Szczepionka przeciw grypie dla dzieci
Etiologia i przyczyny

Szczepionka przeciw grypie dla dzieci jest kluczowym narzędziem profilaktycznym, mającym na celu ochronę przed wirusami grypy typu A i B, które odpowiadają za coroczne epidemie sezonowe. Szczepionka stymuluje układ odpornościowy do produkcji przeciwciał, zapewniając ochronę po około 14 dniach od podania. Dostępne formy to szczepionka inaktywowana (zastrzyk) oraz żywa atenuowana (spray donosowy). Szczepienia są szczególnie zalecane u dzieci poniżej 5 roku życia, zwłaszcza poniżej 2 lat, oraz u dzieci z przewlekłymi schorzeniami (np. astma, cukrzyca, choroby serca), które są narażone na poważne powikłania, takie jak zapalenie płuc, encefalopatia czy hospitalizacje. Według CDC, corocznie około 20 000 dzieci poniżej 5 lat jest hospitalizowanych z powodu powikłań grypy, a szczepionka zmniejsza ryzyko śmierci o 65% u zdrowych dzieci i o połowę u dzieci z chorobami współistniejącymi. Szczepienie dzieci ma również istotne znaczenie epidemiologiczne, ograniczając transmisję wirusa w społecznościach, co chroni niemowlęta poniżej 6 miesiąca życia oraz osoby starsze.

Etiologia szczepionki przeciw grypie dla dzieci

Szczepionka przeciw grypie dla dzieci jest opracowana w celu zapewnienia ochrony przed wirusem grypy, chorobą zakaźną układu oddechowego, która może powodować poważne komplikacje zdrowotne, szczególnie u osób z grup wysokiego ryzyka. Grypa jest wywoływana przez wirusy grypy, które dzielą się na trzy główne typy: A, B i C, przy czym typy A i B są odpowiedzialne za coroczne epidemie sezonowe, powodując znacznie większą liczbę hospitalizacji i zgonów niż typ C12.

Charakterystyka wirusa grypy

Wirus grypy zakaża górne drogi oddechowe i płuca, powodując objawy takie jak gorączka, bóle mięśni, kaszel i inne dolegliwości. W przeciwieństwie do przeziębienia, grypa może prowadzić do poważniejszych powikłań, szczególnie u dzieci12. Wirus grypy stale się zmienia (mutuje), co oznacza, że co roku ludzie są narażeni na nowe szczepy wirusa. Ta zmienność genetyczna sprawia, że układ odpornościowy nie jest w stanie rozpoznać wirusa z roku na rok, co czyni coroczne szczepienia koniecznością12.

Odkrycie wirusa grypy nastąpiło w 1933 roku, kiedy to brytyjscy naukowcy Smith, Andrewes i Laidlaw zidentyfikowali wirusa grypy jako przyczynę choroby, obalając wcześniejsze przekonanie, że grypa jest wywoływana przez infekcję bakteryjną1.

Mechanizm działania szczepionki

Szczepionka przeciw grypie dla dzieci działa poprzez stymulowanie układu odpornościowego do wytworzenia przeciwciał przeciwko wirusom grypy. Przeciwciała te rozwijają się w ciągu około dwóch tygodni po szczepieniu i zapewniają ochronę przed zakażeniem szczepami wirusa zawartymi w szczepionce12. Szczepionka przeciw grypie jest dostępna w dwóch głównych formach:

  • Szczepionka inaktywowana (zabita) – podawana jako zastrzyk, zawierająca zabite wirusy grypy, które nie mogą wywołać choroby12
  • Szczepionka żywa atenuowana (osłabiona) – podawana donosowo (spray do nosa), zawierająca osłabione wirusy grypy, które są dostosowane do niższych temperatur i mogą wywołać łagodne objawy grypopodobne, ale nie mogą wywołać pełnoobjawowej grypy12

Przyczyny konieczności stosowania szczepień przeciw grypie u dzieci

Szczepienia przeciw grypie u dzieci są zalecane z wielu ważnych powodów medycznych, związanych zarówno z ochroną indywidualną, jak i ze zdrowiem publicznym.

Zwiększone ryzyko powikłań u dzieci

Dzieci, zwłaszcza te poniżej 5 roku życia, a szczególnie poniżej 2 lat, są w grupie wysokiego ryzyka wystąpienia poważnych powikłań pogrypowych12. Młodsze dzieci mają mniej dojrzały układ odpornościowy, co zwiększa ryzyko zakażenia wirusem grypy i wystąpienia ciężkich powikłań1. Według Centrów Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom (CDC), co roku około 20 000 dzieci poniżej 5 roku życia jest hospitalizowanych z powodu powikłań grypowych12.

Powikłania grypy u dzieci mogą obejmować:

Śmiertelność związana z grypą u dzieci

Chociaż stosunkowo rzadko, niektóre dzieci umierają z powodu grypy każdego roku1. W okresie 2009-2019 prawie 5000 dzieci zostało przyjętych do szpitali z powodu powikłań grypy, prawie 200 dzieci było leczonych na oddziałach intensywnej terapii, a 40 dzieci zmarło1. W sezonie 2018-2019 odnotowano łącznie 111 zgonów dzieci związanych z grypą1. Co istotne, wśród zgłoszonych zgonów dzieci związanych z grypą, około 80% dotyczyło dzieci, które nie były w pełni zaszczepione12.

Badania wykazały, że szczepionka przeciw grypie zmniejszyła ryzyko śmierci z powodu grypy o prawie dwie trzecie u zdrowych dzieci i o połowę u dzieci z podstawowymi schorzeniami wysokiego ryzyka1. Warto podkreślić, że około 45% dzieci hospitalizowanych i 49% dzieci, które zmarły z powodu grypy w sezonie 2018-2019, nie miało żadnych podstawowych schorzeń medycznych1.

Rola dzieci w rozprzestrzenianiu wirusa grypy

Dzieci odgrywają główną rolę w rozprzestrzenianiu się grypy w społecznościach, ponieważ duża liczba jest narażona na wirusy grypy w szkołach i przedszkolach1. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, nawet 30% dzieci może zostać zakażonych podczas regularnego sezonu grypowego, a w niektórych przedszkolach nawet 50% dzieci może zachorować na grypę1.

Wirusy grypy rozprzestrzeniają się głównie przez kropelki wytwarzane, gdy osoby zakażone grypą kaszlą, kichają lub mówią. Kropelki te mogą wylądować w ustach lub nosie osób znajdujących się w pobliżu1. Dzieci zarażone grypą mogą zarażać innych już jeden dzień przed wystąpieniem objawów i mogą pozostać zaraźliwe przez nawet siedem lub więcej dni1.

Szczepienie dzieci przeciwko grypie nie tylko chroni je przed chorobą, ale także zmniejsza prawdopodobieństwo rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa na inne osoby, w tym na niemowlęta poniżej 6 miesiąca życia, które są zbyt małe, aby otrzymać szczepionkę, oraz na osoby starsze, które są bardziej narażone na poważne powikłania12.

Czynniki uzasadniające potrzebę szczepień przeciw grypie u dzieci

Dzieci z grup podwyższonego ryzyka

Szczepienia przeciw grypie są szczególnie ważne dla dzieci z określonymi schorzeniami przewlekłymi, które zwiększają ryzyko wystąpienia poważnych powikłań po zachorowaniu na grypę12. Do tych stanów należą:

  • Astma i inne przewlekłe choroby płuc12
  • Choroby serca12
  • Cukrzyca12
  • Padaczka1
  • Niedokrwistość sierpowatokrwinkowa1
  • Przewlekłe choroby nerek, wątroby i układu nerwowego1
  • Zaburzenia krwi1
  • Osłabiony układ odpornościowy1

Dzieci z tymi schorzeniami są narażone na większe ryzyko rozwoju ciężkiej, zagrażającej życiu grypy lub powikłań1. Szczepionka przeciw grypie znacznie zmniejsza ryzyko hospitalizacji z powodu grypy u osób z cukrzycą (o 79%) i u osób z przewlekłą chorobą płuc1.

Korzyści ze szczepienia dzieci przeciw grypie

Coroczne szczepienie przeciw grypie oferuje najlepszą ochronę przed grypą i jej potencjalnie poważnymi powikłaniami u dzieci1. Udowodniono, że u dzieci coroczne szczepienie przeciw grypie zmniejsza zachorowania na grypę, wizyty u lekarza z powodu grypy i nieobecności w szkole1. Badania wykazały, że szczepionka przeciw grypie:

  • Zmniejsza ryzyko hospitalizacji związanej z grypą i śmierci1
  • Zmniejsza ryzyko śmierci dziecka z powodu grypy o 65% u zdrowych dzieci1
  • Zmniejsza ryzyko zagrażającej życiu grypy u dzieci o 75%1
  • Zmniejsza szansę dziecka na potrzebę opieki szpitalnej z powodu grypy o około dwie trzecie1

Nawet jeśli dziecko zachoruje na grypę po szczepieniu, objawy będą prawdopodobnie łagodniejsze niż gdyby nie otrzymało szczepionki1. Oznacza to mniej powikłań, hospitalizacji i zgonów z powodu grypy1.

Ochrona niemowląt i kobiet w ciąży

Niemowlęta poniżej 6 miesiąca życia nie mogą otrzymać szczepionki przeciw grypie1. Jednakże, gdy ich rodzice, inni opiekunowie i starsze dzieci w gospodarstwie domowym otrzymają szczepionkę, pomoże to chronić niemowlę1. Dlatego szczepienie przeciw grypie jest szczególnie ważne dla opiekunów dzieci poniżej 5 roku życia1.

Szczepienie kobiet w ciąży przeciwko grypie chroni zarówno matkę, jak i noworodka. Kobiety w ciąży zakażone wirusem grypy są bardziej narażone na ciężki przebieg choroby i powikłania wymagające hospitalizacji niż kobiety w tym samym wieku, które nie są w ciąży1. Otrzymanie szczepionki przeciw grypie podczas ciąży zapewnia również noworodkowi ochronę przez okres do sześciu miesięcy po urodzeniu, gdy jest on zbyt mały, aby otrzymać szczepionkę przeciw grypie12.

