Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Flu and Children | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children.html

  Flu can be more dangerous than the common cold for children. Children younger than 5 years oldespecially those younger than 2and children of any age with certain chronic health conditions, are at higher risk of developing potentially serious flu-related complications. […] Annual flu vaccination offers the best protection against flu and its potentially serious complications in children. […] Because these groups of children are at higher risk, it is especially important that they get a seasonal flu vaccine to help prevent flu, and to reduce their risk of being hospitalized or dying from flu if they do get sick. […] It’s important to vaccinate everyone 6 months and older against flu each year to help protect those most at risk. […] Each year, millions of children get sick with seasonal flu; thousands of children are hospitalized, and some children die from flu.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/vaccines

  Global Influenza Programme We provide Member States with strategic guidance, technical support and coordination of activities essential to make their health systems better prepared against seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic influenza threats to populations and individuals. […] Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and severe outcomes caused by influenza viruses. […] Children younger than 5-years-old, and especially those younger than 2-years-old, are at high risk of developing serious flu-related complications. A flu vaccine offers the best defense against flu, and its potentially serious consequences, and can also reduce the spread of flu to others. […] The constantly evolving nature of influenza viruses requires continuous global monitoring and frequent reformulation of influenza vaccines.

• #2 Flu and Children | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children.html

  CDC estimates that from the 2010-2011 season to the 2022-2023 season (excluding 2020-2021), flu-related hospitalizations among children younger than 5 years old each flu season have ranged from 6,000 to 25,000 annually in the United States. […] During the 2023-2024 flu season, 70 percent of children 0 to 17 years old hospitalized with flu had at least one underlying health condition, such as asthma, neurologic disease, obesity, or cardiovascular disease. […] From the 2004-2005 season to the 2022-2023 season (excluding 2020-2021), flu-related deaths in children reported to CDC during regular flu seasons have ranged from 37 to 199 deaths. […] Importantly, among reported flu-related deaths in children, about 80% occurred in children who were not fully vaccinated. […] During 2019-2020, for example, 199 flu-related deaths in children were reported to CDC, but statistical modeling suggests approximately 434 deaths may have occurred.

• #3 Charted: US pediatric flu deaths hit a 15-year high

  https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2025/05/06/pediatric-flu-deaths

  According to new CDC data, there have been 216 pediatric flu deaths in the United States so far this flu season, the highest number in 15 years. Health experts say that declining flu vaccination rates among children likely contributed to this increase in deaths. […] According to O’Leary, several factors likely contributed to the overall severity of this year’s flu season, but declining flu vaccination rates, especially among children, played a big role. Five years ago, almost 64% of children were vaccinated against the flu, but this flu season, only 49% of children were vaccinated. […] Although the flu vaccine won’t prevent people from developing symptoms, research has shown that it is highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. […] „Flu immunization is still a good idea. It’s not perfect, we need [a] much better vaccine,” Goodman added, „but this is something people need to take seriously.” […] „My hope is that this season will be a bit of wake-up call for folks that we actually do need to vaccinate our kids against influenza,” O’Leary said.

• #4 Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard | FluVaxView | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fluvaxview/dashboard/index.html

  Preliminary, within-season flu vaccination coverage estimates for children ages 6 months through 17 years are calculated using parent-reported information from the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu). […] As of April 26, 2025, 49.2% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 48.2-50.1) of children received a flu vaccination, lower than last season at this same time point (53.4%). […] The percentage of children who received a flu vaccination varies by child’s age, mother’s education, poverty status, race and ethnicity, urbanicity, and jurisdiction. […] CDC’s final estimates for previous flu seasons are available. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, flu vaccination coverage had been slowly increasing; downturns in coverage occurred during and after the pandemic. Flu vaccination levels have not rebounded to pre-pandemic levels.

• #5 Influenza vaccine effectiveness in children: a retrospective study on eight post-pandemic seasons with trivalent inactivated vaccine

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7975907/

  The global burden of disease attributable to seasonal influenza virus in children is difficult to quantify. […] Aim of the study was to estimate the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in a cohort of outpatient children. […] Overall, 19.9% of the children were vaccinated. […] Our findings represent a useful contribution to the ongoing debate about the appropriateness of including influenza vaccination for healthy children, 6 months and older, in the updating National Vaccine Prevention Plan (PNPV). […] The eight epidemic seasons considered in our study were characterized by the frequent co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses. […] Overall, the effectiveness of the vaccination was good but, as already observed in other studies and in different age groups, it was high against the subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 (63%) and substantially lower against the subtype A(H3N2) and towards the type B.

