Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ruptured Eardrum: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15581-ruptured-eardrum-acutely-perforated-tympanic-membrane

  Protecting your ears is the best way to prevent ruptured eardrums. […] Protecting your ears goes a long way toward preventing a ruptured eardrum. Ways to protect your ears and eardrum include: […] Getting treatment for middle ear infections: Middle ear infection symptoms include earache, nasal congestion, fever and trouble hearing. Contact a healthcare provider if your symptoms last for more than a few days. […] Cleaning with care: Don’t use cotton swabs or other objects to clean your ears it’s easy to rupture an eardrum, even with a cotton swab. Instead, gently wipe the outside of your ear with a clean finger or the end of a clean cloth. […] Avoiding airplane ear: Airplane ear is barotrauma. Barotrauma feels as if someone has stuffed your head with cotton. You may develop airplane ear while flying in an airplane. Sudden altitude changes when planes take off and land may affect your ears. You may be able to avoid airplane ear by yawning, chewing gum or wearing special earplugs that neutralize air pressure changes. […] Protecting your ears from explosive noise: You may rupture your eardrum if you’re close to explosive noises like firing guns or explosives going off. Wear earplugs or other ear protection any time you think you could be exposed to explosive noise.

• #1 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-eardrum/symptoms-causes/syc-20351879

  A ruptured eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a hole or tear in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear (eardrum). […] A ruptured eardrum usually heals within a few weeks without treatment. But sometimes it requires a patch or surgical repair to heal. […] Follow these tips to avoid a ruptured (perforated) eardrum: […] Get treatment for middle ear infections. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of middle ear infection, including earache, fever, nasal congestion and reduced hearing. […] Protect your ears during flight. If possible, don’t fly if you have a cold or an active allergy that causes nasal or ear congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects. Never attempt to dig out excess or hardened earwax with items such as a cotton swab, paper clip or hairpin. […] Guard against explosive noise. Avoid activities that expose the ears to explosions.

• #1 Ruptured Eardrum | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/ruptured-eardrum.html

  A ruptured eardrum often heals on its own, but you may need treatment to fix it. […] Most small eardrum perforations will heal within three to six weeks. […] In most cases, a perforated eardrum happens accidentally. However, you can take certain precautions to avoid damaging your eardrum, such as: Chewing gum, sucking on hard candy, or yawning while flying during takeoff and landing (if you usually feel pain or pressure on airplanes); Keeping objects and your fingers out of your ears, including cotton swabs (your ears naturally get rid of wax and clean themselves); Teaching your children to never put items inside their ears; Treating ear infections promptly; Wearing ear protection around loud noises. […] If you do experience a ruptured eardrum, make sure to keep your ear dry as it heals. Water inside your ear can lead to a middle ear infection (otitis media). Infection can cause more serious problems to develop, such as facial nerve paralysis (inability to move your face muscles) or permanent hearing loss. In very severe cases, infection can spread outside the ear to the neck or brain.

• #1 Perforated Eardrum – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/perforated-eardrum-a-to-z

  There are several steps you can take to prevent a perforated eardrum: […] You can reduce the risk of a perforated eardrum by preventing middle ear infections. To help prevent infections, minimize certain environmental conditions — exposure to tobacco smoke and allergens — and avoid direct contact with people with a cold or flu. Children also can get immunizations against two common bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) that cause middle ear infections. […] Do not insert cotton swabs into the ear canal during cleaning because this can tear the eardrum. […] If an object gets into your ear, have it removed by your doctor to minimize the risk of ear injury. Don’t try to take out the object yourself unless you can see it clearly, it is soft and you can remove it easily. […] Have all infections treated promptly to avoid complications.

• #1 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane rupture is generally unintentional, prevention tactics are limited. […] Patients should always be instructed not to use cotton tip swabs in an attempt to clean the ear, as this can cause direct trauma and perforation. […] Strict instructions should be provided against the use of cotton tip swabs for the prevention of TM rupture. […] Once the patient is found to have a tympanic membrane rupture, the most important take-home instruction is to keep the ear dry. […] If water enters the ear, it can be a nidus for AOM, causing increased complications.