Zalecenia dotyczące szczepień przeciw grypie u dzieci

Wiek i dawkowanie

Centra Kontroli i Zapobiegania Chorobom (CDC) zalecają coroczne szczepienie przeciw grypie dla wszystkich osób w wieku od 6 miesięcy wzwyż12. Szczepionki przeciw grypie mogą być podawane dzieciom w wieku od 6 miesięcy wzwyż1.

W przypadku dzieci w wieku od 6 miesięcy do 8 lat, które otrzymują szczepionkę przeciw grypie po raz pierwszy lub które wcześniej otrzymały tylko jedną dawkę szczepionki, zaleca się podanie dwóch dawek szczepionki przeciw grypie w odstępie co najmniej czterech tygodni12. Po tym jak dziecko otrzyma dwie dawki, w kolejnych latach może otrzymywać pojedyncze dawki szczepionki1.

Dostępne są dwa główne rodzaje szczepionek przeciw grypie dla dzieci:

  • Zastrzyk przeciw grypie – może być podawany dzieciom w wieku 6 miesięcy i starszym1
  • Donosowa szczepionka przeciw grypie – może być podawana większości zdrowych dzieci w wieku 2 lat i starszych12

Najlepszy czas na szczepienie

Większość osób powinna otrzymać szczepionkę przeciw grypie jesienią, najlepiej we wrześniu lub październiku, przed rozpoczęciem sezonu grypowego12. Jest to szczególnie ważne w przypadku dzieci z chorobami przewlekłymi, które powinny otrzymać szczepionkę przeciw grypie wczesną jesienią, zanim przypadki grypy zaczną się nasilać1.

Szczepionka przeciw grypie zaczyna działać po około dwóch tygodniach od jej podania1. Dzieci, które potrzebują dwóch dawek szczepionki przeciw grypie, powinny otrzymać pierwszą dawkę jak najszybciej po tym, jak szczepionka stanie się dostępna1.

Badanie z 2023 roku wykazało, że dzieci szczepione w listopadzie i grudniu były najmniej narażone na diagnozę grypy, co potwierdza zalecenia promujące szczepienia w październiku1.

Przeciwwskazania do szczepień

Szczepionka przeciw grypie nie jest zalecana dla każdego. Przeciwwskazania obejmują:

  • Dzieci poniżej 6 miesiąca życia12
  • Osoby, które miały ciężką reakcję alergiczną znaną jako spowodowaną przez poprzednią szczepionkę przeciw grypie1

W przeszłości osoby z alergią na jaja musiały sprawdzić u swojego lekarza, czy szczepionka przeciw grypie jest dla nich odpowiednia, ponieważ jest hodowana wewnątrz jaj. Jednakże eksperci zdrowotni twierdzą obecnie, że ilość białka jaja w szczepionce jest tak mała, że jest bezpieczna nawet dla dzieci z ciężką alergią na jaja12.

Dzieci z zespołem Guillaina-Barrégo (GBS) w wywiadzie powinny skonsultować się z lekarzem przed otrzymaniem szczepionki przeciw grypie. Większość osób z historią GBS może być chroniona przed grypą poprzez szczepienie1. Dane dotyczące związku między szczepionką przeciw grypie a GBS są mieszane, jednak obecnie ogólnie uważa się, że bardzo rzadko ludzie mogą zachorować na GBS po otrzymaniu szczepionki przeciw grypie12.

Skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo szczepionki przeciw grypie dla dzieci

Skuteczność szczepionki

Skuteczność szczepionki przeciw grypie zmienia się z roku na rok1. Zależy to od kilku czynników, w tym od tego, które wirusy grypy się rozprzestrzeniają, wieku dziecka oraz czy dziecko ma określone schorzenia lub przyjmuje określone leki, które osłabiają układ odpornościowy1. Zwykle szczepienie przeciw grypie pomaga zapobiec chorobie w 40-60% przypadków, jeśli szczepionki są dobrze dopasowane do krążących wirusów1.

Badania wykazały, że szczepionka przeciw grypie zmniejszyła ryzyko przyjęcia na oddział intensywnej terapii z powodu grypy o 74% u dzieci1. Nawet w sezonach, gdy szczepionki przeciw grypie nie są idealnie dopasowane do krążących szczepów grypy, szczepionki nadal pomagają zapobiegać poważnym powikłaniom związanym z grypą, takim jak hospitalizacja i śmierć1.

Warto zauważyć, że nawet jeśli dziecko zachoruje na grypę po szczepieniu, objawy będą prawdopodobnie łagodniejsze niż gdyby nie otrzymało szczepionki1. Szczepionka przeciw grypie została opracowana, aby chronić przed najczęstszymi typami wirusów grypy, ale nadal istnieje możliwość zachorowania na grypę, jeśli dziecko zetknie się z typem grypy, który nie jest zawarty w szczepionce1.

Odczyny poszczepienne

Szczepionka przeciw grypie może powodować łagodne skutki uboczne1. Możliwe skutki uboczne szczepionki przeciw grypie obejmują:

  • Ból w miejscu wstrzyknięcia1
  • Gorączkę1
  • Łagodne objawy grypopodobne, takie jak katar, ból gardła lub zmęczenie (w przypadku donosowej szczepionki przeciw grypie)1

Te objawy są oznaką, że układ odpornościowy reaguje i organizm przetwarza materiał zawarty w szczepionce1. Nie oznaczają one, że szczepionka wywołała grypę1.

Bardzo rzadko szczepionka przeciw grypie może powodować poważną reakcję alergiczną1. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, ryzyko, że szczepionka przeciw grypie wywoła poważną szkodę lub śmierć, jest niezwykle małe1.

Mity i fakty dotyczące szczepionki przeciw grypie

Istnieje wiele mitów dotyczących szczepionki przeciw grypie, które mogą powodować wahania rodziców. Najczęstszymi mitami są:

  • Mit: Szczepionka przeciw grypie może wywołać grypę.

    Fakt: Szczepionka przeciw grypie nie może wywołać grypy. Szczepionka inaktywowana zawiera zabite wirusy i nie może wywołać choroby12. Donosowa szczepionka przeciw grypie zawiera osłabione wirusy, które są dostosowane do chłodniejszych temperatur i nie mogą zakażać płuc lub innych obszarów, gdzie występują wyższe temperatury1.
  • Mit: Szczepionka przeciw grypie nie jest skuteczna.

    Fakt: Chociaż szczepionka przeciw grypie nie jest skuteczna w 100%, nadal znacznie zmniejsza ryzyko zachorowania na grypę i rozwoju powikłań12.
  • Mit: Zdrowe dzieci nie potrzebują szczepionki przeciw grypie.

    Fakt: Nawet zdrowe dzieci mogą zachorować na grypę i rozwinąć poważne powikłania. W sezonie 2018-2019 około 45% dzieci hospitalizowanych i 49% dzieci, które zmarły z powodu grypy, nie miało żadnych podstawowych schorzeń medycznych1.
  • Mit: Szczepionka przeciw grypie powoduje autyzm.

    Fakt: Nie ma dowodów naukowych, które łączyłyby szczepionkę przeciw grypie z autyzmem. Szczepionka przeciw grypie jest bezpieczna i skuteczna1.

Znaczenie corocznych szczepień przeciw grypie

Zmienność wirusa grypy

Szczepionka przeciw grypie jest potrzebna co roku z dwóch powodów. Po pierwsze, ochrona immunologiczna osoby po szczepieniu zmniejsza się z czasem, więc coroczne szczepienie przeciw grypie jest potrzebne dla optymalnej ochrony12. Po drugie, ponieważ wirusy grypy stale się zmieniają, skład szczepionek przeciw grypie jest corocznie weryfikowany, a szczepionki są aktualizowane, aby chronić przed wirusami, które według badań będą najczęściej występować w nadchodzącym sezonie grypowym1.

Wirus grypy stale zmienia się (mutuje), co oznacza, że co roku ludzie są narażeni na nowe szczepy wirusa1. Ta zmienność genetyczna sprawia, że układ odpornościowy nie jest w stanie rozpoznać wirusa z roku na rok1.

Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) bada światowe trendy i zaleca szczepy, które mają być uwzględnione każdego roku w corocznej szczepionce przeciw grypie1. Na przykład, wszystkie szczepionki przeciw grypie w jednym sezonie mogą być wykonane, aby chronić przed wirusami podobnymi do szczepów A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2) i B/Brisbane/60/2008 (linia B/Victoria)1.

Ochrona populacyjna i zmniejszenie rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa

Szczepienie dzieci przeciwko grypie nie tylko chroni je przed chorobą, ale także zmniejsza prawdopodobieństwo rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa na inne osoby, w tym na niemowlęta poniżej 6 miesiąca życia, które są zbyt małe, aby otrzymać szczepionkę, oraz na osoby starsze, które są bardziej narażone na poważne powikłania12.

Uważa się, że dzieci w wieku szkolnym są największymi roznosicielami wirusa grypy, więc szczepione dzieci chronią również innych w gospodarstwie domowym1. Szczepienie siebie i swoich dzieci zapewnia pewną odporność zbiorową, aby chronić osoby z grupy wysokiego ryzyka, które nie mogą otrzymać szczepionki (np. noworodki i niemowlęta poniżej 6 miesiąca życia)1.

Badania wstępne opublikowane przez UKHSA w grudniu wykazały zmniejszenie zakażeń paciorkowcem grupy A na obszarach, gdzie więcej dzieci otrzymało donosową szczepionkę przeciw grypie. Szczepionka przeciw grypie zmniejsza ryzyko jednoczesnego zachorowania na grypę i zakażenie paciorkowcem grupy A, a zatem zmniejsza szansę na rozwój inwazyjnego paciorkowca grupy A1.

Korzyści długookresowe i krótkoterminowe ryzyka

Korzyści ze szczepionki przeciw grypie wyraźnie przewyższają ryzyko1. Chociaż szczepionka przeciw grypie może powodować łagodne skutki uboczne, grypa zwykle hospitalizuje i zabija więcej osób w krajach wysoko rozwiniętych niż jakakolwiek inna choroba, której można zapobiec szczepieniem – około 200 000 hospitalizacji i tysiące zgonów występuje każdego roku1.

