Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Etiology of cancer of the lip | CoLab

  https://colab.ws/articles/10.1016%2Fs0901-5027%2898%2980010-6

  A range of environmental and host factors has been identified to explain the etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. […] However, the definitive pathogenic pathway remains unclear. […] Carcinogenesis does not seem to be limited to a single agent, but rather to a complex multistep process of interactions between putative risk factors. […] In this paper, the currently available data regarding risk factors, considered to be causally related to the onset of lip cancer, are reviewed.

• #2 Lip cancer: Symptoms, pictures, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324950

  Lip cancer is a form of cancer that starts in the lips and mouth. Early signs and symptoms can include sores or lumps on the lips or in the mouth. Treatment will depend on the size and location of the tumor. […] According to a 2022 study, more than 90% of oral mucosa cancers, including lip cancers, begin in the squamous cells of the epidermis. Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that line the lips and other areas of the mouth. These cells grow out of control and form lesions or tumors on the lips. […] Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can also increase a person’s risk of developing this disease. These factors include heavy alcohol use, smoking or using tobacco products, contracting certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), including strains 16 and 18, prolonged exposure to natural or artificial sunlight, such as from tanning beds, and having undergone hemopoietic stem cell transplant.

• #3 9 things to know about lip cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/9-things-to-know-about-lip-cancer.h00-159700701.html

  Most lip cancers start in the squamous cells, which line the surface of the mouth, tongue, gum and lips. Cancers on the wet lip are almost always squamous cell carcinomas. […] Lip cancer can be linked to the following risk factors: excessive sun exposure (cancers on the dry lip), smoking and tobacco use (cancers on the wet lip), heavy alcohol use (cancers on the wet lip). […] Lip cancer is curable in many cases.

• #4 Lip cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lip-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355079

  Lip cancer risk factors include excessive sun exposure and tobacco use. […] Factors that can increase your risk of lip cancer include: Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others. […] It’s not clear what causes lip cancer. […] In general, cancer starts when cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA.

• #5 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Lip cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control, resulting in tumors (solid tissue masses) or lesions (abnormal areas of skin) on your lips. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes lip cancer. As with all cancers, errors in cell DNA cause normal cells to become cancer cells that multiply out of control. The abnormal cancer cells can spread and damage healthy tissue. Experts havent identified one single reason why cells behave this way. But theyve identified several risk factors that people who get lip cancer share. Most have to do with lifestyle and environment. […] Risk factors for lip cancer include: Tobacco use. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes, and using snuff and chewing tobacco. Most lip cancers are linked to tobacco use. […] Heavy alcohol use. You increase your risk of lip cancer by up to 30 times if you use tobacco and also consume excessive amounts of alcohol.

• #6 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lip-cancer-symptoms-514436

  Lip cancer may have a known specific cause, there are certain factors that increase the risk of developing lip cancer. These risks include: […] Tobacco use […] Heavy alcohol use […] Exposure to the sun or other UV light […] Having light-colored skin […] History of human papillomavirus (HPV) […] Older than 40 years of age […] Male sex […] Immunosuppression.

• #7 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.uk/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOorDevH-TnEwe2d_miHxOReIw6YT7ss-vnL1ysD27T8JGWfyq6tc

  The toxic substances in tobacco smoke also damage the vermilion and thus increase the risk of developing lip cancer especially in combination with the regular consumption of alcohol. While the use of tobacco combined with high-proof alcohol is the main risk factor for all oral cavity cancers, pipe smoking is particularly linked to lip cancer. This is probably due to the fact that a pipe is permanently in contact with the lips. […] Patients who have to take immunosuppressive drugs after undergoing an organ transplant also have an increased risk of developing cancer. Individuals who have received a transplant usually need to take these drugs to reduce the risk of their body rejecting the new organ. Unfortunately, this also makes life easier for mutated cancer cells. For example, the risk of lip cancer is 30 percent higher after a kidney transplantation.

• #8 Lip Cancer Signs | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/cancer/lip-cancer-signs

  Lip cancer, like many cancers, can be attributed in part to lifestyle factors. The following factors increase the risk of lip cancer: […] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant risk factor for developing melanoma on your lips and other parts of your body. […] Tobacco and alcohol use are also contributors to oral and lip cancer. People who drink three to four alcoholic beverages a day are twice as likely to develop oral cancer than those who do not. […] According to the National Cancer Institute people who smoke can be ten times more likely to develop oral cancer than nonsmokers. The risk of oral cancer is two to three times greater when tobacco use and daily alcohol consumption are combined.

• #9 Causes of oral cancer – an appraisal of controversies | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2009.1009

  Major risk factors for oral cancer are cigarette smoking and alcohol misuse. […] The major risk factors are well known, have been reviewed recently and will not be described in detail in this paper. However, there are some emerging risk factors for oral cancer that dentists should be aware of, and some controversies related to the aetiology of this disease that need clarification. […] Several factors that have been often cited as likely to be associated with oral cancer, namely heredity and familial risk, marijuana (cannabis) smoking, khat chewing, medicinal nicotine use, HIV infection and alcohol containing mouthwashes, have not been adequately validated as having sufficient evidence to be linked with oral cancer. […] Major risk factors for oral cancer in the UK population are cigarette smoking and alcohol misuse.

• #10 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/types/lip-cancer

  A persistent sore or lump on your lip may be an early symptom of lip cancer, a type of oral cancer. […] This type typically results when the squamous cells on the surface layer of the mouth and lips begin to grow abnormally. […] Too much exposure to sun or ultraviolet (UV) light from tanning equipment is a risk factor thats specific to lip cancer, as is having fair skin. […] Risk factors for this group of cancers include: Tobacco use, whether it be cigarette, pipe or cigar smoking, or chewing tobacco. […] Heavy alcohol consumption. […] HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, since strains of this sexually transmitted virus have been linked to genital warts and cancers of the genitals, anus, mouth and throat. […] Being male, as men develop oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers at double the rate of women, which may also be tied to alcohol and tobacco use. […] Age, as people older than 55 make up most oral and oropharyngeal cases, though most HPV-related head and neck cancers tend to be found in people younger than 50. […] Diet lacking in vegetables and fruit. […] Certain genetic syndromes.

