Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Clinical features and diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-takayasu-arteritis

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is classified as a large-vessel vasculitis because it primarily affects the aorta and its primary branches. It also shares some histologic and clinical features with giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA), the other major large-vessel vasculitis. Patients may present initially with constitutional symptoms but later develop symptoms associated with vascular damage. […] Women are affected in 80 to 90 percent of cases, with an age of onset that is usually between 10 and 40 years. […] The pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is poorly understood. Cell-mediated mechanisms are thought to be of primary importance and may be similar to those in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

• #2 Takayasu’s arteritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayasu%27s_arteritis

  Those with the disease often notice symptoms between 15 and 30 years of age. […] Some people develop an initial „inflammatory phase” characterized by systemic illness with signs and symptoms of malaise, fever, night sweats, weight loss, joint pain, fatigue, and fainting. Fainting may result from subclavian steal syndrome or carotid sinus hypersensitivity. […] The initial „inflammatory phase” is often followed by a secondary „pulseless phase”. The „pulseless phase” is characterized by vascular insufficiency from intimal narrowing of the vessels manifesting as arm or leg claudication, renal artery stenosis causing hypertension, and neurological manifestations due to decreased blood flow to the brain. […] One rare, important feature of the Takayasu’s arteritis is ocular involvement in form of visual field defects, vision loss, or retinal hemorrhage. […] Some individuals with Takayasu’s arteritis may present with only late vascular changes, without a preceding systemic illness. In the late stage, weakness of the arterial walls may give rise to localized aneurysms.

• #3 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Takayasu’s arteritis | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20156915

  The signs and symptoms of Takayasu’s arteritis often occur in two stages. […] In the first stage, you’re likely to feel unwell with: Fatigue, Unintended weight loss, Muscle and joint aches and pains, Mild fever, sometimes accompanied by night sweats. […] During the second stage, inflammation causes arteries to narrow so less blood and oxygen and fewer nutrients reach your organs and tissues. Stage 2 signs and symptoms may include: Weakness or pain in your limbs with use, A weak pulse, difficulty getting a blood pressure or a difference in blood pressure between your arms, Lightheadedness, dizziness or fainting, Headaches or visual changes, Memory problems or trouble thinking, Chest pain or shortness of breath, High blood pressure, Diarrhea or blood in your stool, Too few red blood cells (anemia). […] If you’ve already been diagnosed with Takayasu’s arteritis, keep in mind that your symptoms may come and go even with effective treatment. Pay attention to symptoms similar to those that occurred originally or to any new ones, and be sure to tell your doctor promptly about changes.

• #4 Takayasu’s arteritis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/takayasus-arteritis

  The signs and symptoms of Takayasu’s arteritis often occur in two stages. […] In the first stage, you’re likely to feel unwell with: Fatigue, Unintended weight loss, Muscle and joint aches and pains, Mild fever, sometimes accompanied by night sweats. […] Not everyone has these early signs and symptoms. It’s possible for inflammation to damage arteries for years before you realize something is wrong. […] During the second stage, inflammation causes arteries to narrow so less blood and oxygen and fewer nutrients reach your organs and tissues. Stage 2 signs and symptoms may include: Weakness or pain in your limbs with use, A weak pulse, difficulty getting a blood pressure or a difference in blood pressure between your arms, Lightheadedness, dizziness or fainting, Headaches or visual changes, Memory problems or trouble thinking, Chest pain or shortness of breath, High blood pressure, Diarrhea or blood in your stool, Too few red blood cells (anemia). […] If you’ve already been diagnosed with Takayasu’s arteritis, keep in mind that your symptoms may come and go even with effective treatment. Pay attention to symptoms similar to those that occurred originally or to any new ones, and be sure to tell your doctor promptly about changes.

• #5 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasus arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis, or blood vessel inflammation. It affects the biggest arteries in your body. Although there is no cure for it, you can treat it with medication and/or surgery. Some people with this condition can live a normal life, while others need to make adjustments. […] Early-stage or first-stage symptoms of Takayasus arteritis include: Fever. Fatigue. Pain in your muscles or joints. Not much desire to eat. […] Later-stage or second-stage symptoms of Takayasus arteritis include: Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Headaches. Dizziness. […] Narrowing of blood vessels and reduced blood supply can cause: Fatigue, pain, or aching in your arms and legs. Belly pain from decreased blood flow to your intestines. High blood pressure from decreased blood flow to your kidneys. Stroke (rarely). Heart attack (rarely.)

• #6 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitis Foundation

  https://vasculitisfoundation.org/education/vasculitis-types/takayasu-arteritis/

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) may or may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages of the disease. When early symptoms are present, people may feel generally unwell, with symptoms of mild fever, fatigue, aches and pains, and poor appetite. As the disease progresses, TAK can lead to headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, weakness, lightheadedness, and other symptoms. […] Symptoms of TAK tend to occur in two stages. In the first stage, patients may feel generally ill, with fatigue, fever, muscle or joint pain, and/or rapid weight loss. However, some may not experience symptoms for months or years—even as inflammation causes damage to blood vessels and organs. […] Second-stage symptoms include: Pain, numbness or weakness with use of limbs, Lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, Headaches, Visual disturbances, High blood pressure (or a discrepancy in blood pressure between arms and/or legs), Diminished or absent pulse in the arms and/or legs, Generalized weakness, Chest pain, Shortness of breath/fatigue.

• #7 Takayasu Arteritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-clinical

  The presentation of Takayasu arteritis is heterogeneous. Approximately 10% of patients with Takayasu arteritis are asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is suggested only by abnormal vascular findings on physical exam. Constitutional symptoms may precede clinical vascular involvement. […] Constitutional symptoms include the following: Headache (50-70%), Malaise (35-65%), Arthralgias (28-75%), Fever (9-35%), Weight loss (10-18%). […] Takayasu arteritis progresses through 3 stages. Thus, symptoms that clinicians encounter depend on how soon the patient presents; most patients present late, delaying the diagnosis. In actual practice, however, most patients do not fall readily into such groupings, and this 3-stage scheme is an oversimplification of the complex clinical presentation. Symptoms encountered can occur early or late in the course of the disease.