• #6

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/flu-cases-rising-kids-vaccine-rates-low-cdc-rcna177336

  Even though a record number of kids died from the flu last year, the percentage of children getting flu shots continues to plummet. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Wednesday that as of Nov. 30, just over a third of U.S. kids 37% had gotten flu shots, down from 43% at the same time last year. […] Just over half of kids, 55%, got the flu shot during the 2023-24 season, the lowest rate in 12 years, said Alicia Budd, head of the CDCs domestic influenza surveillance team. […] Flu vaccination levels have not rebounded to pre-pandemic levels. […] A preliminary report released in October suggested the flu shots effectiveness at keeping kids ages 5 and younger out of the hospital may be on the lower end, at just 39%. […] We know that more than 80% of the reported influenza-associated pediatric deaths last season occurred in children who were eligible for a flu vaccine but werent fully vaccinated, Budd said. Its another reminder of how important vaccination is.

• #7 A Retrospective Test-Negative Case-Control Study to Evaluate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Hospitalizations in Children

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8599178/

  Vaccination is the primary strategy to reduce influenza burden. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) can vary annually depending on circulating strains. We used a test-negative case-control study design to estimate influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations among children (aged 6 months to 17 years) across 5 influenza seasons in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2012-2013 to 2016-2017. The adjusted VE against influenza-related hospitalizations during 2012-2013 to 2016-2017 was 51.3% (95% CI, 34.8% to 63.6%) and varied by season. Influenza vaccination decreased the risk of influenza-related pediatric hospitalizations by 50% across 5 influenza seasons. A test-negative case-control study estimated inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness after adjustment at 51.3% (95% confidence interval, 34.8% to 63.6%) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations among children across 5 influenza seasons in Atlanta, Georgia. Influenza vaccination can prevent influenza infection and its complications and is recommended for children aged 6 months. Influenza VE can be impacted by many factors such as receipt of prior seasonal influenza vaccinations, timing of influenza vaccination relative to the onset of disease, age, comorbidities, and antigenic match between the vaccine strain and antigenically drifted circulating influenza strains. We found substantial variability in influenza VE by season and age group. Overall seasonal influenza VE from 2012 to 2017 ranged from 12.0% to 83.6%. Importantly, we also identified evidence for protection of influenza vaccination against influenza-related ICU admission and pneumonia. Influenza vaccination provides significant protection against pediatric hospitalization, including potential ICU admission and pneumonia.

• #8 2022-2023 Flu Vaccine Effectiveness

  https://www.flu.com/Articles/2023/2022-2023-Flu-Vaccine-Effectiveness

  Flu vaccine effectiveness changes each year, depending on the person being vaccinated, circulating flu strains, and how well the flu vaccines match the influenza strains in circulation. […] Preliminary data on flu vaccine effectiveness for the 2022-23 flu season from CDC clinical surveillance networks and clinical trial researchers has showed that 2022-2023 flu season vaccines substantially reduced flu-related hospitalizations and outpatient medically attended care in both children and adults. […] Data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) showed that children who received flu vaccines had a 68% lower chance of hospitalization due to flu-related illness or complications. They also had a 42% lower likelihood of visiting an emergency department (ED). […] Additionally, researchers conducting two studies at the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute in Wisconsin found that flu vaccine effectiveness was 54% in preventing outpatient visits including telehealth, primary care, urgent care or emergency department visits in children and adults aged 6 months to 64 years who had Influenza A. Researchers also found that vaccines provided 71% effectiveness in preventing symptomatic Influenza A infection.

• #9

  https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/vaccines

  National Influenza Centres (NICs) of GISRS conduct virological surveillance at national level with more than 600,000 clinical specimens tested annually since 2007. […] Twice yearly WHO organizes consultations with experts from WHO CCs, ERLs and other partners to review data generated by GISRS and makes recommendations on influenza vaccine composition for the next northern or southern hemisphere influenza seasons.

