Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dural arteriovenous fistulas – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistulas/symptoms-causes/syc-20364280

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are irregular connections between arteries and veins. […] Although some dAVFs stem from known causes, most often the cause is not known. It’s thought that dAVFs involving large brain veins form when one of the brain’s venous sinuses narrows or becomes blocked. […] Most dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) have no clear origin. But some result from a traumatic head injury, infection, previous brain surgery, blood clots in deep veins or tumors. […] Most experts think that dAVFs involving larger brain veins occur from the narrowing or blockage of one of the brain’s venous sinuses.

• #2 Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Classification, Imaging Findings, and Treatment | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/33/6/1007

  Intracranial DAVFs are pathologic dural-based shunts and account for 10%15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. […] DAVFs have a reported association with dural sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, previous craniotomy, and trauma, though many lesions are idiopathic. […] DAVFs are predominantly idiopathic, though a small percentage of patients have a history of previous craniotomy, trauma, or dural sinus thrombosis. […] Two etiologic hypotheses based around sinus thrombosis have been put forward. […] Heritable risk factors for venous thrombosis, such as antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiencies, have furthermore been associated with DAVF occurrence. […] The etiology of pediatric DAVFs is thought to be congenital or a result of birth trauma, infection, in utero venous thrombosis, or maternal hormones.

• #3 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (dAVF): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf

  A dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is an abnormal connection between an artery and vein within the protective tissue that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. […] Healthcare providers aren’t sure of the exact cause of dural arteriovenous fistulas. Most scientists think that they result from head trauma even if the traumatic event happened years ago. Some studies suggest it could relate to a blockage in the vessels that carry blood away from your brain. An illness, injury or other event could cause the obstruction. […] A dural arteriovenous fistula can affect anyone at any age. The condition is most common among adults between ages 40 and 60. […] Complications of dAVF can be life-threatening and may include: Bleeding within your brain tissue (hemorrhage). […] Theres no known way to prevent a dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). You may be able to reduce your risk by managing any underlying health conditions that may lead to this condition, like blood clotting conditions.

• #4 Dural arteriovenous fistula – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dural_arteriovenous_fistula

  A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) or malformation is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. […] It is still unclear whether DAVFs are congenital or acquired. Current evidence supports transverse-sigmoid sinus junction dural malformations are acquired defects, occurring in response to thrombosis and collateral revascularization of a venous sinus.

• #5 Dural arteriovenous fistula | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dural-arteriovenous-fistula?lang=us

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are a heterogeneous collection of conditions that share arteriovenous shunts from dural vessels. They present variably with hemorrhage or venous hypertension and can be challenging to treat. […] Dural arteriovenous fistulas are usually acquired and in most instances are idiopathic. In patients with a documented antecedent cause, most occur as a result of neovascularization induced by a previously thrombosed dural venous sinus (typically the transverse sinus). Other causes include trauma and previous craniotomy. It is likely that at least some patients with apparently idiopathic fistulae had prior asymptomatic thrombosis, particularly as inherited prothrombotic conditions (e.g. antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiencies) have been associated with the development of dural arteriovenous fistulas.

• #6 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532274/

  Most dural arteriovenous fistulas have no clear origin; however, there is evidence that many are caused after a dural sinus thrombosis, trauma, infection, or prior craniotomy. […] Those dAVFs involving the larger brain veins usually arise from progressive narrowing or blockage of one of the brain’s venous sinuses, which route circulated blood from the brain back to the heart.

• #7 Dural arteriovenous fistulas and headache features: an observational study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-020-1073-1

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are peculiar intracranial vascular malformations, fed by dural arteries and draining venous sinuses or meningeal veins. The DAVFs etiology remains largely uncertain. Regardless of the causes, DAVFs are considered acquired rather than congenital lesions, assuming that the intracranial venous sinus hypertension leads to the development of fistulous connections between the arterial and the venous side of the dural wall. Intracranial venous sinus hypertension is mainly caused by head trauma, infections, tumors, previous craniotomy or dural venous sinus thrombosis. […] The presumed etiology of our case series was idiopathic in 88.1% of cases; in only 4.8% and 7.1% was found respectively a head traumatic cause or cerebral venous thrombosis, in close temporal relation with the diagnosis of DAVFs.