• #8 Takayasu Arteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459127/

  Takayasu arteritis (pulseless disease) is a systemic inflammatory condition characterized by damage to the large and medium arteries and their branches. It presents at first with nonspecific constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, weight loss, and anorexia. […] Constitutional symptoms characterize a very nonspecific early acute inflammatory phase seen in Takayasu arteritis which includes fever, malaise, muscle aches, weight loss, and anorexia. Most patients do not seek treatment until signs of the pulseless phase occur, in which symptoms are usually secondary to arterial insufficiencies; these include hypertension in renovascular stenosis, neurologic manifestations as seen with carotid artery occlusion, or upper limb claudication as seen in upper extremity ischemia secondary to stenosis. Thus, delayed diagnosis is quite common. Severe debilitating upper or lower extremity ischemia often leads to diminished or absent pulses, hence the name „pulseless disease,” or possibly a vascular bruit. Other potential late findings worth noting include accelerated atherosclerosis or heart failure. […] A recent nationwide study revealed that 50% of patients with Takayasu arteritis will relapse and experience a vascular complication less than 10 years from diagnosis. Those most likely to relapse include males and those with elevated C-reactive protein.

• #9 Takayasu’s Arteritis : Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center

  https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/takayasus-arteritis/

  Takayasus arteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the largest blood vessel in the body (the aorta) and its branches. Thus, the complications of Takayasus arise directly or indirectly from damage to these blood vessels. The vasculitides are classified according to the size of blood vessel involved. Takayasus is the classic large vessel vasculitis. […] In the systemic phase, patients have symptoms and signs of an active inflammatory illness. These may include constitutional symptoms (fever, fatigue, weight loss), arthritis, and non-specific aches and pains. There may be tenderness overlying affected arteries. Most patients have elevations of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the systemic phase. […] The systemic phase is succeeded by the occlusive phase, during which patients begin to develop symptoms caused by the narrowing of affected arteries. These may include pain in the limbs that occurs during repetitive activities (claudication), such as pain in the arm that occurs while using a handsaw or pain in the calves brought on by walking. The symptoms also include dizziness upon standing up, headaches, and visual problems. During the occlusive phase, affected blood vessels may be narrowed to such an extent that the normal arterial pulsations (pulses) in the neck, elbow, wrist, or lower extremities cannot be felt.

• #10 Assessment of disease activity and progression in Takayasu’s arteritis

  https://www.clinexprheumatol.org/abstract.asp?a=4817

  Takayasu`s arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic panarteritis of the aorta and its major branches presenting commonly in young ages. Physical examination findings, presence of constitutional features, elevated acute-phase reactants, and new vessel involvement in imaging are major features of an active disease. […] However, assessment of disease activity and damage in TA is problematic given the chronic, indolent disease course and lack of specific laboratory and imaging findings. […] A comprehensive approach to both systemic and vascular features of TA to define a validated set of outcome measures for use in clinical trials and clinical practice is clearly needed.

• #11 Diagnosis at Last: Takayasu’s Arteritis | Hackensack Meridian Health

  https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/healthu/patient-perspectives/2019/07/diagnosis-at-last-takayasus-arteritis

  Nathalie started having leg pain similar to a calf strain to the point that even her walking was affected. […] Takayasus arteritis is a rare but potentially fatal disease that involves inflammation in the walls of the largest arteries in the body, the aorta and its main branches. This inflammation leads to narrowing of the arteries, reducing blood flow to many parts of the body. Takayasus arteritis can lead to arm, leg and chest pain, high blood pressure, and eventually heart failure or stroke. Even with treatment, relapses are common and symptoms can come and go. […] Because patients may have very few or no symptoms, and the disease is so rare, its common for doctors to misdiagnose patients for years. […] Nathalie probably had it for at least six years before a proper diagnosis, Dr. Janow says. Going back, it becomes apparent that she had long-standing anemia, her blood pressure was very low, the numbness and tingling in her arms and legs were getting worse and she had fainting episodes. They were all treated as isolated things, but we figured out that it was all part of the same disease.

• #12 Takayasu arteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/takayasu-arteritis

  Takayasu arteritis, or pulseless disease, causes inflammation and narrowing of the aorta and arteries. This can lead to blockages and restrict blood flow to vital organs. […] The signs and symptoms of Takayasu arteritis can differ according to the stage: […] Symptoms may include: feeling generally unwell, fatigue, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, muscle and joint pain. […] As these symptoms are not specific to Takayasu arteritis, many individuals do not seek medical help right away. Also, some people may not experience symptoms in the early stages of Takayasu arteritis, which can delay diagnosis. […] Signs and symptoms may include: weak or absent pulses in the arms or legs, differences in blood pressure between the arms, hypertension, lightheadedness or fainting, claudication, or pain in the limbs when exercising, visual disturbances or vision loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches.

• #13 Takayasu Arteritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-clinical

  The first stage is an early systemic stage during which the patient may complain of constitutional symptoms (eg, fatigue, malaise, giddiness, fever). This stage is considered to be prevasculitic. […] The second stage is the vascular inflammatory stage when stenosis, aneurysms, and vascular pain (carotidynia) tend to occur. […] Signs and symptoms characterizing the vascular inflammatory stage include fatigue, fevers, malaise, pain in extremities and joints, dyspnea, palpitations, headaches, rash (erythema nodosum or a lupuslike butterfly rash, which can be photosensitive), hemoptysis, ulceration, and weight loss. […] The third stage is the burned-out stage, when fibrosis sets in, and generally is associated with remission. This stage does not occur in all patients, and even in patients who are in remission, relapses can occur. Presumably, the burned-out stage manifests with minimal symptoms, but little supportive evidence is found in the literature.

• #14 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Symptoms, Types, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/takayasus-arteritis

  Most of the symptoms of Takayasus arteritis are vague, such as fatigue and chest pain. They are signs shared by many health problems. Doctors can use your symptoms to classify the stage of the disease. […] Symptoms in the first stage of the disease include: fatigue, unexplained and rapid weight loss, muscle and joint pain, mild fever. […] Damage to the arteries might have started long before its discovered. It could be more than a year before your symptoms advance to stage 2. […] Once you’ve entered the second stage of the disease, you may experience the following additional symptoms: weakness or pain in your limbs, lightheadedness or dizziness, trouble concentrating, vision problems, high blood pressure, difference in blood pressure between both arms, anemia, chest pain, shortness of breath. […] Stage 2 symptoms result from restricted blood flow from your heart to certain organs, muscles, and other tissue. […] A third stage is defined by the resolution of these symptoms, though this is a result of scarring in the blood vessels.