• #10 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/immunization/influenza.aspx

  Flu can be a serious illness that is easily spread from person to person. CDC estimates that flu causes millions of illnesses, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year in the United States. The best way to protect yourself and your family against flu is by getting vaccinated. Everyone six months of age and older should receive the flu vaccine every year. […] Flu vaccines help babies and young children stay healthy. Flu vaccines help protect love ones who are at risk from flu. Getting vaccinated not helps protect infants, young children, and older adults in your family. […] Some local health departments may also offer low- or no-cost flu vaccines. […] California Influenza and Other Respiratory Disease Surveillance (CDPH) […] National Influenza Surveillance (CDC)

• #11

  https://ibis.utah.gov/epht-view/indicator/important_facts/ImmInfChiTee.html

  Number of children who are reported to have received an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months. […] The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and uses a random-digit-dialing sample of landline and cellular telephone numbers to find households throughout the U.S. children 19-35 months and teens 13-17 years, and flu vaccinations for children 6 months-17 years to participate in the survey. […] The survey collects data through telephone interviews with parents or guardians in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and some U.S. territories. […] Influenza, or flu, is an acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract that can occur in epidemics or pandemics. […] Children younger than five years old, especially those younger than two, are at high risk of developing serious flu-related complications.

• #12 Weekly Flu Vaccination Dashboard | FluVaxView | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fluvaxview/dashboard/index.html

  These within-season, jurisdiction-level, vaccination coverage estimates for children 6 months-17 years are based on IIS data submitted to CDC through the end of March 2025 by 52 immunization awardee jurisdictions. […] Among the currently reporting 44 state and city IIS jurisdictions, flu vaccination coverage ranged from 9.4% to 46.3%. […] Among 8 reporting U.S. territorial and affiliated island jurisdictions, coverage ranged from 0.2% to 35.9%.

• #13 OPTIONS VI: Surveillance System Monitors Flu Vaccine Efficacy in Children

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/options-vi-surveillance-system-monitors-flu-vaccine-efficacy-children

  However, there was variation in effectiveness from year to year and between older and younger children. […] She and colleagues used the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, which was set up in 1999 to provide longitudinal data to help measure the impact of respiratory disease vaccines in children younger than five. […] For this study, the cases were children in the network who went to hospital with a respiratory illness that was confirmed to be flu. […] In 2003-04, vaccine effectiveness ranged between 4% and 17% (depending on the control group) for fully vaccinated children from six months through 23 months, but the confidence intervals were wide and the results weren’t significant, Dr. Iwane said. […] The following year, however, vaccine effectiveness was 64% compared with the negative controls and 66% compared with the chart control group and both results were significant, she said.

• #14 How many Australians have had a flu vaccine? | NCIRS

  https://ncirs.org.au/influenza-vaccination-coverage-data

  NCIRS is monitoring and reporting influenza (flu) vaccination coverage data throughout the 2025 flu season. […] These data will be updated regularly between early April and the end of August 2025. […] These data, drawn from the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR), have been calculated based on the proportion of AIR-registered, Medicare-eligible people recorded as having received at least one dose of influenza vaccine since 1 March 2025 (or in the same period during 20202024), and by age at vaccination and (for 2025 data only) state/territory of residence.

• #15 Annual influenza surveillance and influenza vaccination uptake reports – Public Health Wales

  https://phw.nhs.wales/topics/immunisation-and-vaccines/fluvaccine/annual-influenza-surveillance-and-influenza-vaccination-uptake-reports/

  Public Health Wales monitors uptake of seasonal influenza immunisation each year. […] Uptake of influenza vaccine was 72.5% in those aged 65 years and older, compared to 76.3% last season. […] Uptake of influenza vaccine in children aged two and three years, mainly immunised in general practices, was 42.8%. Uptake in children, immunised in schools, aged four to 10 was 61.9%, and aged 11 to 15 was 49.7%. […] The total number of individuals in Wales who were immunised against influenza was 922,842 for 2023/24 (around 29% of the population in Wales), compared to an estimated 1,063,495 last season.

• #16 Effectiveness of Pediatric Flu Vaccine | Yale School of Public Health

  https://ysph.yale.edu/emerging-infections-program/projects/completed/pediatric-flu-vaccine-effectiveness/

  The Pediatric Vaccine Effectiveness Study is a case-control study that examines the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine (flu shot) and the effectiveness of one dose versus two doses of the vaccine in eligible children. […] To evaluate the overall effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) among children during influenza seasons in preventing hospitalization with a laboratory-confirmed, community-acquired influenza virus infection. […] Young children are at higher risk of influenza-associated complications and hospitalizations compared with healthy older children and adults aged 65 years. […] The recent implementation of influenza vaccination in young children based on recommendations from ACIP and AAP prompted us to evaluate the effectiveness of TIV in preventing hospitalization among children. […] This evaluation was conducted through the Respiratory Diseases Activity of the Emerging Infections Program Network of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, by building upon the existing surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed influenza in children.