• #11 Lip Cancer: Lip Melanoma & Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/lip

  Lip cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that begins when the cells that make up the lip grow out of control and form lesions or tumors. It is the most common cancer of the mouth. […] Lip cancer can affect anyone. The causes of most lip cancers and melanomas are linked to: smoking or chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, for long periods of time. […] Other factors that might raise your chances for getting lip cancer are: having light-colored skin, being male, having HPV (human papillomavirus), especially strains 16 and 18, being over 40 years old. […] The best ways to prevent lip cancer are to limit how much alcohol you drink and try to quit or cut down on smoking and chewing tobacco. Its also important to stay out of the sun (UV light) for long periods of time, including tanning beds.

• #12 Causes of Oral Cancer – Oral Cancer – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce348/causes-of-oral-cancer

  Two separate lines of research converged to unravel the complex series of events that lead to oral cancer. […] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has been strongly associated with carcinoma of the lower lip. […] Cigarette smoking is well established as the most important risk factor in oral cancer. […] All forms of alcohol have been implicated in the development of oral cancer. […] Actinic radiation has long been associated with cancer of the lower lip. […] The precise oncogenic effects of HSV on the pathogenesis of oral cancers however, have not been established. […] Of interest is the finding that HPV, particularly types 16 and type 18 are, associated with most squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (tonsil) and base of the tongue.

• #13 Precancerous Lip Lesions Vs. Lip Cancer: Causes, Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer

  Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip often develops from a precancerous lesion called actinic cheilitis. […] Actinic cheilitis is a type of precancerous lesion that can form on your lips. Over time, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] AC occurs due to damage from excess exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as from the sun. If left untreated, it can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. […] SCC happens due to damage that accumulates over time from excess UV radiation exposure. On the lips, it can develop from an AC lesion. […] Because they have a common cause, AC and SCC share risk factors. These include: excess exposure to UV radiation. […] Early treatment is important to prevent AC from developing into SCC. Its estimated that AC progresses to SCC in 6% to 10% of cases, although this percentage is higher, 10% to 30%, in some reports. […] Regardless of the exact progression rate, about 95% of SCCs develop from an existing AC. […] SCC can develop from AC, which is a precancerous lip lesion. Both conditions are caused by damage from exposure to UV radiation.

• #14

  https://www.chopsaver.com/blogs/news/lip-cancer-not-uncommon-often-overlooked?srsltid=AfmBOoqTiu_zdhTopjNIUJM9Niro8wqAUgqFrfx3rQpFvFK1SFy7sC7z

  The lips are a not uncommon, but often overlooked site for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), including the two most common skin cancers, basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC). […] Studies have shown that males are 3-13 times more likely to develop lip cancers, likely due to occupation-related sun exposure combined with greater tobacco and alcohol use. […] Lip cancer has been associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and immunosuppression. Emerging data implicate human papillomavirus (HPV) in certain oral cancers, but it has not to date been found to be a major cause of lip cancers. The most important risk factor by far is cumulative UV exposure, which is associated with up to 90 percent of all NMSCs. […] A study of Canadian farmers showed they had a threefold increased risk of lip cancer compared to people with indoor occupations, even after accounting for a history of smoking.

• #15 Oral Cancer Causes and Diagnoses | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/head-and-neck-cancers/oral-cancer/causes-and-diagnoses

  Cancer of the lip is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to the sun.

• #16 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Lip cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control, resulting in tumors (solid tissue masses) or lesions (abnormal areas of skin) on your lips. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes lip cancer. As with all cancers, errors in cell DNA cause normal cells to become cancer cells that multiply out of control. The abnormal cancer cells can spread and damage healthy tissue. Experts havent identified one single reason why cells behave this way. But theyve identified several risk factors that people who get lip cancer share. Most have to do with lifestyle and environment. […] Risk factors for lip cancer include: Tobacco use. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes, and using snuff and chewing tobacco. Most lip cancers are linked to tobacco use. […] Heavy alcohol use. You increase your risk of lip cancer by up to 30 times if you use tobacco and also consume excessive amounts of alcohol.

• #17

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2016/12020/oral_cancer__etiology_and_risk_factors__a_review.4.aspx

  Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Oral cancer is of major concern in Southeast Asia primarily because of the prevalent oral habits of betel quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. […] The relationship between smoking and oral cancer has been established firmly by epidemiological studies. The most important carcinogens in tobacco smoke are the aromatic hydrocarbon benz-pyrene and the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNs) namely 4-(nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). […] Betel quid chewing with different ingredients is the most common habit in Southeast Asia, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Studies have shown the association of these products with oral cancer development. […] Alcohol has been implicated in the development of oral cancer. Alcoholic beverages have been considered carcinogenic to humans causing in particular, tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver; although ethanol per se has not been proven carcinogenic in animal studies.

• #18 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/tumors-of-the-head-and-neck/oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma

  The chief risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma are heavy smoking and alcohol use. […] Risk increases dramatically when alcohol use exceeds 177 mL (6 oz) of distilled liquor, 148 mL (5 oz) of wine, or 1065 mL (36 oz) of beer/day. […] The combination of heavy smoking and heavy alcohol consumption is estimated to raise the risk 100-fold in females and 38-fold in males. […] Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue may also result from any chronic irritation, such as dental caries, overuse of mouthwash, chewing tobacco, or the use of betel quid. […] Oral human papillomavirus (HPV), typically acquired via oral-genital contact, may have a role in the etiology of some oral cancers; however, HPV is identified in oral cancer much less often than it is in oropharyngeal cancer, and its presence in resected tissue does not necessarily imply causation.

• #19 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/blog/lip-cancer

  Lip cancer is a type of mouth cancer, which sounds scary, but the good news is that if caught early, it can be treated successfully. […] Like many cancers, lip cancer, can be attributed in part to lifestyle factors. The following factors increase the risk: Sun Exposure, Tobacco use, Alcohol use. […] Approximately a third of lip cancers are associated with excessive sun exposure so you could be excused for thinking that we do not need to worry in the United Kingdom. […] Tobacco and alcohol use are also risk factors. People who drink three to four alcoholic beverages a day are twice as likely to develop mouth cancer than those who do not, and the risk is two to three times greater when tobacco use, and daily alcohol consumption are combined. […] Early diagnosis is essential, as lip cancers are almost always curable when caught and treated early. […] The Oral Health Foundation reports that up to 90% of all mouth cancers are linked to lifestyle factors, and that smoking can increase your risk by up to ten times.