• #1 Tympanic Membrane Rupture (Perforated Eardrum) – Divers Alert Network

  https://dan.org/health-medicine/health-resources/diseases-conditions/tympanic-membrane-rupture-perforated-eardrum/

  Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a tear of the eardrum, which can occur while diving due to failed middle-ear equalization. […] Eardrum rupture can be caused by descending without equalizing the pressure in the middle ear, a forceful Valsalva maneuver, an explosion, a blow to the ear or head, or acoustic trauma. […] Do not dive when congested. […] Refrain from diving when feeling popping or crackling in your ears, or if you have a feeling of fullness in your ears after diving. […] Learn and use proper equalization techniques. […] If you suspect you have had a tympanic membrane rupture you should stop diving immediately. […] If you dive with a rupture, water could pass through your ear canal into the middle ear. This could cause a sudden onset of vertigo. […] Avoid any Valsalva-like maneuvers for middle-ear equalization, sneezing and nose blowing. […] Most perforated eardrums will heal spontaneously within a few weeks. It may be necessary to treat nasal and sinus congestion. […] Chronic perforations that do not heal are a contraindication to diving.

• #1 Traumatic Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-and-tympanic-membrane-disorders/traumatic-perforation-of-the-tympanic-membrane

  Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane can cause pain, bleeding, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. […] Antibiotics may be needed to prevent or treat infection. […] Dry ear precautions include occluding the external canal (eg, using a cotton ball lathered with petroleum jelly) while bathing and showering and avoiding swimming. […] However, prophylaxis with antibiotic ear drops is necessary if contaminants may have entered through the perforation as occurs in dirty injuries. […] Instruct patients to keep their ear dry during healing; topical or systemic antibiotics are unnecessary unless contamination is significant or infection develops.

• #1 Perforated Eardrum – ENTSC

  https://www.entsc.com/perforated-eardrum/

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. During the healing process the ear must be protected from water and trauma. Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] Surgery is typically quite successful in closing the perforation permanently, and improving hearing.

• #1 I Think I Ruptured My Eardrum | What Can I Do About It? | Hearing Doctors

  https://hearingaiddoctors.com/patient-resources/how-do-you-know-if-you-ruptured-your-eardrum

  Ruptured eardrum prevention involves some things you can do to protect your ears and prevent eardrum ruptures, including: Avoid putting foreign objects in your ears even if they look like they are harmless, especially in an attempt to scratch your ear canal or remove earwax. Instead, opt for professional earwax removal by Hearing Doctors. Stay away from activities where you know loud noise will be inevitable, or wear hearing protection while you participate. Hearing protection is available at Hearing Doctors. Be aware of the conditions of altitude when flying with a cold, congestion, or an active allergy, and use pressure-equalizing ear plugs to equalize the pressure in your ears during takeoff and landing. Carefully monitor your descension and ascension rates when scuba diving. Treat ear infections as soon as you recognize the symptoms.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-eardrum/symptoms-causes/syc-20351879

  A ruptured eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a hole or tear in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear (eardrum). […] A ruptured eardrum usually heals within a few weeks without treatment. But sometimes it requires a patch or surgical repair to heal. […] Follow these tips to avoid a ruptured (perforated) eardrum: […] Get treatment for middle ear infections. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of middle ear infection, including earache, fever, nasal congestion and reduced hearing. […] Protect your ears during flight. If possible, don’t fly if you have a cold or an active allergy that causes nasal or ear congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects. Never attempt to dig out excess or hardened earwax with items such as a cotton swab, paper clip or hairpin. […] Guard against explosive noise. Avoid activities that expose the ears to explosions.

• #2 Ruptured Eardrum: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15581-ruptured-eardrum-acutely-perforated-tympanic-membrane

  Protecting your ears is the best way to prevent ruptured eardrums. […] Protecting your ears goes a long way toward preventing a ruptured eardrum. Ways to protect your ears and eardrum include: […] Getting treatment for middle ear infections: Middle ear infection symptoms include earache, nasal congestion, fever and trouble hearing. Contact a healthcare provider if your symptoms last for more than a few days. […] Cleaning with care: Don’t use cotton swabs or other objects to clean your ears it’s easy to rupture an eardrum, even with a cotton swab. Instead, gently wipe the outside of your ear with a clean finger or the end of a clean cloth. […] Avoiding airplane ear: Airplane ear is barotrauma. Barotrauma feels as if someone has stuffed your head with cotton. You may develop airplane ear while flying in an airplane. Sudden altitude changes when planes take off and land may affect your ears. You may be able to avoid airplane ear by yawning, chewing gum or wearing special earplugs that neutralize air pressure changes. […] Protecting your ears from explosive noise: You may rupture your eardrum if you’re close to explosive noises like firing guns or explosives going off. Wear earplugs or other ear protection any time you think you could be exposed to explosive noise.