• #8 Mechanism of the Formation of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula – the Role of the Emissary Vein

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3287270/

  Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) can be separated into two types: DAVF which drains through an affected sinus (sinus type) and DAVF with direct reflux to the cortical vein (non-sinus type). […] The etiology of DAVF may be concerned by the thrombo-occlusive change of sinus, the unique theory presented in this report may enable an understanding of the common etiology of both types of DAVF. […] Etiologically, DAVF is revealed secondary to causes such as trauma, inflammation, or sinus thrombosis. […] However, most causes are idiopathic and independent of the preceding hematological and immunological impairments. […] Previous recognition of the etiology of DAVF has been directed to sinus hypertension and thrombosis. […] It is unreasonable to adopt this theory into non-sinus type, because this type has no correspondence with the sinus. […] Our theory based on inflammatory initiation affecting EV can explain both types of DAVF and subsequent development with pathological changes of the drainage route is not contradictory to the previous sinus-oriented theory.

• #9 Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistulae

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare, abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the dura, the protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. […] DAVFs can be caused by head trauma, infection, surgery or blood clots in the brain (thrombosis). Some people are born with DAVFs.

• #10 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/brain/conditions/neurovascular-conditions/conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistula

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are rare, abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the dura, the protective lining of your brain. […] A dAVF may occur spontaneously or as a result of: Blood clot in a venous sinus, which drains blood from your brain. […] Head trauma. […] Infection. […] Surgery. […] In most cases, dAVFs happen spontaneously. However, you may be at increased risk of developing dAVF if you have: A blood clot in the veins that drain blood from your brain (venous sinus). […] A head injury. […] An infection. […] Brain surgery.

• #11 Understanding Risk Factors for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | Dr. Vivek Gupta

  https://doctorvivekgupta.com/understanding-risk-factors-for-dural-arteriovenous-fistulas/

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins within the dura mater, the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord. These abnormal connections can lead to serious health complications, making it crucial to understand the risk factors associated with dural AVFs. […] Several factors contribute to the development of dural arteriovenous fistulas. While the exact cause is often unknown, certain conditions and events are linked to an increased risk of dural AVFs. These include: […] Trauma: Head injuries or surgeries involving the brain can lead to the formation of dural AVFs. Trauma can damage blood vessels, leading to abnormal connections between arteries and veins. […] Infections: Infections such as meningitis can cause inflammation of the dura mater, increasing the likelihood of developing dural AVFs. The inflammatory process can weaken blood vessel walls, facilitating abnormal connections.

• #12 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Overview | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/arteriovenous-fistula/types/overview

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are uncommon, yet significant vascular disorders that occur within the dura mater, the protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. […] The most common cause of dAVFs is thought to be related to trauma, surgery, or the presence of a thrombosis (blood clot) in the dural venous sinuses. […] The most common cause of dAVFs is thought to be related to an acquired condition rather than a congenital one. Many patients with dAVFs have a history of head trauma, surgery, or a blood clot in the brain (dural venous thrombosis). […] As mentioned, dAVF suspected causes can include trauma, infection, surgery, or conditions that lead to blood clots in the veins of the brain. […] Factors like high blood pressure and venous hypertension (high blood pressure in the veins) have also been associated with the development of dAVFs.

• #13 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (dAVF) – Toronto Neurovascular Group

  https://torontoneurovascular.com/become-our-patient/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf/

  A lot of research has been performed to look at these dAVF, and nobody knows for certain how they are formed. […] The leading theory is that at some stage, a blood clot forms in the sinuses the veins draining the brain. […] This then causes back-pressure in the veins, and eventually this pressure is enough that a connection forms between these veins and the arteries which run very close by. […] High-grade dAVFs are at a higher risk of bleeding, as we discussed earlier. […] We usually recommend treatment for these, in order to decrease your risk of a brain haemorrhage over time.