• #17 Marshfield Clinic Research Institute – Research Institute study supports annual flu vaccination for kids

  https://marshfieldresearch.org/News/study-examines-subsequent-flu-vaccine-effectiveness-in-children-previously-vaccinated

  A Marshfield Clinic Research Institute study recently found that getting a flu vaccination one year did not reduce vaccine effectiveness the next year in children, findings that support current recommendations for children to be vaccinated annually against influenza. […] The three-year study looked at whether or not getting the flu vaccine the prior year reduced the effectiveness of the vaccine in children the following year. Effectiveness of the live attenuated (FluMist nasal spray) and inactivated (flu shot) vaccines were not reduced when children received vaccination in both the current and prior seasons. […] McLean was surprised to see differences by vaccine type. Children who received FluMist had much better protection against influenza H3N2 if they had also received the flu vaccine in the prior season. Protection from the flu shot was not affected by vaccination in the prior season.

• #18

  https://ibis.utah.gov/epht-view/indicator/important_facts/ImmInfChiTee.html

  CDC estimates that between 6,000 and 26,000 children younger than five years have been hospitalized each year in the United States because of influenza. […] In Utah, 51.5% of children aged 6 months – 17 years surveyed on the National Immunization Survey (NIS) reported receiving a flu shot in the 2023/24 flu season. Nationwide for the same age group, the rate was 55.4%. […] The DHHS Immunization Program and Bureau of Epidemiology educate health care providers, clinic staff, and the public about prevention methods and support investigation of outbreaks. […] For the 2023/24 flu season, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza vaccination for everyone six months and older with any licensed, appropriate influenza vaccine with no preference expressed for any one vaccine over another.

• #19 Report: Flu vaccine over 50% effective against severe illness among US children from 2015 to 2020 | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/influenza-vaccines/report-flu-vaccine-over-50-effective-against-severe-illness-among-us-children

  The estimated effectiveness of at least one dose of the influenza vaccine against emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalization was over 50% across disease severity levels among nearly 16,000 US children during five respiratory illness seasons, finds a study published late last week in JAMA Network Open. […] „Annual influenza vaccination is recommended in the US for all persons 6 months or older and can reduce the risk of developing severe illness due to influenza virus infection,” the study authors wrote. „However, influenza vaccine coverage in children is lower than the Healthy People 2030 Goal of 70% and has declined in recent years (from 64% in the 2019-2020 season to 48% in the 2023-2024 season as of February 2024).” […] Improving an understanding of VE against severe influenza in children could increase uptake of influenza vaccination and improve vaccine policies globally.

• #20 Studies Look at Why Pediatric Flu Vaccination Rates Remain Too Low

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/studies-look-at-why-pediatric-flu-vaccination-rates-remain-too-low

  While some parents refuse to have their children vaccinated against the flu because of usually unfounded fears of possible side effects, the reasons are much more mundane among others, who aren’t sure a shot is really needed or just haven’t gotten around to it. […] For the study to determine why influenza vaccines are not more widely used, a University of Alabama School of Medicine researcher enrolled 131 of 140 eligible patients 9 months to 18 years old who were tested for influenza in a single, small suburban pediatric practice during the 2012-13 influenza season. […] Results also indicate that, in this group, influenza vaccines were used less frequently than the hepatitis A vaccine, despite the fact that hepatitis A is a relatively low-risk disease compared to influenza. […] Focusing specifically on influenza vaccine, Pennsylvania State University-led researchers analyzed information for about 9,000 children from the Child Complementary and Alternative Medicine File of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Results indicate that influenza vaccination uptake was lower among children ever versus never using alternative medical systems (AMS), at a rate of 33% versus 43%, or manipulative and body-based therapies, 35% versus 43%. […] Children who have ever used certain CAM domains that may require contact with vaccine-hesitant CAM practitioners are vulnerable to lower annual uptake of influenza vaccination, study authors point out.