• #15 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/takayasus-arteritis?page=2

  Other early signs of the condition may include: Low-grade fevers, Swollen glands, Anemia, Night sweats, Muscle aches, Arthritis, Reduced appetite. […] Symptoms of Takayasu’s arteritis in later stages might include: Dizziness, Headaches, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Chest or abdominal pain, Muscle weakness and arm or leg pain. […] Reduced blood flow and blood vessel narrowing may cause high blood pressure or kidney failure; in rare cases, they can cause a heart attack or stroke. […] Some people with Takayasu’s arteritis may not have any symptoms. It may be diagnosed when their doctor has trouble getting a blood pressure reading in one or both of their arms. Similarly, a doctor may notice that the strength of pulses in their wrists, neck, or groin may not be equal, or the pulse on one side may be absent. […] „Absent or weak peripheral pulse is a common finding in patients with TAK due to the inflammation of the arteries that results in narrowing or blockage, making it difficult to feel a pulse in the affected areas. Thus the reason it is sometimes called pulseless disease,” Hojjati says.

• #16 Takayasu arteritis revisited | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

  https://www.revportcardiol.org/en-takayasu-arteritis-revisited-articulo-S2174204915000549

  Takayasu arteritis is a large vessel vasculitis with various clinical presentations depending on the territories affected. […] The condition evolved rapidly under corticosteroid therapy, with formation of new arterial stenoses within the carotid and splanchnic circulations. […] Clinical presentation varies according to the territories affected; the left subclavian artery is most often involved, followed by the aorta and the carotid, renal and vertebral arteries. […] Its clinical presentation is varied; patients can be asymptomatic for several years and can present with nonspecific systemic symptoms such as fever, asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia and night sweats, and more rarely with acute vascular events. […] Depending on the arterial territory affected, there may be visual disturbances, headache, syncope, Raynaud phenomenon, limb claudication or differences in pulses and blood pressure between the arms.

• #17 French recommendations for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01922-1

  The diagnosis of Takayasus arteritis is based on a series of data including age, gender, clinical history, and imaging that evidences damage to the aorta and/or its branches with circumferential thickening of the arterial wall, stenosis, and sometimes aneurysmal dilation, often multifocal, and the opinion of a doctor who is an expert on Takayasus arteritis. […] The circumstances for discovering the disease can be very different. In some patients, the diagnosis is made during the so-called „pre-occlusive” phase or the „systemic” phase. This phase combines general non-specific signs with fever, arthralgia, myalgia, skin signs (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum), carotidodynia, and sometimes episcleritis. […] The diagnosis is most often made during the „vascular phase”, which is the result of arterial lesions (stenosis, obliterations, aneurysms) seated on the aortic arch, on the thoraco-abdominal aorta or their branches. It is often present from the onset when the patient comes in for symptoms related to stenosis or arterial occlusion. In this case, the way it is revealed depends on the area impaired.

• #18 Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takayasu Arteritis with Neurological Symptoms in China: A Retrospective Study | The Journal of Rheumatology

  https://www.jrheum.org/content/42/10/1846

  Objective. To describe the clinical features and longterm outcomes of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) in China who experienced neurological symptoms. […] The most common neurological manifestation was dizziness (214, 78.1%), […] Neurological manifestations including dizziness, headache, visual disturbance or loss, stroke, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) are present in about 57-80% of patients with TA. […] Dizziness (214, 78.1%) and headache (70, 25.5%) were the most common neurological manifestations, while visual disturbance or loss, syncope, and TIA presented in 58 (21.2%), 60 (21.9%), and 58 (21.2%) patients, respectively. […] Only 30 patients (10.9%) were reported to have had a stroke, including 7 patients with stroke as the first manifestation of TA. […] Stroke is the most severe symptom of TA; it can cause serious neurological deficits that can make the prognosis more adverse.

• #19 HIE Multimedia – Takayasu arteritis

  https://sbrmc.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&pid=1&gid=001250

  Takayasu arteritis is an inflammation of large arteries such as the aorta and its major branches. […] Symptoms may include: Arm weakness or pain with use, Chest pain, Dizziness, Fatigue, Fever, Lightheadedness, Muscle or joint pain, Skin rash, Night sweats, Vision changes, Weight loss, Decreased radial pulses (at the wrist), Difference in blood pressure between the two arms, High blood pressure (hypertension). […] There may also be signs of inflammation (pericarditis or pleuritis). […] Treatment of Takayasu arteritis is difficult. However, people who have the right treatment can improve. It is important to identify the condition early. The disease tends to be chronic, requiring long-term use of anti-inflammatory medicines. […] This disease can be fatal without treatment. However, a combined treatment approach using medicines and surgery has reduced death rates. Adults have a better chance of survival than children.

• #20 Ocular Manifestations of Takayasu’s Arteritis—A Case-Based Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3745

  Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a type of vasculitis in which inflammation develops in large vessels, especially in the aorta and its branches. […] Retinal ischemia, followed by optic neuropathy, cataract, and retinal artery occlusion, were the most prevalent eye conditions associated with the disease. Patients mostly complained of gradual vision acuity loss, sudden vision acuity loss, ocular pain, and amaurosis fugax. The diagnosis of Takayasu’s arteritis should be considered in patients presenting symptoms of visual decline/loss, ocular pain, or signs of retinal ischemia, optic neuropathy, or early cataract formation. […] The mean age of patients with ocular manifestations of Takayasu’s arteritis was 31.4 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 4.8:1. The vast majority were aged between 11 and 40 (76.3%) with the peak in the third decade (33.6%). In over 74% of cases, the ocular manifestations preceded the diagnosis of TA. The most common eye disorder accompanying the disease was retinal ischemia (present in 57.4% of patients), followed by optic neuropathy (18%), cataract (14.8%), and retinal artery occlusion (12.3%). […] Most patients presented with features of retinal ischemia caused by insufficient blood supply due to the narrowing and fibrosis of the aorta and its branches. […] In most cases analysed in our study (68.9%), systemic steroids were used to induce remission.