• #14 Arteriovenous Fistulas: The Pathological Bridge | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69798

  An intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a type of intracranial vascular malformation in which there is a connection between an intracranial artery and a dural venous sinus. It accounts for 1015% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. […] The etiology of these lesions is not fully understood; some are congenital, and others are acquired. DAVFs in the pediatric population are associated with structural venous abnormalities, but most DAVFs are thought to be acquired. Different etiologies have been implicated in this phenomenon, namely sinus thrombosis, trauma, or surgery. […] Some patients with DAVFs have been found to have venous sinus occlusion, which was proposed to be the direct cause for the development of the fistula. While others were found to have venous sinus thrombosis which resulted in the formation of small dural arteriovenous shunts by the invasion of angiogenic factors, released from the organizing thrombus, to a group of small dural arteries.

• #15

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/fulltext/2024/04000/dural_arteriovenous_fistulas_with_or_without.15.aspx

  Recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). […] The pathogenesis of DAVF is still controversial, which was initially believed to be congenital, but now generally considered to be acquired. […] The association of the two disease entities seems to be bidirectional. On the one hand, thrombus in the cerebral veins or venous sinuses can block blood flow, increase venous pressure and decrease cerebral perfusion, and cause the opening up of pre-existing physiological arteriovenous shunts or the stimulation of neoangiogenesis, ultimately leading to the formation of DAVF; on the other hand, DAVF may generate secondary CVT, as well. […] It has been reported that DAVF is present in approximately 0.9%13% of patients with CVT, and the occurrence of CVT in patients with DAVF is 31%39%.

• #16 Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: association with cerebral venous thrombosis, baseline aggressiveness, and clinical outcomes. A retrospective multicenter study on 263 consecutive patients and literature review in: Neurosurgical Focus Volume 56 I

  https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/56/3/article-pE9.xml

  The pathogenesis of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (icDAVFs) is controversial. Cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and venous hypertension are recognized predisposing factors. […] Former/active smoking (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0793.682, p = 0.022) and prothrombogenic status (active inflammation or cancer/coagulation trouble) were risk factors for CVT associated with icDAVF (OR 3.135, 95% CI 1.3917.108, p = 0.003). […] Their precise etiology is still unclear, but two intertwined mechanisms that may lead to icDAVF occurrence have been recognized: cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and venous hypertension. […] An association between icDAVF and CVT is widely recognized, but the precise incidence in large cohorts is missing. […] A CVT was present in 28.5% of our population diagnosed with an icDAVF.

• #17 Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-dural-arteriovenous-fistula?lang=us

  Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are the most common type of spinal vascular malformation, accounting for ~70% of all such lesions. […] Nearly 60% of SDAVFs are spontaneous, with the remainder being caused by trauma.

• #18 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (DAVF) and Carotid-Cavernous Fistula (CCF) | Eminence Neurosurgery

  https://eminenceneurosurgery.com.au/conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf-and-carotid-cavernous-fistula-ccf

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas are often caused when a blood clot (thrombosis) has formed in a dural sinus (one of the large veins surrounding the brain). […] These blood clots can form for example after a head injury. […] These blood clots can form for example after an infection, particularly ear infections. […] These blood clots can form for example after brain surgery. […] These blood clots can form for example in conjunction with a brain tumour / benign meningeal tumours. […] These blood clots can form for example increased clotting tendencies. […] These blood clots can form for example hereditary factors increasing the risk of developing vein thrombosis.

• #19 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistula

  A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), also called a dural arteriovenous malformation (dural AVM), is an atypical connection between blood vessels in the dura. […] DAVFs may arise as a result of trauma, infection or surgery. Revascularization that develops in the presence of a clot obstructing flow in an existing vessel can also lead to DAVF.

• #20 Arteriovenous Fistulas: The Pathological Bridge | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69798

  Besides occurring incidentally, the development of DAVFs has been caused by a wide range of events with head trauma, with or without skull fractures, being the most common one. Other preceding events include surgical operations like craniotomy, hormonal alterations like what happens in cases of pregnancy and menopause, infections like cases of otitis and sinusitis, and tumors, particularly meningiomas.

