Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/spondylolisthesis-epidemiology-and-assessment/

  Spondylolisthesis is classified based on the etiology of the slippage of the vertebra. […] The pars interarticularis is the pivotal point where the maximum stress concentration is located. […] In the lumbar spine, isthmic spondylolisthesis occurs with the following frequencies: at the L5S1 level (82.1%), L45 level (11.3%), L34 level (0.5%), L23 level (0.3%), and other levels (5.8%). […] White men appear to have the highest prevalence (6.4%) and black women the lowest (1.1%). […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is second in frequency only to isthmic spondylolisthesis and is believed to be due to intersegmental instability. […] In degenerative spondylolisthesis, Vogt et al. noted in radiographs of 788 white women with a mean age of 71.5 years that 73% of the spondylolisthesis was located at L45, 28% at the L5S1 level, followed by 12% at L34 level (10% of patients had multilevel listhesis).

• #1 Spondylolisthesis | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/36917-spondylolisthesis

  Spondylolisthesis is typically categorized into isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis. […] The incidence of spondylolysis in adults has been estimated to be between 3-8% with a prevalence of 11.5%.810 Spondylolisthesis is less prevalent than spondylolysis, with an estimated prevalence of 3.1%.11,12 Interestingly, most patients with these conditions are asymptomatic, with only 23% of patients reporting clinical complaints prior to the age of 20. […] Both progression from spondylolysis to isthmic spondylolisthesis, as well as symptomatic onset are often correlated with periods of rapid pubertal bone growth in adolescents between 10-15 years old.8 […] Young athletes have been well-documented to have increased risk for developing spondylolysis and subsequently progressing to spondylolisthesis.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spondylolisthesis-1?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2527%255b0%255d%2527%255b0%255dfavicon.ico&lang=us

  The incidence of spondylolisthesis in childhood is ~5%, mostly due to spondylolysis. Incidence increases in adulthood to ~12.5% (range 10-15%), mostly due to degenerative change 9.

• #1 Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2179163-overview

  The prevalence of isthmic spondylolisthesis is approximately 5% at age 5-7 years, with an increase to 6-7% by age 18 years. This condition is twice as common in males as in females, and the prevalence is lower among Blacks (2.8%, Black men; 1.1%, Black women) than among Whites (6.4%, White men; 2.3%, White women). Despite the higher prevalence among males, progression, although still rare, has been reported to be more common in females. […] Additional risk factors include having a first-degree relative with a slip, occult spina bifida at S1, and the presence of scoliosis. […] A study by de Schepper et al described the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 683 patients with low back pain who presented for a lumbar MRI examination after they had been referred by their general practitioner (GP). The investigators found that 94% of the participants had abnormal MRI findings, and 18% showed signs of spondylolisthesis. […] A German study reported that spondylolisthesis can be found in 20% of the adult population.

• #1 Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis epidemiology: A systematic review with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific prevalence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5866399/

  The epidemiology of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) remains controversial. […] The results showed that the prevalence of DS is very gender- and age-specific. Few women and men develop DS before they are 50 years old. After 50 years of age, both women and men begin to develop DS, with women having a faster rate of development than men. […] For elderly Chinese ( 65 years, mean age: 72.5 years), large population-based studies MsOS (Hong Kong, females: n = 2000) and MrOS (Hong Kong, males: n = 2000) showed DS prevalence was 25.0% in women and 19.1% in men. The female:male (F:M) prevalence ratio was 1.3:1. […] The published data for MsOS (USA) and MrOS (USA) studies seem to show that elderly Caucasian Americans have a higher DS prevalence, being approximately 6070% higher than elderly Chinese; however, the F:M prevalence ratio was similar to the elderly Chinese population.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430767/

  Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lower lumbar spine but can also occur in the cervical spine and rarely, except for trauma, in the thoracic spine. […] A higher prevalence of isthmic spondylolisthesis in males has been observed. In the general adult population, the prevalence of spondylolysis ranges from 5% to 11.5%, while isthmic spondylolisthesis is observed in approximately 4% to 8% of individuals. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis (Type III) predominantly affects older adults, with a marked predilection for females. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey involving over 4,000 patients reported a prevalence of 2.7% in men and 8.4% in women, underscoring a significant sex disparity.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/36917-spondylolisthesis

  In contrast to isthmic spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis is most commonly seen in adults, with increased risk associated with progression of age. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is almost six times more common in females than males. […] In a prospective study of 142 women, Aono et al. reported that 12.7% of previously healthy women developed degenerative spondylolisthesis over a period of 8 years.