• #21 Report: Flu vaccine over 50% effective against severe illness among US children from 2015 to 2020 | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/influenza-vaccines/report-flu-vaccine-over-50-effective-against-severe-illness-among-us-children

  „Improving vaccine uptake in children may reduce influenza illness and, subsequently, ED and hospital visits in a time of increased respiratory virus co-circulation,” the researchers wrote. „More research is needed to understand how influenza vaccines protect children against a gradient of severe outcomes and whether this varies by influenza type or subtype and season.” […] „Thus, improving an understanding of VE against severe influenza in children could increase uptake of influenza vaccination and improve vaccine policies globally,” they wrote.

• #22 DH urges people to get vaccinated as flu season approaches

  https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202501/02/P2025010200496.htm

  Based on this, SIV is one of the most effective means to prevent seasonal influenza and its complications,” the spokesperson said. […] The Government has long been encouraging the public to receive vaccinations early, and providing free and subsidised SIV to eligible children, the elderly and other target groups through various Government vaccination programmes. […] As of December 29, 2024, a total of about 1 806 000 doses of seasonal influenza vaccines have been administered under various SIV programmes, an increase of about 5.3 per cent over the same period in 2023. […] The increase in secondary schools is particularly obvious. […] As of December 29, 2024, the SIV coverage rate for children aged 6 months to under 2 years was at a low level of about 16.9 per cent, which was slightly higher than that of the same period in 2023 but still lower than that of other age groups of children. […] To enhance vaccination services for children aged 6 months to under 2 years and to boost the vaccination rate, the Government has opened the DH’s Maternal Child Health Centres (MCHCs) to all children aged 6 months to under 2 years to facilitate children’s access to vaccinations as far as possible.

• #23 Stop Flu at School | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/about-us/programs/stop-flu-at-school/

  Stop Flu at School (SFAS), Hawaiis school-located influenza vaccination program, is an innovative partnership between the State of Hawaii Departments of Health and Education. The Stop Flu at School program aims to improve the health of Hawaiis keiki, families, and kupuna by preventing the spread of influenza (flu) through vaccination. […] Through the Stop Flu at School program, all children attending participating elementary and middle schools are offered FREE flu vaccine at school, during the school day. The program is voluntary for schools and students. […] All children ages 6 months and older are recommended to receive the influenza vaccine each year. DOH strongly encourages parents to ensure their children are protected by having them vaccinated by their healthcare provider. […] Although DOH is not able to offer the SFAS program, we are continuing our ongoing partnership with Hawaii schools in protecting the health of our community by serving as a facilitator to connect schools with non-DOH immunization providers.

• #24 Statement From New York State Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald on the 2024–25 Influenza Season

  https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2025/2025-05-07_statement.htm

  „Sadly, there were 216 pediatric deaths reported nationally by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the highest loss of young lives to the flu in 15 years. In New York State, 25 influenza-associated pediatric deaths have been reported this season, which is the highest recorded amount ever in New York.” […] „Children need to be at least 6 months old to receive a flu vaccine, some of these young New Yorkers we lost were too young for the vaccine.” […] „Of the 25 deaths we saw among children this year, only one was vaccinated and five were too young to receive the vaccine.” […] „Misinformation around vaccines has in recent years contributed to a rise in vaccine hesitancy and declining vaccination rates.” […] „Vaccines are the best protection we have, and do save lives, including the lives of very young children who are too young to receive certain vaccines.” […] „therefore, it remains the Department’s goal to continue to provide as much education and information as possible about flu and other vaccines that remain our best protection against many viruses and preventable diseases.”

• #25 Flu

  https://www.elpasotexas.gov/public-health/services/flu/

  Getting a flu vaccine is more important than ever to protect yourself, your family and your community from the flu. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourages individuals to get vaccinated. This is especially true for pregnant women, children, young adults, caretakers of infants, and health care workers. […] The Texas Vaccines for Children program provides no-cost vaccines to eligible children 18 years old and younger. […] Access the latest reports on influenza in the U.S., including Texas and El Paso, TX by visiting the CDC FluView. […] Influenza surveillance data from 1997-1998 through the current season from the U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) collaborating laboratories and U.S. Outpatient Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) can be accessed through the FluView Interactive website.

• #26 Flu and Children | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children.html

  In children, annual flu vaccination has been shown to reduce flu illnesses, doctor’s visits for flu, and missed school days. […] CDC recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone 6 months and older with any licensed, age-appropriate flu vaccine. […] Children should be vaccinated every flu season for the best protection against flu.

