Rak wargi
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rak płaskonabłonkowy wargi (LSCC) charakteryzuje się stosunkowo dobrym rokowaniem w porównaniu z innymi nowotworami głowy i szyi, z 10-letnim przeżyciem specyficznym dla choroby sięgającym nawet 98% oraz przeżyciem bez nawrotu powyżej 90%. Według danych SEER z lat 2011-2017, 5-letnie względne wskaźniki przeżycia wynoszą 93,2% dla stadium lokalnego, 64,9% dla regionalnego oraz 32,6% dla odległego, a dla wszystkich stadiów łącznie 90,9%. Po leczeniu chirurgicznym obserwuje się przeżycie bez progresji (PFS) na poziomie 88,4%, 70,1% i 57,8% odpowiednio po 1, 3 i 5 latach, a całkowite przeżycie (OS) wynosi 94,6%, 76,9% i 69,4%. Kluczowymi czynnikami prognostycznymi wpływającymi na PFS i OS są wiek ≥70 lat, stopień zróżnicowania histologicznego, stadium według AJCC (szczególnie stadium IV), wskaźnik układowej immunozapalnej (SII), indeks chorób współistniejących Charlsona skorygowany wiekiem (ACCI ≥5) oraz margines chirurgiczny ≥5 mm, który koreluje z lepszym rokowaniem.

  1. Rak wargi – rokowanie (prognoza wyników leczenia)
    1. Wskaźniki przeżycia w raku wargi
    2. Czynniki prognostyczne w raku wargi
    3. Wpływ radioterapii adjuwantowej na rokowanie
    4. Inne istotne czynniki wpływające na rokowanie
    5. Dane dotyczące przeżycia specyficznego dla choroby
    6. Modele prognostyczne w raku wargi
    7. Kolejne rozdziały

Rak wargi – rokowanie (prognoza wyników leczenia)

Rak płaskonabłonkowy wargi (LSCC – Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma) jest jednym z najczęstszych typów nowotworów głowy i szyi. Na szczęście pozostaje jednym z najbardziej uleczalnych nowotworów złośliwych w obrębie głowy i szyi. 10-letnie przeżycie specyficzne dla przyczyny (cause-specific survival) może wynosić nawet 98%, a przeżycie bez nawrotu choroby przekracza 90%. 1

Wskaźniki przeżycia w raku wargi

Wskaźniki przeżycia mogą dać pojęcie o odsetku osób z tym samym typem i stadium nowotworu, które nadal żyją po określonym czasie (zwykle 5 lat) od diagnozy. Należy jednak pamiętać, że są to szacunki oparte na wcześniejszych wynikach dużej liczby osób z określonym typem raka i nie mogą przewidzieć, co stanie się w przypadku konkretnej osoby. 2

Według bazy danych SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), która śledzi 5-letnie względne wskaźniki przeżycia dla nowotworów jamy ustnej i części ustnej gardła w Stanach Zjednoczonych, 5-letnie wskaźniki przeżycia względnego dla raka wargi wynoszą: 3

  • Zlokalizowany (brak oznak rozprzestrzenienia się nowotworu poza narząd, w którym się rozpoczął): 94% 4
  • Regionalny (nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się na pobliskie struktury lub węzły chłonne): 63% 5
  • Odległy (nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się do odległych części ciała, takich jak płuca): 38% 6
  • Wszystkie stadia SEER łącznie: 91% 7

Według nowszych danych SEER dla lat 2011-2017, pięcioletnie względne wskaźniki przeżycia dla raka wargi na poszczególnych etapach wynoszą: 8

  • Lokalny: 93,2%
  • Regionalny: 64,9%
  • Odległy: 32,6%
  • Wszystkie stadia łącznie: 90,9%

Dane z innych badań wskazują, że 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia dla wczesnego stadium raka jamy ustnej wynosi około 90%, znacząco spadając do 30% dla diagnoz w późnym stadium. 9

Czynniki prognostyczne w raku wargi

Wyniki badań pacjentów z rakiem płaskonabłonkowym wargi po leczeniu chirurgicznym wskazują na szereg istotnych czynników prognostycznych. Przeżycie bez progresji choroby (PFS) po 1, 3 i 5 latach u pacjentów po operacji LSCC wynosiło odpowiednio 88,4%, 70,1% i 57,8%. Podobnie całkowite przeżycie (OS) po 1, 3 i 5 latach wynosiło odpowiednio 94,6%, 76,9% i 69,4%. 10