• #1 Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis epidemiology: A systematic review with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific prevalence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5866399/

  The existing data also suggest that menopause may be a contributing factor for the accelerated development of DS in postmenopausal women. […] The published epidemiological data on DS varies greatly one from another. The prevalence, F:M prevalence ratio, and risk factors remain controversial. […] Our literature review shows DS is strongly age-specific and gender-specific, and it is relatively rare before 50 years of age. […] The prevalence of DS is very gender-specific and age-specific. Both women and men have a low incidence of DS before 50 years of age. After 50 years, both women and men start to develop DS, with women beginning to develop DS at a faster rate than men. […] Elderly Caucasian Americans have a higher DS prevalence, being approximately 60% to 70% higher, than elderly Chinese. The female:male prevalence ratio is estimated to be around 1.3:1. Further studies on DS epidemiology should report gender-specific and age-specific information to allow better interstudy comparison and data synthesis.

• #1 Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/pediatric-spondylolysis-and-spondylolisthesis/

  Asymptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are estimated to occur in 5-10% of the population. Prevalence varies with ethnicity: up to 54% Inuit, 6% to 11% white, and 2% African American. Males are affected more commonly than females, estimated 2 to 3 times more often. There is a significant association with family history. Approximately 20% of first-degree family relatives will demonstrate similar radiological changes. Prevalence of spondylolysis in young children increases with age. In a study of 532 children under 8 years of age found 1% in children under 3, 3.7% in children under age 6, and total prevalence of 4.7%. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are more common in individuals with Down syndrome. In one study looking at prevalence in patients with Down syndrome, spondylolysis was described in 18.7% of and spondylolisthesis in 32.7% of patients. Spondylolysis is a common cause of low back pain in adolescent athletes. Prevalence in 136 children under the age of 19 with back pain found a spondylolysis prevalence of 39.7%. All of these patients had a history of athletic activity. In a case series of 1025 adolescent athletes with low back pain (age 15 +/- 1.8 years) 30% were diagnosed with spondylolysis. In this study, male athletes with spondylolysis were most likely to participate in baseball (54%), soccer (48%) and hockey (44%), and female athletes most likely to participate in gymnastics (34%), marching band (31%) and softball (30%). Also commonly identified in gymnastics, weightlifting, football, and diving athletes. There is an increased risk with spina bifida occulta. There is a contributive role for vitamin-D deficiency. Prospective study examining the natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis of 500 individuals over 45 years of follow up revealed the following: At initial recruitment period at age 6, 4.4% of the 6-year-old subjects had pars interarticularis defects (16 bilateral defects, 6 unilateral defects). Subjects with unilateral defect never experienced slippage. 62.5% of subjects with bilateral pars defects also had spondylolisthesis at the time of diagnosis. At final follow-up 81.8% of subjects with bilateral spondylolysis also had spondylolisthesis. There was a marked slowing of progression of spondylolisthesis with each decade.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/spondylolisthesis-market

  According to the report, the United States has the largest patient pool for spondylolisthesis and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis primarily affects adults and is more common in females than males, with an elevated risk in the obese. […] Black women are approximately three times more likely to be affected than white women. […] Elderly Caucasian Americans have a greater incidence of degenerative spondylolisthesis than older Chinese. […] Grade I spondylolisthesis accounts for 75% of all occurrences. […] Spondylolisthesis is most prevalent at the L5-S1 level, with the L5 vertebral body translating anteriorly onto the S1 vertebral body.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/spondylolisthesis-epidemiology-and-assessment/

  A higher incidence of 26.7% was noted in throwing sports such as discus and shot put. […] The rate of spondylolisthesis was slightly less with 3.8% in the group of athletes and 3.6% in the control group. […] The known prevalence of spondylolisthesis was 1%. […] Other studies have reported 10.150% spondylolysis rates for down-lineman. […] Prevalence of isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis was 5.7% and there was no significant sex difference in a group of diabetics. […] There is support in the literature for a familial component associated with spondylolisthesis.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/spondylolisthesis-epidemiology-and-assessment/