• #21 What Is Dural Arteriovenous Fistula?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/heart-circulatory-health/dural-arteriovenous-fistulas

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein. […] Most of the dural arteriovenous fistulas do not have an exact origin, although some result from identifiable causes such as infection, traumatic head injury, tumors, or previous brain surgery. […] An arteriovenous fistula can also occur if individuals have a piercing injury, such as a stab wound or gunshot, on the part of the body where an artery and vein are present adjacent to each other. […] Blood clots in veins are one of the risk factors for dural arteriovenous fistula. Recent findings indicate a possible link between the emergence of dAVFs and benign meningeal malignancies. […] The leading cause of a fistula is an abnormal connection between two structures due to several reasons, such as injury or trauma, infection, inflammation, congenital defects, or surgery complications. […] Arteriovenous fistulas are most commonly caused as a complication of medical treatments such as hemodialysis or specific medical procedures. Other causes of AV fistula include trauma, penetrating injuries, and vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis or vasculitis.

• #22 Understanding Risk Factors for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | Dr. Vivek Gupta

  https://doctorvivekgupta.com/understanding-risk-factors-for-dural-arteriovenous-fistulas/

  Genetic Factors: Although rare, some genetic conditions may predispose individuals to dural AVFs. These conditions can affect the integrity of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to abnormal connections. […] Medical Conditions: Conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis can contribute to the formation of dural AVFs. Elevated blood pressure and arterial plaques can stress blood vessels, leading to the development of fistulas. Sometimes, conditions like dural venous sinus thrombosis, a condition where venous blood sinuses in brain get occluded also lead to formation of dAVF.

• #23 Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF

  http://the-jcen.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.7461/jcen.2022.E2021.04.001

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are pathologic shunts between pachymeningeal arteries and dural venous channel. […] The etiology of DAVFs is not fully understood, but the majority of DAVFs in adulthood appear to be acquired. Different etiologies have been implicated such as trauma, previous craniotomy, and a hypercoagulable state including malignancy, pregnancy, infection, and prothrombotic genes. […] Conditions associated with vascular fragility such as fibromuscular dysplasia and neurofibromatosis type 1 are associated with spinal DAVFs. Histopathological examination supported the theory of venous hypertension as a pathophysiological mechanism in the development of DAVFs and increased venous congestion as a cause of neurological deterioration.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgpraconline/fulltext/2021/06000/de_novo_pial_arteriovenous_fistula_associated_with.11.aspx

  The etiology of de novo pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is unknown. […] We speculate that venous hypertension associated with additional angiogenic stimuli (second hit) due to brain ischemia and/or brain injury related to infarction caused de novo pial AVF in these 2 cases. […] Dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is well known as an acquired disease that can be triggered by venous hypertension, trauma, and/or sinus thrombosis, among others. […] We found 2 cases of pial AVF formed around the brain tissue associated with arterial or venous infarction under conditions of venous hypertension secondary to sinus thrombosis associated with and without dural AVF. […] We now theorize that a second impact of angiogenic stimuli around the cerebral infarction may also be a cause of new de novo pial AVF under venous hypertension in these 2 cases.

• #25 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/30/4/639

  Spinal dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are the most commonly encountered vascular malformation of the spinal cord and a treatable cause for progressive para- or tetraplegia. […] The AV shunt is located inside the dura mater close to the spinal nerve root where the arterial blood from a radiculomeningeal artery enters a radicular vein. […] It is presumed that SDAVFs are acquired diseases, though their exact etiology is not known. […] The increase in spinal venous pressure due to arterialization diminishes the AV pressure gradient and leads to a decreased drainage of normal spinal veins and a venous congestion with intramedullary edema because the intramedullary veins and the radicular vein share a common venous outflow. […] This congestion, in turn, leads to chronic hypoxia and progressive myelopathy.

• #26 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/30/4/639

  Direct intraoperative measurement of the vascular pressure of the fistula was found to be as high as 74% of the systemic arterial pressure. […] The most common classic types of SDAVFs are the lateral epidural DAVFs. […] A strong male predominance is also observed, which is similar to that in the cranially located lateral epidural DAVFs. […] In approximately 2% of patients, double spinal DAVFs or an association of a spinal dural with a spinal pial AV shunt may be present, raising the possibility of a potential etiologic connection.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgpraconline/fulltext/2021/06000/de_novo_pial_arteriovenous_fistula_associated_with.11.aspx

  The common factor in our 2 cases is the existence of venous hypertension associated with sinus thrombosis and tissue injury due to venous or arterial infarction. […] It is well known that venous hypertension itself causes de novo AVF, including dAVF, as reported in our previous report. […] The reason why a de novo AVF appeared around the infarction site is that strong angiogenic stimuli appear in the damaged tissue such as arterial or venous infarction or injury. […] The increased expression of VEGF is caused by brain injury and continues for at least 6 d and is associated with an increase in microvessels. […] We hypothesize that venous hypertension associated with additional angiogenic stimuli due to brain ischemia or brain injury related to infarction is a cause of de novo pial AVF in these 2 cases.