Niezależnymi czynnikami predykcyjnymi związanymi z przeżyciem bez progresji (PFS) są: 11

  • Wiek w momencie diagnozy ≥70 lat (HR=2,986, 95% CI=1,780-5,009, P=0,001)
  • Stopień zróżnicowania nowotworu (umiarkowane zróżnicowanie: HR=1,895, 95% CI=1,078-3,332, P=0,026; słabe zróżnicowanie: HR=2,688, 95% CI=1,447-4,995, P=0,002)
  • Stadium według AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) IV (HR=3,814, 95% CI=1,682-8,651, P=0,001)
  • Wskaźnik układowej immunozapalnej (SII) (HR=1,000, 95% CI=1,000-1,001, P=0,013)
  • Indeks chorób współistniejących Charlsona skorygowany wiekiem (ACCI) ≥5 (HR=1,731, 95% CI=1,075-2,788, P=0,024)
  • Margines chirurgiczny ≥5 (HR=0,523, 95% CI=0,282-0,970, P=0,04)

Niezależnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi związanymi z całkowitym przeżyciem (OS) są: 12

  • Wiek w momencie diagnozy ≥70 lat (HR=2,334, 95% CI=1,382-3,976, P=0,002)
  • Stadium AJCC IV (HR=3,841, 95% CI=1,516-9,734, P=0,005)
  • Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) (1: HR=1,986, 95% CI=1,020-3,864, P=0,043; 2: HR=2,127, 95% CI=1,070-4,229, P=0,003)
  • SII (HR=1,000, 95% CI=1,000-1,001, P=0,003)
  • ACCI ≥5 (HR=2,402, 95% CI=1,403-4,111, P=0,001)

Wpływ radioterapii adjuwantowej na rokowanie

U pacjentów z LSCC, którzy przeszli adjuwantową radioterapię, całkowite przeżycie (OS) (P=0,016) i przeżycie bez progresji (PFS) (P=0,018) były znacząco poprawione w podgrupie ze stadiami AJCC III-IV i ACCI ≥5. 13

Inne istotne czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Rokowanie i przeżycie zależą od wielu czynników. Tylko lekarz znający historię medyczną pacjenta, typ i stadium raka oraz inne cechy nowotworu, wybrane metody leczenia i odpowiedź na leczenie może połączyć wszystkie te informacje ze statystykami przeżycia, aby określić rokowanie. 14

Do najważniejszych czynników prognostycznych należą: 15

  • Stadium zaawansowania – jest najważniejszym czynnikiem wpływającym na szansę wyleczenia pacjenta. Im niższe stadium, tym lepsze rokowanie. 16
  • Grubość guza – cienki guz ma lepsze rokowanie. Grubszy guz ma wyższe ryzyko nawrotu w tym samym miejscu (nawrót miejscowy). Grubsze guzy są również bardziej podatne na rozprzestrzenianie się do węzłów chłonnych. 17
  • Marginesy chirurgiczne – zdolność do całkowitego usunięcia guza z marginesem zdrowej tkanki wokół niego może być bardzo ważnym czynnikiem wpływającym na rokowanie pacjenta. Guzy z ujemnymi marginesami chirurgicznymi mają lepsze rokowanie. 18 19
  • Inwazja okołonerwowa – gdy rak jamy ustnej wrósł w nerw, wokół niego lub wzdłuż niego (tzw. inwazja okołonerwowa), rokowanie może być gorsze. 20
  • Inwazja naczyniowa – gdy rak jamy ustnej rozprzestrzenił się do naczyń krwionośnych (tzw. inwazja naczyniowa), może to zwiększyć ryzyko rozprzestrzeniania się w całym ciele. Nowotwór, który rozprzestrzenił się w całym ciele, ma gorsze rokowanie. 21
  • Zajęcie węzłów chłonnych – rak jamy ustnej, który rozprzestrzenił się do węzłów chłonnych, ma gorsze rokowanie. Im więcej węzłów chłonnych dotkniętych nowotworem, tym wyższe ryzyko rozprzestrzeniania się odległego lub przerzutów. Jeśli nowotwór rozrasta się poza ścianę węzła chłonnego (tzw. rozrost pozatorebkowy), rokowanie jest również gorsze. 22
  • Lokalizacja nowotworu – rokowanie może również zależeć od lokalizacji raka jamy ustnej. 23
  • Rozprzestrzenianie się do skóry, dużych nerwów i kości – wykazano, że wskazuje na gorsze rokowanie. 24

