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• #1 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Temporal lobe seizures are sometimes called focal seizures with impaired awareness. Some people are aware of what’s going on during the seizure. People who have more-intense seizures might look awake but won’t respond to what’s around them. Their lips and hands may make motions over and over. […] An odd feeling called an aura may happen before a temporal lobe seizure. An aura acts as a warning. Not everyone who has temporal lobe seizures has auras. And not everyone who has auras remembers them. […] The aura is the first part of a focal seizure before a loss of consciousness.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes temporal lobe seizures keep people from responding to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure most often lasts 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

• #3 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Temporal lobe epilepsy is the commonest seizure disorder and affects approximately fifty million people worldwide. […] The seizures can either be focal aware seizures, focal seizures with impaired awareness, and there can also be seizure activity which originates in the temporal lobe but extends to involve both cerebral hemispheres, commonly manifesting as focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Chronic memory impairment is a common finding in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. […] Symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy include the following: Focal aware seizures: classically referred to as „auras,” these phenomena include special sensory symptoms such as occurring in auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and visceral systems. […] Focal impaired awareness seizures: sometimes, a focal aware seizure may progress to a loss of consciousness.

• #4 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8669948/

  In addition to neurological features, TLE is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with TLE is higher than in generalized epilepsy particularly in the pediatric population (79 vs. 47%). Anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria often combined with cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairment are recurrent psychiatric disorders in the pediatric patients with TLE. […] Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common structural abnormality associated with TLE. MTS is correlated to a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms up to 70% in pharmacoresistant forms of TLE. […] Cognitive and behavioral disorders occur in almost 50% of patients with dysphoric symptoms and usually begin within 2472 h postictally. […] Psychiatric symptoms can occur before and after seizure. Premonitory symptoms, occurring at least 30 min before a seizure, are frequently described as irritability, depression, headache, euphoria, and confusion.

• #5 Temporal lobe seizure – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/temporal-lobe-seizure/

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of your brain, which process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Some symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure may be related to these functions, including having odd feelings — such as euphoria, deja vu or fear. […] Temporal lobe seizures may stem from an anatomical defect or scar in your temporal lobe, but the cause is often unknown. […] An unusual sensation (aura) may precede a temporal lobe seizure, acting as a warning. Not everyone who has temporal lobe seizures has auras, and not everyone who has auras remembers them. […] Sometimes temporal lobe seizures impair your ability to respond to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure usually lasts 30 seconds to two minutes. Characteristic signs and symptoms include: Loss of awareness of surroundings, Staring, Lip smacking, Repeated swallowing or chewing, Unusual finger movements, such as picking motions.

• #6 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Temporal lobe epilepsy is the commonest seizure disorder and affects approximately fifty million people worldwide. […] The seizures can either be focal aware seizures, focal seizures with impaired awareness, and there can also be seizure activity which originates in the temporal lobe but extends to involve both cerebral hemispheres, commonly manifesting as focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Chronic memory impairment is a common finding in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. […] Symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy include the following: Focal aware seizures: classically referred to as „auras,” these phenomena include special sensory symptoms such as occurring in auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and visceral systems. […] Focal impaired awareness seizures: sometimes, a focal aware seizure may progress to a loss of consciousness.

• #7 Silent, subtle and unseen: How seizures happen and why they’re hard to diagnose

  https://theconversation.com/silent-subtle-and-unseen-how-seizures-happen-and-why-theyre-hard-to-diagnose-184740

  The most common brain region for focal seizures to arise is one of the temporal lobes, of which there are two one on either side of the brain. These lobes serve many functions and are involved in vocal, auditory and visual processing, as well as emotions and memory. This is why seizures arising from these areas can lead to a variety of unusual symptoms. […] Frequently, focal temporal lobe seizures are relatively subtle, particularly to witnesses. Sometimes they are comprised of purely unusual internal sensations such as sudden intense fear, a sudden sense of dj vu or possibly a strong odor. Until a seizure spreads to involve more areas of the brain, it may not cause loss of consciousness or convulsions. […] Because untreated seizures become more frequent and severe over time, it is not uncommon for epilepsy to begin with these relatively subtle focal seizures, then worsen as the seizures begin to involve more brain tissue, and eventually progress to convulsions.

• #8 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Temporal lobe epileptic seizures are further classified. If there is a loss of consciousness, theyre called complex partial seizures. If you stay conscious, theyre called simple partial seizures. In most cases, people remain conscious during temporal lobe seizures, making them simple partial seizures. […] When a temporal lobe seizure starts to occur, a person may experience sudden, unusual feelings, such as: deja vu, extreme happiness, a rising sensation in the abdomen, anxiety. These early signs are called auras or warnings, and they may last for a few seconds up to a few minutes before the seizure occurs. Other possible auras include hallucinations of sounds, voices, people, smells, and tastes. Not all people who experience temporal lobe seizures experience auras. Sometimes people do not remember experiencing an aura.