Niektóre badania sugerują, że powtarzane szczepienia w młodym wieku mogą zwiększać ryzyko zachorowania na grypę w starszym wieku, w porównaniu z naturalnym zakażeniem1. Jednakże, te teoretyczne długoterminowe ryzyka muszą być zrównoważone z dobrze udokumentowanymi korzyściami corocznych szczepień przeciw grypie, w tym zmniejszonym ryzykiem zachorowania na grypę, hospitalizacji i śmierci1.

Badacze badają sposoby stworzenia szczepionki przeciw grypie, która chroniłaby przed wieloma różnymi odmianami grypy1. Jeśli to się powiedzie, może to oznaczać, że nasze dni potrzeby otrzymywania szczepionki przeciw grypie co roku mogą ostatecznie minąć1.

Współczesne badania i przyszłość szczepień przeciw grypie

Nowe technologie i innowacje w szczepionkach

Trwają badania nad ulepszeniem szczepionek przeciw grypie, aby zapewnić szerszą i dłuższą ochronę przed różnymi szczepami wirusa grypy1. Naukowcy badają sposoby stworzenia szczepionki przeciw grypie, która chroniłaby przed wieloma różnymi odmianami grypy1.

Jednym z celów badawczych jest opracowanie uniwersalnej szczepionki przeciw grypie, która zapewniałaby ochronę przed wieloma szczepami grypy i nie wymagałaby corocznych aktualizacji1. Jeśli to się powiedzie, może to wyeliminować potrzebę corocznego szczepienia przeciw grypie1.

Wyzwania w zwiększaniu wskaźnika zaszczepienia

Mimo korzyści płynących ze szczepionki przeciw grypie, wskaźniki szczepień wśród dzieci pozostają niższe niż w przypadku innych szczepionek dziecięcych1. Jednym z powodów są trudności logistyczne, ale nakładają się na to błędne wyobrażenia o grypie i szczepionce, które przyczyniają się do niższych wskaźników szczepień1.

Badanie wykazało, że 14% rodziców odmówiło szczepienia zalecanego przez lekarza ich dzieci, a szczepionka przeciw grypie była najczęściej odrzucaną szczepionką (83% rodziców, którzy odmówili jednej lub więcej szczepionek dla swoich dzieci)1. Najczęstszymi powodami odmowy były obawy o skutki uboczne (67%), obawy o długoterminowe skutki zdrowotne (36%) i przekonanie, że szczepionka nie wydawała się konieczna (32%)1.

Interesujące badanie wykazało, że oferowanie korygujących informacji, takich jak fakt, że ludzie nie mogą zachorować na grypę od szczepionki przeciw grypie, rodzinom, które już wahały się co do szczepień, sprawiało, że były one jeszcze mniej skłonne do planowania otrzymania szczepionki przeciw grypie1. Sugeruje to, że potrzebne są różne podejścia komunikacyjne w zależności od obaw rodziców.

Szacunki sugerują, że nawet 2 na 3 dzieci boi się igieł, co może być dodatkową barierą dla szczepień przeciw grypie1. Przemyślenie, w jaki sposób różne aspekty szczepień przeciw grypie mogą wpływać na dzieci z lękami, może zająć trochę czasu, ale może mieć ważny wpływ na to, jak dzieci postrzegają szczepionki przeciw grypie i przyszłe szczepienia w ogóle1.

Potrzeba edukacji i świadomości

Istnieje powszechne nieporozumienie, że grypa jest tylko ciężkim przeziębieniem1. Jednakże, grypa może być bardzo poważną chorobą, prowadzącą do hospitalizacji i śmierci, nawet u zdrowych dzieci1.

Kampanie edukacyjne dotyczące zdrowia są potrzebne, aby zwiększyć świadomość i usunąć błędne przekonania dotyczące grypy i roli, korzyści i dostępności jej szczepionki1. Edukacja jest konieczna, aby rozwiać obawy opiekunów dotyczące bezpieczeństwa szczepionek1.

Ważne jest, aby rodzice zrozumieli, że szczepionka przeciw grypie nie tylko chroni przed grypą, ale także przed poważnym zachorowaniem na grypę1. Ten fakt często umyka i ludzie muszą go zrozumieć1.