• #28 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Treatment Sydney – CURA Medical SpecialistsCURA Specialists

  https://curaspecialists.com.au/conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-treatment-sydney/

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (often referred to as DAVFs), are rare vascular malformations. They are abnormal connections that grow between veins and arteries found in the outer thick covering of the brain and spinal cord known as the dura mater, with direct drainage into the dural leaflets of the venous sinuses. […] DAVFs can be caused when a blood clot or thrombosis has formed in one of the large veins surrounding the brain (dural sinus). As the clot heals a new pathway created by enlarged arteries is created and this is what is referred to as the fistula. These blood clots can form: […] After a head injury […] After an infection, especially ear infections […] After brain surgery […] In conjunction with a brain tumour […] Increased blood clotting […] Hereditary factors, such as the increased risk of developing vein thrombosis.

• #29 Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) | STROKE MANUAL

  https://www.stroke-manual.com/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf/

  Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is characterized by abnormal connections (shunts) between an artery and a vein; DAVF typically presents with tinnitus, hemorrhage, or venous hypertension. […] Most DAVFs are idiopathic; some patients have a history of previous craniotomy, head trauma, or dural sinus thrombosis. […] DAVF accounts for 10-15% of vascular malformations and most commonly affects patients aged 40-60 years.

• #30 :: KJR :: Korean Journal of Radiology

  https://www.kjronline.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3348/kjr.2015.16.5.1119

  Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is the most common spinal vascular malformation, however it is still rare and frequently mis- or under-diagnosed. […] The exact etiology of SDAVF remains unclear. The majority of patients become symptomatic in middle age, suggesting that it is an acquired disease. Male predilection is also well known. Trauma is not considered a major causative factor in SDAVF due to the fact that trauma to the spine has been reported in merely 4% of patients. […] As compared with spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM), SDAVF is never located within the spinal parenchyma and seldom causes intramedullary hemorrhage.

• #31 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: The Missing-Piece Sign | Ochsner Journal

  https://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/22/1/10

  sDAVFs, although a rare pathology, are the most common vascular shunts of the spine, characterized by an abnormal communication between arteries and veins within the dura. These connections are classically located within the dura mater near spinal nerve roots. Branches of the radiculomeningeal artery make up the majority of the arterial components of the shunt, while the venous component usually consists of a radicular vein. Although their exact etiology is not fully understood, sDAVFs are presumed to be acquired lesions with several potential predisposing factors, including thrombosis of the extradural spinal veins and traumatic injury, although some lesions may be idiopathic. Communicating arteries cause decreased arteriovenous pressure gradients, leading to decreased venous drainage and subsequent venous congestion with intramedullary edema. This congestion can cause chronic hypoxia which, if left untreated, results in ischemia and necrosis.

• #32 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Sigmoid Sinus: Spontaneous Thrombosis of the Fistula and Recanalization of the Sinus | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-51200-2_48-1

  Arteriovenous shunts between cranial arteries and veins occur as congenital or acquired lesions, and are not rare. Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are usually acquired and have a much higher incidence than congenital arteriovenous malformations. The main mechanisms believed to cause or favor the formation of intracranial DAVFs are sudden local alterations in venous blood flow or sudden local elevations in blood pressure. Both can be caused by venous thrombosis or trauma to the head and neck, as well as local inflammation. […] The circumstances surrounding the spontaneous obliteration of cranial DAVFs are the main topic of this chapter. […] Factors predicting spontaneous thrombosis of aggressive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

• #33 Dural arteriovenous fistula, a rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia in a patient with bilateral thalamic lesions: a case report – Zhang – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/67337/html