• #2

• #2 Ruptured Eardrum: Symptoms, Treatments, and Recovery

  https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/ruptured-eardrum-symptoms-and-treatments

  The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear — even to clean it — and to treat any ear infections promptly. Have your doctor remove any foreign objects in your ear. Don’t try to remove it yourself because you could make things worse.

• #2 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane rupture is generally unintentional, prevention tactics are limited. […] Patients should always be instructed not to use cotton tip swabs in an attempt to clean the ear, as this can cause direct trauma and perforation. […] Strict instructions should be provided against the use of cotton tip swabs for the prevention of TM rupture. […] Once the patient is found to have a tympanic membrane rupture, the most important take-home instruction is to keep the ear dry. […] If water enters the ear, it can be a nidus for AOM, causing increased complications.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325543

  A ruptured eardrum can occur as a result of several different causes: […] People should avoid inserting any objects into their ear, even to clean the ear, to prevent damage to the eardrum. […] If people have an ear infection, they should receive treatment as soon as possible to prevent it from worsening or resulting in a ruptured eardrum. Certain vaccinations, such as the flu jab or pneumococcal vaccination, can also lower the risk of getting ear infections in the first place. […] Avoiding smoking or secondhand smoke can also reduce a person’s risk of getting ear infections. […] The eustachian tubes must remain open so that a change in air or water pressure does not cause ear barotrauma. […] To help keep them open and relieve pressure on the eardrum when flying, people can try the following: swallowing frequently, chewing gum or sucking on a hard candy, yawning or opening the mouth wide, blocking the nostrils with the thumb and forefinger and gently breathing out through a closed mouth, using special earplugs that manufacturers have designed for flying.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325543

  People flying with a cold or a stuffy nose may find that taking a decongestant before the flight helps keep the airways more open. […] When scuba diving, people can usually equalize their ears by descending slowly and avoiding diving with a cold or symptoms of an allergy. […] People with ear barotrauma should not fly or dive again until their doctor confirms that it is safe to do so. […] People can protect their ears from loud noises by wearing earplugs, earmuffs, or other ear protection when in a noisy setting, such as a music concert, building site, or shooting range. […] Anyone at risk of blows to the ear from sports should also consider wearing ear protection during these activities.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ruptured-eardrum-perforated-eardrum

  A ruptured eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a hole or tear in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear (eardrum). […] A ruptured (perforated) eardrum prevents the proper transmission of sound waves to the middle ear and leaves the middle ear vulnerable to infectious agents, water and other foreign substances. […] Follow these tips to avoid a ruptured (perforated) eardrum: Get treatment for middle ear infections. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of middle ear infection, including earache, fever, nasal congestion and reduced hearing. […] Protect your ears during flight. If possible, don’t fly if you have a cold or an active allergy that causes nasal or ear congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects. Never attempt to dig out excess or hardened earwax with items such as a cotton swab, paper clip or hairpin. […] Guard against explosive noise. Avoid activities that expose the ears to explosions. If your hobbies or work involves planned activities that produce explosive noise, protect your ears from unnecessary damage by wearing protective earplugs or earmuffs.