Dane dotyczące przeżycia specyficznego dla choroby

Szacunkowe przeżycie specyficzne dla choroby (Disease-Specific Survival) to odsetek osób z określonym nowotworem, które żyją w danym momencie, na przykład pięć lat po diagnozie. Wyklucza osoby, które mogły umrzeć z powodu choroby innej niż ich nowotwór. Jest to prawdopodobnie najlepsze oszacowanie rokowania określonego typu raka na każdym etapie, jakie mamy w dużych krajowych bazach danych. 25

Stadium 5-letnie przeżycie specyficzne dla choroby 10-letnie przeżycie całkowite
I 96% 90%
II 83% 73%
III 57% 56%
IV 48% 40%

Modele prognostyczne w raku wargi

W badaniach nad rakiem płaskonabłonkowym jamy ustnej (OSCC) wykazano, że model czasu przyspieszonej awarii (AFT – accelerated failure time model) zapewnia względnie dokładną metodę przewidywania rokowania pacjentów z OSCC i jest zalecany zamiast modelu Cox PH ze względu na jego doskonalsze możliwości predykcyjne. Badania te podkreślają również znaczenie stosowania zaawansowanych modeli statystycznych w celu poprawy przewidywań przeżycia i wyników leczenia pacjentów z rakiem. 26

Model TIGHLD AFT wykazuje lepsze dopasowanie modelu w porównaniu z innymi modelami, o czym świadczą najniższe wartości AIC (27370) i BIC (27415). Pod względem dokładności przewidywania, model TIGHLD ma najwyższy indeks C (0,780) i najniższy RMSE (1,209) wśród modeli, co wskazuje na lepszą dokładność predykcyjną w czasach przeżycia. 27

W badaniach zidentyfikowano szereg istotnych czynników kliniczno-patologicznych związanych z układem odpornościowym, zapaleniem i chorobami współistniejącymi, które są związane z rokowaniem pacjentów z LSCC po operacji. Te dane mogą być pomocne dla pacjentów i chirurgów, aby zwrócić większą uwagę na odżywianie, stan zapalny i powikłania, co w rezultacie prowadzi do lepszego rokowania. 28

Należy zauważyć, że rokowanie różni się w zależności od tego, jak daleko zaawansowany jest nowotwór. Generalnie choroba, która została wykryta i leczona wcześnie, lub gdy guz jest mały, ma lepsze wyniki niż nowotwór, który rozrósł się i rozprzestrzenił. 29

Osoby, u których obecnie diagnozuje się raka jamy ustnej lub części ustnej gardła, mogą mieć lepsze perspektywy niż pokazują te liczby. Leczenie z czasem się poprawia, a te liczby są oparte na osobach, które zostały zdiagnozowane i leczone co najmniej 5 lat wcześniej. 30