• #20 Head and neck cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

  The majority of head and neck cancer is caused by the use of alcohol or tobacco (including smokeless tobacco). An increasing number of cases are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Alcohol and tobacco use are major risk factors for head and neck cancer. 72% of head and neck cancer cases are caused by using both alcohol and tobacco. This rises to 89% when looking specifically at laryngeal cancer. […] Tobacco smoking is one of the main risk factors for head and neck cancer. Cigarette smokers have a lifetime increased risk for head and neck cancer that is 5 to 25 times higher than the general population. […] Smokeless tobacco (including products where tobacco is chewed) is a cause of oral cancer. Increased risk of oral cancer caused by smokeless tobacco is present in countries such as the United States but particularly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries where the use of smokeless tobacco is common.

• #21 Lip Cancer: Lip Melanoma & Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/lip

  Lip cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that begins when the cells that make up the lip grow out of control and form lesions or tumors. It is the most common cancer of the mouth. […] Lip cancer can affect anyone. The causes of most lip cancers and melanomas are linked to: smoking or chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, for long periods of time. […] Other factors that might raise your chances for getting lip cancer are: having light-colored skin, being male, having HPV (human papillomavirus), especially strains 16 and 18, being over 40 years old. […] The best ways to prevent lip cancer are to limit how much alcohol you drink and try to quit or cut down on smoking and chewing tobacco. Its also important to stay out of the sun (UV light) for long periods of time, including tanning beds.

• #22 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/types/lip-cancer

  A persistent sore or lump on your lip may be an early symptom of lip cancer, a type of oral cancer. […] This type typically results when the squamous cells on the surface layer of the mouth and lips begin to grow abnormally. […] Too much exposure to sun or ultraviolet (UV) light from tanning equipment is a risk factor thats specific to lip cancer, as is having fair skin. […] Risk factors for this group of cancers include: Tobacco use, whether it be cigarette, pipe or cigar smoking, or chewing tobacco. […] Heavy alcohol consumption. […] HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, since strains of this sexually transmitted virus have been linked to genital warts and cancers of the genitals, anus, mouth and throat. […] Being male, as men develop oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers at double the rate of women, which may also be tied to alcohol and tobacco use. […] Age, as people older than 55 make up most oral and oropharyngeal cases, though most HPV-related head and neck cancers tend to be found in people younger than 50. […] Diet lacking in vegetables and fruit. […] Certain genetic syndromes.

• #23 Oral Cancer: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/cancer/head-and-neck-cancer/oral-cancer

  Lip cancer – This is the most common type of mouth cancer, most typically found on the lower lip. […] Oral cancers develop when the DNA in the cells of the lips and inside the mouth mutate into cancer cells. While it is unknown why these mutations in the DNA occur and form oral tumors, there are risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing the condition. […] HPV (human papillomavirus) Although HPV is the main cause of oropharyngeal cancer, its prevalence in oral cancers is relatively low.

• #24 Causes of Oral Cancer – Oral Cancer – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce348/causes-of-oral-cancer

  Two separate lines of research converged to unravel the complex series of events that lead to oral cancer. […] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has been strongly associated with carcinoma of the lower lip. […] Cigarette smoking is well established as the most important risk factor in oral cancer. […] All forms of alcohol have been implicated in the development of oral cancer. […] Actinic radiation has long been associated with cancer of the lower lip. […] The precise oncogenic effects of HSV on the pathogenesis of oral cancers however, have not been established. […] Of interest is the finding that HPV, particularly types 16 and type 18 are, associated with most squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (tonsil) and base of the tongue.

• #25 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  Factors that can increase the risk of mouth cancer include: Using tobacco. All forms of tobacco increase the risk of mouth cancer. This includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff. […] Drinking alcohol. Frequent and heavy drinking increases the risk of mouth cancer. Using alcohol and tobacco together increases the risk even more. […] Excessive sun exposure to the lips. Ultraviolet light from the sun and tanning lamps increases the risk of lip cancer. […] Being exposed to human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus, also called HPV, is a common virus that’s passed through sexual contact. For most people, it causes no problems and goes away on its own. For others, it causes changes in the cells that can lead to many types of cancer, including mouth cancer. […] A weakened immune system. If the body’s germ-fighting immune system is weakened by medicines or illness, there might be a higher risk of mouth cancer. People with a weakened immune system include those taking medicines to control the immune system, such as after an organ transplant. Certain medical conditions, such as infection with HIV, also can weaken the immune system.

• #26 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.uk/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOorDevH-TnEwe2d_miHxOReIw6YT7ss-vnL1ysD27T8JGWfyq6tc

  The toxic substances in tobacco smoke also damage the vermilion and thus increase the risk of developing lip cancer especially in combination with the regular consumption of alcohol. While the use of tobacco combined with high-proof alcohol is the main risk factor for all oral cavity cancers, pipe smoking is particularly linked to lip cancer. This is probably due to the fact that a pipe is permanently in contact with the lips. […] Patients who have to take immunosuppressive drugs after undergoing an organ transplant also have an increased risk of developing cancer. Individuals who have received a transplant usually need to take these drugs to reduce the risk of their body rejecting the new organ. Unfortunately, this also makes life easier for mutated cancer cells. For example, the risk of lip cancer is 30 percent higher after a kidney transplantation.

• #27 Causes of oral cancer – an appraisal of controversies | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2009.1009

  Lip cancer is reported to be increased following kidney transplantation and is significantly associated with current use of immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine and cyclosporin). […] There is accumulating evidence that indicates a positive correlation between low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits and an increased risk of oral cancer. […] The role of mate drinking in increasing the risk of cancer of the oral cavity is supported by several epidemiological studies conducted in South America that adjusted for other risks. […] Oral cancer is seen more often in people from lower socio-economic groups and those living in deprived areas. […] It has been speculated that susceptibility to oral cancer from tobacco and alcohol use may differ by race and ethnicity. […] Although poor oral hygiene and poor dentition (faulty restorations, sharp teeth and ill-fitting dentures) have been implicated in a few epidemiological studies, it is not clear whether confounding by tobacco and alcohol have been addressed in these studies.

• #28 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lip-cancer-symptoms-514436

  Lip cancer may have a known specific cause, there are certain factors that increase the risk of developing lip cancer. These risks include: […] Tobacco use […] Heavy alcohol use […] Exposure to the sun or other UV light […] Having light-colored skin […] History of human papillomavirus (HPV) […] Older than 40 years of age […] Male sex […] Immunosuppression.

• #29 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Excessive sun exposure. This includes exposure to artificial light in tanning beds. […] Having fair skin. People who are white with light features are most at risk. […] Being over 40. Most people get lip cancer in their 50s and 60s. […] Sex. Males are up to three times more likely to develop lip cancer. […] Having a weakened immune system.