• #9 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | The Defeating Epilepsy Foundation

  https://www.defeatingepilepsy.org/understanding-epilepsy/temporal-lobe-epilepsy/

  An indication of an oncoming focal seizure is unusual sensations called auras. Auras can instigate strong emotions, changes in vision, dj vu, and auditory hallucinations. However, memories of these experiences often vary between patients. A common sensation is a rising feeling in the abdomen similar to the effects of riding a roller coaster. The reaction of a focal seizure may result in impaired responsiveness which can be indicated by staring into space and a lack of response. Motor effects may be impacted by displaying repetitive actions such as lip-smacking and unusual motions in the fingers. The seizure may last a few seconds to 2 minutes. Following the seizure, patients often experience difficulty communicating, inability to recall the seizure, and extreme fatigue. […] Two types of focal seizures could occur, focal aware seizures or focal impaired awareness seizures. Focal aware seizures are when there is no change of consciousness during the seizure, formerly known as simple partial seizures without loss of awareness. The occurrence of this seizure could last from a few seconds to 2 minutes experiencing abnormal sensations, dj vu, a sudden change in emotion, altered senses, and visual distortion. Focal impaired awareness seizures affect the level of consciousness to some degree lasting from 30 seconds to 2 minutes, formerly known as complex partial seizures with loss of awareness. The seizure can start in a localized area but often spreads. It is common for those to have an aura before a seizure resulting in staring, automatisms, confusion, unusual speech, and loss of the ability to communicate. A person cannot interact with the surrounding environment as they typically would.

• #10 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Temporal lobe seizures are sometimes called focal seizures with impaired awareness. Some people are aware of what’s going on during the seizure. People who have more-intense seizures might look awake but won’t respond to what’s around them. Their lips and hands may make motions over and over. […] An odd feeling called an aura may happen before a temporal lobe seizure. An aura acts as a warning. Not everyone who has temporal lobe seizures has auras. And not everyone who has auras remembers them. […] The aura is the first part of a focal seizure before a loss of consciousness.

• #11 Temporal lobe seizure | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Temporal lobe seizures are sometimes called focal seizures with impaired awareness. Some people are aware of what’s going on during the seizure. People who have more-intense seizures might look awake but won’t respond to what’s around them. Their lips and hands may make motions over and over. […] An odd feeling called an aura may happen before a temporal lobe seizure. An aura acts as a warning. Not everyone who has temporal lobe seizures has auras. And not everyone who has auras remembers them. […] Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions.

• #12 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  Temporal lobe epilepsy symptoms can include an epileptic aura (an unusual sensation you feel before a seizure) and the seizure itself. […] Symptoms of epileptic auras may include: Dj vu (a feeling of familiarity), a memory or jamais vu (a feeling of unfamiliarity); a sudden sense of fear, panic or anxiety; anger, sadness or joy; a rising sick feeling in your stomach (like the feeling you get in your gut when riding a roller coaster); stronger senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste or touch). […] Not everyone experiences an aura. An aura is also described as a focal-aware seizure, meaning you’re awake and aware while the symptoms occur. They typically last from a few seconds to two minutes. […] Other seizure symptoms can follow the aura. You may experience signs and symptoms including: loss of consciousness; a blank stare; dilated pupils; repetitive non-purposeful behaviors and movements (automatisms) of your hands (fidgeting, picking motions), eyes (excessive blinking) and mouth (lip-smacking, chewing, swallowing); confusion; brief loss of ability to speak or understand language (aphasia); stiffening and jerking of your body.

• #13 Focal seizures – Epilepsy Action

  https://www.epilepsy.org.uk/info/seizures/focal-seizures

  If you have been diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy it means you have seizures starting in one or other of the temporal lobes. The temporal lobe is responsible for things like memory, hearing and understanding language. […] Seizures starting in the temporal lobes are usually, but not always, focal impaired awareness seizures. You might start the seizure being aware of whats happening, and then lose awareness as the seizures goes on. […] Symptoms of seizures in the temporal lobes include: Feeling frightened, Feeling like whats happening has happened before (deja vu), Hearing things that arent there, Experiencing an unpleasant taste or smell, Having a rising sensation in your stomach, Lip smacking, repeated swallowing or chewing, Changes to your skin tone or heart rate, Automatic behaviours such as fidgeting, undressing, running or walking. […] After a temporal lobe seizure you are likely to be confused or may find it hard to speak for a short time.

• #14 Psychomotor Seizure (aka Complex Partial Seizure)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy/psychomotor-seizure

  Psychomotor seizure is an older term used to describe a seizure that begins in your brains temporal lobe. You might experience unusual sensations, loss of consciousness, and convulsions. […] Temporal lobe seizures may affect these functions of your brain and create odd feelings, like dj -vu or strong emotions. […] A temporal lobe seizure can begin with an unusual sensation, also known as an aura. An aura typically lasts a few seconds to minutes. […] During an aura, you may experience: a feeling of dj vu, sudden, unprovoked, extreme emotions like panic or excitement, a strange odor or taste, a sudden bout of nausea, a sinking feeling in your stomach, similar to what you may experience when you plunge down a roller coaster. […] Following (or instead of) an aura, some people experience a focal impaired awareness seizure. This type of temporal lobe seizure affects your consciousness or ability to respond to others. During this type of seizure, you may: loss of awareness of your surroundings, experience staring spells, smack your lips, swallow, or chew repeatedly, perform unusual finger movements, such as picking.