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  1. 12.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1
    https://med.uth.edu/orl/2009/12/11/lip-cancer/
    Fortunately, lip cancer remains one of the most curable malignancies in the head and neck. The 10 year cause specific survival can be as high as 98% and recurrence free survival is greater than 90%. […] Tumors that are neglected may portend a worse prognosis and progressively involve the skin of the mentum, alveolar mucosa, mandible, floor of mouth, and tongue, as well as locoregional nodal and distant metastasis.
  • #2 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time (usually 5 years) after they were diagnosed. […] Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they cant predict what will happen in any particular persons case. […] The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. […] These numbers are based on people diagnosed with cancers of the oral cavity (mouth) or oropharynx (the part of the throat behind the mouth) between 2012 and 2018. […] Localized: There is no sign the cancer has spread outside the organ where it started (for example, the lip, tongue, or floor of mouth).
  • #3 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
  • #4 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
  • #5 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
  • #6 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
  • #7 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
  • #8 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Survival Rate
    https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/types/lip-cancer
    A persistent sore or lump on your lip may be an early symptom of lip cancer, a type of oral cancer. […] Prognosis varies depending on how far your cancer has advanced. Generally, a disease thats caught and treated early, or when a tumor is small, has better outcomes than cancer that has grown and spread. […] The overall five-year relative survival rate, the percentage of people expected to be alive five years after diagnosis, is compared with other cancers below. […] For lip cancer, SEER gives the five-year relative survival rates per stage for the years 2011-2017 as: Local: 93.2 percent, Regional: 64.9 percent, Distant: 32.6 percent, All stages combined: 90.9 percent.
  • #9 Development and validation of accelerated failure time model for cause-specific survival and prognostication of oral squamous cell carcinoma: SEER data analysis | PLOS One
    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0309214
    Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancies affecting the oral cavity. Despite progress in studies and treatment options its outlook remains grim with survival prospects greatly affected by demographic and clinical factors. Precisely predicting survival rates and prognosis plays a role in making treatment choices for the best achievable overall health outcomes. […] The accelerated failure time model provides a relatively accurate method to predict the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and is recommended over the Cox PH model for its superior predictive capabilities. This study also underscores the importance of using advanced statistical models to improve survival predictions and outcomes for cancer patients. […] The 5-year survival rate for early-stage ORSCC is approximately 90%, dropping significantly to 30% for late-stage diagnoses.
  • #10 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma after surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
    https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-024-03313-9
    Lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) was one of the most common cancer types of head and neck tumors. This study aimed to find more predictors of the prognosis in postoperative LSCC patients. […] The 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS of postoperative LSCC patients were 88.4%, 70.1%, and 57.8%, respectively. Similarly, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of postoperative LSCC patients were 94.6%, 76.9%, and 69.4%, respectively. […] The results suggested that postoperative LSCC patients with age at diagnosis70 years, grade with moderate or poor differentiate, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV, higher systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), surgical margin5, and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI)5 tend to have a poorer PFS (all P0.05). Besides, postoperative LSCC patients with age at diagnosis70 years, AJCC stage IV, higher GPS, higher SII, and ACCI5 tend to have a worse OS (all P0.05).
  • #11 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma after surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
    https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-024-03313-9
    We identified a series of significant immune-inflammation-related and comorbidity-related clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of postoperative LSCC patients by local data from two tertiary care institutions in China, which can be helpful for patients and surgeons to pay more attention to nutrition, inflammation, and complications and finally obtained a better prognosis. […] The independent predictors related to PFS were as follows: age at diagnosis [70 years: hazard ratio (HR)=2.986 (95% confidential interval (CI)=1.7805.009), P=0.001], grade [moderate differentiate: HR=1.895 (95% CI=1.0783.332), P=0.026; poor differentiate: HR=2.688 (95% CI=1.4474.995), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.814 (95% CI=1.6828.651), P=0.001], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.013], ACCI [5: HR=1.731 (95% CI=1.0752.788), P=0.024], surgical margin [5: HR=0.523 (95% CI=0.2820.970), P=0.04]. The independent prognostic factors related to OS include the following: age at diagnosis [70: HR=2.334 (95% CI=1.3823.976), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.841 (95% CI=1.5169.734), P=0.005], GPS [1: HR=1.986 (95% CI=1.0203.864), P=0.043; 2: HR=2.127 (95% CI=1.0704.229), P=0.003], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.003], ACCI [5: HR=2.402 (95% CI=1.4034.111), P=0.001]. […] For LSCC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, the OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.018) were significantly improved in subgroup of AJCC stages IIIIV and ACCI5.