• #30

  https://www.chopsaver.com/blogs/news/lip-cancer-not-uncommon-often-overlooked?srsltid=AfmBOoqTiu_zdhTopjNIUJM9Niro8wqAUgqFrfx3rQpFvFK1SFy7sC7z

  The lips are a not uncommon, but often overlooked site for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), including the two most common skin cancers, basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC). […] Studies have shown that males are 3-13 times more likely to develop lip cancers, likely due to occupation-related sun exposure combined with greater tobacco and alcohol use. […] Lip cancer has been associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and immunosuppression. Emerging data implicate human papillomavirus (HPV) in certain oral cancers, but it has not to date been found to be a major cause of lip cancers. The most important risk factor by far is cumulative UV exposure, which is associated with up to 90 percent of all NMSCs. […] A study of Canadian farmers showed they had a threefold increased risk of lip cancer compared to people with indoor occupations, even after accounting for a history of smoking.

• #31 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Excessive sun exposure. This includes exposure to artificial light in tanning beds. […] Having fair skin. People who are white with light features are most at risk. […] Being over 40. Most people get lip cancer in their 50s and 60s. […] Sex. Males are up to three times more likely to develop lip cancer. […] Having a weakened immune system.

• #32 Lip Cancer: A 10-Year Retrospective Epidemiological Study | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/32/4/1543

  Lip cancer is the most frequent tumor of the oral-maxillary region. A high incidence of lip cancer has been reported among the Italian population over the past decade. The dominant cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma of the external lower lip (predominantly in men). We recorded high rates of chronic solar exposure, and tobacco and alcohol drinking habits in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Individuals aged over 45 years are at higher risk for lip cancer. The high association of the examined risk factors with the rate of squamous cell carcinoma confirms their role in the development of this type of tumor. The combination of long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from exposure to sunlight and a fair skin has been proposed as one of the etiological factors in the epidemiology of lip cancer. Different risk factors have been associated with lip tumors such as age, chronic exposure to solar radiation and tobacco and alcohol habits. In particular, the association of HSV2, exposure to UV rays and chemical factors can considerably increase the risk of these tumors. We found a significant association between lip cancer and risk factors such as solar radiation exposure and tobacco and alcohol drinking. Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is the most widely accepted cause of lip cancer. Smoking is an important factor in lip SCC and the malignant lesion will occur in the location where the cigarette, cigar or pipe is placed. We found a significant association between tobacco habit and SCC of the lower lip. The same finding was made for alcohol drinking habit.

• #33 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.uk/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOorDevH-TnEwe2d_miHxOReIw6YT7ss-vnL1ysD27T8JGWfyq6tc

  Lip cancer develops when cells with altered genetic information are not identified and destroyed by the immune system and start to multiply. Since tumour cells divide faster than normal ones, they gradually displace more and more healthy cells, which allows for tumour progression. It is not yet fully known why this type of cell mutation occurs. Genetic factors may play a role. There are, however, a number of risk factors that favour the development of lip cancer. […] Smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol are considered the main risk factors for most mouth cancers. However, since the lips surround the orifice of the mouth, there is another key risk factor related to lip cancer: Intense sunlight. […] When we are exposed to too much UV radiation (especially UVB radiation) from the sun, it can damage the DNA in our skin cells. If the lips are repeatedly exposed to intense sunlight over many years, there is a chance of lip cancer developing. This typically manifests through the aforesaid preliminary stages. Anyone can develop lip cancer, but people over the age of 45 with fair skin who burn more easily have a higher risk. Someone with darker skin is less likely to develop the disease.

• #34 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lip-cancer-symptoms-514436

  Lip cancer may have a known specific cause, there are certain factors that increase the risk of developing lip cancer. These risks include: […] Tobacco use […] Heavy alcohol use […] Exposure to the sun or other UV light […] Having light-colored skin […] History of human papillomavirus (HPV) […] Older than 40 years of age […] Male sex […] Immunosuppression.

• #35 Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review | Biomedical Research and Therapy

  http://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/619

  Background: One of the most common cancers is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is a serious health challenge worldwide. […] The most important risk factors for oral and lip cancer include tobacco smoke, alcohol drinking, viral infections, exposure to sunlight, and socioeconomic status. […] Exposure to sunlight is a principal risk factor for lip cancer; it increases the incidence of illness in people who are working outdoors or live in the countryside. […] Smoking is a principal risk factor for lip cancer, which can affect both lips equally. […] Viruses are one of the most important features in the development of this cancer. […] Genetic or familial factors are one of the factors which contribute to the development of lip cancer. […] Low socioeconomic status is strongly related to the high risk of lip cancer.

• #36 Risks And Causes Of Mouth And Oropharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/mouth-cancer/risks-causes

  The link to HPV is much stronger for oropharyngeal cancers than it is for mouth cancers. HPV causes around 50 out of every 100 (around 50%) of oropharyngeal cancers in the UK. […] Research shows an increased risk of mouth and oropharyngeal cancer in people with HIV/AIDS – there are higher rates of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in people with HIV. […] Changes can happen in the cells in the lining of the mouth. […] Head and neck cancer risk is higher in people with a brother or sister (sibling) who had head and neck cancer. […] People who have the following cancers are also at increased risk of mouth cancer: a type of cervical cancer called squamous cell cancer, cancer of the food pipe (oesophageal squamous cell cancer), lung cancer.

• #37 Risk factors of lip cancer: a critical evaluation based on epidemiological comparisons.

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1619084/

  A description is given of the occurrence of lip, skin, and intraoral cancers in Finland in the period 1953-1973 with the aim of testing certain etiologic hypotheses. […] It was concluded that, in terms of cancer etiology, lip cancer is more closely related to cancer of the oral cavity than to that of the skin. Moreover, some specific socioeconomic factors associated with a low standard of living must be considered as noteworthy risk factors of lip cancer.

• #38 Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review | Biomedical Research and Therapy

  http://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/619

  Background: One of the most common cancers is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is a serious health challenge worldwide. […] The most important risk factors for oral and lip cancer include tobacco smoke, alcohol drinking, viral infections, exposure to sunlight, and socioeconomic status. […] Exposure to sunlight is a principal risk factor for lip cancer; it increases the incidence of illness in people who are working outdoors or live in the countryside. […] Smoking is a principal risk factor for lip cancer, which can affect both lips equally. […] Viruses are one of the most important features in the development of this cancer. […] Genetic or familial factors are one of the factors which contribute to the development of lip cancer. […] Low socioeconomic status is strongly related to the high risk of lip cancer.