• #15 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | The Defeating Epilepsy Foundation

  https://www.defeatingepilepsy.org/understanding-epilepsy/temporal-lobe-epilepsy/

  An indication of an oncoming focal seizure is unusual sensations called auras. Auras can instigate strong emotions, changes in vision, dj vu, and auditory hallucinations. However, memories of these experiences often vary between patients. A common sensation is a rising feeling in the abdomen similar to the effects of riding a roller coaster. The reaction of a focal seizure may result in impaired responsiveness which can be indicated by staring into space and a lack of response. Motor effects may be impacted by displaying repetitive actions such as lip-smacking and unusual motions in the fingers. The seizure may last a few seconds to 2 minutes. Following the seizure, patients often experience difficulty communicating, inability to recall the seizure, and extreme fatigue. […] Two types of focal seizures could occur, focal aware seizures or focal impaired awareness seizures. Focal aware seizures are when there is no change of consciousness during the seizure, formerly known as simple partial seizures without loss of awareness. The occurrence of this seizure could last from a few seconds to 2 minutes experiencing abnormal sensations, dj vu, a sudden change in emotion, altered senses, and visual distortion. Focal impaired awareness seizures affect the level of consciousness to some degree lasting from 30 seconds to 2 minutes, formerly known as complex partial seizures with loss of awareness. The seizure can start in a localized area but often spreads. It is common for those to have an aura before a seizure resulting in staring, automatisms, confusion, unusual speech, and loss of the ability to communicate. A person cannot interact with the surrounding environment as they typically would.

• #16 Temporal lobe epilepsies

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/temporal-lobe-epilepsies

  Temporal lobe epilepsy involves seizures that can produce a variety of sensations such as abdominal pain, fear or a sense of dj vu or jamais vu. […] Typical features may include auras (focal aware seizures), repetitive non-purposeful movements (automatisms), such as chewing, swallowing or picking at clothes and confusion or difficulty speaking after the seizure. […] Temporal lobe epilepsy usually manifests with either focal seizures with or without awareness impairment arising from the temporal lobe. […] Because the temporal lobe is involved with emotions and memory, these seizures often produce emotions such as fear, joy or anger, or memory phenomena such as dj vu (a feeling of having seen something before, even though it is new to you) or jamais vu (a feeling that you have never seen a familiar object or place before).

• #17 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  Temporal lobe epilepsy symptoms can include an epileptic aura (an unusual sensation you feel before a seizure) and the seizure itself. […] Symptoms of epileptic auras may include: Dj vu (a feeling of familiarity), a memory or jamais vu (a feeling of unfamiliarity); a sudden sense of fear, panic or anxiety; anger, sadness or joy; a rising sick feeling in your stomach (like the feeling you get in your gut when riding a roller coaster); stronger senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste or touch). […] Not everyone experiences an aura. An aura is also described as a focal-aware seizure, meaning you’re awake and aware while the symptoms occur. They typically last from a few seconds to two minutes. […] Other seizure symptoms can follow the aura. You may experience signs and symptoms including: loss of consciousness; a blank stare; dilated pupils; repetitive non-purposeful behaviors and movements (automatisms) of your hands (fidgeting, picking motions), eyes (excessive blinking) and mouth (lip-smacking, chewing, swallowing); confusion; brief loss of ability to speak or understand language (aphasia); stiffening and jerking of your body.

• #18 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Temporal lobe seizures are characterized by behavioral arrest and impaired awareness. Automatisms are common during the seizure, and include oral and/or manual automatisms. There may sensory (auditory), emotional (fear), cognitive (deja vu) or autonomic features (epigastric sensation, tachycardia, colour change) prior to onset of impaired awareness. Postictal confusion typically occurs. […] Specific features suggest seizure onset in the dominant or non-dominant temporal lobe (see hemispheric lateralization). Ictal speech, spitting, vomiting, drinking, urge to urinate and automatisms with preserved consciousness suggest seizure onset in the non-dominant temporal lobe. Postictal speech disturbance suggests a dominant temporal lobe seizure. Upper limb dystonia is a useful lateralizing feature, lateralizing the seizure to the contralateral hemisphere. Conversely, manual automatisms usually occur on the ipsilateral side.