  Prevalence of spondylolisthesis increased with increasing age. […] In athletes with persistent back pain, isthmic spondylolisthesis is noted in up to 50%. […] The prevalence slightly increases by age 18 to 6%. […] It is believed that repetitive motion leads to the higher prevalence of spondylolisthesis seen in athletes. […] A fourfold increase in spondylolisthesis was noted in helicopter pilots in comparison to transport pilots and cadets, suggesting that repetitive minor stress and vibrational force, without acute fracture, can cause lumbar spondylolisthesis. […] An overall incidence of spondylolisthesis was 4.4% in a group of 500 6-year-olds and it progressed to 6% by adulthood in the same population. […] An overall incidence of spondylolisthesis 8.02% was noted in a group of 3152 athletes evaluated by Soler and Calderon.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/spondylolysis-and-spondylolisthesis

  Spondylolysis is a common diagnosis with a high prevalence in children and adolescents complaining of low back pain. […] There is an increased risk of spondylolysis in young athletes like gymnasts, presumably due to impact-related stress fractures. However most cases are low-grade. At-risk activities include gymnastics, diving, tennis, cricket, weightlifting, football and rugby. […] Isthmic spondylolisthesis affects around 5% of the population but is more common in young athletes. 60-80% of people with spondylolysis have associated spondylolisthesis. […] The majority of cases of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis affect L5 and most of the remainder affect L4. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in older people, particularly women. […] Traumatic, metastatic and dysplastic spondylolistheses are relatively rare. […] Many cases of spondylolisthesis are asymptomatic.

• #1 Section 15 Chapter 1: Degenerative Spondylolisthesis – Pathogenesis, Natural History and Classifications : Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics

  https://www.wheelessonline.com/issls/section-15-chapter-1-degenerative-spondylolisthesis-pathogenesis-natural-history-and-classifications/

  Degenerative spondylolisthesis mostly occurs in middle-aged or older patients, usually over 50 years of age. The prevalence of degenerative spondylolisthesis varies from 6 to 9% in the general population. It has further been reported to be five times more common in women as in men. Pregnancy, generalized joint laxity and increase in BMI are also predisposing factors. […] The natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is generally favorable. In a study of 145 non-surgically managed patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, followed annually for a minimum of 10 years, a progression of vertebral slippage was observed in 34% of the patients. However, no correlation between changes in clinical symptoms and progression of spondylolisthesis was observed and low back pain improved following a decrease in the total intervertebral space size. […] This study is in agreement with the NASS consensus statement presented in 2014 on the natural history of DS, where it was concluded that the majority of patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and an absence of neurologic deficits will do well with conservative care.

• #1 Lumbar Spondylolisthesis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/lumbar-spondylolisthesis/

  The incidence of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is about 10% and is between 3 to 9 times more common in women than men. This is thought to be due to anatomical differences in increased pelvic incidence, L4 vertebral body inclination, and more sagitally oriented z-joints. Hysterectomy and multiparity, presumably by causing abdominal muscle deficiency, increase odds of developing DS. There is likely increased risk of DS from sedentary work and decreased risk from work that requires walking or climbing slopes or steps. […] There are no specific LS primary prevention methods. However, literature supports exercise for generalized low back pain primary prevention. Back schools and lumbar supports are largely ineffective, and ergonomic interventions have insufficient evidence.

• #1 Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2994-1

  To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). […] Spondylolisthesis describes the anterior or posterior migration, or slip, of one vertebra in relation to the next caudal vertebra. […] It has been demonstrated that the severity of radiographic changes is associated with the risk of symptoms of pain and disability. […] An incidence rate as high as 4.1% has been estimated in the general population. […] From a public health perspective, understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for this condition could enable us to understand factors which determine longitudinal progression and facilitate the development of preventive strategies to reduce the impact of this disabling condition.