• #39 Risk factors of lip cancer: a critical evaluation based on epidemiological comparisons.

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1619084/

  A description is given of the occurrence of lip, skin, and intraoral cancers in Finland in the period 1953-1973 with the aim of testing certain etiologic hypotheses. […] It was concluded that, in terms of cancer etiology, lip cancer is more closely related to cancer of the oral cavity than to that of the skin. Moreover, some specific socioeconomic factors associated with a low standard of living must be considered as noteworthy risk factors of lip cancer.

• #40 Causes of oral cancer – an appraisal of controversies | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2009.1009

  Lip cancer is reported to be increased following kidney transplantation and is significantly associated with current use of immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine and cyclosporin). […] There is accumulating evidence that indicates a positive correlation between low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits and an increased risk of oral cancer. […] The role of mate drinking in increasing the risk of cancer of the oral cavity is supported by several epidemiological studies conducted in South America that adjusted for other risks. […] Oral cancer is seen more often in people from lower socio-economic groups and those living in deprived areas. […] It has been speculated that susceptibility to oral cancer from tobacco and alcohol use may differ by race and ethnicity. […] Although poor oral hygiene and poor dentition (faulty restorations, sharp teeth and ill-fitting dentures) have been implicated in a few epidemiological studies, it is not clear whether confounding by tobacco and alcohol have been addressed in these studies.

• #41 Lip Cancer: Signs, Causes, Treatment – Best Cancer Care Clinic In Nagpur

  https://samsaracancercare.com/lip-cancer-signs-causes-treatment/

  Lip cancer is considered to be a kind of mouth (oral) cancer. […] There are various risk factors that can increase the chances for lip cancer development. […] Listed below are a few risk factors that led to causing lip cancer: Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes in particular contains a variety of carcinogens that harm the lining of the lips and trigger abnormal cells to multiply. […] Health History: We must pay close particular attention to a patients medical history because both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human Papilloma virus (HPV) infections can create chances of developing lip cancer. […] Lip Trauma: A series of self-inflicted injuries or a habitual chewing routine could cause a problem for the development of lip carcinoma. […] Patients with poor oral hygiene appear to be more at risk for lip cancer. […] Other Causes: Exposure to the sun or other UV light, having light-colored skin, older than 40 years of age, male sex, immunosuppression.

• #42 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.us/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOoqlcTJpCKwTBInfV4CCqwcFVnF880LKlJnlKEB-KLmMjCY_lp1B

  The toxic substances in tobacco smoke also damage the vermilion and thus increase the risk of developing lip cancer especially in combination with the regular consumption of alcohol. […] Patients who have to take immunosuppressive drugs after undergoing an organ transplant also have an increased risk of developing cancer. […] Individuals with fair skin who suffer from elevated blood pressure and take ACE inhibitors should be particularly careful in the summer. […] If you fail to brush your teeth thoroughly, there is an increased risk of gum inflammation, dental decay and periodontitis. If these diseases are not treated in time and the inflammation spreads, they can also attack the tissue of the lips and cause lip cancer.

• #43 Lip Cancer: 5 Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.summirow.com/blogs/lip-cancer-its-symptoms-causes-treatments/

  Lip cancer is a type of mouth or oral cancer affecting the lips, including the skin, the tissues inside the lips, or the glands that produce saliva. […] The exact cause of lip cancer is not yet known, but there are several factors that can increase the risk of developing this condition. Here are 5 causes of lip cancer: […] Tobacco use (smoking, chewing): Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes and using smokeless tobacco products can increase the risk of lip cancer by damaging the DNA in the cells of the lips and surrounding tissues. […] Alcohol consumption: Alcohol can act as an irritant, especially in the mouth and throat. Cells that are damaged by the alcohol may try to repair themselves, which could lead to DNA changes that can be a step toward cancer. […] Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to the suns UV rays can increase the risk of lip cancer, especially in people who have fair skin, light hair, and blue eyes.

• #44 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.co.uk/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOorDevH-TnEwe2d_miHxOReIw6YT7ss-vnL1ysD27T8JGWfyq6tc

  Individuals with fair skin who suffer from elevated blood pressure and take ACE inhibitors should be particularly careful in the summer. Some of these products increase the UV sensitivity of the skin, and excessive sun exposure can trigger lip cancer. […] If you fail to brush your teeth thoroughly, there is an increased risk of gum inflammation, dental decay and periodontitis. If these diseases are not treated in time and the inflammation spreads, they can also attack the tissue of the lips and cause lip cancer.

• #45 Causes of oral cancer – an appraisal of controversies | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2009.1009

  Lip cancer is reported to be increased following kidney transplantation and is significantly associated with current use of immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine and cyclosporin). […] There is accumulating evidence that indicates a positive correlation between low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits and an increased risk of oral cancer. […] The role of mate drinking in increasing the risk of cancer of the oral cavity is supported by several epidemiological studies conducted in South America that adjusted for other risks. […] Oral cancer is seen more often in people from lower socio-economic groups and those living in deprived areas. […] It has been speculated that susceptibility to oral cancer from tobacco and alcohol use may differ by race and ethnicity. […] Although poor oral hygiene and poor dentition (faulty restorations, sharp teeth and ill-fitting dentures) have been implicated in a few epidemiological studies, it is not clear whether confounding by tobacco and alcohol have been addressed in these studies.

• #46 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/oral-cancer/types/lip-cancer

  A persistent sore or lump on your lip may be an early symptom of lip cancer, a type of oral cancer. […] This type typically results when the squamous cells on the surface layer of the mouth and lips begin to grow abnormally. […] Too much exposure to sun or ultraviolet (UV) light from tanning equipment is a risk factor thats specific to lip cancer, as is having fair skin. […] Risk factors for this group of cancers include: Tobacco use, whether it be cigarette, pipe or cigar smoking, or chewing tobacco. […] Heavy alcohol consumption. […] HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, since strains of this sexually transmitted virus have been linked to genital warts and cancers of the genitals, anus, mouth and throat. […] Being male, as men develop oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers at double the rate of women, which may also be tied to alcohol and tobacco use. […] Age, as people older than 55 make up most oral and oropharyngeal cases, though most HPV-related head and neck cancers tend to be found in people younger than 50. […] Diet lacking in vegetables and fruit. […] Certain genetic syndromes.