• #19 Psychomotor Seizure (aka Complex Partial Seizure)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy/psychomotor-seizure

  Psychomotor seizure is an older term used to describe a seizure that begins in your brains temporal lobe. You might experience unusual sensations, loss of consciousness, and convulsions. […] Temporal lobe seizures may affect these functions of your brain and create odd feelings, like dj -vu or strong emotions. […] A temporal lobe seizure can begin with an unusual sensation, also known as an aura. An aura typically lasts a few seconds to minutes. […] During an aura, you may experience: a feeling of dj vu, sudden, unprovoked, extreme emotions like panic or excitement, a strange odor or taste, a sudden bout of nausea, a sinking feeling in your stomach, similar to what you may experience when you plunge down a roller coaster. […] Following (or instead of) an aura, some people experience a focal impaired awareness seizure. This type of temporal lobe seizure affects your consciousness or ability to respond to others. During this type of seizure, you may: loss of awareness of your surroundings, experience staring spells, smack your lips, swallow, or chew repeatedly, perform unusual finger movements, such as picking.

• #20 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #21 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  Temporal lobe epilepsy symptoms can include an epileptic aura (an unusual sensation you feel before a seizure) and the seizure itself. […] Symptoms of epileptic auras may include: Dj vu (a feeling of familiarity), a memory or jamais vu (a feeling of unfamiliarity); a sudden sense of fear, panic or anxiety; anger, sadness or joy; a rising sick feeling in your stomach (like the feeling you get in your gut when riding a roller coaster); stronger senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste or touch). […] Not everyone experiences an aura. An aura is also described as a focal-aware seizure, meaning you’re awake and aware while the symptoms occur. They typically last from a few seconds to two minutes. […] Other seizure symptoms can follow the aura. You may experience signs and symptoms including: loss of consciousness; a blank stare; dilated pupils; repetitive non-purposeful behaviors and movements (automatisms) of your hands (fidgeting, picking motions), eyes (excessive blinking) and mouth (lip-smacking, chewing, swallowing); confusion; brief loss of ability to speak or understand language (aphasia); stiffening and jerking of your body.

• #22 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes temporal lobe seizures keep people from responding to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure most often lasts 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

• #23 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Seizures that arise in the mesial temporal lobe may be characterized by distinctive seizure onset features such as an autonomic seizure with rising epigastric sensation or abdominal discomfort, or cognitive seizure with deja vu/jamais vu, or emotional seizure with fear. Unpleasant olfactory and gustatory sensory seizures may also occur. These focal seizure types may occur in isolation or may be followed by the onset of behavioral arrest with slowly progressive impairment of awareness and oral (chewing, lip-smacking, swallowing, tongue movements) and manual automatisms. Autonomic phenomena (pallor, flushing, tachycardia) are common. Upper limb automatisms may be unilateral and may lateralize the seizure to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Unilateral pupillary dilatation can occur, and can also lateralize the seizure to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Contralateral upper limb dystonia may develop and head and eye version to the contralateral side can occur. Whilst seizures tend to have a longer duration than for lateral temporal lobe seizures, evolution to a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is uncommon.

• #24 Partial (focal) seizure Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/partial-focal-seizure

  People with focal, awareness impaired seizures may or may not remember any or all of the symptoms or events during the seizure. […] Depending on where in the brain the seizure starts, symptoms may include: Abnormal muscle contraction, such as abnormal head or limb movements, Staring spells, sometimes with repetitive movements such as picking at clothes or lip smacking, Eyes moving from side to side, Abnormal sensations, such as numbness, tingling, crawling sensation (like ants crawling on the skin), Seeing, smelling, or sometimes hearing things that are not there (hallucinations), Abdominal pain or discomfort, Nausea, Sweating, Flushed face, Dilated pupils, Rapid heart rate/pulse. […] Other symptoms may include: Blackout spells, periods of time lost from memory, Changes in vision, Sensation of déjà vu (feeling like current place and time have been experienced before), Changes in mood or emotion, Temporary inability to speak.

• #25 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Outlook

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/epilepsy/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Symptoms of a focal impaired awareness seizure include: blank staring expression, repetitive movements like lip-smacking, blinking, grunting, shouting, or gulping, repetitive hand movements, confusion, nonsensical speech or an inability to communicate. […] A focal impaired awareness seizure may spread into both sides of the brain and cause a tonic-clonic seizure. During a tonic-clonic seizure, you will lose consciousness and your body will become stiff and convulse. […] After the seizure is over, you may feel sleepy and require time for rest. […] Symptoms during temporal lobe seizures can include unusual stomach sensations, emotional changes, a feeling of déjà vu, and more. […] Having these types of seizures can impact your daily living, but medication or surgery can reduce the number of seizures for most people. The outlook is good.

• #26 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes temporal lobe seizures keep people from responding to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure most often lasts 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

• #27 Focal onset seizures | Young Epilepsy

  https://www.youngepilepsy.org.uk/about-epilepsy/epileptic-seizures/focal-onset-seizures

  These may include a feeling of déjà vu (the sense that things have happened before), butterflies in the stomach, nausea and odd smells or tastes. […] These sensations may occur alone or may be a warning of further seizure activity that will affect their consciousness. […] These complex seizures may cause unusual movements, such as lip-smacking, plucking at clothes, finger-fumbling, unusual speech or wandering off in a confused state. […] They may also develop into tonic-clonic seizures and tend to be followed by confusion.