  There are many causes of bilateral thalamic lesions, but few cases of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) associated with such lesions have been reported previously. […] DAVFs are vascular malformations in which meningeal arteries drain directly into dural venous sinuses, meningeal veins, or subarachnoid veins. […] DAVFs in the vein of Galen are relatively uncommon and have only been described in a few cases. […] Therefore, in patients who present with RPD accompanied by thalamic lesions, the possibility of vessel diseases, and especially DAVFs, should be considered. […] Bilateral thalamic lesions are uncommon, and those caused by DAVFs are even rarer. […] Most supply arteries of fistulas are middle meningeal arteries, occipital arteries, or posterior meningeal arteries. […] The drainage veins can be the vein of Galen, basal veins of Rosenthal, internal cerebral veins, or straight sinus. […] The bithalamic lesion was caused by vasogenic oedema, which was confirmed by MRI features and was consistent with the region of venous drainage. […] The early recognition and intervention of DAVFs is crucial for good prognosis, so that fistulas can be embolized in time.

• #34 Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) Symptoms and Treatment

  https://neuroandvascular.com/blog/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) and carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are two forms of AVFs that are acquired rather than hereditary. Infections or traumatic injuries can cause AVFs. However, the exact reason for AVFs is unknown. […] An untreated dural AVF over a period of time may convert itself from a benign type more aggressive type and may cause a catastrophic brain hemorrhage.

• #35 A Rare and Treatable Cause of Medullar Claudication: Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula | Ochsner Journal

  https://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/19/4/397

  Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is a rare and underdiagnosed disorder. […] Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas principally affect middle-aged men and correspond to the presence of an arteriovenous shunt located in the spinal dura matter between a dural artery and a radicular vein. […] Arterialization of the spinal vein results in venous hyperpressure that hinders the venous return to the spinal cord and thus causes a chronic hypoxic congestive myelopathy, explaining why the clinical presentation is progressive myelopathy. […] The diagnosis is difficult to establish, and the mean delay to diagnosis is approximately 15 months. […] Because spinal dural arteriovenous fistula is not a well-known condition and has a nonspecific clinical presentation, patients may be referred to different specialists.

• #36 Dural arteriovenous fistula masquerading as pulsatile tinnitus: radiologic assessment and clinical implications | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/srep36601

  Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is often an initial presenting symptom of dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), but it may be overlooked or diagnosed late if not suspected on initial diagnostic work-up. […] Of known underlying diseases, intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is one of the most common causes of arterial pulse synchronous PT. […] dAVF indicates an abnormal direct connection between dural arteries and dural veins or a venous sinus, accounting for 10-15% of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. […] PT is often the sole initial symptom of dAVF, but a high index of suspicion and an appropriate evaluation are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and potentially catastrophic consequences. […] Considering that most dAVFs are curable with presently available treatment modalities, accurate diagnosis of dAVF presenting with only PT by performing a meticulous physical examination and choosing appropriate neuroimaging modalities is essential. […] To sum up, PT was the only initial symptom in more than 10% of dAVF, and the transverse-sigmoid sinus was the most common site of dAVF triggering PT. […] In most cases, PT originating from dAVF can be cured by transarterial embolization regardless of the location and venous drainage pattern.

• #37 Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: association with cerebral venous thrombosis, baseline aggressiveness, and clinical outcomes. A retrospective multicenter study on 263 consecutive patients and literature review in: Neurosurgical Focus Volume 56 I

  https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/56/3/article-pE9.xml

  A preceding CVT was observed in 6.8% of our overall population, more frequent than previously reported, suggesting potential underestimation due to the absence of systematic pre-icDAVF diagnostic imaging. […] The presence of CVT might make access to the fistulous point challenging and/or restrict the embolization material from penetrating toward the shunt point.

• #38 Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: The Missing-Piece Sign | Ochsner Journal

  https://www.ochsnerjournal.org/content/22/1/10

  A characteristic enhancement pattern for sDAVFs known as the missing-piece sign has been recently described in the literature. The missing-piece sign can be seen on MRI and is defined as at least one discrete region of nonenhancement within a long segment of intense spinal cord gadolinium enhancement. This pattern of enhancement appears specific for the diagnosis of sDAVFs when compared to other patterns of spinal cord enhancement. […] General management and treatment strategies depend on many factors, such as clinical symptoms, fistula localization and classification, and risk of hemorrhage. The complexity and variability of sDAVFs warrant a multidisciplinary approach and careful planning. Multiple classification systems for DAVFs have been proposed. A popular classification system for DAVFs is the Cognard classification that categorizes DAVFs into 5 types based upon lesion location, presence of cortical venous drainage, flow direction, and presence of venous ectasia. […] Treatment options for sDAVFs include endovascular embolization, surgical ligation, or a combination of both, with treatment planning best suited for discussion among multidisciplinary teams.