• #47 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  It’s not always clear what causes mouth cancer. This cancer starts as a growth of cells in the mouth. It most often starts in cells called squamous cells. These are flat, thin cells that line the lips and the inside of the mouth. Most oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. […] Mouth cancer happens when cells on the lips or in the mouth develop changes in their DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA tells the cells to grow and multiply at a set rate. The DNA also tells the cells to die at a set time. […] In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells. […] The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, the cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic cancer.

• #48 Lip cancer

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/l/lip-cancer/?section=Causes

  Lip cancer risk factors include excessive sun exposure and tobacco use. […] It’s not clear what causes lip cancer. […] In general, cancer starts when cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. […] Factors that can increase your risk of lip cancer include: Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others; Fair skin; Excessive sun exposure to your lips; A weakened immune system.

• #49 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  It’s not always clear what causes mouth cancer. This cancer starts as a growth of cells in the mouth. It most often starts in cells called squamous cells. These are flat, thin cells that line the lips and the inside of the mouth. Most oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. […] Mouth cancer happens when cells on the lips or in the mouth develop changes in their DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA tells the cells to grow and multiply at a set rate. The DNA also tells the cells to die at a set time. […] In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells. […] The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, the cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic cancer.

• #50 Lip cancer: Preliminary stages, symptoms and treatment | CURAPROX

  https://curaprox.us/blog/post/lip-cancer?srsltid=AfmBOoqlcTJpCKwTBInfV4CCqwcFVnF880LKlJnlKEB-KLmMjCY_lp1B

  Lip cancer develops when cells with altered genetic information are not identified and destroyed by the immune system and start to multiply. Since tumour cells divide faster than normal ones, they gradually displace more and more healthy cells, which allows for tumour progression. It is not yet fully known why this type of cell mutation occurs. Genetic factors may play a role. There are, however, a number of risk factors that favour the development of lip cancer. […] Smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol are considered the main risk factors for most mouth cancers. However, since the lips surround the orifice of the mouth, there is another key risk factor related to lip cancer: Intense sunlight. […] When we are exposed to too much UV radiation (especially UVB radiation) from the sun, it can damage the DNA in our skin cells. If the lips are repeatedly exposed to intense sunlight over many years, there is a chance of lip cancer developing. This typically manifests through the aforesaid preliminary stages.

• #51 Causes of Oral Cancer – Oral Cancer – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce348/causes-of-oral-cancer

  Two separate lines of research converged to unravel the complex series of events that lead to oral cancer. […] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has been strongly associated with carcinoma of the lower lip. […] Cigarette smoking is well established as the most important risk factor in oral cancer. […] All forms of alcohol have been implicated in the development of oral cancer. […] Actinic radiation has long been associated with cancer of the lower lip. […] The precise oncogenic effects of HSV on the pathogenesis of oral cancers however, have not been established. […] Of interest is the finding that HPV, particularly types 16 and type 18 are, associated with most squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (tonsil) and base of the tongue.

• #52 Precancerous Lip Lesions Vs. Lip Cancer: Causes, Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer

  Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip often develops from a precancerous lesion called actinic cheilitis. […] Actinic cheilitis is a type of precancerous lesion that can form on your lips. Over time, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] AC occurs due to damage from excess exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as from the sun. If left untreated, it can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. […] SCC happens due to damage that accumulates over time from excess UV radiation exposure. On the lips, it can develop from an AC lesion. […] Because they have a common cause, AC and SCC share risk factors. These include: excess exposure to UV radiation. […] Early treatment is important to prevent AC from developing into SCC. Its estimated that AC progresses to SCC in 6% to 10% of cases, although this percentage is higher, 10% to 30%, in some reports. […] Regardless of the exact progression rate, about 95% of SCCs develop from an existing AC. […] SCC can develop from AC, which is a precancerous lip lesion. Both conditions are caused by damage from exposure to UV radiation.

• #53 Understanding Lip Cancer Signs & more- Dr.Amit Cancer Care

  https://dramitchakraborty.com/blog/lip-cancer-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Various factors, including excessive sun exposure, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and a weakened immune system, can cause lip cancer. […] The primary cause of lip cancer is prolonged and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in cells, leading to genetic mutations that can result in cancerous growth. […] Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes increases the risk of lip cancer. The harmful chemicals in tobacco can damage the cells in the lips, leading to abnormal growth. […] Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol use, especially tobacco use, can increase the risk of lip cancer. Alcohol weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off cancerous cells. […] Weakened Immune System: Individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those who have undergone organ transplants or have HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to developing lip cancer.

• #54 Cancers of the Oral Mucosa: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075729-overview

  Tobacco and alcohol use are independent risk factors for mouth cancer and tongue cancer. Heavy tobacco smokers have a 20-fold greater risk; heavy alcohol drinkers a 5-fold greater risk; those who do both have a 50-fold greater risk. […] The etiology of oral SCC appears to be multifactorial and strongly related to lifestyle, mostly habits (particularly tobacco alone or in combination with betel, and/or alcohol use), and a poor diet. […] Sunlight exposure predisposes to lip cancer. […] An immune deficiency state may predispose one to a higher risk of developing oral SCC, especially lip cancer.

• #55 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/indianews/comments/110a3q5/lip_cancer_what_you_really_need_to_know_research/

  Lip cancer is a type of mouth cancer, which sounds scary, but the good news is that if caught early, it can be treated successfully. […] Like many cancers, lip cancer, can be attributed in part to lifestyle factors. The following factors increase the risk: Sun Exposure, Tobacco use, Alcohol use. […] Approximately a third of lip cancers are associated with excessive sun exposure so you could be excused for thinking that we do not need to worry in the United Kingdom. […] Tobacco and alcohol use are also risk factors. People who drink three to four alcoholic beverages a day are twice as likely to develop mouth cancer than those who do not, and the risk is two to three times greater when tobacco use, and daily alcohol consumption are combined. […] The Oral Health Foundation reports that up to 90% of all mouth cancers are linked to lifestyle factors, and that smoking can increase your risk by up to ten times.