• #21 Takayasu Arteritis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/vasculitis/takayasu-arteritis

  Most patients present with only focal symptoms that reflect hypoperfusion of the affected organ or limb. […] Approximately 50% of patients report constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and/or arthralgias. […] Arterial pulses in arms and legs may be absent or diminished and asymmetric. Extremities may have findings of ischemia (eg, coolness, leg claudication). […] Involvement of the carotid and vertebral arteries results in reduced cerebral blood flow manifested by dizziness, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, headaches, transient visual disturbances, transient ischemic attacks, or strokes. […] Angina pectoris or myocardial infarction may result from narrowing of the coronary artery orifice due to aortitis or coronary arteritis. […] Obstruction of the descending thoracic aorta sometimes causes signs of aortic coarctation (eg, hypertension, headache, leg claudication).

• #22 Takayasu Arteritis | Symptoms | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasus arteritis reduces blood flow to areas of your body and often causes a general feeling of illness. As the condition worsens, you may experience symptoms such as: […] Chest pain […] Fainting and dizziness […] Headaches […] High blood pressure […] Memory problems or trouble thinking […] Pain and weakness in your limbs […] Shortness of breath […] Stroke.

• #23 Takayasu’s Arteritis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/takayasus-arteritis

  Complications occur as a result of narrowing or occlusion of the arteries and may include: Loss of vision. Hypertension. Stroke. Aortic regurgitation. Myocardial infarction. […] 20% have self-limiting monophasic disease. A picture, however, is emerging of long-term disability and reliance on steroids to reduce the remission rate. […] In the presence of major complications (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction, severe hypertension, heart failure, aneurysm), five-year survival is not as favourable, depending on the extent of complications.

• #24 Takayasu Arteritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332378-overview

  Takayasu arteritis is a rare, systemic, inflammatory large-vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology that most commonly affects women of childbearing age. It is defined as „granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its major branches.” Takayasu arteritis commonly occurs in women younger than age 50 years; however, it has been reported in patients as young as age 6 months. Takayasu arteritis can manifest as isolated, atypical, and/or catastrophic disease. It can involve any or all of the major organ systems. Approximately 10% of patients with Takayasu arteritis are asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and include systemic symptoms (eg, malaise, arthralgias, fever), cardiac and vascular symptoms (eg, bruit, especially carotid; blood pressure difference in extremities; claudication; hypertension), neurologic symptoms (eg, headache, visual disturbance), and dermatologic symptoms (eg, erythema nodosum). Takayasu arteritis is associated with substantial morbidity and may be life-threatening. Its course usually extends for many years, with varying degrees of activity. Approximately 20% of patients have a monophasic and self-limited disease. In others, Takayasu arteritis is progressive or relapsing/remitting and requires immunosuppressive treatment. The overall morbidity in Takayasu arteritis depends on the severity of the lesions and their consequences. Complications of the disease include stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, graft stenosis and/or occlusion, ischemia, organ failure, complications of hypertension, fetal injury, valvular heart disease, retinopathy, and renovascular hypertension. Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to infection, adrenal suppression, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypertension, osteoporosis, and aseptic necrosis. Takayasu arteritis is a chronic relapsing and remitting disorder. The overall 10-year survival rate is approximately 90%; however, this rate is reduced in the presence of major complications. The 5- and 10-year survival rates are approximately 69% and 36%, respectively, in patients with 2 or more complications. The 5- and 10-year survival rates associated with 1 or fewer complications are 100% and 96%, respectively.

• #25 Takayasu’s Arteritis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/takayasus-arteritis-a-to-z

  Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic (long-term) disease in which arteries become inflamed. […] The symptoms of Takayasu’s arteritis vary depending on the stage of the illness and the arteries affected. Early symptoms can include fever, fatigue, poor appetite, weight loss, night sweats, joint pain, and chest pain. Later symptoms typically are related to narrowing of the arteries and a decrease in blood flow to certain organs. These later symptoms can include: headache, nausea, or fatigue related to high blood pressure and kidney failure; chest pain, especially with exertion; shortness of breath and fatigue, resulting from congestive heart failure; fainting, dizziness, changes in vision, transient ischemic attacks (mini strokes), or a stroke, resulting from poor blood flow to the brain; abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, resulting from poor blood flow to the abdomen; muscle weakness and pain in the arms or legs when they are moved.

• #26 Takayasu’s Arteritis Symptoms and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/takayasus-arteritis?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2C…%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%2Caqkljlpwmmk%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn%3Fcmp%3Dhrgn

  Symptoms vary depending on which arteries have become narrow. As with many other inflammatory diseases, patients with TAK often feel ill with flu-like symptoms before the disease is treated. Symptoms include: Pain in the hand or lower leg with use (claudication), often with absent pulse or abnormally reduced blood pressure […] Abdominal pain especially after eating […] Chest pain with activity […] Dizziness […] Headache due to very high blood pressure (caused by narrowing of an artery supplying a kidney) […] Muscle and joint pain, fatigue, fever.

• #27 Takayasu Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/takayasu_disease/article.htm

  Chest pain is a symptom of Takayasu disease. […] The inflammation of the aorta and its branch arteries can lead to poor blood supply to tissues of the body in patients with Takayasu disease. This can cause painful, cool, or blanched extremities, dizziness, headaches, chest pain, and abdominal pain. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and low-grade fever. […] The long-term prognosis is not predictable. Some researchers have found that the prognosis is worse when the retinas of the eyes are affected, if the aorta is damaged, or when aneurysms develop. There is also some research that indicates that earlier, aggressive treatment with cortisone and immune-suppression medications may decrease the chances for requiring future surgical procedures for the blood-vessel abnormalities. […] The effects of Takayasu arteritis vary greatly from patient to patient. These effects frequently depend on the impaired blood supply to body tissues (such as the brain leading to strokes or spinal cord leading to paralysis).

