring of patients health status is crucial for managing Takayasus arteritis effectively. Regular check-ups help patients track disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments et al. […] Educating patients et al about their condition empowers them to take an active role in their care. Understanding the risk factors and potential triggers helps patients in preventing flare-ups.

• #47 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #48 Takayasu arteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/takayasu-arteritis

  A doctor may prescribe other immunosuppressant medications in combination with corticosteroids. […] Newer treatments, such as tocilizumab or infliximab, target specific components of the immune system. […] Vascular surgery may be necessary in severe cases or to prevent relapse. […] Living with Takayasu arteritis can be challenging. Pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can affect well-being and other aspects of daily life. […] Several strategies can help individuals cope and maintain a good quality of life, including: Regular medical follow-ups: Consistent monitoring by healthcare professionals can help manage disease activity and adjust treatments as necessary. […] Healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can improve overall health and reduce the risk of complications. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and managing the disease. Individuals with Takayasu arteritis can lead fulfilling lives with proper medical care, lifestyle modifications, and support.

• #49 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Patients with Takayasus arteritis can benefit from specific dietary changes. Consuming anti-inflammatory foods helps reduce inflammation. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fatty fish. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon or flaxseed are particularly beneficial for patients. […] Stress management is vital for individuals with Takayasus arteritis. Chronic stress can worsen symptoms and trigger relapses. Techniques like mindfulness meditation and deep breathing exercises can be effective for patients, et al. […] Regular physical activity is essential but should be approached with caution by patients. Low-impact exercises like walking or swimming are suitable for most patients. […] Frequent monitoring of patients health status is crucial for managing Takayasus arteritis effectively. Regular check-ups help patients track disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments et al. […] Educating patients et al about their condition empowers them to take an active role in their care. Understanding the risk factors and potential triggers helps patients in preventing flare-ups.

• #50 Takayasu Arteritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-overview

  Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy for active Takayasu arteritis. However, some patients may also require cytotoxic agents, to achieve remission and taper of long-term corticosteroid treatment. Biologic agents (eg, tocilizumab, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors) are added in active disease and refractory cases. […] Patients need to understand the nature of the disease and the need to take medications to prevent complications. When in remission or when experiencing mild forms of Takayasu arteritis, patients are tempted to stop antihypertensive drugs, thus increasing their risk of serious neurologic and other systemic complications.

• #51 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Many people with Takayasus arteritis have high blood pressure (hypertension), which is important to manage. […] If you dont treat your high blood pressure, you could have: Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney failure. […] If youre taking medicine that holds back your immune system, consider vaccinations that can protect you from an infection, such as: Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles. […] Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. […] People who live long lives with this chronic illness need to have regular checkups and adjustments to their medications if needed. […] Providers need to monitor side effects from medications and do blood tests. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. Youll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine.

• #52 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #53 French recommendations for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01922-1

  The aim of this National Diagnostic and Care Protocol (PNDS) is to explain to the professionals involved the current optimal diagnosis and therapeutic management and care approach for a patient with Takayasus arteritis. Its purpose is to optimize and harmonize the management and follow-up of this rare disease throughout the country. […] Oral corticosteroid therapy is the standard treatment for Takayasus arteritis. It is introduced at the initial dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone in an adult. […] The goals for reducing prednisone are to reach a dose of less than 20 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the third month, and less than 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.25 mg/kg/day in children) at the end of the sixth month. […] Regular clinical, biological and imaging monitoring is necessary for patient follow-up, especially to assess the response to the treatment, diagnose relapses and recurrences, manage adverse effects of the corticosteroid therapy and detect delayed vascular complications.

• #54 Takayasu Arteritis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Therapy, Follow-Up

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-treatment

  Management of Takayasu arteritis is long-term. Inpatient care is limited to managing acute manifestations of the disease, which usually result in complications from organ failure, stroke, pregnancy, seizures, and intracranial hemorrhage. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission is indicated for patients with critical deterioration. […] Diet modification is necessary to manage hypertension or kidney failure. Any activity limitations depend on the severity of the disease and complications. […] In addition to the customary cardiovascular benefits of regular physical exercise, both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise programs have been shown to reduce inflammatory indicators in patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Follow-up should be with a rheumatologist who can follow disease activity and treat the patient medically as needed.