• #1 Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2994-1

  Therefore, we carried out a case-control study to investigate the association of occupation and occupational activities with radiographic spondylolisthesis among a population sample of older adults in the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). […] That occupation and occupational factors are associated with an increased risk of radiographic spondylolisthesis. […] The results of this study suggest that cases reported a more than doubling of the risk of exposure to occupational driving 4h/day (adjusted OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.085.27) in unstratified analyses. […] Spondylolisthesis cases were more likely to report exposure to driving 4h/day in the stratified analyses but these did not attain statistical significance. […] We have shown that occupational driving and working in the Agricultural/Fishery industries is associated with spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional study.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis, Spondylolysis, and Spondylosis: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1266860-overview

  Spondylolysis is seen in approximately 6% of the adult population but can be more frequent among adolescent athletes. The incidence is higher among athletes playing sports that require increased spine motion and lumbar extension, such as gymnastics, dance, American football (the lineman position in particular), wrestling, and diving. Spondylolysis is two to three times more common in males than females. […] Dysplastic spondylolisthesis is more common in the pediatric population, with an estimated prevalence of 6-7% by the age of 18 years. Dysplastic spondylolisthesis is more common in females. Ninety-four percent of these cases are associated with spina bifida occulta. […] The incidence of the isthmic type (see Etiology) of spondylolisthesis is higher in the young adult population, with males more commonly affected than females. However, symptoms of isthmic spondylolisthesis may develop in adulthood. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs mainly in adults and is more common in females than males. As many as 5.8% of men and 9.1% of women are believed to have this type of olisthesis. It occurs most frequently at the L4-L5 level. […] Grade I spondylolisthesis accounts for 75% of all cases.

• #1 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

  https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spondylolisthesis/degenerative-spondylolisthesis

  Degenerative spondylolisthesis is attributed to age-related changes that can disrupt spinal alignment. […] Research indicates that 10% to 15% of individuals seeking treatment for degenerative spondylolisthesis eventually opt for surgical treatment. […] Wang YXJ, Kplr Z, Deng M, Leung JCS. Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis epidemiology: A systematic review with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific prevalence. J Orthop Translat. 2016;11:39-52. Published 2016 Dec 1. doi:10.1016/j.jot.2016.11.001. […] The degree of degenerative spondylolisthesis may increase over time. […] Because these mechanisms are relatively effective, the degree of degenerative spondylolisthesis is typically small. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is typically not a serious condition. […] Any changes in bowel or bladder function, such as difficulty controlling or emptying the bladder, bowel incontinence, or numbness in the genital area, is a medical emergency. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis commonly occurs in the low back and is relatively rare in other parts of the spine.

• #1 Spondylolisthesis Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/spondylolisthesis-market

  The 7 major spondylolisthesis markets reached a value of US$ 17.7 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the 7MM to reach US$ 29.5 Billion by 2034, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 4.79% during 2024-2034. […] The rising cases of bone fractures or cracks which weaken the vertebrae, thereby enhancing their likelihood of slipping forward, backward, or over a bone below, are primarily driving the spondylolisthesis market. In addition to this, the expanding geriatric population, who are more prone to degenerative spine conditions due to wear and tear on the spine, is also bolstering the market growth. […] IMARC Group’s new report provides an exhaustive analysis of the spondylolisthesis market in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France), United Kingdom, and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/jspinaldisorders/fulltext/2024/08000/epidemiology_of_spondylolisthesis__a_nationwide.9.aspx

  Epidemiological study. […] This study aimed to evaluate the annual incidence of spondylolisthesis requiring surgery in Italy and the epidemiological characteristics of the patients. […] A total of 55,804 hospital admissions for spondylolisthesis were performed in Italy. The cumulative incidence was 6.8 interventions for every 100,000 Italian adult residents. […] Spondylolisthesis is a problem in Italy and a leading cause requiring spine surgery. Females were the majority of patients requiring surgery for spondylolisthesis. […] The socioeconomic impact of spondylolisthesis in Italy is relevant, affecting patients still in the working population. The increasing trend of spine surgery for spondylolisthesis in Italy may be attributable to the widespread diffusion of modern diagnostic and surgical technologies.