• #28 Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Presenting With Neurological Symptoms and Proteinuria | Volume 35 – Issue 2 – June 2020 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1119

  Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic, relapsing, granulomatous large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta, its major branches, and pulmonary arteries. In general, the initial manifestations of TA include constitutional symptoms, limb claudication, decreased arterial pulse, heart murmurs, arterial hypertension and blood pressure asymmetry. Lack of specific features, particularly in childhood, causes delayed diagnosis. […] Neurological manifestations are common symptoms in TA patients in the chronic phase, but they are uncommon in the early stages of the disease. […] Stroke, reported as the first symptom in 6-8% of patients, may occur in 16-20% of patients during the course of the disease. […] Renovascular hypertension is the most common renal manifestation of TA; however, proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome are both very rare and usually caused by factors other than FSGS.

• #29 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/takayasus-arteritis?page=2

  Takayasu’s arteritis can cause weakening of your artery walls, which can lead to tearing or bulging (aneurysm). […] It can also cause narrowing or blocking of your arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. When this happens in blood vessels of your arms or legs, this may cause fatigue, pain, or aching especially during activities such as shampooing the hair, exercising, or walking. While less common, reduced blood flow may cause a stroke or a heart attack. In some people, poor blood flow to the intestines may lead to abdominal pain, especially after meals. […] About half of all people with Takayasu’s arteritis will have symptoms, which usually come on gradually. „Initially [a patient] only presents with general symptoms such as fatigue, pain, weakness, weight loss, and pain that makes diagnosis difficult,” says Mehrnaz Hojjati, MD, a rheumatologist with Providence St. Joseph Hospital in Orange County, CA.

• #30 Takayasu Arteritis – Vasculitides – Cardiology – Picmonic for Medicine

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/medicine/courses/standard/cardiology-10644/vasculitides-38933/takayasu-arteritis_299

  Takayasus arteritis is a large vessel granulomatous vasculitis that often affects Asian females. […] Symptoms typically begin with an inflammatory phase, characterized by symptoms of fever, myalgia, night sweats, arthritis and fatigue. […] The inflammatory phase is followed by a pulseless phase, which is characterized by vascular insufficiency due to obstruction of the branches of the aorta, including the left common carotid, brachiocephalic and left subclavian. Patients can present with weak or absent pulses in the upper extremities, which is why Takayasus arteritis is commonly referred to as the pulseless disease. […] One rare but important feature of Takayasus is ocular disturbances with visual field defects, vision loss, or even retinal hemorrhage. […] Symptoms of Takayasu arteritis typically begin with an inflammatory phase, and lab findings demonstrate marked elevation of ESR. […] Due to obstruction of the branches of the aorta, patients can also present with different blood pressure readings in the two arms.

• #31 Takayasu’s arteritis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1064

  Takayasu’s arteritis is a vasculitis of large vessels that particularly affects the aorta and its primary branches. […] Generally more common in women and typically presents before the age of 40 years. […] Typical symptoms include limb claudication on exertion, chest pain, and systemic symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, low-grade fever, and myalgia. […] On examination, vascular bruits may be audible over the carotids, abdominal aorta, or subclavian vessels. Unequal blood pressures may be recorded between sides, and a murmur of aortic regurgitation may be heard if there is aortic root dilation. […] Long-term complications are due mainly to arterial occlusion and related damage, including limb ischaemia and cardiac and neurological manifestations. […] Symptoms from vascular ischaemia include claudication and stroke. Diminished or absent pulses and hypertension are common. Constitutional symptoms, including fever and weight loss, are often accompanied by elevation of acute phase markers.

• #32 Takayasu’s arteritis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1064

  Key diagnostic factors include upper or lower limb claudication, absent pulse(s), unequal blood pressures, vascular bruits, and low-grade fever. […] Other diagnostic factors include transient ischaemic attack (TIA), myalgia, arthralgia, weight loss, fatigue, dizziness on upper-limb exertion, hypertension, stroke, chest pain, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath.

• #33 Takayasu Arteritis

  https://rheumatology.org/patients/takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare form of vasculitis which causes inflammation in the walls of large arteries. Inflammation leads to narrowing of the arteries which can reduce blood flow to many parts of the body. TAK can result in a weak pulse or the loss of a pulse in the arms or legs. It is also known as pulseless disease. […] Common symptoms of TAK are fever, fatigue, and leg or arm pain with activity. Some patients with TAK may have no symptoms at all until the disease is very advanced. A doctor may suspect TAK if there are different blood pressures in the left compared to the right arm or if a pulse is not felt at all in the arms or legs. […] TAK is a chronic disease and will need long-term treatment. Some patients have no symptoms or only mild symptoms, but others are disabled or need surgery. Because TAK can cause heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke, patients with TAK should talk to their doctor about ways to lower the risk of these serious problems. Blood pressure measurement is often not correct in the arm because of blocked arteries. So, a health care professional may need to measure your blood pressure in your leg.

• #34 Clinical Symptoms and Associated Vascular Imaging Findings in Takayasu’s Arteritis Compared to Giant Cell Arteritis – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/clinical-symptoms-and-associated-vascular-imaging-findings-in-takayasus-arteritis-compared-to-giant-cell-arteritis/

  Takayasus arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are the two major forms of large vessel vasculitis. […] Patients with TAK were more likely to report carotidynia than patients with GCA [12 (21%) vs 0 (0%), p 0.01]. […] Carotidynia was associated with abnormal activity on FDG-PET (Sensitivity 27%, Specificity 96%, p 0.01) and less strongly associated with damage on MRA (Sensitivity 11%, Specificity 95%, p=0.02) in TAK. […] Posterior neck pain was more common in patients with GCA than TAK [10 (18%) vs 4 (7%), p=0.09]. […] Vertigo was associated with vertebral artery damage in TAK (p 0.01), whereas lightheadedness was associated with carotid artery damage in GCA (p 0.01). […] Patients with increased burden of damaged neck arteries were more likely to experience lightheadedness (p=0.03), positional lightheadedness (p 0.01), posterior neck pain (p=0.02) or a major CNS event (p 0.01) at some point during the disease. […] The distribution of clinical symptoms and association with vascular imaging abnormalities differs between TAK and GCA.