Najlepszym sposobem na ochronę dziecka przed grypą jest coroczne szczepienie przeciw grypie1. Nie jest nigdy za wcześnie na szczepienie, a populacje wrażliwe (małe dzieci, kobiety w ciąży, osoby powyżej 65 roku życia) powinny to zrobić jak najszybciej1.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Flu in Children Symptoms, Medicine, Flu Shot Side Effects, Treatment Options, COVID-19
    https://www.emedicinehealth.com/flu_in_children_health/article_em.htm
    Influenza is an acute viral infection caused by any of three types of influenza viruses (A, B, or C). Type A strains are associated with the most severe disease. Type C is associated with very mild symptoms and is not included in flu vaccines. […] The flu is caused by one of three types of influenza viruses. Types A and B are responsible for the yearly flu epidemics, and type C causes a milder, sporadic illness. Type A is further divided into different subtypes based on the chemical structure of the virus. […] Children play a major role in the spread of influenza in their communities because high numbers are exposed to the influenza viruses at schools and day care centers. Overall, as many as 30% of children may become infected during a regular flu season, and in some day care settings, as many as 50% of children can get the flu.
  • #1 Influenza (Flu) in Children
    https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/influenza-flu-in-children
    Influenza (flu) is caused by flu viruses. Flu viruses are divided into 3 types: […] Influenza types A and B. These 2 types of viruses cause widespread illness (epidemics) almost every winter. They often lead to more people needing to go to the hospital, and more people dying from the flu. […] The flu may also lead to lung infection (pneumonia) or death. […] The flu vaccine is advised for all children 6 months and older. But for some children, its more critical for them to get a flu shot because they are more likely to have complications from the flu. […] The best way to prevent the flu is to have the yearly flu vaccine. Getting a flu vaccine is important to protect yourself and the people around you from the flu.
  • #1 Influenza (Flu) in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare
    https://www.valleychildrens.org/conditions/influenza-flu-in-children
    The flu is caused by flu viruses. Flu viruses are divided into 3 types: […] Influenza types A and B. These 2 types of viruses cause widespread illness (epidemics) almost every winter. […] One of the reasons the flu remains a problem is because the viruses change (mutate) often. This means that people are exposed to new types of the viruses each year. […] The best way to prevent the flu is to have the yearly flu vaccine. The vaccine is advised for all children 6 months and older. […] Getting a flu vaccine is important to protect yourself and the people around you from the flu.
  • #1
    https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-influenza-vaccination
    We know now that influenza, or flu, is caused by a virus but for many years it was thought to be caused by a bacterial infection. […] In 1933, British researchers Wilson Smith, C.H. Andrewes and P.P. Laidlaw at Londons National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) made a breakthrough when they isolated and identified the influenza virus. They found no bacteria in throat washings from patients with influenza and discovered that the disease was caused by a virus. […] Influenza viruses with pandemic potential regularly emerge, but not all go on to cause a pandemic. WHO works to monitor influenza viruses with pandemic potential and to prepare for future influenza pandemics. […] Despite these efforts, seasonal influenza still kills up to 650 000 people a year globally. Influenza is a constantly evolving virus, and immunity to a single strain through infection or vaccination does not necessarily protect against new strains that develop.
  • #1 Flu Shots | Johnson County Kansas
    https://www.jocogov.org/department/health/respiratory-illness-guidance/flu-shots
    The best way to protect yourself from getting the flu is to receive a flu shot. The vaccine is safe and effective. The Johnson County Department of Health and Environment encourages everyone over the age of six months to get the flu shot. […] The flu shot is an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. Flu vaccine causes antibodies to develop in the body about two weeks after vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against infection from the viruses that are in the vaccine. […] Vaccination to prevent influenza is particularly important for people who are at high risk of serious complications from influenza infection. […] The viruses in the flu shot are killed (inactivated), so you cannot get the flu from a flu shot. The risk of a flu shot causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small. However, a vaccine, like any medicine, may rarely cause serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. Almost all people who get the influenza vaccine have no serious problems from it.
  • #1 Frequently Asked Questions about Flu Vaccines | Baltimore City Health Department
    https://health.baltimorecity.gov/flu/frequently-asked-questions-about-flu-vaccines
    No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. Flu vaccines that are administered with a needle (flu shots) are currently made in two ways: the vaccine is made either with a) flu vaccine viruses that have been killed (inactivated) and are therefore not infectious, or b) with proteins from a flu vaccine virus instead of flu vaccine viruses (which is the case for recombinant influenza vaccine). […] The nasal spray vaccine is made with attenuated (weakened) live flu viruses, and also cannot cause flu illness. The weakened viruses are cold-adapted, which means they are designed to only cause infection at the cooler temperatures found within the nose. The viruses cannot infect the lungs or other areas where warmer temperatures exist. […] A flu vaccine is needed every season for two reasons. First, a persons immune protection from vaccination declines over time, so an annual vaccine is needed for optimal protection. Second, because flu viruses are constantly changing, flu vaccines may be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be most common during the upcoming flu season. […] Flu vaccination is not a perfect tool, but it is the best way to protect against flu infection.
  • #1 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vaccine.html
    Even then, it’s still important to get the yearly flu vaccine because the body’s immunity against the influenza virus declines over time. […] The flu vaccine makes someone less likely to get the flu, and therefore less likely to spread the flu. […] The flu shot usually is given as an injection in the upper arm or thigh (depending on a person’s age). It contains killed flu virus and can’t cause someone to get the flu. […] The nasal spray flu vaccine contains weakened live flu viruses. So it may cause mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, or tiredness. […] Very rarely, the flu vaccine can cause a serious allergic reaction. […] In the past, people with an egg allergy had to check with their doctor about whether the flu vaccine was OK for them because it’s grown inside eggs. But health experts now say that the amount of egg protein in the vaccine is so tiny that it’s safe even for kids with a severe egg allergy.
  • #1 Flu and Children | Influenza (Flu) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children.html
    Flu can be more dangerous than the common cold for children. […] Annual flu vaccination offers the best protection against flu and its potentially serious complications in children. […] Because these groups of children are at higher risk, it is especially important that they get a seasonal flu vaccine to help prevent flu, and to reduce their risk of being hospitalized or dying from flu if they do get sick. […] Flu illness is more dangerous than the common cold for children. […] Complications from flu among children in this age group can include: pneumonia, dehydration, worsening of long-term medical problems like heart disease or asthma, brain dysfunction such as encephalopathy, sinus problems and ear infections. […] While relatively rare, some children die from flu each year. […] Importantly, among reported flu-related deaths in children, about 80% occurred in children who were not fully vaccinated. […] In children, annual flu vaccination has been shown to reduce flu illnesses, doctor’s visits for flu, and missed school days. […] Reduce the risk of flu-related hospitalization and death.
  • #1 Four reasons your child may be more at risk for flu and serious flu-related complications | News
    https://news.llu.edu/health-wellness/four-reasons-your-child-may-be-more-risk-for-flu-and-serious-flu-related-complications
    Flu season is nearly upon us doctors typically start seeing flu cases in this region in October. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that a total of 111 influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurred during the 2018-2019 flu season. […] Alexandra Clark, division chief of general pediatrics at Loma Linda University Childrens Health, says flu-associated deaths of children can be prevented this season by people getting the flu vaccine. […] While most people are at some risk of the flu, Clark elaborates on reasons why children may be more at risk of contracting the flu and having that flu lead to severe complications. […] According to Clark, the younger a child is, the less mature their immune systems are, and therefore, they have a higher risk of contracting the flu virus and having severe complications from contracting the flu.
  • #1 Flu and Children – NFID
    https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/flu-and-children/
    Influenza (flu) is a serious illness that leads to thousands of hospitalizations, most in children younger than 5 years of age. On average, an estimated 20,000 children under the age of 5 are hospitalized due to flu complications each year. […] Most of the deaths are in children who have not been vaccinated, and many of the deaths are in healthy children who have no underlying illnesses. […] Children age 8 years and younger who have not previously been vaccinated may require 2 doses of flu vaccine to be fully protected. […] Annual vaccination is the best way to prevent the flu. The vaccine is safe and effective, and is given to tens of millions of individuals each year. […] Everyone age 6 months or older should get a flu vaccine every year.
  • #1 Children’s flu vaccine
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/flu/childrens-flu-vaccine/
    The flu vaccine helps to protect children against flu. […] Most children who get the flu have mild symptoms. But children and young people with long-term health conditions are at risk of serious complications from flu. […] In some children, flu can lead to problems such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). […] Almost 5,000 children were admitted to hospital with complications of flu between 2009 and 2019. Almost 200 children had treatment in intensive care and 40 children died. […] Generally, flu vaccines reduce the risk of infection by 40% to 60%. […] The flu vaccine protects your child from the most common types of flu. Your child may still get the flu if they come in contact with a type of flu not in the vaccine.
  • #1 6 Things You Need to Know about Kids and the Flu Shot | Columbia University Irving Medical Center
    https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/6-things-you-need-know-about-kids-and-flu-shot
    The flu shot is different from other types of vaccines, because the protection only lasts for a year. […] A lot of people have the misperception that the flu shot causes the flu. […] But although some symptoms of cold and flu may overlap, a cold is not the flu. […] We know that the flu shot may not work as well as other childhood vaccines, but it still offers an important level of protection. […] One study, published in 2017, showed that flu vaccination decreased the risk of dying from the flu by almost two-thirds in healthy children and by half for children with underlying high-risk medical conditions. […] There was a really interesting study that found that offering corrective information, like the fact that people cannot get the flu from flu vaccine, to families that were already vaccine-hesitant made them even less likely to intend to get a flu shot. […] If its effective, it could mean that our days of needing a flu shot every year may eventually be behind us.
  • #1 Flu Vaccine Myths – Pediatric Associates of Richmond
    https://parpeds.com/library/flu-vaccine-myths/
    However, for the 2018-19 flu season approximately 45% of children hospitalized, and 49% of children who died due to influenza had no underlying medical conditions. […] Vaccinating yourselves and your children provides some herd immunity to protect high-risk individuals who cant get the vaccine (e.g. newborns and infants 6 months). […] It also decreases spread of the flu, which lowers the likelihood of both healthy high-risk individuals getting sick.
  • #1 Influenza (the flu) | Texas Children’s
    https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/influenza-flu
    Influenza – also commonly called “the flu” – is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, but is more dangerous for children than the common cold. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), every year about 20,000 children under the age of 5 years are hospitalized because of influenza complications. It can also be fatal: during the 2013-2014 flu season, 107 flu-related pediatric deaths were reported in the United States. […] To protect them from the flu, all children 6 months of age and older should get the flu vaccine every year. Parents, family members and caregivers also should get vaccinated every year. […] Flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu infection cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouth or nose of people who are nearby. Less often, a child might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching her own mouth, eyes or her nose.
  • #1 Flu in Children Symptoms, Medicine, Flu Shot Side Effects, Treatment Options, COVID-19
    https://www.emedicinehealth.com/flu_in_children_health/article_em.htm