• #56 Lip Cancer: A 10-Year Retrospective Epidemiological Study | Anticancer Research

  https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/32/4/1543

  Lip cancer is the most frequent tumor of the oral-maxillary region. A high incidence of lip cancer has been reported among the Italian population over the past decade. The dominant cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma of the external lower lip (predominantly in men). We recorded high rates of chronic solar exposure, and tobacco and alcohol drinking habits in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Individuals aged over 45 years are at higher risk for lip cancer. The high association of the examined risk factors with the rate of squamous cell carcinoma confirms their role in the development of this type of tumor. The combination of long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from exposure to sunlight and a fair skin has been proposed as one of the etiological factors in the epidemiology of lip cancer. Different risk factors have been associated with lip tumors such as age, chronic exposure to solar radiation and tobacco and alcohol habits. In particular, the association of HSV2, exposure to UV rays and chemical factors can considerably increase the risk of these tumors. We found a significant association between lip cancer and risk factors such as solar radiation exposure and tobacco and alcohol drinking. Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is the most widely accepted cause of lip cancer. Smoking is an important factor in lip SCC and the malignant lesion will occur in the location where the cigarette, cigar or pipe is placed. We found a significant association between tobacco habit and SCC of the lower lip. The same finding was made for alcohol drinking habit.

• #57 Can kids get oral cancer? Signs, causes, and survival

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-kids-get-oral-cancer

  Children can get oral cancer, but it is rare. […] Oral cancer causes atypical growths, or tumors, but cancer is not the only explanation for such growths. […] The risk factors for oral cancer in children include having human papillomavirus (HPV) and certain genetic conditions, such as Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, connexin gene mutations, epidermolysis bullosa, and xeroderma pigmentosum. […] Children rarely get oral cancer. […] However, it is not impossible for children to get oral cancer. […] If a child has a new growth in the mouth, such as a lump, sore, thickened skin, or red or white patches that do not get better, caregivers should seek medical attention.

• #58 Understanding Lip Cancer Signs & more- Dr.Amit Cancer Care

  https://dramitchakraborty.com/blog/lip-cancer-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Various factors, including excessive sun exposure, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and a weakened immune system, can cause lip cancer. […] The primary cause of lip cancer is prolonged and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. UV radiation damages the DNA in cells, leading to genetic mutations that can result in cancerous growth. […] Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes increases the risk of lip cancer. The harmful chemicals in tobacco can damage the cells in the lips, leading to abnormal growth. […] Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol use, especially tobacco use, can increase the risk of lip cancer. Alcohol weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off cancerous cells. […] Weakened Immune System: Individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those who have undergone organ transplants or have HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to developing lip cancer.

• #59 Lip cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lip-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355079

  Lip cancer risk factors include excessive sun exposure and tobacco use. […] Factors that can increase your risk of lip cancer include: Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others. […] It’s not clear what causes lip cancer. […] In general, cancer starts when cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA.

• #60 Causes of oral cancer – an appraisal of controversies | British Dental Journal

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sj.bdj.2009.1009

  Major risk factors for oral cancer are cigarette smoking and alcohol misuse. […] The major risk factors are well known, have been reviewed recently and will not be described in detail in this paper. However, there are some emerging risk factors for oral cancer that dentists should be aware of, and some controversies related to the aetiology of this disease that need clarification. […] Several factors that have been often cited as likely to be associated with oral cancer, namely heredity and familial risk, marijuana (cannabis) smoking, khat chewing, medicinal nicotine use, HIV infection and alcohol containing mouthwashes, have not been adequately validated as having sufficient evidence to be linked with oral cancer. […] Major risk factors for oral cancer in the UK population are cigarette smoking and alcohol misuse.

• #61 Lip Cancer: Lip Melanoma & Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/lip

  Lip cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that begins when the cells that make up the lip grow out of control and form lesions or tumors. It is the most common cancer of the mouth. […] Lip cancer can affect anyone. The causes of most lip cancers and melanomas are linked to: smoking or chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, for long periods of time. […] Other factors that might raise your chances for getting lip cancer are: having light-colored skin, being male, having HPV (human papillomavirus), especially strains 16 and 18, being over 40 years old. […] The best ways to prevent lip cancer are to limit how much alcohol you drink and try to quit or cut down on smoking and chewing tobacco. Its also important to stay out of the sun (UV light) for long periods of time, including tanning beds.

• #62 Precancerous Lip Lesions Vs. Lip Cancer: Causes, Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-cancer/precancerous-lip-cancer

  Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip often develops from a precancerous lesion called actinic cheilitis. […] Actinic cheilitis is a type of precancerous lesion that can form on your lips. Over time, it may develop into squamous cell carcinoma. […] AC occurs due to damage from excess exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as from the sun. If left untreated, it can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. […] SCC happens due to damage that accumulates over time from excess UV radiation exposure. On the lips, it can develop from an AC lesion. […] Because they have a common cause, AC and SCC share risk factors. These include: excess exposure to UV radiation. […] Early treatment is important to prevent AC from developing into SCC. Its estimated that AC progresses to SCC in 6% to 10% of cases, although this percentage is higher, 10% to 30%, in some reports. […] Regardless of the exact progression rate, about 95% of SCCs develop from an existing AC. […] SCC can develop from AC, which is a precancerous lip lesion. Both conditions are caused by damage from exposure to UV radiation.

• #63 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Lip cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control, resulting in tumors (solid tissue masses) or lesions (abnormal areas of skin) on your lips. […] Experts dont know exactly what causes lip cancer. As with all cancers, errors in cell DNA cause normal cells to become cancer cells that multiply out of control. The abnormal cancer cells can spread and damage healthy tissue. Experts havent identified one single reason why cells behave this way. But theyve identified several risk factors that people who get lip cancer share. Most have to do with lifestyle and environment. […] Risk factors for lip cancer include: Tobacco use. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes, and using snuff and chewing tobacco. Most lip cancers are linked to tobacco use. […] Heavy alcohol use. You increase your risk of lip cancer by up to 30 times if you use tobacco and also consume excessive amounts of alcohol.

• #64 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/tumors-of-the-head-and-neck/oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma

  The chief risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma are heavy smoking and alcohol use. […] Risk increases dramatically when alcohol use exceeds 177 mL (6 oz) of distilled liquor, 148 mL (5 oz) of wine, or 1065 mL (36 oz) of beer/day. […] The combination of heavy smoking and heavy alcohol consumption is estimated to raise the risk 100-fold in females and 38-fold in males. […] Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue may also result from any chronic irritation, such as dental caries, overuse of mouthwash, chewing tobacco, or the use of betel quid. […] Oral human papillomavirus (HPV), typically acquired via oral-genital contact, may have a role in the etiology of some oral cancers; however, HPV is identified in oral cancer much less often than it is in oropharyngeal cancer, and its presence in resected tissue does not necessarily imply causation.