• #28 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #29 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #30 Temporal lobe epilepsy: Symptoms, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that causes episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in seizures. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) seizures begin in the temporal lobe and often involve unusual feelings, movements, or behaviors. […] During a TLE seizure, a person may remain conscious or lose consciousness. […] The symptoms of TLE seizures relate to a persons awareness during a seizure. These classifications include focal onset aware seizures and focal impaired awareness seizures. […] During a focal onset aware seizure, a person remains alert. These types of seizures often include strange feelings or sensations known as auras. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, a person may experience confusion and speech difficulties or feel extremely weak or sleepy. They may also be unable to remember the seizure. […] During a TLE seizure, a person may remain alert and experience auras. Alternatively, they may lose awareness and the ability to understand language.

• #31 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Lateral temporal lobe seizures may have an initial focal seizure with auditory or vertiginous features. The focal sensory auditory seizure is usually a basic sound such as buzzing or ringing (rather than formed speech). If the sound is heard in only one ear it suggests the seizure is in the contralateral hemisphere. In comparison to mesial temporal lobe seizures, lateral temporal seizures are of shorter duration, and the onset of impaired awareness is an earlier feature (the initial aware phase is not as prolonged). Lateral temporal lobe seizures may spread and motor features such as contralateral upper limb dystonia, facial twitching or grimacing, and head and eye version may occur. Evolution to a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is more common than in mesial temporal lobe seizures.

• #32 Temporal lobe epilepsy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/temporal-lobe-epilepsy?lang=us

  Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrate three phases, each of variable duration and symptomatology: […] A variable number of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrate or describe an aura, which is usually of short duration, and in most cases (70%) goes on to become a seizure. Auras are variable in symptomatology, and include: […] The majority of patients have a focal seizures with impaired awareness, during which a number of relatively specific features may be observed: […] Postictal phase is also variable, and symptoms are largely determined by the location of the ictal lesion. Features include: confusion, drowsiness, aphasia, psychiatric symptoms.

• #33 Seizure Phases | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizures/seizure-phases/

  Prodrome stage During the prodromal stage some people can tell when a seizure is on its way. They may notice some early signs hours or even days before the seizure starts. Not all people experience this stage. Some common signs can include: Mood changes, Anxiety, Feeling lightheaded, Difficulty sleeping, Difficulty staying focused, Behaviour changes. […] Auras are generally considered an early part of the seizure. Symptoms of an aura may include: Déjà vu (a sense that something has happened before when in fact it hasn’t), Jamais vu (a feeling that you’re seeing something you know well for the first time), Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Dizziness, Vision difficulties, Numbness or ‘pins and needles’ in parts of the body, Nausea, Headache, Panic, Feelings of intense fear. […] The middle (ictal) stage of a seizure is called the ictal phase. It’s the time from the first symptom to the end of the seizure activity. It is during this time that intense electrical activity is occurring in the brain. Some common signs of this phase include: Loss of awareness, Memory lapse, Feeling confused, Difficulty hearing, Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Difficulty speaking or saying strange words, Twitching, Loss of muscle control, Repeated movements (such as lip smacking or chewing), Body convulsions, Racing heart, Trouble breathing.

• #34 Seizure Phases | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizures/seizure-phases/

  Prodrome stage During the prodromal stage some people can tell when a seizure is on its way. They may notice some early signs hours or even days before the seizure starts. Not all people experience this stage. Some common signs can include: Mood changes, Anxiety, Feeling lightheaded, Difficulty sleeping, Difficulty staying focused, Behaviour changes. […] Auras are generally considered an early part of the seizure. Symptoms of an aura may include: Déjà vu (a sense that something has happened before when in fact it hasn’t), Jamais vu (a feeling that you’re seeing something you know well for the first time), Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Dizziness, Vision difficulties, Numbness or ‘pins and needles’ in parts of the body, Nausea, Headache, Panic, Feelings of intense fear. […] The middle (ictal) stage of a seizure is called the ictal phase. It’s the time from the first symptom to the end of the seizure activity. It is during this time that intense electrical activity is occurring in the brain. Some common signs of this phase include: Loss of awareness, Memory lapse, Feeling confused, Difficulty hearing, Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Difficulty speaking or saying strange words, Twitching, Loss of muscle control, Repeated movements (such as lip smacking or chewing), Body convulsions, Racing heart, Trouble breathing.

• #35 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8669948/

  In addition to neurological features, TLE is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with TLE is higher than in generalized epilepsy particularly in the pediatric population (79 vs. 47%). Anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria often combined with cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairment are recurrent psychiatric disorders in the pediatric patients with TLE. […] Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common structural abnormality associated with TLE. MTS is correlated to a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms up to 70% in pharmacoresistant forms of TLE. […] Cognitive and behavioral disorders occur in almost 50% of patients with dysphoric symptoms and usually begin within 2472 h postictally. […] Psychiatric symptoms can occur before and after seizure. Premonitory symptoms, occurring at least 30 min before a seizure, are frequently described as irritability, depression, headache, euphoria, and confusion.