    Influenza is highly contagious. The virus is spread when someone either inhales infected droplets in the air (coughed up or sneezed by an infected person) or when someone comes in direct contact with an infected person’s secretions (for example, kissing, sharing of handkerchiefs and other items, and through use of objects such as spoons and forks) and then inadvertently touches their nose or mouth, thus transferring the virus particles. […] Children with influenza may be able to infect others beginning one day before they develop any symptoms and may remain contagious for up to seven more days or sometimes even longer. […] The incubation period for flu in children is usually two to four days from exposure until symptoms begin. […] Most children with the flu will have relatively mild illness and do not need antiviral medications. However, for those with more severe illness or who have other chronic illnesses and children less than 2 years of age are at greater risk of developing complications, antiviral medicines may help.
  • #1 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/flu-vaccine.html
    The flu vaccine protects against influenza (what most of us call „the flu”), a contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs that can make a person feel very sick. […] The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older. It does not cause the flu and it helps keep kids and parents from getting sick. […] Babies younger than 6 months can’t get the vaccine. But if their parents, other caregivers, and older kids in the household get it, that will help protect the baby. […] Every year thousands of people die from influenza, and getting the flu vaccine is one way to help prevent that. […] While the flu vaccine isn’t 100% effective, it still greatly lowers a person’s chances of catching the flu, which can be very serious. […] If you got the flu vaccine last year, it can’t provide enough protection this year, because flu viruses change.
  • #1 Four reasons your child may be more at risk for flu and serious flu-related complications | News
    https://news.llu.edu/health-wellness/four-reasons-your-child-may-be-more-risk-for-flu-and-serious-flu-related-complications
    Clark explains that if children with certain underlying, chronic medical conditions contract the flu, they are at greater risk of developing severe, life-threatening influenza or complications. […] Children younger than 5 years of age especially those younger than 2 are at a high risk of serious flu-related complications, Clark says. […] She says its important to know that children under the age of 6 months are at the highest risk of serious flu complications because their immune systems are fragile and they are too young to receive the flu vaccine.
  • #1 Flu resources
    https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/flu-resources
    The flu (influenza) is a very contagious virus. It causes high fever, body aches, cough and other symptoms. Most children who get the flu can recover at home. However, some children, especially those with underlying medical conditions, can get very sick from the flu, develop complications and need to be hospitalized. […] Getting vaccinated is especially important to protect children with chronic health conditions who are at higher risk for serious flu complications. […] The flu shot is recommended for every person 6 months of age and older. Getting vaccinated is especially important if someone in your home is at high risk for serious flu complications. This includes children under the age of 5, adults over age 65, and children with chronic health conditions, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, epilepsy, heart conditions and sickle cell disease.
  • #1 Does Your Child Need The Influenza Vaccine?
    https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/influenza_vaccine_for_your_child
    One such infection is influenza, which has caused epidemics and pandemics well before the world experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The Spanish flu pandemic in 1918 caused nearly 50 million deaths worldwide. […] Healthy young children less than 5 years old are at higher risk for more severe complications and hospitalisation if they are infected with influenza. The rate of hospitalisation from influenza for healthy young children is comparable to those belonging to other high-risk groups such as children with underlying medical conditions or impaired immune systems. […] The high-risk groups of children who would benefit would be children with underlying conditions such as: chronic lung disorders (including asthma), heart conditions, chronic kidney, liver, and nervous system disorders, blood disorders; and children with impaired immune systems. […] Influenza vaccination has been proven effective in reducing the risk of influenza infection, and most importantly, hospitalisation due to moderate to severe influenza.
  • #1 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/vaccines-diseases/current-flu-season/
    Results in lower rates of cardiac events among people with heart disease […] Reduces the risk of flu-related hospitalizations in people with diabetes by 79% […] Reduces the risk of flu-related illness, hospitalization, and death in people with chronic lung disease. […] The effectiveness of the flu vaccines varies from year-to-year. It depends on several things including which flu viruses are spreading, your age, and if you have certain health conditions or take certain medications that weaken your immune system. Typically, flu vaccination helps prevent illness 40-60% of the time if flu vaccines are well-matched to the circulating viruses. Even during the seasons when the flu vaccines don’t perfectly match the circulating flu strains, the vaccines still help prevent serious flu-related complications like hospitalization and death. Most flu-related hospitalizations and deaths occur in children and adults who were not fully vaccinated.
  • #1 Tips for Speaking with Parents about Flu Vaccine – California Vaccines for Children (VFC)
    https://eziz.org/resources/flu-promo-materials/tips-for-speaking-with-parents-about-flu-vaccine/
    Flu vaccines are made with killed or weakened viruses that cannot give you the flu. […] Flu vaccine takes 2 weeks to work. Your child may have caught flu/a virus before developing immunity. […] Flu vaccines do not prevent 100% of all flu infections; however, if your child catches the flu, it will be much less severe. […] Without the flu vaccine, your child has zero added protection if he/she gets exposed. Its not worth the risk. Healthy children who were vaccinated lowered their chance of dying from flu by 65%. […] About half of the children who are hospitalized or die from the flu each year are healthy before catching the flu. […] Flu can spread easily at school, while playing with friends, or being out in the community. […] Flu viruses are not the same as a cold. When a person catches the flu, they often have a fever and body aches; most also have to miss days of work or school. When complications set in, flu can be life-threatening.
  • #1 Why Your Child Need a Flu Vaccine | American Lung Association
    https://www.lung.org/blog/flu-vaccine-faqs-children
    Each year, millions of children get sick with the flu and thousands are hospitalized because of severe complications caused by the flu. […] Among flu-related pediatric deaths, around 80% were in children not fully vaccinated against flu. […] It is projected that we will have one of the worst flu seasons in the last 3 years. […] The single most effective thing you can do for your child to help them avoid the flu is to have them vaccinated every year. […] A 2022 study showed the flu shot reduced children’s risk of life-threatening influenza by 75%. […] Influenza viruses are constantly changing, so flu vaccines may be updated every year to match the most common Influenza A and Influenza B strains. […] A yearly flu shot is needed for the best available protection.
  • #1 Children – Flu: vaccine, causes, treatment, and more – Newham Council
    https://www.newham.gov.uk/health-adult-social-care/flu-vaccine-causes-treatment/3
    In Newham last year, less than 36.3% of children aged 2 and 3 years old had their free flu vaccine. Without vaccination children are more likely to catch the flu and spread it to others who are at higher risk like babies and the elderly, even if they dont have symptoms. The child flu vaccine also reduces your childs chance of needing hospital care for flu by around two-thirds. […] It is vitally important that parents of young children get them vaccinated for flu. It can be a very unpleasant illness for children and it can also lead to serious problems. […] Children spread it easily and vaccinating them also protects others who are vulnerable to flu. […] It is safe for your child(ren) to have the flu vaccine, even if they have previously had flu or COVID-19, or have other medical conditions.
  • #1 Flu Vaccine Myths – Pediatric Associates of Richmond
    https://parpeds.com/library/flu-vaccine-myths/
    However, their course of illness is generally more mild than it would have been had they not had the vaccine. […] This means fewer complications, hospitalizations, and deaths due to the flu. […] Getting the flu despite receiving the vaccine doesnt mean the vaccine doesnt work, it just means it doesnt work as well as wed like we can all agree on that. […] Most flu vaccines (including the one we offer to our patients) provide protection against 4 strains of influenza. […] Getting a flu vaccine the week after you recover would still help protect you against the 3 other strains for the rest of the flu season. […] The young (2), the old (65), those with weakened immune systems due to illness or medications, and those with heart or lung conditions are at the highest risk for complications from the flu.
  • #1 Influenza vaccine | Caring for kids
    https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/immunization/influenza_vaccine
    Influenza vaccination is safe for anyone 6 months of age and older. […] Yes. All children over 6 months old should get a flu shot each year. […] The vaccine is especially important for children and youth who are at high risk of complications from the flu, including those who: […] Children under 5 years old are at higher risk of complications from the flu such as high fever, convulsions and pneumonia. […] Caregivers who take care of children less than 5 years of age should also be immunized. […] The influenza vaccine is very safe. […] The influenza vaccine is safe for individuals with an egg allergy. […] Very few children should NOT get a flu shot: […] The influenza vaccine is safe for individuals with an egg allergy. […] Infants born during flu season to mothers who got a flu shot are usually protected against the flu for a few months.
  • #1 Influenza: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/influenza-vaccine
    Influenza vaccine protects against the three influenza virus strains expected to circulate during influenza season. […] Pregnant women infected with influenza virus are more likely to suffer severe illness and complications that require hospitalization than those of the same age who are not pregnant. […] Getting an influenza vaccine during pregnancy also provides the newborn with protection for up to six months after birth when he or she is too young to get an influenza vaccine. […] The influenza vaccine can cause mild side effects. On the other hand, influenza typically hospitalizes and kills more people in this country than any other vaccine-preventable disease about 200,000 hospitalizations and thousands to tens of thousands of deaths occur every year. Therefore, the benefits of the influenza vaccine clearly outweigh its risks.
  • #1 Influenza: The Disease & Vaccines | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-details/influenza-vaccine
    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older receive the influenza vaccine each year. […] Children 6 months to 8 years of age require two doses of influenza vaccine separated by four weeks if they: […] Most people should receive the influenza vaccine in the fall, preferably September or October. […] A note about influenza vaccine and GBS: Most people with a history of GBS can be protected against influenza through vaccination. […] The data have been mixed regarding whether influenza vaccine can cause Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS); however, it is now generally agreed that very rarely, people can get GBS after receiving the influenza vaccine. […] Every year, between 75 and 150 previously healthy children die after becoming infected with influenza; therefore, the benefits of getting the influenza vaccine outweigh the risks.
  • #1 Infant and toddler health
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/flu-shots/faq-20058448
    Flu shots can be given to children 6 months and older. […] The nasal spray flu vaccine can be given to most healthy children 2 years and older. […] A flu vaccine isn’t recommended for anyone who has had a severe reaction known to be caused by a previous flu vaccine. […] Every American, age six months and older, get a flu vaccine.
  • #1 Flu shot: Your best bet for avoiding influenza
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/in-depth/flu-shots/art-20048000
    Getting a flu vaccine is the best way to prevent the flu and its complications for almost everyone. […] Young children, especially those age 12 months or younger, are included in high risk groups for flu complications. […] Children between 6 months and 8 years may need two doses of the flu vaccine, given at least four weeks apart, the first time they get a flu vaccine. After that, they can get single annual doses of the flu vaccine. […] Getting a yearly flu vaccine lowers the chances of having serious complications or dying of the flu. This is especially true for people who are at high risk of flu complications.
  • #1 Flu resources
    https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/flu-resources
    If you have a child with an underlying health condition, its especially important to get the flu shot in early fall before flu cases start to increase. […] The flu shot significantly reduces your risk of getting the flu. It also reduces your risk of developing serious complications, if you get the flu. Every year, a new vaccine is produced to try to be as effective as possible. This is because new strains of the flu can circulate each year. Even if the vaccine is less effective at preventing one strain of the flu, it can help protect you against another strain and decrease the severity of symptoms and severe complications like pneumonia.
  • #1 Flu season is here; now is the time to get your flu shot – Driscoll Health PlanDriscoll Health Plan on FacebookDriscoll Health Plan on InstagramDriscoll Health Plan on TwitterDriscoll Health Plan on YouTubesearchchevron-rightchevron-upphonesquareangle-dow
    https://driscollhealthplan.com/now-is-the-time-to-get-your-flu-shot/