• #55 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #56 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #57 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Self-Care Importance: Encourage patients to adopt self-care practices such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and mindfulness to support treatment, prevent flare-ups, and manage disease activity during corticosteroid therapy. […] Managing Takayasus arteritis requires a multidisciplinary approach. Patients often need care from rheumatologists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons for corticosteroid therapy and blood pressure management. This team effort helps address various aspects of the disease, including therapy for patients. […] Consultation with specialists is vital for effective management. Patients should seek care at competence centers experienced with vasculitis cases and blood pressure. These centers offer comprehensive evaluations and tailored treatment plans. […] A personalized plan is essential for managing Takayasus arteritis effectively in patients, according to a PubMed abstract. Lifestyle adjustments are tailored to individual needs. Natural supplements like turmeric and ginger may be included based on patients requirements.

• #58 Treatment of Takayasu arteritis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-takayasu-arteritis

  INTRODUCTION Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology, primarily affecting the aorta and its primary branches. The inflammatory processes cause thickening of the walls of the affected arteries. The proximal aorta (eg, aortic root) may become dilated secondary to inflammatory injury. Narrowing, occlusion, or dilation of involved portions of the arteries in varying degrees results in a wide variety of symptoms. […] PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT Overall approach — The mainstay of therapy for Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is systemic glucocorticoids. However, given the chronic, relapsing nature of the disease and the imperative to avoid glucocorticoid-related toxicities, patients are often prescribed a nonglucocorticoid immunosuppressive agent in an attempt to provide both a „steroid-sparing” benefit and longer-term disease control. […] It is recommended that patients with TAK be evaluated and managed by centers and physicians with experience treating this rare disease.

• #59 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Being aware of how youre feeling and staying in touch with your healthcare provider can help you catch any symptoms that are just starting or are getting worse. […] Contact your provider if your symptoms of Takayasus arteritis come back during or after treatment. […] Talk with your healthcare provider if youre planning a pregnancy. Its possible to have a successful pregnancy with Takayasus arteritis, but its important to know how to manage it. […] Because Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease, youll need regular checkups with your healthcare provider.

• #60 Management of Takayasu arteritis diagnosed during pregnancy: A case report | Volume 36 – Issue 1 – March 2021 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1156

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting large vessels. […] Comprehensive evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach to these patients in a tertiary care center can lead to a favorable outcome for the mother and fetus. […] The therapeutic approach consisted of azathioprine 50 mg twice daily and daily prednisone 50 mg with 6.25 mg reduction per week until reaching a maintenance dose of 6.25 mg daily while alpha methyldopa 500 mg twice daily was administered to control hypertension. […] Current evidence indicates that pregnancy does not influence TAK disease activity, although clinicians should be familiar that severe pregnancy related complications, such as hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction as well as inflammatory flares have been reported.

• #61 Management of Takayasu arteritis diagnosed during pregnancy: A case report | Volume 36 – Issue 1 – March 2021 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1156

  Concerning counseling, patients should be advised to plan pregnancy during states of low disease activity. […] Treatment strategies available during pregnancy may include steroids and azathioprine, although there is anecdotal evidence of biologic agents, such as infliximab and tocilizumab, administered until late pregnancy. […] Clinicians should be aware that blood pressure control is crucial throughout pregnancy. […] In order to provide a close monitoring for mother and fetus, a multidisciplinary approach involving both rheumatologists and gynecologists is always required.

• #62 Anaesthetic management of a patient with Takayasu’s arteritis for caesarean section : Virtual Library

  https://resources.wfsahq.org/atotw/anaesthetic-management-of-a-patient-with-takayasus-arteritis-for-caesarean-section/

  Preconception counselling, planning, and evaluating patients is essential in pregnant patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Multidisciplinary management of these patients during pregnancy is important to ensure good maternal and foetal outcomes. […] Planning the mode of delivery, assessing both obstetric and anaesthetic factors, while managing blood pressure control is the main goal in managing patients with Takayasu arteritis. […] Chronic use of corticosteroids could potentially lead to adrenal suppression during stress, gestational diabetes, infections, and foetal malformations. […] Maintaining BP control is crucial, and antihypertensive agents that are safely used in pregnancy include labetalol, hydralazine, and alpha-methyldopa. […] During the antepartum period these patients should be managed in a high-risk obstetric unit.