• #35 Takayasu’s Arteritis Symptoms and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medicine/rheumatology-inflammation-immunity/services/takayasus-arteritis

  Symptoms vary depending on which arteries have become narrow. As with many other inflammatory diseases, patients with TAK often feel ill with flu-like symptoms before the disease is treated. Symptoms include: […] Pain in the hand or lower leg with use (claudication), often with absent pulse or abnormally reduced blood pressure […] Abdominal pain especially after eating […] Chest pain with activity […] Dizziness […] Headache due to very high blood pressure (caused by narrowing of an artery supplying a kidney) […] Muscle and joint pain, fatigue, fever.

• #36 The Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Takayasu Arteritis: A Descriptive Study of Case Reports

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8519497/

  Takayasu’s arteritis is a rare form of chronic inflammatory disorder involving large vessels, with an unclear etiology. Common early signs and symptoms are weakness, malaise, and fever. […] Fever was the most frequent symptom (20.93%), followed by chest pain (13.95%), claudication (13.95%), and headache (13.95%). Less frequent complaints included shortness of breath (11.62%), weight loss (9.30%), syncope (6.98%), and night sweats (4.65%). […] Takayasu arteritis has a wide range of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic disease induced by impalpable pulse or bruits to serious neurological impairment. Non-specific symptoms include fever, night sweats, tiredness, weight loss, arthralgia, myalgia, and mild anemia. […] As the inflammation progresses, more stenoses form and distinct characteristics appear, owing to the development of collateral circulation. The most prevalent type of lesion is stenosis, which is frequently bilateral.

• #37 Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) – Treatment abroad

  https://www.gsdinternational.com/conditions/takayasu-s-arteritis-ta

  The symptoms are very diverse depending on the affected vessel: pain along the affected arteries and symptoms of ischemia of the perfused organs (for instance, intermittent claudication, fainting, pain in the heart, abdominal pain). […] Systemic symptoms may also be present, such as: asthenia; fever; night sweats; joint pain. […] Characteristic are some objective signs of vascular occlusion: lack of arterial pulse; difference in blood pressure between two opposite limbs; presence of noises along the course of the arteries. […] The disease is mostly progressive, with a variable course, but spontaneous remissions are possible.

• #38 Takayasu’s Arteritis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasu’s arteritis is predominantly a disease of young adults, typically presenting in the second and third decades of life, and may also affect children. […] The symptoms of the disease mainly arise as a direct consequence of arterial insufficiency due to the inflammation. […] The disease is commonly divided into two stages. Slightly more patients present with systemic stage than occlusive stage. […] The symptoms are due to inflammation of the artery prior to any occlusion and include: Fever, fatigue, weight loss. Arthralgia and nonspecific pains. Tenderness overlying the affected arteries. […] Ischaemic phenomena are responsible for symptoms, dependent on the site. They include: Vascular – claudication of the jaw or extremities, back pain (due to involvement of the aorta), syncope (rare), hypertension (the most common presentation in children). Neurological – dizziness, headaches, transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), visual disturbance, seizures, stroke. Cardiac – angina, dyspnoea (from congestive cardiac failure – the primary cause of death). Pulmonary – haemoptysis, pleuritis. Gastrointestinal – abdominal pain from ischaemia/infarction of bowel. Also renal (haematuria) and dermatological (rashes including erythema multiforme and induratum).

• #39 Takayasu arteritis – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/takayasu-arteritis/

  Phase two then follows after a few weeks and months. Many of those affected now experience symptoms that can be traced back to the circulatory disorders in the respective areas. They often affect larger parts of the body such as entire extremities or organs. […] The pulse in the arteries of the arm is weaker or the blood pressure in the arm is unusually low or can no longer be measured correctly. Pain in the hands, arms or legs (PAD or intermittent claudication) during movement and physical exertion. Rarely, pain may also occur in the area of the carotid artery. Pale and cool hands, especially when working. Skin changes, for example inflammation of the subcutaneous fatty tissue (erythema nodosum) or hives (urticaria). Headaches, visual disturbances, visual field defects, thinking and concentration disorders, signs of paralysis, speech disorders if vessels supplying the brain are affected they correspond to the symptoms of a stroke. Back pain. Symptoms of Raynauds phenomenon: The extremities suddenly turn pale in the cold or under stress. They turn bluish in color and some time later reddish when blood circulation resumes. Chest tightness (angina pectoris), shortness of breath and heart attack if coronary vessels are affected or a heart valve is affected.

• #40 Takayasu Arteritis or Pulseless Disease – Vasculitis UK

  https://www.vasculitis.org.uk/about-vasculitis/takayasu-arteritis

  The initial symptoms of TA are typically non-specific and may include one or more of:- malaise (a general feeling of being unwell), profound fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, myalgia (muscle pain), arthralgia (painful joints), rash. Additional symptoms can include dizziness/light headedness, shortness of breath, cramping pain in the arms, legs or chest on exertion. Carotidynia, (pain and tenderness over the carotid arteries in the front of the neck) is also found in approximately 25 per cent of patients. […] In most cases (90%) the inflammation leads to narrowing of the vessels making it harder for blood to travel through them, hence TA is also known as Pulseless disease and often the absence of a pulse at the wrist leads to diagnosis of the disease. […] The long term prognosis of TA is good. Approximately 20 per cent of patients will have a monophasic self-limiting disease (just one inflammatory episode). More typically, the disease follows a relapsing and remitting course. Limited data are available on long-term outcome and varies significantly between patients, dependent upon the extent of their disease. In the majority of patients the TA appears to burn out after a period of 2-5 years, and treatment can be gradually withdrawn.

• #41 Takayasu’s Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7097-takayasus-arteritis

  Although there is no cure for Takayasus arteritis, it is a treatable disease. Most people who have it improve with treatment. However, for many people, TAK can be partially, or less often, completely disabling. The effects of illness on function may be significant. […] Takayasus arteritis is a chronic disease that progresses slowly. You’ll need long-term treatment, most likely with medicine. […] In the United States and Japan, only about 3% of people with Takayasu’s arteritis die after having the disease for an average period of five years. This may be due to healthcare providers recognizing the disease and treating it correctly. Other parts of the world may have worse outcomes because of delayed diagnosis and treatment or poor access to care. Without treatment, TAK can be fatal.