    Flu season is here; now is the time to get your flu shot. The Texas Department of State Health Services encourages everyone 6 months old and older to get vaccinated now to protect themselves from getting the flu. “The flu vaccine causes your body to make antibodies to fight influenza, but it takes about two weeks for this to happen. So, it’s important to get the flu vaccine early, before influenza hits your community,” said Dr. Jennifer Shuford, DSHS Infectious Disease Medical Officer. “By getting the flu vaccine every year, you can help protect yourself from influenza, and thereby prevent spreading it to vulnerable people in your family or community.” […] It is especially important for people with chronic health conditions, pregnant women, young children, older adults, and the people who live with them to get vaccinated in order to minimize the risk of developing serious complications from the flu.
  • #1 Key Facts About Flu Vaccine
    https://www.michigan.gov/flu/prevent/key-facts
    Children aged 6 months through 8 years of age are recommended to receive 2 doses of flu vaccine, separated by at least 4 weeks, for the 2024-2025 flu season if they have not previously received at least 2 doses of flu vaccine prior to this flu season. […] Children who need 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered at least 4 weeks apart are recommended to receive the first dose as soon as possible after vaccine becomes available.
  • #1 Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children: population based cohort study | The BMJ
    https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077076
    Overall, 819223 children aged 2-5 received influenza vaccination. Children vaccinated in November and December were least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza, a finding that may be confounded by unmeasured factors that influence the timing of vaccination and risk of influenza. […] In a quasi-experimental analysis of young children vaccinated against influenza, birth month was associated with the timing of vaccination through its influence on the timing of preventive care visits. Children born in October were most likely to be vaccinated in October and least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza, consistent with recommendations promoting October vaccination. […] In an analysis of children aged 2-5 years who were vaccinated against influenza, birth month was associated with both timing of influenza vaccination and the likelihood of diagnosis of influenza. Children born in October, who were disproportionately likely to be vaccinated in October compared with children with other birth months, were least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza, particularly compared with children born in August, who tended to be vaccinated sooner, and those born in December, who tended to be vaccinated later.
  • #1 10 things parents should know about flu shots – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/10-things-parents-should-know-about-flu-shots-2017090412363
    Every year, influenza sickens millions, hospitalizes hundreds of thousands, and kills tens of thousands. This is not your average common cold. While it is especially dangerous for anyone who already has a health problem (such as a weakened immune system, or heart or lung problems), it can be dangerous for healthy people, too. […] Getting immunized helps keep everyone safe: it’s not just about you, it’s about everyone around you. This is especially true for children, who aren’t always great about washing their hands and tend to touch lots of things and people around them. […] It’s true that the vaccine isn’t 100% effective (the effectiveness varies by year) but it’s your best bet if you don’t want to get sick. […] Children who are less than nine years old and getting it for the first time need two doses, a month apart.
  • #1 Flu in Children Symptoms, Medicine, Flu Shot Side Effects, Treatment Options, COVID-19
    https://www.emedicinehealth.com/flu_in_children_health/article_em.htm
    Vaccination is the mainstay of flu prevention. Influenza vaccine is given every year and is designed to best match the strain of flu that is predicted to be circulating during that flu season. […] The ability of the influenza vaccine to prevent the flu varies from season to season depending on how well the strains contained in the vaccine match the strains that are circulating in the population. An individual’s health may also play a role. […] A study of flu vaccine in children showed that it reduced the risk of flu-related admission to intensive care units by 74%. Of the 136 children who died during the 2018-2019 influenza season, 74% were not immunized and approximately one-half had underlying at-risk medical conditions.
  • #1 Children’s flu vaccine – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/child-flu-vaccine/
    Flu can be very unpleasant for children and can sometimes cause serious problems, such as pneumonia. […] Each winter in the UK, thousands of children who do not have a health condition need hospital care because of flu. […] Vaccinating them also helps protect others who are at higher risk of getting seriously ill from flu, such as babies, anyone who’s pregnant and older people. […] It’s important for children with certain long-term health conditions to have the flu vaccine every year. […] Children with certain long-term health conditions that put them at higher risk from flu can get a flu vaccine from their GP surgery. […] The children’s flu vaccine aims to protect children against the most common types of flu viruses. […] There’s still a chance your child might get flu after getting vaccinated, but they’re less likely to get seriously ill or need to go to hospital. […] Protection from the flu vaccine goes down over time and the types of flu the vaccine protects against are updated each year. This is why it’s important to get the flu vaccine every year.
  • #1 10 things parents should know about flu shots – Harvard Health
    https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/10-things-parents-should-know-about-flu-shots-2017090412363
    There are some people who really need a flu shot. That includes babies who are at higher risk of complications, as well as children with asthma, other lung diseases, heart problems, weakened immune systems, or other chronic illnesses. […] You can’t catch the flu from the flu shot. The virus in the injected flu vaccine is inactivated. As with any vaccine, there can be side effects; the most common ones are pain at the injection site or fever. But it cannot give you the flu.
  • #1 I’ve heard that the flu vaccine is unnecessary, or that it can actually cause the flu. Is that true? – Montreal Children’s Hospital
    https://montrealchildrenshospital.ca/health-info/ive-heard-that-the-flu-vaccine-is-unnecessary-or-that-it-can-actually-cause-the-flu-is-that-true/
    Flu shots cant cause the flu, but this is perhaps the most persistent of the myths about the flu vaccine. […] In fact, these symptoms are a good sign, because they are indications that the immune system is responding and the body is processing the material found in the vaccine. […] Thus, even though a child may begin to exhibit symptoms of the flu after having been given the vaccine, this does not mean the vaccine was in some way ineffective. […] The best way to protect children and all family members against influenza and its complications is to make sure that they get the influenza vaccine or flu shot every year, starting at age 6 months.
  • #1 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | Dayton Children’s Hospital
    https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/flu-vaccine
    The flu vaccine makes someone less likely to get the flu, and therefore less likely to spread the flu. […] The flu shot usually is given as an injection in the upper arm or thigh (depending on a person’s age). It contains killed flu virus and can’t cause someone to get the flu. […] The nasal spray flu vaccine contains weakened live flu viruses. So it may cause mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, or tiredness. […] In the past, people with an egg allergy had to check with their doctor about whether the flu vaccine was OK for them because it’s grown inside eggs. But health experts now say that the amount of egg protein in the vaccine is so tiny that it’s safe even for kids with a severe egg allergy.
  • #1 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | Dayton Children’s Hospital
    https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/flu-vaccine
    The flu vaccine protects against influenza (what most of us call „the flu”), a contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs that can make a person feel very sick. […] The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older. It does not cause the flu and it helps keep kids and parents from getting sick. […] Every year thousands of people die from influenza, and getting the flu vaccine is one way to help prevent that. […] While the flu vaccine isn’t 100% effective, it still greatly lowers a person’s chances of catching the flu, which can be very serious. […] If you got the flu vaccine last year, it can’t provide enough protection this year, because flu viruses change. […] Even then, it’s still important to get the yearly flu vaccine because the body’s immunity against the influenza virus declines over time.
  • #1 Study: Some Parents Believe Flu Vaccine is Conspiracy, Causes AutismCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon
    https://www.usnews.com/news/health-care-news/articles/2018-10-18/study-some-parents-believe-flu-vaccine-is-conspiracy-causes-autism
    However, some parents remain hesitant, with 28 percent saying the flu shot can cause autism. […] Moorjani said that after years of research, healthcare professionals „know that the flu vaccine is safe.” […] „The flu shot does not cause autism or any other diseases or illnesses,” Moorjani said. „Doctors recommend the flu shot because it is the best way to protect you and your family from the flu.”
  • #1 Key Facts About Seasonal Flu Vaccine | Influenza (Flu) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines/keyfacts.html
    Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. […] An annual seasonal flu vaccine is the best way to help reduce the risk of getting flu and any of its potentially serious complications. […] Vaccination to prevent influenza and its potentially serious complications is particularly important for people who are at higher risk of developing serious influenza complications. […] A flu vaccine is needed every year for two reasons. First, a person’s immune protection from vaccination declines over time, so an annual flu vaccine is needed for optimal protection. Second, because influenza viruses are constantly changing, the composition of flu vaccines is reviewed annually, and vaccines are updated to protect against the viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming flu season.
  • #1 Why You Should Get Your Flu Shots Early This Year (and Every Year)! | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/news/health-tip/influenza-what-you-should-know-about-flu
    Flu season is on the horizon and while everyone may be familiar with the influenza virus and how lousy it feels to be in bed with the flu, there are some myths about influenza and the influenza vaccine that persist year after year. […] The influenza virus changes as it replicates. That means each flu season, the strains of the virus circulating may be different enough that immunity from previous vaccinations or infections is no longer protective. […] The influenza vaccine shot doesn’t contain live viruses, so it can’t cause the flu. Although the nasal spray version does contain live, weakened influenza vaccine viruses, these viruses cannot enter the bloodstream or reproduce themselves in the lungs to cause an infection. […] While some may feel like the flu is nothing more than a stuffy, achy, feverish inconvenience, the flu can be a very serious condition, especially in young children and people at high risk for suffering complications.
  • #1 Flu (influenza): Get your flu vaccine (flu shot) – Canada.ca
    https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/flu-influenza/get-your-flu-shot.html
    The flu and other respiratory illnesses are caused by different viruses. The flu vaccine won’t protect you against any other illnesses, such as COVID-19 or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] The World Health Organization studies worldwide trends and recommends the strains to be included each year in the annual flu vaccine. […] It’s especially important for some people to get the influenza vaccine, including those: who are at risk of severe illness, at risk of spreading the flu to people at high risk of complications.
  • #1 Flu season is here; now is the time to get your flu shot – Driscoll Health PlanDriscoll Health Plan on FacebookDriscoll Health Plan on InstagramDriscoll Health Plan on TwitterDriscoll Health Plan on YouTubesearchchevron-rightchevron-upphonesquareangle-dow
    https://driscollhealthplan.com/now-is-the-time-to-get-your-flu-shot/
    All flu vaccines this season are made to protect against viruses similar to the strains A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2) and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Victoria lineage). Some vaccines include an additional vaccine virus strain, B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage). […] The CDC advises against the use of the live attenuated influenza vaccine, commonly called the “nasal spray” vaccine and sold under the trade name FluMist. Research from prior flu seasons measured no protective benefit.
  • #1 6 Things You Need to Know about Kids and the Flu Shot | Columbia University Irving Medical Center
    https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/6-things-you-need-know-about-kids-and-flu-shot
    During last years flu season, more than 60% of children were vaccinated. […] One reason, says Melissa Stockwell, MD, MPH, a pediatrician and vaccine behavior researcher at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, is logistics. […] Layered on top are misperceptions about influenza and the vaccine, which contribute to the lower vaccination rates weve seen for flu versus other childhood diseases, combined with general fears about vaccine safety. […] There’s definitely a misperception that the flu is just a bad cold. […] The elderly are at greater risk of complications from the flu, but a lot of people dont realize that the flu can be dangerous and even deadly for young, healthy people, too. […] The flu vaccine provides children with the best protection against these risks, and because school-aged children are thought to be the biggest spreaders of flu virus, vaccinated children also protect others in the household.