• #36 Seizure Phases | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizures/seizure-phases/

  Prodrome stage During the prodromal stage some people can tell when a seizure is on its way. They may notice some early signs hours or even days before the seizure starts. Not all people experience this stage. Some common signs can include: Mood changes, Anxiety, Feeling lightheaded, Difficulty sleeping, Difficulty staying focused, Behaviour changes. […] Auras are generally considered an early part of the seizure. Symptoms of an aura may include: Déjà vu (a sense that something has happened before when in fact it hasn’t), Jamais vu (a feeling that you’re seeing something you know well for the first time), Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Dizziness, Vision difficulties, Numbness or ‘pins and needles’ in parts of the body, Nausea, Headache, Panic, Feelings of intense fear. […] The middle (ictal) stage of a seizure is called the ictal phase. It’s the time from the first symptom to the end of the seizure activity. It is during this time that intense electrical activity is occurring in the brain. Some common signs of this phase include: Loss of awareness, Memory lapse, Feeling confused, Difficulty hearing, Odd smells, sounds or tastes, Difficulty speaking or saying strange words, Twitching, Loss of muscle control, Repeated movements (such as lip smacking or chewing), Body convulsions, Racing heart, Trouble breathing.

• #37 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Seizures that arise in the mesial temporal lobe may be characterized by distinctive seizure onset features such as an autonomic seizure with rising epigastric sensation or abdominal discomfort, or cognitive seizure with deja vu/jamais vu, or emotional seizure with fear. Unpleasant olfactory and gustatory sensory seizures may also occur. These focal seizure types may occur in isolation or may be followed by the onset of behavioral arrest with slowly progressive impairment of awareness and oral (chewing, lip-smacking, swallowing, tongue movements) and manual automatisms. Autonomic phenomena (pallor, flushing, tachycardia) are common. Upper limb automatisms may be unilateral and may lateralize the seizure to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Unilateral pupillary dilatation can occur, and can also lateralize the seizure to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Contralateral upper limb dystonia may develop and head and eye version to the contralateral side can occur. Whilst seizures tend to have a longer duration than for lateral temporal lobe seizures, evolution to a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is uncommon.

• #38 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Lateral temporal lobe seizures may have an initial focal seizure with auditory or vertiginous features. The focal sensory auditory seizure is usually a basic sound such as buzzing or ringing (rather than formed speech). If the sound is heard in only one ear it suggests the seizure is in the contralateral hemisphere. In comparison to mesial temporal lobe seizures, lateral temporal seizures are of shorter duration, and the onset of impaired awareness is an earlier feature (the initial aware phase is not as prolonged). Lateral temporal lobe seizures may spread and motor features such as contralateral upper limb dystonia, facial twitching or grimacing, and head and eye version may occur. Evolution to a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is more common than in mesial temporal lobe seizures.

• #39 TLE  | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/brain-spine-neuro/epilepsy/temporal-lobe

  The most common form of focal epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy. […] Youll be diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) if this is where your seizures start. […] There are two types of TLE, which usually begin between the ages of 10 and 20, but can start at any age: […] Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) when seizures start in the internal parts of the temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus or surrounding area. Almost 80% of all temporal lobe seizures are due to MTLE. […] Neocortical or lateral temporal lobe epilepsy when seizures start in the outer part of the temporal lobe.

• #40 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #41 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. These areas process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. […] Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes temporal lobe seizures keep people from responding to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure most often lasts 30 seconds to 2 minutes.

• #42 Seizure Phases | Epilepsy FoundationFacebookInstagramTwitterPhoneEmailFacebookInstagramTwitter

  https://epilepsyfoundation.org.au/understanding-epilepsy/seizures/seizure-phases/

  The final post-ictal stage occurs after the active (ictal) part of the seizure. This is the recovery stage and during this phase any physical after effects of the seizure are felt. The type of seizure and the part of the brain involved will determine how long it takes for a person to return to their usual self. Some common signs of this phase include: Confusion, Lack of consciousness, Tiredness (fatigue), Exhaustion, Headache, Loss of bladder or bowel control, Fear and anxiety, Frustration, Shame or embarrassment, Thirst, Nausea, Sore muscles, Weakness in parts of the body, Injury (head, cuts, broken bones).

• #43

  https://healthmatch.io/epilepsy/postictal-phase

  The presentation of focal seizures depends on which area of the brain is affected. […] The most common symptoms are unresponsiveness, headaches, migraines, and psychosis. […] Signs and symptoms vary between individuals and depend on many factors, including age, type and severity of the seizure, and underlying brain function. […] As mentioned, 96% of people with epilepsy report being less responsive after a seizure. […] If the left temporal lobe is affected, you might experience problems with language, e.g., listening, comprehension, and speaking. It is reported that 38% of people will have some difficulty with language postictally. […] Visual impairments, such as blindness, have been reported in seizures that implicate the occipital lobe. Auditory impairments can also occur in temporal lobe seizures.