• #65 Lip Cancer: Lip Melanoma & Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/mouth/types-mouth/lip

  Lip cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that begins when the cells that make up the lip grow out of control and form lesions or tumors. It is the most common cancer of the mouth. […] Lip cancer can affect anyone. The causes of most lip cancers and melanomas are linked to: smoking or chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, being exposed to ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, for long periods of time. […] Other factors that might raise your chances for getting lip cancer are: having light-colored skin, being male, having HPV (human papillomavirus), especially strains 16 and 18, being over 40 years old. […] The best ways to prevent lip cancer are to limit how much alcohol you drink and try to quit or cut down on smoking and chewing tobacco. Its also important to stay out of the sun (UV light) for long periods of time, including tanning beds.

• #66 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/cancer/lip-cancer

  Lip cancer is a type of oral cancer. Common risk factors for lip cancer include tobacco use, sun exposure, and the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] The American Cancer Society (ACS) explains that researchers do not know exactly what causes oral cancers, including lip cancer. However, certain factors can increase your risk of developing lip cancer. […] Research from 2019 identifies tobacco use as a primary risk factor for oral cancers. […] Chewing betel nut, also known as areca nut, also increases the risk of lip cancer. This is particularly true when betel nut is mixed with tobacco, according to the NCI. […] A 2010 study found that alcohol use increased the risk of oral cancer. […] The NCI lists additional risk factors for lip cancer, including sun exposure over long periods, exposure to artificial ultraviolet (UV) light, such as in tanning beds, being male assigned at birth, and age older than 45 years.

• #67 Mouth cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mouth-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20350997

  Factors that can increase the risk of mouth cancer include: Using tobacco. All forms of tobacco increase the risk of mouth cancer. This includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff. […] Drinking alcohol. Frequent and heavy drinking increases the risk of mouth cancer. Using alcohol and tobacco together increases the risk even more. […] Excessive sun exposure to the lips. Ultraviolet light from the sun and tanning lamps increases the risk of lip cancer. […] Being exposed to human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus, also called HPV, is a common virus that’s passed through sexual contact. For most people, it causes no problems and goes away on its own. For others, it causes changes in the cells that can lead to many types of cancer, including mouth cancer. […] A weakened immune system. If the body’s germ-fighting immune system is weakened by medicines or illness, there might be a higher risk of mouth cancer. People with a weakened immune system include those taking medicines to control the immune system, such as after an organ transplant. Certain medical conditions, such as infection with HIV, also can weaken the immune system.

• #68 Lip cancer // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/lip-cancer

  Most lip cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which means they begin in the thin, flat cells in the middle and outer layers of the skin called squamous cells. […] Lip cancer risk factors include excessive sun exposure and tobacco use. […] Factors that can increase your risk of lip cancer include: Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among others; Fair skin; Excessive sun exposure to your lips; A weakened immune system. […] It’s not clear what causes lip cancer. […] In general, cancer starts when cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA.

• #69 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21933-lip-cancer

  Excessive sun exposure. This includes exposure to artificial light in tanning beds. […] Having fair skin. People who are white with light features are most at risk. […] Being over 40. Most people get lip cancer in their 50s and 60s. […] Sex. Males are up to three times more likely to develop lip cancer. […] Having a weakened immune system.

• #70

  https://consensus.app/questions/lip-cancer-pics/

  Lip cancer, a type of squamous cell carcinoma, is a significant health concern globally. […] Several risk factors contribute to the development of lip cancer. Chronic sun exposure is a primary risk factor, especially in regions with high solar radiation like Australia. Tobacco smoking is another significant risk factor, particularly in central and eastern Europe. Additionally, viral infections have been implicated in the etiology of lip cancer. […] Lip cancer should be diagnosed and treated early, with early detection being crucial, as it is often caused by chronic sun exposure and has a high death rate. […] Lip cancer incidence rates are stable or falling among males worldwide, but rising in many female populations, with factors like solar radiation, tobacco smoking, and viruses playing a role in its development.

• #71 Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review | Biomedical Research and Therapy

  http://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/619

  Background: One of the most common cancers is squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which is a serious health challenge worldwide. […] The most important risk factors for oral and lip cancer include tobacco smoke, alcohol drinking, viral infections, exposure to sunlight, and socioeconomic status. […] Exposure to sunlight is a principal risk factor for lip cancer; it increases the incidence of illness in people who are working outdoors or live in the countryside. […] Smoking is a principal risk factor for lip cancer, which can affect both lips equally. […] Viruses are one of the most important features in the development of this cancer. […] Genetic or familial factors are one of the factors which contribute to the development of lip cancer. […] Low socioeconomic status is strongly related to the high risk of lip cancer.

• #72 Risk factors of lip cancer: a critical evaluation based on epidemiological comparisons.

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1619084/

  A description is given of the occurrence of lip, skin, and intraoral cancers in Finland in the period 1953-1973 with the aim of testing certain etiologic hypotheses. […] It was concluded that, in terms of cancer etiology, lip cancer is more closely related to cancer of the oral cavity than to that of the skin. Moreover, some specific socioeconomic factors associated with a low standard of living must be considered as noteworthy risk factors of lip cancer.

• #73 Oral cavity and lip cancer in the world: An epidemiological review | Biomedical Research and Therapy

  http://bmrat.org/index.php/BMRAT/article/view/619

  Excessive use of tobacco (both smoked and chewable), marijuana smoke, alcohol consumption, diet, and body mass index are all risk factors for oral cancer. […] In general, in order to reduce the burden of this cancer, strategies for preventing risk factors, including through controlling tobacco and alcohol use, vaccination against HPV infection to prevent oral cancer, early detection of screening of high-risk populations, and risk reduction through training programs for physician and patients, can all be effective.

• #74 Lip Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/lip-cancers

  Lip cancer develops from abnormal cells that grow out of control and form lesions or tumors on the lips. […] Certain lifestyle choices can increase your risk of developing lip cancer. These include: smoking cigarettes, heavy alcohol use, excessive sun exposure, tanning. […] According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, many cases of oral cancer are linked to tobacco use and heavy alcohol use. […] Sun exposure is also a major risk factor, especially for people who work outdoors. This is because theyre more likely to have prolonged sun exposure. […] The majority of oral cancers are linked to tobacco use. The risk is even higher for people who use both tobacco and drink alcohol, compared with those who use only one of the two. […] Prevent lip cancer by avoiding the use of all types of tobacco, avoiding excessive alcohol use, and limiting exposure to both natural and artificial sunlight, particularly the use of tanning beds.

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