  • #1 Mice study didn’t show flu vaccine causes strep A – Full Fact
    https://fullfact.org/online/mice-flu-study-strep-a-children/
    A study published in 2014 childrens nasal flu vaccines can cause strep A infections. […] The study, which was carried out in mice, looked at streptococcus pneumoniae, not strep A. It also found that nasal flu vaccines did not increase the risk of severe infections. […] These claims are false. The study investigated a different type of bacterianot strep A and found that nasal flu vaccines did not increase the risk of severe infections. […] Pre-print research published by the UKHSA in December found a reduction in strep A infections in areas where more children received the nasal flu vaccine, though it said there was no difference in scarlet fever or invasive group A strep (iGAS) notifications. […] A UKHSA spokesperson told Full Fact last month: The flu vaccine reduces the risk of having flu and group A Strep infections at the same time therefore it reduces the chance of developing invasive Group A Strep.
  • #1 Repeated influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults: borrow now, pay later?
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2870374/
    A growing number of publications are recommending annual influenza vaccination of healthy children and adults. […] We found that natural influenza infection reduced the risk of being re-infected by 154% (95% confidence interval 71230). […] We show that repeated vaccination at a young age substantially increases the risk of influenza in older age, by a factor ranging between 12 (vaccination after 50 years) to 24 (vaccination from birth). […] Under the plausible assumption that protection against influenza infection lasts longer after naturally acquired infection than after vaccination, we show that repeated vaccination at a young age substantially increases the risk of influenza in older age. […] Thus, using a simple model of recurrent influenza infection, we show that, by comparison with current vaccination policy, repeated influenza vaccination could double the risk of influenza in the elderly.
  • #1 Flu vaccine | Vaccine Knowledge Project
    https://vaccineknowledge.ox.ac.uk/flu-vaccine
    The flu vaccine works better in some years than others. […] Protection from the flu virus varies for different age groups. […] The flu vaccine prevents between 15 to 52% of flu cases between 2015 – 2020. […] Having a flu vaccine every year is important because the flu virus is variable and changes over time. […] Researchers are investigating ways to create a flu vaccine that protects against the many different varieties of flu.
  • #1 Chicago Parents’ Behaviors & Beliefs about Children’s Flu Vaccinations | Lurie Children’s
    https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/voices-of-child-health-in-chicago/chicago-parents-behaviors-and-beliefs-about-their-childrens-flu-vaccinations/
    14% of parents said that they had refused a vaccination recommended by their childrens doctor. […] The flu vaccine was the immunization most likely to be refused by 83% of parents who had refused one or more vaccines for their children. […] High parent refusal rates for childrens flu vaccinations are concerning for childrens health. […] The most common reasons for refusal were that parents were worried about the side effects (67%), concerned about the long term health effects (36%), and that the vaccine did not seem necessary (32%). […] Serious allergic reactions to flu vaccines are very rare. […] Flu can be a serious disease, particularly among young children, who are at a higher risk than older children for severe flu-related illness and complications. […] The flu vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce a childs risk of dying from influenza.
  • #1 Helping Kids Feel Less Fear of Flu Shots
    https://www.flu.com/Articles/2024/Helping-Kids-Feel-Less-Fear-of-Flu-Shots
    Estimates suggest that as many as 2 out of 3 children fear needles. […] Estimates suggest that 2 in 3 children and even 1 in 4 adults fear needles. […] Its really important that people know that the flu shot doesnt just protect you from the flu it also protects you from getting seriously sick from it, Thompson says. This is important for people to know, it gets lost and people need to understand it. […] Thinking through how the different aspects of flu vaccination can affect children with anxieties may take some time, but it can make an important difference in how children perceive flu vaccines and future vaccinations in general.
  • #1 Attitudes, motivators, and barriers toward influenza vaccination for children: a study from a conflict-ridden country | Conflict and Health | Full Text
    https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-024-00590-9
    The study highlights the need for educational health campaigns to raise awareness and remove misconceptions regarding influenza and the role, benefits, and availability of its vaccine. […] The seasonal influenza vaccine serves as a key preventive measure against influenza and its associated complications, offering numerous benefits, such as protection against influenza infection, hospitalization, and disease severity. […] Despite the huge burden created by seasonal influenza, the seasonal influenza vaccine is not implemented in the national immunization program, and the country has no seasonal influenza vaccination policy applied to the public or subgroups. […] Assessing attitudes toward vaccinating children revealed that the majority of participants expressed a willingness to vaccinate children against seasonal influenza, consistent with prior findings from the region.
  • #1 Factors Influencing Childhood Influenza Vaccination: A Systematic Review
    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3/233
    Childhood influenza vaccination coverage remains low in lower/middle-income countries. This systematic review aims to identify influencing factors around childhood influenza vaccination. […] Childhood influenza vaccination was positively associated with caregivers’ knowledge of influenza vaccine, positive vaccine attitudes, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity of influenza, believing in the efficacy of influenza vaccine, the worry of getting sick, healthcare workers’ recommendations, and previous influenza vaccination experiences. Barriers included the fear of safety and side effects of the vaccine, as well as poor access to vaccination service. […] To improve childhood influenza vaccine uptake, health education is necessary to address caregivers’ lack of confidence on vaccine safety. Future studies are needed to investigate influencing factors around healthcare workers’ vaccination recommendation behaviors and the impact of contextual factors on public vaccination behaviors.
  • #1 Why I give my kids the flu shot | Texas Children’s
    https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/why-i-give-my-kids-flu-shot
    It’s definitely not too early for vaccination, and vulnerable populations (young children, pregnant women, people over 65) should do so as soon as possible. […] The best way to protect yourself from the flu is by getting a vaccination every year. […] Flu vaccines are safe. Extensive research has gone into their development and safety. […] Everyone over 6 months of age is recommended to get a flu vaccine.
  • #2 Influenza (the flu) | Texas Children’s
    https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/influenza-flu
    Influenza – also commonly called “the flu” – is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, but is more dangerous for children than the common cold. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), every year about 20,000 children under the age of 5 years are hospitalized because of influenza complications. It can also be fatal: during the 2013-2014 flu season, 107 flu-related pediatric deaths were reported in the United States. […] To protect them from the flu, all children 6 months of age and older should get the flu vaccine every year. Parents, family members and caregivers also should get vaccinated every year. […] Flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu infection cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouth or nose of people who are nearby. Less often, a child might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching her own mouth, eyes or her nose.
  • #2 Flu and Children | Influenza (Flu) | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/children.html
    Flu can be more dangerous than the common cold for children. […] Annual flu vaccination offers the best protection against flu and its potentially serious complications in children. […] Because these groups of children are at higher risk, it is especially important that they get a seasonal flu vaccine to help prevent flu, and to reduce their risk of being hospitalized or dying from flu if they do get sick. […] Flu illness is more dangerous than the common cold for children. […] Complications from flu among children in this age group can include: pneumonia, dehydration, worsening of long-term medical problems like heart disease or asthma, brain dysfunction such as encephalopathy, sinus problems and ear infections. […] While relatively rare, some children die from flu each year. […] Importantly, among reported flu-related deaths in children, about 80% occurred in children who were not fully vaccinated. […] In children, annual flu vaccination has been shown to reduce flu illnesses, doctor’s visits for flu, and missed school days. […] Reduce the risk of flu-related hospitalization and death.
  • #2 Why You Should Get Your Flu Shots Early This Year (and Every Year)! | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
    https://www.chop.edu/news/health-tip/influenza-what-you-should-know-about-flu
    Flu season is on the horizon and while everyone may be familiar with the influenza virus and how lousy it feels to be in bed with the flu, there are some myths about influenza and the influenza vaccine that persist year after year. […] The influenza virus changes as it replicates. That means each flu season, the strains of the virus circulating may be different enough that immunity from previous vaccinations or infections is no longer protective. […] The influenza vaccine shot doesn’t contain live viruses, so it can’t cause the flu. Although the nasal spray version does contain live, weakened influenza vaccine viruses, these viruses cannot enter the bloodstream or reproduce themselves in the lungs to cause an infection. […] While some may feel like the flu is nothing more than a stuffy, achy, feverish inconvenience, the flu can be a very serious condition, especially in young children and people at high risk for suffering complications.
  • #2 Flu season is here; now is the time to get your flu shot – Driscoll Health PlanDriscoll Health Plan on FacebookDriscoll Health Plan on InstagramDriscoll Health Plan on TwitterDriscoll Health Plan on YouTubesearchchevron-rightchevron-upphonesquareangle-dow
    https://driscollhealthplan.com/now-is-the-time-to-get-your-flu-shot/
    Flu season is here; now is the time to get your flu shot. The Texas Department of State Health Services encourages everyone 6 months old and older to get vaccinated now to protect themselves from getting the flu. “The flu vaccine causes your body to make antibodies to fight influenza, but it takes about two weeks for this to happen. So, it’s important to get the flu vaccine early, before influenza hits your community,” said Dr. Jennifer Shuford, DSHS Infectious Disease Medical Officer. “By getting the flu vaccine every year, you can help protect yourself from influenza, and thereby prevent spreading it to vulnerable people in your family or community.” […] It is especially important for people with chronic health conditions, pregnant women, young children, older adults, and the people who live with them to get vaccinated in order to minimize the risk of developing serious complications from the flu.
  • #2 Your Child’s Vaccines: Influenza (Flu) Vaccine | Dayton Children’s Hospital
    https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/flu-vaccine
    The flu vaccine makes someone less likely to get the flu, and therefore less likely to spread the flu. […] The flu shot usually is given as an injection in the upper arm or thigh (depending on a person’s age). It contains killed flu virus and can’t cause someone to get the flu. […] The nasal spray flu vaccine contains weakened live flu viruses. So it may cause mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, sore throat, or tiredness. […] In the past, people with an egg allergy had to check with their doctor about whether the flu vaccine was OK for them because it’s grown inside eggs. But health experts now say that the amount of egg protein in the vaccine is so tiny that it’s safe even for kids with a severe egg allergy.
  • #2 Frequently Asked Questions about Flu Vaccines | Baltimore City Health Department
    https://health.baltimorecity.gov/flu/frequently-asked-questions-about-flu-vaccines
    No, a flu vaccine cannot cause flu illness. Flu vaccines that are administered with a needle (flu shots) are currently made in two ways: the vaccine is made either with a) flu vaccine viruses that have been killed (inactivated) and are therefore not infectious, or b) with proteins from a flu vaccine virus instead of flu vaccine viruses (which is the case for recombinant influenza vaccine). […] The nasal spray vaccine is made with attenuated (weakened) live flu viruses, and also cannot cause flu illness. The weakened viruses are cold-adapted, which means they are designed to only cause infection at the cooler temperatures found within the nose. The viruses cannot infect the lungs or other areas where warmer temperatures exist. […] A flu vaccine is needed every season for two reasons. First, a persons immune protection from vaccination declines over time, so an annual vaccine is needed for optimal protection. Second, because flu viruses are constantly changing, flu vaccines may be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be most common during the upcoming flu season. […] Flu vaccination is not a perfect tool, but it is the best way to protect against flu infection.
  • #2 Four reasons your child may be more at risk for flu and serious flu-related complications | News
    https://news.llu.edu/health-wellness/four-reasons-your-child-may-be-more-risk-for-flu-and-serious-flu-related-complications