• #1 Prevalence of cervical anterior and posterior spondylolisthesis and its association with degenerative cervical myelopathy in a general population | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67239-4

  The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of cervical spondylolisthesis according to age and vertebral level and its association with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). […] The prevalence of cervical anterior and posterior spondylolisthesis was investigated in men and women by age. […] The prevalence of anterior spondylolisthesis was 6.0% in men and 6.3% in women, and that of posterior spondylolisthesis was 13.2% and 8.9%, respectively. […] In addition, posterior spondylolisthesis prevalence increased with age in both sexes. […] The prevalence of degenerative cervical posterior spondylolisthesis was increasing with age and more frequent in men than in women. […] This study elucidated the prevalence of cervical spondylolisthesis according to sex, age and vertebral level and its association with DCM in a Japanese population. […] Narrow canal and degenerative cervical posterior spondylolisthesis on X-ray may be useful in predicting or diagnosing DCM.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spondylolisthesis-1?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2527%255b0%255d%2527%255b0%255dfavicon.ico&lang=us

  The incidence of spondylolisthesis in childhood is ~5%, mostly due to spondylolysis. Incidence increases in adulthood to ~12.5% (range 10-15%), mostly due to degenerative change 9.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/spondylolisthesis/

  Spondylolisthesis is a condition that affects up to 10% of the population. […] Most common in children and adolescents (congenital and isthmic spondylolisthesis) and adults aged 50 years (degenerative spondylolisthesis). […] Defect most commonly occurs in the lumbar spine (typically L5-S1 in isthmic spondylolisthesis, L4-L5 in degenerative spondylolisthesis).

• #2 Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis epidemiology: A systematic review with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific prevalence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5866399/

  The existing data also suggest that menopause may be a contributing factor for the accelerated development of DS in postmenopausal women. […] The published epidemiological data on DS varies greatly one from another. The prevalence, F:M prevalence ratio, and risk factors remain controversial. […] Our literature review shows DS is strongly age-specific and gender-specific, and it is relatively rare before 50 years of age. […] The prevalence of DS is very gender-specific and age-specific. Both women and men have a low incidence of DS before 50 years of age. After 50 years, both women and men start to develop DS, with women beginning to develop DS at a faster rate than men. […] Elderly Caucasian Americans have a higher DS prevalence, being approximately 60% to 70% higher, than elderly Chinese. The female:male prevalence ratio is estimated to be around 1.3:1. Further studies on DS epidemiology should report gender-specific and age-specific information to allow better interstudy comparison and data synthesis.

• #2 Degenerative spondylolisthesis I: general principles

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2306-41022020000500324

  Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis is the result of the progression from degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc and facet joints that lead to destabilizing one or more vertebral segments. […] It is a pathology typical of elderly patients that predominate in women with a ratio of 5:1 compared to men; the most affected segment is L4-L5, the listhesis rarely exceeds 30% slip. […] Since its description, degenerative spondylolisthesis has been the subject of multiple studies. While controversies continue regarding its pathogenesis, some aspects are notable: it is rarely found in people under 50 years, the female-to-male ratio of 5:1, black women are three times more affected by this pathology than Caucasian females. […] A comprehensive review was conducted in 2007 by Jacobsen et al. in the database of Copenhagen osteoarthritis study, where records have been made since 1976 involving 4,151 patients between 22 and 93 years of age to determine the age and sex distribution of degenerative spondylolisthesis in the general population.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis, Spondylolysis, and Spondylosis: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1266860-overview

  Spondylolysis is seen in approximately 6% of the adult population but can be more frequent among adolescent athletes. The incidence is higher among athletes playing sports that require increased spine motion and lumbar extension, such as gymnastics, dance, American football (the lineman position in particular), wrestling, and diving. Spondylolysis is two to three times more common in males than females. […] Dysplastic spondylolisthesis is more common in the pediatric population, with an estimated prevalence of 6-7% by the age of 18 years. Dysplastic spondylolisthesis is more common in females. Ninety-four percent of these cases are associated with spina bifida occulta. […] The incidence of the isthmic type (see Etiology) of spondylolisthesis is higher in the young adult population, with males more commonly affected than females. However, symptoms of isthmic spondylolisthesis may develop in adulthood. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis occurs mainly in adults and is more common in females than males. As many as 5.8% of men and 9.1% of women are believed to have this type of olisthesis. It occurs most frequently at the L4-L5 level. […] Grade I spondylolisthesis accounts for 75% of all cases.