• #63 Management of Takayasu arteritis diagnosed during pregnancy: A case report | Volume 36 – Issue 1 – March 2021 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1156

  Concerning counseling, patients should be advised to plan pregnancy during states of low disease activity. […] Treatment strategies available during pregnancy may include steroids and azathioprine, although there is anecdotal evidence of biologic agents, such as infliximab and tocilizumab, administered until late pregnancy. […] Clinicians should be aware that blood pressure control is crucial throughout pregnancy. […] In order to provide a close monitoring for mother and fetus, a multidisciplinary approach involving both rheumatologists and gynecologists is always required.

• #64 Review of children with Takayasu’s arteritis at a Southern African tertiary care centre | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/review-of-children-with-takayasus-arteritis-at-a-southern-african-tertiary-care-centre/4E9ABE8F194ECCBC32FD145168B1F71A

  Takayasus arteritis is a rare idiopathic arteritis causing stenosis or aneurysms of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and their branches. […] The majority presented with hypertension and heart failure. […] All patients received empiric tuberculosis treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-hypertensive agents as required. […] Takayasus arteritis is more common in girls and frequently manifests with hypertension and heart failure. […] Immunosuppressive, anti-hypertensive, and vascular intervention therapies improve blood pressure control and cardiac function.

• #65 Takayasu Arteritis | Doctor – PMM

  https://www.pmmonline.org/doctor/arthritis/multi-system-disease/vasculitis/takayasu-arteritis/

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large vessel vasculitis characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and major branches, particularly the renal and subclavian arteries; stenosis, occlusions, dilations, and aneurysms can form. Affected children range in age from young infants to late adolescents. Although it is widespread around the world, it is more prevalent among Asian ethnicities. […] Clinical manifestations: The disease progresses via two stages: an acute inflammatory phase and a chronic phase (vascular sequelae). The acute inflammatory phase is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as fever, night sweats, malaise, muscular pains, arthralgia, weight loss, and anorexia. Patients at this phase are frequently misdiagnosed as TAK owing to the lack of particular symptoms. The chronic phase is characterised by the development of arterial stenosis symptoms such as pulse deficit, claudication, hypertension, blood pressure (BP) discrepancy, and bruits. A patient with severe disease can present with stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal failure.

• #66 Review of children with Takayasu’s arteritis at a Southern African tertiary care centre | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/review-of-children-with-takayasus-arteritis-at-a-southern-african-tertiary-care-centre/4E9ABE8F194ECCBC32FD145168B1F71A

  Takayasus arteritis is a rare idiopathic arteritis causing stenosis or aneurysms of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and their branches. […] The majority presented with hypertension and heart failure. […] All patients received empiric tuberculosis treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-hypertensive agents as required. […] Takayasus arteritis is more common in girls and frequently manifests with hypertension and heart failure. […] Immunosuppressive, anti-hypertensive, and vascular intervention therapies improve blood pressure control and cardiac function.

• #67 Review of children with Takayasu’s arteritis at a Southern African tertiary care centre | Cardiology in the Young | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cardiology-in-the-young/article/review-of-children-with-takayasus-arteritis-at-a-southern-african-tertiary-care-centre/4E9ABE8F194ECCBC32FD145168B1F71A

  Takayasus arteritis is a rare idiopathic arteritis causing stenosis or aneurysms of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and their branches. […] The majority presented with hypertension and heart failure. […] All patients received empiric tuberculosis treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-hypertensive agents as required. […] Takayasus arteritis is more common in girls and frequently manifests with hypertension and heart failure. […] Immunosuppressive, anti-hypertensive, and vascular intervention therapies improve blood pressure control and cardiac function.

• #68 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Even with effective treatment, relapses can occur in individuals with TAK. If initial symptoms return or new ones develop, report them to your doctor as soon as possible. Regular checkups and ongoing monitoring of laboratory and imaging tests are important in detecting relapses early. […] Effective treatment of TAK may require the coordinated efforts and ongoing care of a team of medical providers and specialists. In addition to a primary care provider, you may need to see a rheumatologist, cardiologist, and vascular surgeon or other specialists. […] Coping with TAK can be overwhelming at times. Fatigue, pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can take a toll on your sense of well-being, affecting relationships, work, and other aspects of your daily life. Sharing your experience with family and friends, connecting with others through a support group, or talking with a mental health professional can help. […] There is no cure for TAK at this time, but with early detection, proper treatment and ongoing monitoring, many patients have a good prognosis.