• #2 Traumatic Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/middle-ear-and-tympanic-membrane-disorders/traumatic-perforation-of-the-tympanic-membrane

  Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane can cause pain, bleeding, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. […] Antibiotics may be needed to prevent or treat infection. […] Dry ear precautions include occluding the external canal (eg, using a cotton ball lathered with petroleum jelly) while bathing and showering and avoiding swimming. […] However, prophylaxis with antibiotic ear drops is necessary if contaminants may have entered through the perforation as occurs in dirty injuries. […] Instruct patients to keep their ear dry during healing; topical or systemic antibiotics are unnecessary unless contamination is significant or infection develops.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-eardrum/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351884

  Your provider or an ENT specialist can often determine if you have a ruptured (perforated) eardrum with a visual inspection using a lighted instrument (otoscope or microscope). […] Most ruptured (perforated) eardrums heal without treatment within a few weeks. Your provider may prescribe antibiotic drops if there’s evidence of infection. If the tear or hole in the eardrum doesn’t heal by itself, treatment will likely involve procedures to close the tear or hole. […] A ruptured (perforated) eardrum usually heals on its own within weeks. In some cases, healing takes months. Until your provider tells you that your ear is healed, protect it by: Keeping the ear dry. Place a waterproof silicone earplug or cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in the ear when showering or bathing. […] If you think that you have a ruptured eardrum, be careful to keep your ears dry to prevent infection. Don’t go swimming until your condition has been evaluated and discussed with your provider. To keep water out of the ear when showering or bathing, use a moldable, waterproof silicone earplug or put a cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in the outer ear.

• #2 Ruptured eardrum – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/ruptured-eardrum

  A ruptured eardrum is an opening or hole in the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin piece of tissue that separates the outer and middle ear. Damage to the eardrum may harm hearing. […] Ear infections may cause a ruptured eardrum. This occurs more often in children. The infection causes pus or fluid to build up behind the eardrum. As the pressure increases, the eardrum may break open (rupture). […] You can take steps at home to treat ear pain. […] Keep the ear clean and dry while it is healing. […] Your provider may prescribe antibiotics (oral or ear drops) to prevent or treat an infection. […] DO NOT insert objects into the ear canal, even to clean it. Objects stuck in the ear should only be removed by a provider. Have ear infections treated right away.

• #2 Perforated Eardrum – Lexington Clinic

  https://lexingtonclinic.com/services/associate-practices/kentucky-ear-nose-and-throat/patient-resources/perforated-eardrum

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. During the healing process the ear must be protected from water and trauma. Eardrum perforations that do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Closing a perforation allows for prevention of water entering the ear (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing and diminished tinnitus. It also may prevent the development of cholesteatoma (skin cyst in the middle ear), which can cause chronic infection and destruction of ear structures. […] Your physician will advise you regarding the proper management of a perforated eardrum.

• #2

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/ruptured-eardrums-101/

  In most cases, perforated eardrums will heal on their own without treatment after a few weeks. […] If infection is present, you may be prescribed antibiotic drops. […] There are a few things you can do to avoid a ruptured or perforated eardrum: […] Get treatment for ear infections to avoid damage to the eardrum. […] Protect ears during flight, and try not to fly with a cold or active allergies that lead to congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects, and don’t attempt to dig out excess ear wax with cotton swabs, paper clips or hairpins, which can tear or puncture the eardrum. […] Guard against excessive noise using earplugs or earmuffs if loud noise is present.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ruptured-eardrum-perforated-eardrum

  A ruptured eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a hole or tear in the thin tissue that separates the ear canal from the middle ear (eardrum). […] A ruptured (perforated) eardrum prevents the proper transmission of sound waves to the middle ear and leaves the middle ear vulnerable to infectious agents, water and other foreign substances. […] Follow these tips to avoid a ruptured (perforated) eardrum: Get treatment for middle ear infections. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of middle ear infection, including earache, fever, nasal congestion and reduced hearing. […] Protect your ears during flight. If possible, don’t fly if you have a cold or an active allergy that causes nasal or ear congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects. Never attempt to dig out excess or hardened earwax with items such as a cotton swab, paper clip or hairpin. […] Guard against explosive noise. Avoid activities that expose the ears to explosions. If your hobbies or work involves planned activities that produce explosive noise, protect your ears from unnecessary damage by wearing protective earplugs or earmuffs.