• #42 French recommendations for the management of Takayasu’s arteritis | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01922-1

  The progression is quite variable. Despite current treatments, about 50% of the patients relapse or develop a vascular complication within 10 years of the diagnosis of Takayasu’s disease. Vascular lesions may progress in a completely silent way. […] In a recent French study, after a median follow-up of 6.1 years, relapses were observed in 43% of the cases, vascular complications in 38% of the cases and deaths in 5% of the cases. The rates of event-free survival at 5 and 10 years, of relapse-free survival and survival without complications were 48.2% and 36.4%, 58.6% and 47.7% and 69.9% and 53.7%, respectively. […] The prognosis for survival of Takayasus arteritis is generally good. However, Takayasus arteritis is associated with increased mortality. Survival at 15 years is 85% and at 20 years 75% in previous studies dating back to the 1980s. The standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 3.0 compared to the general population of the same age. Early identification of patients with poor prognosis factors could help prevent these deaths.

• #43 Takayasu’s Arteritis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/takayasus-arteritis-a-to-z

  If symptoms go away, either on their own or after treatment, they can return later. Damage to arteries may be permanent. Even when Takayasu’s arteritis itself is no longer active, narrowed arteries may continue to disrupt blood flow to organs. […] Symptoms resolve in about 60% of people with Takayasu’s arteritis when they are treated with glucocorticoids alone. However, symptoms return in about half of these patients. When symptoms return, retreatment with a combination of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive drugs has a 40% to 80% success rate. But, it’s common for symptoms to return again. Overall, about 80% survive at least 15 years following the diagnosis, but the prognosis varies depending on whether there are complications (such as the development of aneurysms). The prognosis may be improving due to newer treatment options.

• #44 Takayasu Arteritis – Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/vasculitic-disorders/takayasu-arteritis

  Takayasu arteritis is a chronic disorder with symptoms that fluctuate in severity. […] Sometimes the disorder begins with fever, muscle and joint aches, loss of appetite, weight loss, and night sweats. But usually, symptoms occur when an artery narrows, reducing blood flow to part of the body, as in the following: […] Some people do not have any symptoms. In other people, the disorder progresses, causing serious complications such as strokes, heart failure, heart attacks, kidney failure, and aneurysms. […] For 20% of people, the disorder occurs once and does not return. For the rest, the disorder goes away and returns or is chronic and progressively worsens. Even when symptoms and laboratory test abnormalities suggest the disorder is not active, new symptoms occur or an abnormality is found during imaging studies. The prognosis is poorer for people whose disorder is progressively worsening and who have complications (such as high blood pressure, heart failure, or aneurysms).

• #45 UPDATE IN TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS – Rheumatology Quarterly

  https://qrheumatol.com/articles/update-in-takayasus-arteritis/doi/qrheumatol.galenos.2023.36844

  Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare, chronic granulomatous large-vessel arteritis affecting mainly the aorta and its major branches. Inflammation of the vessel wall causes segmental stenosis, occlusion, dilatation, and/or aneurysm formation. TAK is mainly observed in young females. In the presence of typical symptoms and physical findings such as loss of pulses and/or decreased arterial blood pressure and elevated acute phase responses, the diagnosis should be confirmed easily by angiographic imaging modalities. The clinical course of TAK generally has three phases. The first phase is characterized by non-specific constitutional inflammatory symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue. In the second phase, inflammation of arterial walls is prominent, causing carotidynia, neck pain, and sometimes back pain in the thoracic and dorsal areas. The third phase, thought to be the late phase of the disease, is characterized by bruits, decreased or absence of pulses, and blood pressure difference between arms and extremity claudication. During the diagnostic phase, 10-20% of patients with TAK are asymptomatic. Arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysms lead to various signs and symptoms such as extremity pain, claudication, light-headedness, constitutional features (such as fever, malaise, anorexia, and loss), bruits, absent or diminished pulses, and loss of blood pressure. TAK generally follows an insidious course at onset. However, atypical and/or catastrophic disease, such as acute visual loss or stroke, may also occur. Prognosis is recently possibly getting better with lower mortality, but a substantial damage is present even in early cases. It is critical to differentiate irreversible damage from disease activity and thus avoid potential over-treatment with toxic agents such as corticosteroids in TAK. Despite immunosuppressive treatments, relapses were observed in approximately one-third of TAK patients during follow-up. TAK generally has a relapsing-remitting course. There can be prolonged periods of seemingly clinically inactive disease during which arterial damage can still progress.

• #46 Update on the Management of Takayasu Arteritis – The Rheumatologist

  https://www.the-rheumatologist.org/article/update-on-the-management-of-takayasu-arteritis/

  Patients with Takayasu arteritis not only have vascular symptoms, but may also present with systemic symptoms, such as fever, weight loss and malaise. […] Patients who were older than 40 at the time of symptom onset tended to have a more diffuse pattern of vascular lesions and a higher rate of complications. The presence of major complications, being older than 40, a progressive disease course and a weaker inflammatory response were all associated with a more unfavorable prognosis. […] The researchers found no evidence detailing the best disease-monitoring scheme. They note that because the consequences of disease progression in Takayasu arteritis may be severe, rapid diagnosis and treatment can reduce the likelihood of vascular damage.

• #47 Treatment of Chronic and Relapsing Takayasu’s Arteritis

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/treatment-of-chronic-and-relapsing-takayasus-arteritis

  While establishing early diagnosis is difficult, determining and monitoring disease activity in patients with TAK also proves challenging. […] Complications from arterial inflammation differ according to which vessels are affected. They include secondary hypertension, aortic regurgitation, congestive heart failure, aortic aneurysm, stroke and chronic limb claudication, among others. […] TAK is a chronic or relapsing disease in the majority of patients and continuous or multiple courses of treatment are often needed. […] Imaging tests at regular intervals allow for evaluation of location and extent of arterial lesions and the identification of lesions in new vascular territories and progression of previous arterial lesions.