• #69 Takayasu’s Arteritis Symptoms and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/takayasus-arteritis?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2C…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2Caqkljlpwmmk%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn

  TAK is highly treatable but requires strong immune-suppressive medications. The disease is chronic and therefore requires long-term treatment in about 80% of patients. Treatment prevents narrowing from worsening but does not usually improve symptoms that are due to permanent damage that has already occurred. […] Corticosteroids are usually used at high doses at the beginning of treatment and when the disease relapses. It is often continued at very low doses to maintain remission. […] Immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate and azathioprine may be used to reduce the need for corticosteroids long-term. […] Biologic immunosuppressive drugs such as infliximab, adalimumab, and tocilizumab are often used if methotrexate and azathioprine are ineffective. […] Some patients require procedures such as surgery or angioplasty and stent placement in order to reduce symptoms that are due to permanent damage.

• #70 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Many people with Takayasus arteritis have high blood pressure (hypertension), which is important to manage. […] If you dont treat your high blood pressure, you could have: Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney failure. […] If youre taking medicine that holds back your immune system, consider vaccinations that can protect you from an infection, such as: Flu, Pneumonia, Shingles. […] Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. […] People who live long lives with this chronic illness need to have regular checkups and adjustments to their medications if needed. […] Providers need to monitor side effects from medications and do blood tests. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. Youll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine.

• #71 Takayasu’s arteritis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/takayasus-arteritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351340

  If you don’t respond to standard treatments, your doctor may suggest drugs that correct abnormalities in the immune system (biologics), although more research is needed. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. […] Surgical options are best performed when inflammation of the arteries has been reduced. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication. […] Eating well can help prevent potential problems that can result from your condition and medications, such as high blood pressure, thinning bones and diabetes. […] Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, can help prevent bone loss, high blood pressure and diabetes. […] It’s important to stop using all forms of tobacco to reduce the risk of injuring your blood vessels and tissues even more. […] Your medications may make it harder for your body to fight infection.

• #72 Takayasu’s arteritis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/takayasus-arteritis?content_id=CON-20156915

  Talk with your doctor about the drug or drug combinations that are options for you and their possible side effects. Your doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to control inflammation. […] If your arteries become severely narrowed or blocked, you may need surgery to open or bypass these arteries to allow an uninterrupted flow of blood. Often this helps to improve certain symptoms, such as high blood pressure and chest pain. […] One of the greatest challenges of living with Takayasu’s arteritis may be coping with side effects of your medication.

• #73 Takayasu arteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/takayasu-arteritis

  A doctor may prescribe other immunosuppressant medications in combination with corticosteroids. […] Newer treatments, such as tocilizumab or infliximab, target specific components of the immune system. […] Vascular surgery may be necessary in severe cases or to prevent relapse. […] Living with Takayasu arteritis can be challenging. Pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can affect well-being and other aspects of daily life. […] Several strategies can help individuals cope and maintain a good quality of life, including: Regular medical follow-ups: Consistent monitoring by healthcare professionals can help manage disease activity and adjust treatments as necessary. […] Healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can improve overall health and reduce the risk of complications. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and managing the disease. Individuals with Takayasu arteritis can lead fulfilling lives with proper medical care, lifestyle modifications, and support.

• #74 Takayasu arteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/takayasu-arteritis

  A doctor may prescribe other immunosuppressant medications in combination with corticosteroids. […] Newer treatments, such as tocilizumab or infliximab, target specific components of the immune system. […] Vascular surgery may be necessary in severe cases or to prevent relapse. […] Living with Takayasu arteritis can be challenging. Pain, emotional stress, and medication side effects can affect well-being and other aspects of daily life. […] Several strategies can help individuals cope and maintain a good quality of life, including: Regular medical follow-ups: Consistent monitoring by healthcare professionals can help manage disease activity and adjust treatments as necessary. […] Healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can improve overall health and reduce the risk of complications. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and managing the disease. Individuals with Takayasu arteritis can lead fulfilling lives with proper medical care, lifestyle modifications, and support.

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