• #27 Studies Show Flu Vaccine Reduces Risk of Hospitalization in Children and Death in Adults

  https://www.idsociety.org/news–publications-new/articles/2019/studies-show-flu-vaccine-reduces-risk-of-hospitalization-in-children-and-death-in-adults/

  Flu vaccination reduced the risk of a child being hospitalized from flu by nearly half, one study found. […] Children who received the influenza vaccine were half as likely to be hospitalized with flu as those who didn’t get vaccinated, according to the study, which followed more than 3,600 children over two seasons. […] Based on this information, the vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations was 50% over the two seasons (49% for the first season and 51% the second), meaning that vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization with flu by about half. […] Our findings support the use of vaccination to prevent severe flu illness in children during every flu season, regardless of which viruses are predominant. […] This type of research helps us more fully understand the benefits of vaccination.

• #28 Prevent the Flu – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/influenza-flu-in-virginia/influenza-prevention-protect-yourself-and-others-from-getting-the-flu/

  Everyone aged six months and older should get a flu shot every year, with few exceptions. […] Some children need two doses of flu vaccine. For those children it is recommended to get the first dose as soon as vaccine is available, because the second dose needs to be given at least four weeks after the first. […] Children aged younger than six months of age are too young to get a flu vaccine. These children are at increased risk of serious flu illness but are too young to be vaccinated. People who are in regular close contact with infants and other children not vaccinated for the flu (e.g., caregivers and household members) should receive the flu vaccine. Additionally, breastfeeding can provide some protection against the flu for infants.

• #29 Statement From New York State Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald on the 2024–25 Influenza Season

  https://www.health.state.ny.us/press/releases/2025/2025-05-07_statement.htm

  „Sadly, there were 216 pediatric deaths reported nationally by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the highest loss of young lives to the flu in 15 years. In New York State, 25 influenza-associated pediatric deaths have been reported this season, which is the highest recorded amount ever in New York.” […] „Children need to be at least 6 months old to receive a flu vaccine, some of these young New Yorkers we lost were too young for the vaccine. The best protection for these little ones is for all those around them to be up to date with the flu vaccine, which usually becomes available in September. Of the 25 deaths we saw among children this year, only one was vaccinated and five were too young to receive the vaccine.” […] „Misinformation around vaccines has in recent years contributed to a rise in vaccine hesitancy and declining vaccination rates.”

• #30 Influenza vaccine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccine

  In April 2002, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) encouraged that all children 6 to 23 months of age be vaccinated annually against influenza. […] In 2010, ACIP again recommended annual influenza vaccination for those 6 months of age and older. […] The CDC also recommends that everyone except infants under the age of six months should receive seasonal influenza vaccine. […] Vaccination campaigns usually focus special attention on people who are at high risk of serious complications if they catch the flu, such as pregnant women, children under 5 years, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems, as well as those to whom they are exposed, such as health care workers. […] As the death rate is high among infants who catch influenza, the CDC and the WHO recommend that household contacts and caregivers of infants be vaccinated to reduce the risk of passing an influenza infection to the infant.

• #31 Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children: population based cohort study | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077076

  Objective To assess optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children. […] In a quasi-experimental analysis of young children vaccinated against influenza, birth month was associated with the timing of vaccination through its influence on the timing of preventive care visits. […] The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that annual influenza vaccinations be administered in September or October to maximize vaccine induced immunity over the coming influenza season. […] Annual influenza vaccination is particularly important for young children, who are at elevated risk of influenza and severe infection necessitating admission to hospital; however, little clinical evidence exists to precisely guide the timing of vaccination in this population. […] A child’s birthday may influence the timing of influenza vaccination.

• #32 Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children: population based cohort study | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077076

  We examined patterns of influenza vaccination and infection, by birth month, among vaccinated children born in months when the annual influenza vaccine is typically available. […] In a large quasi-experimental study of children aged 2-5 years vaccinated against influenza, children who happened to have been born in October tended to be vaccinated later than children born in August and earlier than those born in December, were more likely than other children to be vaccinated in the month of October, and were least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza in the following flu season. The findings support current recommendations that children be vaccinated in October preceding a typical influenza season.

• #33 Key Facts About Flu Vaccine

  https://www.michigan.gov/flu/prevent/key-facts

  Everyone aged 6 months and older, with rare exception, is recommended to receive annual flu vaccine. […] Children aged 6 months through 8 years of age are recommended to receive 2 doses of flu vaccine, separated by at least 4 weeks, for the 2024-2025 flu season if they have not previously received at least 2 doses of flu vaccine prior to this flu season. […] A persons immune protection from vaccination declines over time, so an annual vaccination is needed to get the best protection from flu. […] CDC recommends that everyone should get a flu vaccine by the end of October.