  • #12 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma after surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
    https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-024-03313-9
    We identified a series of significant immune-inflammation-related and comorbidity-related clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of postoperative LSCC patients by local data from two tertiary care institutions in China, which can be helpful for patients and surgeons to pay more attention to nutrition, inflammation, and complications and finally obtained a better prognosis. […] The independent predictors related to PFS were as follows: age at diagnosis [70 years: hazard ratio (HR)=2.986 (95% confidential interval (CI)=1.7805.009), P=0.001], grade [moderate differentiate: HR=1.895 (95% CI=1.0783.332), P=0.026; poor differentiate: HR=2.688 (95% CI=1.4474.995), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.814 (95% CI=1.6828.651), P=0.001], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.013], ACCI [5: HR=1.731 (95% CI=1.0752.788), P=0.024], surgical margin [5: HR=0.523 (95% CI=0.2820.970), P=0.04]. The independent prognostic factors related to OS include the following: age at diagnosis [70: HR=2.334 (95% CI=1.3823.976), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.841 (95% CI=1.5169.734), P=0.005], GPS [1: HR=1.986 (95% CI=1.0203.864), P=0.043; 2: HR=2.127 (95% CI=1.0704.229), P=0.003], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.003], ACCI [5: HR=2.402 (95% CI=1.4034.111), P=0.001]. […] For LSCC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, the OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.018) were significantly improved in subgroup of AJCC stages IIIIV and ACCI5.
  • #13 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma after surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
    https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-024-03313-9
    We identified a series of significant immune-inflammation-related and comorbidity-related clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of postoperative LSCC patients by local data from two tertiary care institutions in China, which can be helpful for patients and surgeons to pay more attention to nutrition, inflammation, and complications and finally obtained a better prognosis. […] The independent predictors related to PFS were as follows: age at diagnosis [70 years: hazard ratio (HR)=2.986 (95% confidential interval (CI)=1.7805.009), P=0.001], grade [moderate differentiate: HR=1.895 (95% CI=1.0783.332), P=0.026; poor differentiate: HR=2.688 (95% CI=1.4474.995), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.814 (95% CI=1.6828.651), P=0.001], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.013], ACCI [5: HR=1.731 (95% CI=1.0752.788), P=0.024], surgical margin [5: HR=0.523 (95% CI=0.2820.970), P=0.04]. The independent prognostic factors related to OS include the following: age at diagnosis [70: HR=2.334 (95% CI=1.3823.976), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.841 (95% CI=1.5169.734), P=0.005], GPS [1: HR=1.986 (95% CI=1.0203.864), P=0.043; 2: HR=2.127 (95% CI=1.0704.229), P=0.003], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.003], ACCI [5: HR=2.402 (95% CI=1.4034.111), P=0.001]. […] For LSCC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, the OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.018) were significantly improved in subgroup of AJCC stages IIIIV and ACCI5.
  • #14 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have oral cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The stage of oral cancer is an important prognostic factor. The lower the stage, the better the prognosis. […] Tumour thickness is also an important prognostic factor. A thin tumour has a better prognosis. A thicker tumour has a higher risk of coming back (recurring) in the same place (local recurrence). Thicker tumours are also more likely to have spread to the lymph nodes.
  • #15 Learn About Lip Cancer ‣ Prognosis
    https://thancguide.org/cancer-types/oral/lip/prognosis/
    A prognosis is a prediction of the outcome of ones disease. How likely is survival? Will the cancer come back? These are the big questions on most peoples minds after receiving a diagnosis of lip cancer. In general, there are several characteristics of the tumor that can inform a patient about their chances of being cured. […] Stage is the most important factor that affects a patients chance of being cured. […] The ability to completely remove the tumor with a margin of normal tissue around it can be a very important factor in a patients prognosis. […] Spread into large nerves, skin, and bone has been shown to indicate a worse prognosis. […] While each of these factors contributes to the overall outcome, patients should have a discussion with their doctors to determine their overall prognosis.
  • #16 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have oral cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The stage of oral cancer is an important prognostic factor. The lower the stage, the better the prognosis. […] Tumour thickness is also an important prognostic factor. A thin tumour has a better prognosis. A thicker tumour has a higher risk of coming back (recurring) in the same place (local recurrence). Thicker tumours are also more likely to have spread to the lymph nodes.
  • #17 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have oral cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] The stage of oral cancer is an important prognostic factor. The lower the stage, the better the prognosis. […] Tumour thickness is also an important prognostic factor. A thin tumour has a better prognosis. A thicker tumour has a higher risk of coming back (recurring) in the same place (local recurrence). Thicker tumours are also more likely to have spread to the lymph nodes.