• #44 Temporal lobe epilepsy | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2023/01/clinical-review/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Patients can recall the initial phase but have little or no recollection of the period of reduced consciousness. The postictal phase is usually marked by confusion. Ictal and postictal dysphasia are common when the seizure focus is in the language-dominant temporal lobe. Occasionally, focal seizures may develop into a tonic-clonic seizure. […] The initial symptoms of the seizure depend on which temporal lobe is affected, the location and function of the seizure network and the seizure propagation pattern. Initial symptoms may be autonomic, cognitive, emotional, or sensory. […] Many patients, especially those with hippocampal sclerosis, have cognitive difficulties in addition to seizures. If the sclerosis is localised to the language-dominant hemisphere, difficulties with memory for language are often seen. Many people struggle to remember information related to time and place. If the sclerosis is localised to the non-dominant hemisphere, patients may have difficulties with visual memory, for example remembering faces or places they have been.

• #45 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  In infants, temporal seizures may be subtle and manifest with pallor, apnoea and behavioral arrest. There may be earlier and more marked motor manifestations including tonic seizures and epileptic spasms, which may reflect different patterns of spread in the developing brain. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures can have similar features to frontal focal impaired awareness seizures, however impaired awareness seizures of temporal origin tend to have a slower onset and progression, and postictal confusion is more pronounced. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures need to be distinguished from absence seizures. While both may have automatisms, temporal lobe seizures are typically longer ( 30 seconds), associated with pallor, and followed by postictal confusion.

• #46 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Temporal lobe seizures are characterized by behavioral arrest and impaired awareness. Automatisms are common during the seizure, and include oral and/or manual automatisms. There may sensory (auditory), emotional (fear), cognitive (deja vu) or autonomic features (epigastric sensation, tachycardia, colour change) prior to onset of impaired awareness. Postictal confusion typically occurs. […] Specific features suggest seizure onset in the dominant or non-dominant temporal lobe (see hemispheric lateralization). Ictal speech, spitting, vomiting, drinking, urge to urinate and automatisms with preserved consciousness suggest seizure onset in the non-dominant temporal lobe. Postictal speech disturbance suggests a dominant temporal lobe seizure. Upper limb dystonia is a useful lateralizing feature, lateralizing the seizure to the contralateral hemisphere. Conversely, manual automatisms usually occur on the ipsilateral side.

• #47 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184509-clinical

  Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy typically have material-specific deficits in memory function as the hippocampi are important structures for memory function. […] Aura, now called focal aware, seizures occur in approximately 80% of temporal lobe seizures. […] A complex partial seizure may evolve to a secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure. […] Patients usually experience a postictal period of confusion, which distinguishes temporal lobe epilepsy from absence seizures, which are not associated with postictal confusion. […] The risk of temporal lobe epilepsy is poorly controlled focal impaired awareness seizures, which leads to disability in home, work, and public safety such as driving restrictions. If the seizures often progress to bilateral tonic clonic then there is an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

• #48 Temporal lobe epilepsy | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2023/01/clinical-review/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Patients can recall the initial phase but have little or no recollection of the period of reduced consciousness. The postictal phase is usually marked by confusion. Ictal and postictal dysphasia are common when the seizure focus is in the language-dominant temporal lobe. Occasionally, focal seizures may develop into a tonic-clonic seizure. […] The initial symptoms of the seizure depend on which temporal lobe is affected, the location and function of the seizure network and the seizure propagation pattern. Initial symptoms may be autonomic, cognitive, emotional, or sensory. […] Many patients, especially those with hippocampal sclerosis, have cognitive difficulties in addition to seizures. If the sclerosis is localised to the language-dominant hemisphere, difficulties with memory for language are often seen. Many people struggle to remember information related to time and place. If the sclerosis is localised to the non-dominant hemisphere, patients may have difficulties with visual memory, for example remembering faces or places they have been.

• #49 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  Temporal lobe seizures are characterized by behavioral arrest and impaired awareness. Automatisms are common during the seizure, and include oral and/or manual automatisms. There may sensory (auditory), emotional (fear), cognitive (deja vu) or autonomic features (epigastric sensation, tachycardia, colour change) prior to onset of impaired awareness. Postictal confusion typically occurs. […] Specific features suggest seizure onset in the dominant or non-dominant temporal lobe (see hemispheric lateralization). Ictal speech, spitting, vomiting, drinking, urge to urinate and automatisms with preserved consciousness suggest seizure onset in the non-dominant temporal lobe. Postictal speech disturbance suggests a dominant temporal lobe seizure. Upper limb dystonia is a useful lateralizing feature, lateralizing the seizure to the contralateral hemisphere. Conversely, manual automatisms usually occur on the ipsilateral side.

• #50 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  There’s a risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline with TLE. Neurocognitive decline means it becomes harder for you to learn, remember, make decisions or focus. […] The more seizures you have and the longer you have them, the greater your risk of: depression; anxiety; memory loss; sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] Many people find success in managing seizures with medications. Some people report being seizure-free after surgery.