• #2 [1610.06608] Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis epidemiology: a systemic review with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific prevalence

  https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.06608

  The epidemiology of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) remains controversial. […] The results showed the prevalence of DS is very gender specific and age specific. […] Both women and men have few DS before 50 years old, after 50 years old both women and men start to develop DS, with women having a faster developing rate than men. […] For elderly Chinese (=65 yrs, mean age: 72.5 yrs), large population based studies (MsOS(Hong Kong) and MrOS (Hong Kong), females n=2000 and males n=2000) showed DS prevalence was for 25.0% for women and 19.1% for men, and the prevalence F:M (women:men) ratio was 1.3:1. […] The published data (MsOS(USA) and MrOS(USA) studies) seem to show elderly Caucasian American has a higher DS prevalence, being approximately 60-70% higher than elderly Chinese; however the prevalence F:M ratio was similar to elderly Chinese population. […] The existing data also suggest that menopause may be a contributing factor for the accelerated DS development in post-menopausal.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/spondylolisthesis-epidemiology-and-assessment/

  Prevalence of spondylolisthesis increased with increasing age. […] In athletes with persistent back pain, isthmic spondylolisthesis is noted in up to 50%. […] The prevalence slightly increases by age 18 to 6%. […] It is believed that repetitive motion leads to the higher prevalence of spondylolisthesis seen in athletes. […] A fourfold increase in spondylolisthesis was noted in helicopter pilots in comparison to transport pilots and cadets, suggesting that repetitive minor stress and vibrational force, without acute fracture, can cause lumbar spondylolisthesis. […] An overall incidence of spondylolisthesis was 4.4% in a group of 500 6-year-olds and it progressed to 6% by adulthood in the same population. […] An overall incidence of spondylolisthesis 8.02% was noted in a group of 3152 athletes evaluated by Soler and Calderon.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis: Epidemiology and Assessment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/spondylolisthesis-epidemiology-and-assessment/

  Spondylolisthesis is classified based on the etiology of the slippage of the vertebra. […] The pars interarticularis is the pivotal point where the maximum stress concentration is located. […] In the lumbar spine, isthmic spondylolisthesis occurs with the following frequencies: at the L5S1 level (82.1%), L45 level (11.3%), L34 level (0.5%), L23 level (0.3%), and other levels (5.8%). […] White men appear to have the highest prevalence (6.4%) and black women the lowest (1.1%). […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is second in frequency only to isthmic spondylolisthesis and is believed to be due to intersegmental instability. […] In degenerative spondylolisthesis, Vogt et al. noted in radiographs of 788 white women with a mean age of 71.5 years that 73% of the spondylolisthesis was located at L45, 28% at the L5S1 level, followed by 12% at L34 level (10% of patients had multilevel listhesis).

• #2 Spondylolisthesis | Published in Orthopedic Reviews

  https://orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/36917-spondylolisthesis

  In contrast to isthmic spondylolisthesis, degenerative spondylolisthesis is most commonly seen in adults, with increased risk associated with progression of age. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is almost six times more common in females than males. […] In a prospective study of 142 women, Aono et al. reported that 12.7% of previously healthy women developed degenerative spondylolisthesis over a period of 8 years.

• #2 Section 15 Chapter 1: Degenerative Spondylolisthesis – Pathogenesis, Natural History and Classifications : Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics

  https://www.wheelessonline.com/issls/section-15-chapter-1-degenerative-spondylolisthesis-pathogenesis-natural-history-and-classifications/

  Degenerative spondylolisthesis mostly occurs in middle-aged or older patients, usually over 50 years of age. The prevalence of degenerative spondylolisthesis varies from 6 to 9% in the general population. It has further been reported to be five times more common in women as in men. Pregnancy, generalized joint laxity and increase in BMI are also predisposing factors. […] The natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is generally favorable. In a study of 145 non-surgically managed patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, followed annually for a minimum of 10 years, a progression of vertebral slippage was observed in 34% of the patients. However, no correlation between changes in clinical symptoms and progression of spondylolisthesis was observed and low back pain improved following a decrease in the total intervertebral space size. […] This study is in agreement with the NASS consensus statement presented in 2014 on the natural history of DS, where it was concluded that the majority of patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and an absence of neurologic deficits will do well with conservative care.