  • #18 Learn About Lip Cancer ‣ Prognosis
    https://thancguide.org/cancer-types/oral/lip/prognosis/
    A prognosis is a prediction of the outcome of ones disease. How likely is survival? Will the cancer come back? These are the big questions on most peoples minds after receiving a diagnosis of lip cancer. In general, there are several characteristics of the tumor that can inform a patient about their chances of being cured. […] Stage is the most important factor that affects a patients chance of being cured. […] The ability to completely remove the tumor with a margin of normal tissue around it can be a very important factor in a patients prognosis. […] Spread into large nerves, skin, and bone has been shown to indicate a worse prognosis. […] While each of these factors contributes to the overall outcome, patients should have a discussion with their doctors to determine their overall prognosis.
  • #19 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    Tumours with negative surgical margins have a better prognosis. […] When oral cancer has grown into, around or along a nerve (called perineural invasion) the prognosis may be poorer. […] When oral cancer has spread to blood vessels (called vascular invasion) it may increase the risk of spread throughout the body. Cancer that has spread throughout the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Oral cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes has a poorer prognosis. The more lymph nodes the cancer reaches, the higher the risk of distant spread or metastasis. If cancer grows beyond the wall of a lymph node (called extracapsular extension), the prognosis is also poorer. […] Prognosis can also depend on the location of the oral cancer. […] Survival will vary with each stage of oral cancer. It usually responds well to treatment.
  • #20 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    Tumours with negative surgical margins have a better prognosis. […] When oral cancer has grown into, around or along a nerve (called perineural invasion) the prognosis may be poorer. […] When oral cancer has spread to blood vessels (called vascular invasion) it may increase the risk of spread throughout the body. Cancer that has spread throughout the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Oral cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes has a poorer prognosis. The more lymph nodes the cancer reaches, the higher the risk of distant spread or metastasis. If cancer grows beyond the wall of a lymph node (called extracapsular extension), the prognosis is also poorer. […] Prognosis can also depend on the location of the oral cancer. […] Survival will vary with each stage of oral cancer. It usually responds well to treatment.
  • #21 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    Tumours with negative surgical margins have a better prognosis. […] When oral cancer has grown into, around or along a nerve (called perineural invasion) the prognosis may be poorer. […] When oral cancer has spread to blood vessels (called vascular invasion) it may increase the risk of spread throughout the body. Cancer that has spread throughout the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Oral cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes has a poorer prognosis. The more lymph nodes the cancer reaches, the higher the risk of distant spread or metastasis. If cancer grows beyond the wall of a lymph node (called extracapsular extension), the prognosis is also poorer. […] Prognosis can also depend on the location of the oral cancer. […] Survival will vary with each stage of oral cancer. It usually responds well to treatment.
  • #22 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    Tumours with negative surgical margins have a better prognosis. […] When oral cancer has grown into, around or along a nerve (called perineural invasion) the prognosis may be poorer. […] When oral cancer has spread to blood vessels (called vascular invasion) it may increase the risk of spread throughout the body. Cancer that has spread throughout the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Oral cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes has a poorer prognosis. The more lymph nodes the cancer reaches, the higher the risk of distant spread or metastasis. If cancer grows beyond the wall of a lymph node (called extracapsular extension), the prognosis is also poorer. […] Prognosis can also depend on the location of the oral cancer. […] Survival will vary with each stage of oral cancer. It usually responds well to treatment.
  • #23 Prognosis and survival for oral cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/oral/prognosis-and-survival
    Tumours with negative surgical margins have a better prognosis. […] When oral cancer has grown into, around or along a nerve (called perineural invasion) the prognosis may be poorer. […] When oral cancer has spread to blood vessels (called vascular invasion) it may increase the risk of spread throughout the body. Cancer that has spread throughout the body has a poorer prognosis. […] Oral cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes has a poorer prognosis. The more lymph nodes the cancer reaches, the higher the risk of distant spread or metastasis. If cancer grows beyond the wall of a lymph node (called extracapsular extension), the prognosis is also poorer. […] Prognosis can also depend on the location of the oral cancer. […] Survival will vary with each stage of oral cancer. It usually responds well to treatment.
  • #24 Learn About Lip Cancer ‣ Prognosis
    https://thancguide.org/cancer-types/oral/lip/prognosis/
    A prognosis is a prediction of the outcome of ones disease. How likely is survival? Will the cancer come back? These are the big questions on most peoples minds after receiving a diagnosis of lip cancer. In general, there are several characteristics of the tumor that can inform a patient about their chances of being cured. […] Stage is the most important factor that affects a patients chance of being cured. […] The ability to completely remove the tumor with a margin of normal tissue around it can be a very important factor in a patients prognosis. […] Spread into large nerves, skin, and bone has been shown to indicate a worse prognosis. […] While each of these factors contributes to the overall outcome, patients should have a discussion with their doctors to determine their overall prognosis.