• #3 Perforated Eardrum – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/perforated-eardrum-a-to-z

  There are several steps you can take to prevent a perforated eardrum: […] You can reduce the risk of a perforated eardrum by preventing middle ear infections. To help prevent infections, minimize certain environmental conditions — exposure to tobacco smoke and allergens — and avoid direct contact with people with a cold or flu. Children also can get immunizations against two common bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) that cause middle ear infections. […] Do not insert cotton swabs into the ear canal during cleaning because this can tear the eardrum. […] If an object gets into your ear, have it removed by your doctor to minimize the risk of ear injury. Don’t try to take out the object yourself unless you can see it clearly, it is soft and you can remove it easily. […] Have all infections treated promptly to avoid complications.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325543

  A ruptured eardrum can occur as a result of several different causes: […] People should avoid inserting any objects into their ear, even to clean the ear, to prevent damage to the eardrum. […] If people have an ear infection, they should receive treatment as soon as possible to prevent it from worsening or resulting in a ruptured eardrum. Certain vaccinations, such as the flu jab or pneumococcal vaccination, can also lower the risk of getting ear infections in the first place. […] Avoiding smoking or secondhand smoke can also reduce a person’s risk of getting ear infections. […] The eustachian tubes must remain open so that a change in air or water pressure does not cause ear barotrauma. […] To help keep them open and relieve pressure on the eardrum when flying, people can try the following: swallowing frequently, chewing gum or sucking on a hard candy, yawning or opening the mouth wide, blocking the nostrils with the thumb and forefinger and gently breathing out through a closed mouth, using special earplugs that manufacturers have designed for flying.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001038.htm

  A ruptured eardrum is an opening or hole in the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin piece of tissue that separates the outer and middle ear. Damage to the eardrum may harm hearing. […] Have ear infections treated right away. […] DO NOT insert objects into the ear canal, even to clean it. Objects stuck in the ear should only be removed by a provider.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ruptured-eardrum-perforated-eardrum?content_id=CON-20164038

  A ruptured eardrum is a hole or tear in your eardrum, the thin tissue that separates your ear canal from your middle ear. […] A ruptured (perforated) eardrum prevents the proper transmission of sound waves to the middle ear and leaves the middle ear vulnerable to infectious agents, water and other foreign substances. […] A ruptured eardrum can result in hearing loss. It can also make the middle ear vulnerable to infections. […] Follow these tips to avoid a ruptured (perforated) eardrum: Get treatment for middle ear infections. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of middle ear infection, including earache, fever, nasal congestion and reduced hearing. […] Protect your ears during flight. If possible, don’t fly if you have a cold or an active allergy that causes nasal or ear congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects. Never attempt to dig out excess or hardened earwax with items such as a cotton swab, paper clip or hairpin. […] Guard against explosive noise. Avoid activities that expose the ears to explosions.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum (Perforated eardrum) – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/ruptured-eardrum

  Avoid putting foreign objects into your ear. Objects such as a cotton swab or paper clip can puncture the eardrum. If required, clean the external area of the ears with a damp washcloth. […] Seek medical care if you develop fever, earache, and reduced hearing because these are signs of middle ear infections, which can cause damage to the eardrum. […] When traveling by plane, protect your ears with pressure-equalizing earplugs, chewing gum, or frequent yawning. Use the Valsalva maneuver by pinching your nose and closing your mouth while exhaling forcefully as if you are blowing your nose. […] Wear protective earmuffs or earplugs if your work involves exposure to high intensity noises, i.e., at a construction site.

• #3 Ruptured Eardrum Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Surgery & Healing Time

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/perforated_eardrum/article_em.htm

  Not all cases of perforated eardrum can be prevented, but you can lower your risk by treating ear infections, avoiding flying or scuba diving if you have a sinus or upper respiratory tract infection, not putting anything in your ear, and wearing proper ear protection when needed. […] Some causes of ruptured eardrums cannot be prevented or avoided. A little caution can lower the risk. […] Treat an ear infection (otitis media) early. […] Avoid flying or scuba diving if you have sinus infection or upper respiratory tract infection. […] If you must fly or scuba dive, pinch your nose and swallow air frequently to help with pressure-equalizing. […] Never put anything in your ear, even to clean it (for example, cotton-tipped Q-Tips). […] Wear proper ear protection such as earplugs or protection designed for sports activities and to provide protection from loud noises.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325543

  People flying with a cold or a stuffy nose may find that taking a decongestant before the flight helps keep the airways more open. […] When scuba diving, people can usually equalize their ears by descending slowly and avoiding diving with a cold or symptoms of an allergy. […] People with ear barotrauma should not fly or dive again until their doctor confirms that it is safe to do so. […] People can protect their ears from loud noises by wearing earplugs, earmuffs, or other ear protection when in a noisy setting, such as a music concert, building site, or shooting range. […] Anyone at risk of blows to the ear from sports should also consider wearing ear protection during these activities.