• #34 Influenza (flu) | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/influenza-flu

  Children aged 6 months to <5 years are recommended to receive influenza vaccine every year. [...] Influenza vaccine is funded through the NIP for all children aged ≥6 months to <5 years. For details see the National Immunisation Program Schedule. [...] Infants and children aged <5 years have a higher risk of hospitalisation and increased morbidity after influenza than older children. [...] The Therapeutic Goods Administration registers specific brands of influenza vaccine for use in children from 6 months of age. [...] Children aged 6 months to <9 years receiving influenza vaccine for the first time are recommended 2 doses given at least 4 weeks apart. This maximises the immune response to the vaccine strains. [...] The influenza vaccine is registered for use from 6 months of age at which time young children can be vaccinated. Because these children are immunologically naive to influenza, they need 2 doses of influenza vaccine when immunised for the first time. This maximises the immune response to all vaccine strains.

• #35 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241006/Study-reveals-high-effectiveness-of-flu-vaccines-in-children-but-highlights-challenges-with-certain-subtypes.aspx

  New research shows that flu vaccines provide strong protection for children but underscores the need for improved efficacy against specific subtypes like H3N2. […] A Spanish study investigating the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children finds that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing influenza infection and related hospitalization. […] The study finds that influenza vaccination is highly effective in preventing influenza infection and related hospitalization among children aged 6 to 59 months. […] However, the study acknowledges the limitations in the precision of its findings, particularly regarding the influenza A H3N2 subtype and the influenza B virus, which had very low circulation. […] Considering the study observations, scientists highlight the need for continuous efforts to increase influenza vaccine coverage in future seasons among children belonging to this age group.

• #36 Influenza | doh

  https://dchealth.dc.gov/flu

  Influenza, commonly called „the flu,” is a contagious disease caused by the influenza virus. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a yearly seasonal flu vaccine as the first and most important step in protecting against influenza viruses. […] The types of influenza viruses that the vaccine protects against can change each year based on international surveillance and scientists estimations about which types and strains of viruses will circulate in a given year. […] Information on surveillance and reporting, current and past DC influenza surveillance data.

• #37 Influenza vaccines – frequently asked questions (FAQs) | NCIRS

  https://ncirs.org.au/influenza/influenza-vaccines-frequently-asked-questions-faqs

  Influenza is the most common vaccine preventable disease in Australia and anyone can get it. […] The 2024 influenza season saw a high number of laboratory-confirmed cases, with numbers reaching their highest recorded annual levels. From January to December 2024, 361,625 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and 500 influenza-associated deaths were notified to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. […] Influenza vaccination is recommended and funded under the NIP for all children aged 6 months to less than 5 years. Children in this age group including those without pre-existing medical conditions are more likely to get severe influenza infection resulting in hospitalisation. […] Enhanced safety monitoring systems for influenza vaccines, such as AusVaxSafety, have confirmed that influenza vaccination is safe in children under 5 years; low rates of fever and medical attendance after vaccination have been reported. […] The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) assesses the quality of every batch of vaccine, including influenza vaccine, before it is distributed in Australia. It also collects, analyses and reports data on vaccine side effects once a vaccine is in use.

• #38 Flu (influenza) vaccine

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Influenza_(flu)_vaccine/

  If your child is allergic or anaphylactic to eggs, they can still safely get the flu vaccine. […] Your child can get the flu vaccine at the same time as other vaccines on the National Immunisation Program. […] This fact sheet provides practical advice about this vaccine in children and young people.

• #39 Flu (influenza) vaccine

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Influenza_(flu)_vaccine/

  In Australia, the flu vaccine is free for children aged six months to five years and those at higher risk of getting sick with the flu. […] Children with chronic medical conditions are at risk of more serious illness from the flu. […] The flu vaccine is an injection that goes into a muscle usually in the upper arm for children or the thigh for babies. […] Flu viruses change yearly, so companies must make new vaccines to protect against the most common strains. […] It is best to get your child vaccinated before the start of winter usually April or May to ensure the best protection during the peak flu season. […] Two common side effects of the flu vaccine are pain and redness at the injection site. […] The flu vaccine is safe and effective for children and adults. […] The flu vaccine is free for children aged six months to five years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, pregnant women and people with medical conditions (such as chronic heart or lung disease, low immunity or diabetes).

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