  • #25 Learn About Lip Cancer ‣ Prognosis
    https://thancguide.org/cancer-types/oral/lip/prognosis/
    Disease-Specific Survival at Five Years 96% […] Overall Survival at Ten Years 90% […] Disease-Specific Survival at Five Years 83% […] Overall Survival at Ten Years 73% […] Disease-Specific Survival at Five Years 57% […] Overall Survival at Ten Years 56% […] Disease-Specific Survival at Five Years 48% […] Overall Survival at Ten Years 40%. […] Estimated Disease-Specific Survival is the percentage of people with a specific cancer who are alive at a given time point, such as five years after diagnosis. It excludes people who may have died from a disease other than their cancer. It is probably the best estimate we have in these large national databases as to the prognosis of a particular type of cancer at each stage.
  • #26 Development and validation of accelerated failure time model for cause-specific survival and prognostication of oral squamous cell carcinoma: SEER data analysis | PLOS One
    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0309214
    Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancies affecting the oral cavity. Despite progress in studies and treatment options its outlook remains grim with survival prospects greatly affected by demographic and clinical factors. Precisely predicting survival rates and prognosis plays a role in making treatment choices for the best achievable overall health outcomes. […] The accelerated failure time model provides a relatively accurate method to predict the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and is recommended over the Cox PH model for its superior predictive capabilities. This study also underscores the importance of using advanced statistical models to improve survival predictions and outcomes for cancer patients. […] The 5-year survival rate for early-stage ORSCC is approximately 90%, dropping significantly to 30% for late-stage diagnoses.
  • #27 Development and validation of accelerated failure time model for cause-specific survival and prognostication of oral squamous cell carcinoma: SEER data analysis | PLOS One
    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0309214
    The TIGHLD AFT model performs better than the competitive models. To further establish the superiority in model fit of the TIGHLD AFT model, compared to the other models, the TIGHLD AFT model has the lowest AIC (27370) and BIC (27415). For predictability accuracy, the TIGHLD model has the highest C-Index (0.780) and lowest RMSE (1.209) among the models, indicating better predictive accuracy in survival times.
  • #28 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma after surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Full Text
    https://wjso.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12957-024-03313-9
    We identified a series of significant immune-inflammation-related and comorbidity-related clinicopathological factors associated with the prognosis of postoperative LSCC patients by local data from two tertiary care institutions in China, which can be helpful for patients and surgeons to pay more attention to nutrition, inflammation, and complications and finally obtained a better prognosis. […] The independent predictors related to PFS were as follows: age at diagnosis [70 years: hazard ratio (HR)=2.986 (95% confidential interval (CI)=1.7805.009), P=0.001], grade [moderate differentiate: HR=1.895 (95% CI=1.0783.332), P=0.026; poor differentiate: HR=2.688 (95% CI=1.4474.995), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.814 (95% CI=1.6828.651), P=0.001], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.013], ACCI [5: HR=1.731 (95% CI=1.0752.788), P=0.024], surgical margin [5: HR=0.523 (95% CI=0.2820.970), P=0.04]. The independent prognostic factors related to OS include the following: age at diagnosis [70: HR=2.334 (95% CI=1.3823.976), P=0.002], AJCC stage [IV: HR=3.841 (95% CI=1.5169.734), P=0.005], GPS [1: HR=1.986 (95% CI=1.0203.864), P=0.043; 2: HR=2.127 (95% CI=1.0704.229), P=0.003], SII [HR=1.000 (95% CI=1.0001.001), P=0.003], ACCI [5: HR=2.402 (95% CI=1.4034.111), P=0.001]. […] For LSCC patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, the OS (P=0.016) and PFS (P=0.018) were significantly improved in subgroup of AJCC stages IIIIV and ACCI5.
  • #29 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Survival Rate
    https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/types/lip-cancer
    A persistent sore or lump on your lip may be an early symptom of lip cancer, a type of oral cancer. […] Prognosis varies depending on how far your cancer has advanced. Generally, a disease thats caught and treated early, or when a tumor is small, has better outcomes than cancer that has grown and spread. […] The overall five-year relative survival rate, the percentage of people expected to be alive five years after diagnosis, is compared with other cancers below. […] For lip cancer, SEER gives the five-year relative survival rates per stage for the years 2011-2017 as: Local: 93.2 percent, Regional: 64.9 percent, Distant: 32.6 percent, All stages combined: 90.9 percent.
  • #30 Survival Rates for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society
    https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
    Regional: The cancer has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. […] Distant: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs. […] 5-Year Relative Survival Rate for Lip: Localized 94%, Regional 63%, Distant 38%, All SEER stages combined 91%. […] These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment. […] People now being diagnosed with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments improve over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.

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