• #3 Ruptured eardrum (perforated eardrum) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ruptured-eardrum/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351884

  Your provider or an ENT specialist can often determine if you have a ruptured (perforated) eardrum with a visual inspection using a lighted instrument (otoscope or microscope). […] Most ruptured (perforated) eardrums heal without treatment within a few weeks. Your provider may prescribe antibiotic drops if there’s evidence of infection. If the tear or hole in the eardrum doesn’t heal by itself, treatment will likely involve procedures to close the tear or hole. […] A ruptured (perforated) eardrum usually heals on its own within weeks. In some cases, healing takes months. Until your provider tells you that your ear is healed, protect it by: Keeping the ear dry. Place a waterproof silicone earplug or cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in the ear when showering or bathing. […] If you think that you have a ruptured eardrum, be careful to keep your ears dry to prevent infection. Don’t go swimming until your condition has been evaluated and discussed with your provider. To keep water out of the ear when showering or bathing, use a moldable, waterproof silicone earplug or put a cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly in the outer ear.

• #3 Perforated Eardrum: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.perforated-eardrum-care-instructions.uh5075

  A tear or hole in the membrane of the middle ear is called a perforated or ruptured eardrum. […] Your eardrum should heal on its own in a few weeks, and you should hear normally then. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Be careful when taking over-the-counter cold or flu medicines and Tylenol at the same time. […] Keep your ears dry. […] Do not put anything into your ear canal. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if you have signs of infection, such as increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have changes in hearing.

• #3

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/ruptured-eardrums-101/

  In most cases, perforated eardrums will heal on their own without treatment after a few weeks. […] If infection is present, you may be prescribed antibiotic drops. […] There are a few things you can do to avoid a ruptured or perforated eardrum: […] Get treatment for ear infections to avoid damage to the eardrum. […] Protect ears during flight, and try not to fly with a cold or active allergies that lead to congestion. […] Keep your ears free of foreign objects, and don’t attempt to dig out excess ear wax with cotton swabs, paper clips or hairpins, which can tear or puncture the eardrum. […] Guard against excessive noise using earplugs or earmuffs if loud noise is present.

• #3 Perforated Eardrum – Office Instructions – ENT Specialty Care

  https://www.entspecialtycare.com/provider-physician/instructions-perforated_eardrum/

  A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and sometimes liquid discharge. […] During the healing process the ear must be protected from water and trauma. Eardrum perforations that do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the middle ear while showering bathing or swimming (which could cause ear infection) improved hearing and lessened tinnitus. […] It also may prevent the development of cholesteatoma (skin cyst in the middle ear) which can cause chronic infection and destruction of ear structures.

• #3 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane rupture is generally unintentional, prevention tactics are limited. […] Patients should always be instructed not to use cotton tip swabs in an attempt to clean the ear, as this can cause direct trauma and perforation. […] Strict instructions should be provided against the use of cotton tip swabs for the prevention of TM rupture. […] Once the patient is found to have a tympanic membrane rupture, the most important take-home instruction is to keep the ear dry. […] If water enters the ear, it can be a nidus for AOM, causing increased complications.

• #4 Ruptured eardrum | Lima Memorial Health System

  https://www.limamemorial.org/health-library/HIE%20Multimedia/1/001038

  A ruptured eardrum is an opening or hole in the eardrum. […] DO NOT insert objects into the ear canal, even to clean it. Objects stuck in the ear should only be removed by a provider. Have ear infections treated right away.