• #48

• #49 Takayasu arteritis: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/takayasu-arteritis

  Early intervention, diagnosis, and treatment are vital to managing Takayasu arteritis effectively and preventing severe complications. […] Without treatment, the chronic inflammation and arterial wall damage from Takayasu arteritis can lead to various complications, including: aneurysms, stroke, heart failure, hypertension, vision loss. […] Takayasu arteritis is a chronic condition. Therefore, some individuals may require lifelong monitoring and treatment. However, with the right measures in place, many individuals can manage their symptoms and lead healthy lives. […] Life expectancy with Takayasu arteritis can vary, but it is significantly lower in high risk patients. This underscores the importance of early diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and individualized treatment plans to improve outcomes and quality of life. […] Without treatment, individuals with Takayasu arteritis can experience serious complications that may significantly affect quality of life and longevity.

• #50 The Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Takayasu Arteritis: A Descriptive Study of Case Reports

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8519497/

  As the condition advances, the symptoms and effects become increasingly severe, leading to complications. Takayasu retinopathy, secondary hypertension, aortic regurgitation, and aneurysm formation were the four most common sequelae observed in Takayasu patients, each of which was categorized as mild/moderate or severe at the time of diagnosis. […] The main entity for diagnosis is imaging, which depicts stenosis of major vessels and other conditions.

• #51 Takayasu Arteritis – Rare Awareness Rare Education

  https://rareportal.org.au/rare-disease/takayasu-arteritis/

  The symptoms and severity of Takayasu arteritis can vary widely between individuals. The symptoms often (but not always) occur in two phases: […] Inflammatory Phase (also known as the pre-pulselessness phase) This first phase is often only recognised in hindsight as the symptoms are similar to many common illnesses. Symptoms frequently include flu-like aches, fevers and tiredness, as well as possible weight loss, night sweats, and mild iron deficiency (anaemia). People with Takayasu arteritis may experience recurring bouts of these symptoms, although this is not the case for everyone. […] Chronic Phase (also known as the pulseless phase) These symptoms may occur after the inflammatory phase, or at the same time, and may include: chest pain, light headedness or dizziness, no pulse at wrists and/or other locations, tired, sore or numb arms and/or legs when moving (claudication), headache or migraine, blurred vision, double vision, or vision loss, skin sores (ulcerated lesions), High blood pressure (hypertensive crisis), in particular affecting the lungs (renal hypertension) and/or kidneys (pulmonary hypertension), blood pressure that is higher in legs than in arms, vascular bruit or murmur (whooshing sound over an artery) in the neck or abdomen, narrowing and/or closure of blood vessels (arterial stenosis), abnormal heart valve shape (morphology). […] There may be life-threatening complications associated with Takayasu arteritis, such as brief or complete loss of blood supply to the brain (mini-stroke or stroke), heart failure, and heart attack.

• #52 Takayasu Arteritis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/vasculitis/takayasu-arteritis

  Pulmonary arteries are affected, sometimes causing pulmonary hypertension. Involvement of the medium-sized branches of the pulmonary arteries can cause pulmonary infarcts. […] For 20% of patients, the course is monophasic. For the rest, the course is relapsing and remitting or chronic and progressive. Even when symptoms and laboratory abnormalities suggest quiescence, new vascular lesions occur and are evident on imaging studies. A progressive course and the presence of complications (eg, hypertension, aortic regurgitation, heart failure, aneurysms) predict a less favorable prognosis.

• #53 Takayasu’s arteritis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/takayasu-s-arteritis.html

  Symptoms resolve in about 60% of people with Takayasu’s arteritis when they are treated with glucocorticoids alone. However, symptoms return in about half of these patients. When symptoms return, retreatment with a combination of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive drugs has a 40% to 80% success rate. But, it’s common for symptoms to return again. Overall, about 80% survive at least 15 years following the diagnosis, but the prognosis varies depending on whether there are complications (such as the development of aneurysms). The prognosis may be improving due to newer treatment options.

• #54 Diagnosis at Last: Takayasu’s Arteritis | Hackensack Meridian Health

  https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/healthu/patient-perspectives/2019/07/diagnosis-at-last-takayasus-arteritis

  I still get dizzy sometimes, so I try to do things slowly, Nathalie says. And Ive learned that the best way to keep my symptoms away is to not sleep too much, move my body right when I wake up, eat and drink healthy foods and limit my stress. […] Flare-ups do occur, and living with a chronic illness can be emotionally draining.

• #55 Takayasu’s Arteritis | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/aortic-artery-disease/takayasus-arteritis

  Takayasu arteritis causes tiredness, fever, pain, and weight loss. Or you may not feel any symptoms. Either way, this condition can have serious outcomes. Getting treated can help. […] Symptoms usually appear in two stages. In the early stage, you might have no symptoms at all. Or you could feel: Fatigue, Fever, Unexplained weight loss, Pain in joint or muscles. […] Symptoms in the later stage might include: Pain, including headaches, chest pain, or pain with movement, Weakness, Shortness of breath, Dizziness, Trouble seeing properly, High blood pressure, Anemia. […] Takayasu arteritis is a chronic condition. That means we can treat it, but it wont go away completely. The swelling will come and go, for better or worse.

• #56 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Untreated, Takayasu’s arteritis can lead to severe complications. Strokes, heart attacks, and organ failure are potential risks due to blocked arteries in clinical cases of high blood pressure. Early diagnosis reduces these risks significantly. Treatment during remission phases can prevent further arterial damage. […] Patients with Takayasus arteritis can benefit from specific dietary changes. Consuming anti-inflammatory foods helps reduce inflammation. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fatty fish. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon or flaxseed are particularly beneficial for patients. […] Stress management is vital for individuals with Takayasus arteritis. Chronic stress can worsen symptoms and trigger relapses. Techniques like mindfulness meditation and deep breathing exercises can be effective for patients. Engaging in hobbies or activities that bring joy also reduces stress levels in patients.

• #57 Functional Medicine: Takayasu’s Arteritis Pathophysiology & Care | Maggie Yu MD, IFMCP

  https://drmaggieyu.com/blog/functional-medicine-takayasus-arteritis-pathophysiology-care/

  Frequent monitoring of patients’ health status is crucial for managing Takayasus arteritis effectively. Regular check-ups help patients track disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments. Adjustments to lifestyle changes for patients may be necessary based on these observations. […] The primary goal is to achieve complete remission. This means no signs of active inflammation and stable artery conditions. Secondary goals include maintaining a good quality of life and preventing complications like aneurysms or strokes.

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