• #39

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00062-009-8038-8

  Spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal arteriovenous shunts within the dura mater of the sinuses. The exact etiology remains uncertain. […] The clinical symptoms are highly dependent on the venous drainage. […] Based on the patterns of venous drainage, a classification and a treatment strategy are possible. […] The therapeutic modalities include manual compression, transarterial embolization, transvenous embolization, and/or surgical resection. […] Recent technical advances concerning embolic material and microcatheter make endovascular treatment less dangerous and more effective. […] Etiological evaluation of dural arteriovenous malformations of the lateral and sigmoid sinuses based on histopathological examination. […] Histopathological aspects of dural arteriovenous fistulas in the transverse-sigmoid sinus region in nine patients.

• #40 Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (dAVF): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/dural-arteriovenous-fistula-davf

  Your prognosis depends on many factors, like the location of the fistula and whether bleeding has occurred. With early discovery and treatment, your prognosis is positive. Unfortunately, some dural arteriovenous fistulas can lead to permanent or life-threatening complications. […] A dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a condition that can have a major or limited impact on your life. Some cases don’t cause disruptions and only need close monitoring by your healthcare provider. Others can cause permanent or life-threatening complications if not diagnosed and treated quickly.

• #41

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00062-009-8038-8

  Etiologic Factors in Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations. […] Development of acquired arteriovenous fistulas in rats due to venous hypertension. […] Redefined role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous malformations. […] Expression of angiogenetic growth factor in the rat DAVF model. […] Dural arteriovenous fistulas as a cause of intracranial hypertension due to impairment of cranial venous outflow.

• #42 Dural arteriovenous fistulas | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/dural-arteriovenous-fistulas?content_id=CON-20309677

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are irregular connections between arteries and veins. They occur in the tough covering over the brain or spinal cord, known as the dura mater. […] Although some dAVFs stem from known causes, most often the cause is not known. It’s thought that dAVFs involving large brain veins form when one of the brain’s venous sinuses narrows or becomes blocked. […] Most dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) have no clear origin. But some result from a traumatic head injury, infection, previous brain surgery, blood clots in deep veins or tumors. […] Most experts think that dAVFs involving larger brain veins occur from the narrowing or blockage of one of the brain’s venous sinuses.

• #43 Dural arteriovenous fistulas – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/dural-arteriovenous-fistulas/

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are abnormal connections between an artery and a vein in the tough covering over the brain or spinal cord (dura mater). […] Although some dAVFs stem from identifiable causes, it’s thought that dAVFs involving large brain veins usually develop due to narrowing or blockage of one of the brain’s venous sinuses, which normally route circulated blood from the brain back to the heart. […] Most dural arteriovenous fistulas have no clear origin, although some result from identifiable causes such as traumatic head injury, infection, previous brain surgery or tumors. Most authorities think that dAVFs involving the larger brain veins usually arise from progressive narrowing or blockage of one of the brain’s venous sinuses, which route circulated blood from the brain back to the heart.

• #44 Introduction. Dural arteriovenous fistulas: multimodal diagnosis, management, and outcomes in: Neurosurgical Focus Volume 56 Issue 3 (2024) Journals

  https://thejns.org/focus/view/journals/neurosurg-focus/56/3/article-pE1.xml

  Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are relatively rare lesions that comprise an abnormal communication between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses, cortical veins, or spinal cord veins. Their etiology may be congenital, spontaneous, or linked with venous thrombosis and trauma. […] The natural history of DAVFs is extremely variable, from benign and asymptomatic to critical presentations with an intracerebral hemorrhage or myelopathy. […] DAVFs remain complex arteriovenous anomalies requiring careful clinical evaluation and consideration for treatment with a single or multidisciplinary approach.

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