    Clark explains that if children with certain underlying, chronic medical conditions contract the flu, they are at greater risk of developing severe, life-threatening influenza or complications. […] Children younger than 5 years of age especially those younger than 2 are at a high risk of serious flu-related complications, Clark says. […] She says its important to know that children under the age of 6 months are at the highest risk of serious flu complications because their immune systems are fragile and they are too young to receive the flu vaccine.
  • #2 Children’s flu vaccine
    https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/flu/childrens-flu-vaccine/
    The flu vaccine helps to protect children against flu. […] Most children who get the flu have mild symptoms. But children and young people with long-term health conditions are at risk of serious complications from flu. […] In some children, flu can lead to problems such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). […] Almost 5,000 children were admitted to hospital with complications of flu between 2009 and 2019. Almost 200 children had treatment in intensive care and 40 children died. […] Generally, flu vaccines reduce the risk of infection by 40% to 60%. […] The flu vaccine protects your child from the most common types of flu. Your child may still get the flu if they come in contact with a type of flu not in the vaccine.
  • #2 Why Your Child Need a Flu Vaccine | American Lung Association
    https://www.lung.org/blog/flu-vaccine-faqs-children
    Each year, millions of children get sick with the flu and thousands are hospitalized because of severe complications caused by the flu. […] Among flu-related pediatric deaths, around 80% were in children not fully vaccinated against flu. […] It is projected that we will have one of the worst flu seasons in the last 3 years. […] The single most effective thing you can do for your child to help them avoid the flu is to have them vaccinated every year. […] A 2022 study showed the flu shot reduced children’s risk of life-threatening influenza by 75%. […] Influenza viruses are constantly changing, so flu vaccines may be updated every year to match the most common Influenza A and Influenza B strains. […] A yearly flu shot is needed for the best available protection.
  • #2 Flu resources
    https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/flu-resources
    The flu (influenza) is a very contagious virus. It causes high fever, body aches, cough and other symptoms. Most children who get the flu can recover at home. However, some children, especially those with underlying medical conditions, can get very sick from the flu, develop complications and need to be hospitalized. […] Getting vaccinated is especially important to protect children with chronic health conditions who are at higher risk for serious flu complications. […] The flu shot is recommended for every person 6 months of age and older. Getting vaccinated is especially important if someone in your home is at high risk for serious flu complications. This includes children under the age of 5, adults over age 65, and children with chronic health conditions, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, epilepsy, heart conditions and sickle cell disease.
  • #2 Does Your Child Need The Influenza Vaccine?
    https://www.healthhub.sg/live-healthy/influenza_vaccine_for_your_child
    One such infection is influenza, which has caused epidemics and pandemics well before the world experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The Spanish flu pandemic in 1918 caused nearly 50 million deaths worldwide. […] Healthy young children less than 5 years old are at higher risk for more severe complications and hospitalisation if they are infected with influenza. The rate of hospitalisation from influenza for healthy young children is comparable to those belonging to other high-risk groups such as children with underlying medical conditions or impaired immune systems. […] The high-risk groups of children who would benefit would be children with underlying conditions such as: chronic lung disorders (including asthma), heart conditions, chronic kidney, liver, and nervous system disorders, blood disorders; and children with impaired immune systems. […] Influenza vaccination has been proven effective in reducing the risk of influenza infection, and most importantly, hospitalisation due to moderate to severe influenza.
  • #2 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family 2024-25 Flu Season – Vaccinate Your Family
    https://vaccinateyourfamily.org/vaccines-diseases/current-flu-season/
    Results in lower rates of cardiac events among people with heart disease […] Reduces the risk of flu-related hospitalizations in people with diabetes by 79% […] Reduces the risk of flu-related illness, hospitalization, and death in people with chronic lung disease. […] The effectiveness of the flu vaccines varies from year-to-year. It depends on several things including which flu viruses are spreading, your age, and if you have certain health conditions or take certain medications that weaken your immune system. Typically, flu vaccination helps prevent illness 40-60% of the time if flu vaccines are well-matched to the circulating viruses. Even during the seasons when the flu vaccines don’t perfectly match the circulating flu strains, the vaccines still help prevent serious flu-related complications like hospitalization and death. Most flu-related hospitalizations and deaths occur in children and adults who were not fully vaccinated.
  • #2 Myths and Facts about Flu and Children – NFID
    https://www.nfid.org/resource/myths-and-facts-about-flu-and-children/
    Vaccination is necessary this season even if you were vaccinated last year. […] CDC recommends that everyone age 6 and older get vaccinated against flu every year. […] Influenza vaccination is the best and safest way for pregnant women to protect themselves from the flu. […] The flu vaccine is not recommended for children younger than 6 months of age, but pregnant women who get vaccinated during pregnancy pass their immunity to their newborn baby, which helps protect them from getting influenza which can be deadly. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends annual flu vaccination for all individuals age 6 months and older.
  • #2 Infant and toddler health
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/flu-shots/faq-20058448
    Yes, unless the child is younger than 6 months of age or has medical reasons not to get a flu shot. […] Influenza, also called flu, is an infection of the lungs, nose and throat. The infection is caused by influenza viruses. […] Getting a flu vaccine protects your child against getting the flu and complications from the flu. The flu vaccine significantly reduces the risk of dying of the flu. […] Each year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends an influenza vaccine. […] The flu vaccine can’t give your child the flu. The vaccines only have particles that look like the flu, or weakened flu virus that can’t cause illness. […] Getting a flu vaccine is especially important this season. […] If your child has an egg allergy, the child can still receive the flu vaccine.
  • #2 Key Facts About Flu Vaccine
    https://www.michigan.gov/flu/prevent/key-facts
    Children aged 6 months through 8 years of age are recommended to receive 2 doses of flu vaccine, separated by at least 4 weeks, for the 2024-2025 flu season if they have not previously received at least 2 doses of flu vaccine prior to this flu season. […] Children who need 2 doses of influenza vaccine administered at least 4 weeks apart are recommended to receive the first dose as soon as possible after vaccine becomes available.
  • #2
    https://www.healthonecares.com/locations/rocky-mountain-childrens/for-patients/safe-care/child-flu-prevention
    A nasal spray flu vaccine, called FluMist, is currently approved to prevent flu due to influenza A and B viruses in healthy children and adolescents, ages two to 17, and healthy adults, ages 18 to 49. […] Vaccine effectiveness varies from year to year, depending upon the degree of similarity between the influenza virus strains included in the vaccine and the strain or strains that circulate during the influenza season. […] The National Center for Infectious Diseases, a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that the influenza vaccine causes no side effects in most people who are not allergic to eggs. […] Because these mild side effects mimic some influenza symptoms, some people believe the influenza vaccine causes them to get influenza. However, according to the CDC, „influenza vaccine produced in the United States has never been capable of causing influenza because the only type of influenza vaccine that has been licensed in the United States to the present time is made from killed influenza viruses, which cannot cause infection.”
  • #2
    https://www.healthonecares.com/locations/rocky-mountain-childrens/for-patients/safe-care/child-flu-prevention
    The flu causes complications that may develop into a more serious disease or become dangerous to some groups, such as elderly people and those with chronic medical conditions. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends getting the flu shot every year, between September and mid-November, before the flu season hits, usually December to April.
  • #2 Influenza vaccine | Caring for kids
    https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/immunization/influenza_vaccine
    Influenza vaccination is safe for anyone 6 months of age and older. […] Yes. All children over 6 months old should get a flu shot each year. […] The vaccine is especially important for children and youth who are at high risk of complications from the flu, including those who: […] Children under 5 years old are at higher risk of complications from the flu such as high fever, convulsions and pneumonia. […] Caregivers who take care of children less than 5 years of age should also be immunized. […] The influenza vaccine is very safe. […] The influenza vaccine is safe for individuals with an egg allergy. […] Very few children should NOT get a flu shot: […] The influenza vaccine is safe for individuals with an egg allergy. […] Infants born during flu season to mothers who got a flu shot are usually protected against the flu for a few months.
  • #2 Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Children
    https://vaccinelaw.com/guillain-barre-syndrome-in-children/
    In particular, medical science has established a link between Guillain-Barre Syndrome and the annual flu shot. Each year, there are several recorded cases of GBS linked to the annual flu shot among both children and adults. The link between GBS and the flu shot has become even more well-established in recent years as more cases have been uncovered. However, as the CDC still states: “The data on the association between GBS and seasonal flu vaccination are variable and inconsistent across flu seasons. If there is an increased risk of GBS following flu vaccination, it is small, on the order of one to two additional GBS cases per million doses of flu vaccine administered.” […] Still, as noted above, Guillain-Barre Syndrome is an “on table” injury for the flu shot under the VICP. This means that when a child is diagnosed with GBS following a flu shot (with symptoms onsetting 3 to 42 days following vaccine administration), it is presumed that the child’s diagnosis is the result of his or her vaccination.
  • #2 Flu Vaccine Myths – Pediatric Associates of Richmond
    https://parpeds.com/library/flu-vaccine-myths/
    Flu shots do not have any live influenza virus in them, and therefore cannot give you the flu. […] The vaccine contains a protein that lives on the surface of the influenza virus. […] Your immune system makes antibodies to this protein after you get vaccinated. […] Sometimes flu shots cause muscle soreness that can mimic the muscle aches of influenza, or cause a fever. […] However, the flu shot does not cause the influenza syndrome that includes fever, muscles aches, runny nose, congestion, cough, sore throat, headaches, nausea and/or vomiting. […] The timing of symptom onset relative to getting the shot makes it hard for patients to ignore. […] They incorrectly assume the flu shot caused the symptoms, when really they got the flu before the flu vaccine had a chance to become protective.
  • #2 6 Things You Need to Know about Kids and the Flu Shot | Columbia University Irving Medical Center
    https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/6-things-you-need-know-about-kids-and-flu-shot
    The flu shot is different from other types of vaccines, because the protection only lasts for a year. […] A lot of people have the misperception that the flu shot causes the flu. […] But although some symptoms of cold and flu may overlap, a cold is not the flu. […] We know that the flu shot may not work as well as other childhood vaccines, but it still offers an important level of protection. […] One study, published in 2017, showed that flu vaccination decreased the risk of dying from the flu by almost two-thirds in healthy children and by half for children with underlying high-risk medical conditions. […] There was a really interesting study that found that offering corrective information, like the fact that people cannot get the flu from flu vaccine, to families that were already vaccine-hesitant made them even less likely to intend to get a flu shot. […] If its effective, it could mean that our days of needing a flu shot every year may eventually be behind us.
  • #2 Children’s flu vaccine – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/child-flu-vaccine/
    Flu can be very unpleasant for children and can sometimes cause serious problems, such as pneumonia. […] Each winter in the UK, thousands of children who do not have a health condition need hospital care because of flu. […] Vaccinating them also helps protect others who are at higher risk of getting seriously ill from flu, such as babies, anyone who’s pregnant and older people. […] It’s important for children with certain long-term health conditions to have the flu vaccine every year. […] Children with certain long-term health conditions that put them at higher risk from flu can get a flu vaccine from their GP surgery. […] The children’s flu vaccine aims to protect children against the most common types of flu viruses. […] There’s still a chance your child might get flu after getting vaccinated, but they’re less likely to get seriously ill or need to go to hospital. […] Protection from the flu vaccine goes down over time and the types of flu the vaccine protects against are updated each year. This is why it’s important to get the flu vaccine every year.