• #4 Perforated Eardrum Symptoms & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/perforated-eardrum

  You can take steps to help prevent ear damage. […] Tips for ear damage prevention: […] Treat ear infections immediately. The sooner you seek and get treatment for ear infections, the more you can prevent damage to your ear. Knowing the signs and symptoms of burst eardrums is important to prevention. […] Valsalva maneuver during airplane flights. The Valsalva maneuver is when you close your mouth, pinch your nose shut, and try to exhale. This maneuver helps equalize pressure in your ears when the cabin pressure changes. […] Avoid sticking objects into the ear. Inserting your finger, a pencil, a cotton swab, or any other foreign object into your ear can unintentionally cause damage. […] Use earplugs if exposed to repeated loud noise. Avoid exposing your eardrums to loud, explosive sounds. Activities such as listening to loud music, firing guns while hunting, and construction work can all injure your eardrum. If you do engage in activities that involve explosive sounds, wear ear protection such as earplugs.

• #4 Ruptured Eardrum Symptoms, Healing Time, Ear Drops, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/ruptured_perforated_eardrum/article.htm

  How can a ruptured eardrum be prevented? […] One of the first ways to prevent a ruptured eardrum is to get treatment for middle ear infections as soon as they develop. […] If you are flying, you should try to keep your ears clear by equalizing pressure using such techniques as yawning, chewing gum, or gently attempting to blow your nose while pinching your nostrils and keeping your mouth closed. […] Keep small items that children may use to put in their ears out of their reach. Moreover, if the child is old enough, you can teach them about the damage that can be done by putting items in their ears. […] Adults should never attempt to dig out excessive earwax with cotton swabs, paperclips, hairpins, and/or other objects that can easily rupture an eardrum. […] Noise at high levels (industrial machinery, gun shooting) and sharp changes in atmospheric pressure (explosions) should be avoided by using protective earplugs or earmuffs.

• #4 Perforated Eardrum – ENTSC

  https://www.entsc.com/perforated-eardrum/

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. During the healing process the ear must be protected from water and trauma. Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] Surgery is typically quite successful in closing the perforation permanently, and improving hearing.

• #4 Perforated eardrum – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/perforated-eardrum/

  A perforated (burst) eardrum is a hole or tear in your eardrum. It usually gets better on its own within 2 months, but you may need treatment such as antibiotics. […] A GP may prescribe antibiotics if you have an ear infection, or to stop you getting an ear infection while your eardrum heals. […] There are some things you can do to help heal a perforated eardrum and ease symptoms. […] do not go swimming or get your ear wet until your eardrum heals. […] It’s safe to fly if you have a perforated eardrum. But if you’ve had surgery to repair a perforated eardrum (myringoplasty), do not fly until you’re told it’s safe to.

• #4

  https://reverehealth.com/live-better/ruptured-eardrums-101/

  Known medically as tympanic membrane perforation, a ruptured (or perforated) eardrum occurs when a hole or tear forms in the thin tissue that separates your ear canal from your middle ear (your eardrum). […] A ruptured eardrum can lead to hearing loss and can also make the eardrum vulnerable to additional injury or infections. […] If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor. The ears are a very sensitive area prone to injury or disease, and speedy treatment is important for preserving hearing. […] Complications from ruptured eardrums can occur during healing, or due to a failure to heal. These complications might include: […] When a perforated eardrum allows bacteria into the ear. This may lead to chronic infections that cause permanent hearing loss if a perforated eardrum isn’t repaired.

• #4 Ruptured eardrum: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325543

  A ruptured eardrum can occur as a result of several different causes: […] People should avoid inserting any objects into their ear, even to clean the ear, to prevent damage to the eardrum. […] If people have an ear infection, they should receive treatment as soon as possible to prevent it from worsening or resulting in a ruptured eardrum. Certain vaccinations, such as the flu jab or pneumococcal vaccination, can also lower the risk of getting ear infections in the first place. […] Avoiding smoking or secondhand smoke can also reduce a person’s risk of getting ear infections. […] The eustachian tubes must remain open so that a change in air or water pressure does not cause ear barotrauma. […] To help keep them open and relieve pressure on the eardrum when flying, people can try the following: swallowing frequently, chewing gum or sucking on a hard candy, yawning or opening the mouth wide, blocking the nostrils with the thumb and forefinger and gently breathing out through a closed mouth, using special earplugs that manufacturers have designed for flying.

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