• #2 Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2994-1

  Therefore, we carried out a case-control study to investigate the association of occupation and occupational activities with radiographic spondylolisthesis among a population sample of older adults in the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). […] That occupation and occupational factors are associated with an increased risk of radiographic spondylolisthesis. […] The results of this study suggest that cases reported a more than doubling of the risk of exposure to occupational driving 4h/day (adjusted OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.085.27) in unstratified analyses. […] Spondylolisthesis cases were more likely to report exposure to driving 4h/day in the stratified analyses but these did not attain statistical significance. […] We have shown that occupational driving and working in the Agricultural/Fishery industries is associated with spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional study.

• #2 Spondylolisthesis – Pure Physiotherapy

  https://purephysiotherapy.co.uk/conditions/spondylolisthesis/

  Spondylolisthesis is graded from 1-4. Grade 1 represents over 75% of cases and is the mildest form of the condition, often with very minimal symptoms. […] Research evidence suggests between 3.6%-18% of people may have a spondylolisthesis, but only a small percentage may cause back pain. […] 75% of cases are classified as Grade 1 with only a mild change in the vertebraes position and are therefore less likely to get worse over time. […] A degenerative spondylolisthesis (due to the normal ageing process of the spinal column) is more common in women than men. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is also more common in those aged over 50. […] Evidence suggests between 3.6%-18% of the general population may have a spondylolisthesis on imaging. However, as mentioned above, the vast majority of these will not cause pain. 75% of cases are considered Grade 1 which is the mildest/least severe grade seen.

• #2 Degenerative spondylolisthesis I: general principles

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2306-41022020000500324

  The results show that women have a higher risk of suffering from L3 and L4 spondylolisthesis compared to men, and there was no difference in the prevalence of L5 spondylolisthesis. […] The average age of men with spondylolisthesis was 68 years old and in women was 71 years old. […] Degenerative spondylolisthesis is considered a disease of aging, the main reasons that lead to the development of a degenerative spinal slip are: disc degeneration, malfunction of the stabilizing component of the ligaments, osteoarthritis of the facet joints with loss of their normal structural support, ineffective muscle stabilization. […] The natural history of spondylolisthesis is favorable in its prognosis. Only 10 to 15% of patients asking for medical attention go to surgery. […] In a long-term follow-up study of 145 patients with spondylolisthesis managed without surgery, listhesis progression was observed in 34%. […] 76% of the patients without neurological deficit remained symptom-free in a 10-year follow-up.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/jspinaldisorders/fulltext/2024/08000/epidemiology_of_spondylolisthesis__a_nationwide.9.aspx

  Epidemiological study. […] This study aimed to evaluate the annual incidence of spondylolisthesis requiring surgery in Italy and the epidemiological characteristics of the patients. […] A total of 55,804 hospital admissions for spondylolisthesis were performed in Italy. The cumulative incidence was 6.8 interventions for every 100,000 Italian adult residents. […] Spondylolisthesis is a problem in Italy and a leading cause requiring spine surgery. Females were the majority of patients requiring surgery for spondylolisthesis. […] The socioeconomic impact of spondylolisthesis in Italy is relevant, affecting patients still in the working population. The increasing trend of spine surgery for spondylolisthesis in Italy may be attributable to the widespread diffusion of modern diagnostic and surgical technologies.

• #2 Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Market Report & Trends 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/lumbar-spondylolisthesis-market

  According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for lumbar spondylolisthesis and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] Historical, current, and future epidemiology scenario […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2019-2035) of lumbar spondylolisthesis across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the lumbar spondylolisthesis patient pool (2019-2024) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2025-2035) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of lumbar spondylolisthesis? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #2 Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2994-1

  To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). […] Spondylolisthesis describes the anterior or posterior migration, or slip, of one vertebra in relation to the next caudal vertebra. […] It has been demonstrated that the severity of radiographic changes is associated with the risk of symptoms of pain and disability. […] An incidence rate as high as 4.1% has been estimated in the general population. […] From a public health perspective, understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for this condition could enable us to understand factors which determine longitudinal progression and facilitate the development of preventive strategies to reduce the impact of this disabling condition.

• #3 Spondylolisthesis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spondylolisthesis-1?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2527%255b0%255d%2527%255b0%255dfavicon.ico&lang=us

  The incidence of spondylolisthesis in childhood is ~5%, mostly due to spondylolysis. Incidence increases in adulthood to ~12.5% (range 10-15%), mostly due to degenerative change 9.

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