• #51 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Both (2) and (3) above may be associated with a postictal period, which may manifest with confusion, aphasia, and/or amnesia. […] Approximately 60 percent of all forms of epilepsy are focal in origin, with the majority originating in the temporal lobe. […] About 75 percent of patients with MTLE do not achieve significant seizure control with medical treatment, with about 75 percent obtaining seizure freedom following surgical intervention. […] The risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline increases with the duration and frequency of epilepsy. Quality of life and other psychosocial domains are affected for these individuals.

• #52 Temporal lobe seizure – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214

  Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. […] After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. […] Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #53 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Temporal lobe seizure | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20378199

  Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #54 Temporal lobe seizure // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure

  Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of the brain. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure often affect these functions. Some people have odd feelings during the seizure, such as joy, deja vu or fear. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure include: Not being aware of the people and things around you. Staring. Lip smacking. Swallowing or chewing over and over. Finger movements, such as picking motions. After a temporal lobe seizure, you may: Be confused and have trouble speaking for a time. Be unable to recall what happened during the seizure. Be unaware of having had a seizure. Be very sleepy. Sometimes temporal lobe seizures keep people from responding to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure most often lasts 30 seconds to 2 minutes. […] Sometimes, what starts as a temporal lobe seizure becomes a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure causes shaking, known as convulsions, and loss of consciousness. It also is called a grand mal seizure. […] Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain involved in learning and memory to shrink. This area of the brain is called the hippocampus. The loss of brain cells in the hippocampus may cause memory problems.

• #55 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  There’s a risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline with TLE. Neurocognitive decline means it becomes harder for you to learn, remember, make decisions or focus. […] The more seizures you have and the longer you have them, the greater your risk of: depression; anxiety; memory loss; sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] Many people find success in managing seizures with medications. Some people report being seizure-free after surgery.

• #56 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #57 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #58 Temporal lobe epilepsy | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2023/01/clinical-review/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Patients can recall the initial phase but have little or no recollection of the period of reduced consciousness. The postictal phase is usually marked by confusion. Ictal and postictal dysphasia are common when the seizure focus is in the language-dominant temporal lobe. Occasionally, focal seizures may develop into a tonic-clonic seizure. […] The initial symptoms of the seizure depend on which temporal lobe is affected, the location and function of the seizure network and the seizure propagation pattern. Initial symptoms may be autonomic, cognitive, emotional, or sensory. […] Many patients, especially those with hippocampal sclerosis, have cognitive difficulties in addition to seizures. If the sclerosis is localised to the language-dominant hemisphere, difficulties with memory for language are often seen. Many people struggle to remember information related to time and place. If the sclerosis is localised to the non-dominant hemisphere, patients may have difficulties with visual memory, for example remembering faces or places they have been.

• #59 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #60 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #61 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidity

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8669948/

  In addition to neurological features, TLE is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with TLE is higher than in generalized epilepsy particularly in the pediatric population (79 vs. 47%). Anxiety, depression, and interictal dysphoria often combined with cognitive, learning, and behavioral impairment are recurrent psychiatric disorders in the pediatric patients with TLE. […] Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common structural abnormality associated with TLE. MTS is correlated to a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms up to 70% in pharmacoresistant forms of TLE. […] Cognitive and behavioral disorders occur in almost 50% of patients with dysphoric symptoms and usually begin within 2472 h postictally. […] Psychiatric symptoms can occur before and after seizure. Premonitory symptoms, occurring at least 30 min before a seizure, are frequently described as irritability, depression, headache, euphoria, and confusion.

• #62 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #63 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17778-temporal-lobe-seizures

  There’s a risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline with TLE. Neurocognitive decline means it becomes harder for you to learn, remember, make decisions or focus. […] The more seizures you have and the longer you have them, the greater your risk of: depression; anxiety; memory loss; sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] Many people find success in managing seizures with medications. Some people report being seizure-free after surgery.

• #64 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/symptoms/

  Usually the only symptom of epilepsy is having seizures. […] Symptoms of seizures can include: your body becoming stiff or floppy, suddenly falling to the floor, jerking or twitching movements in your body, peeing unintentionally, losing awareness of what’s around you you may stare into space and not be able to respond normally, unusual feelings or sensations, such as strange smells, numbness or tingling, changes in your vision, or suddenly feeling scared, unusual behaviour, such as fidgeting or walking around and not being aware of what you’re doing. […] A seizure usually lasts a few seconds or minutes, and stops by itself. […] Symptoms of epilepsy often start in young children and people over 50, but it can happen at any age. […] Rarely, a seizure can last a long time, or you may have several seizures without recovering in between. This is called status epilepticus, and needs urgent treatment to prevent damage to your brain. […] There’s also a small risk of dying suddenly, called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). But this is rare, and epilepsy treatment can reduce the risk.

• #65 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/

  An epileptic seizure usually stops by itself and does not cause any lasting problems. […] Rarely, a seizure can last a long time, or you may have several seizures without recovering in between. This is called status epilepticus, and needs urgent treatment to prevent damage to your brain. […] There’s also a small risk of dying suddenly, called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). But this is rare, and epilepsy treatment can reduce the risk.

• #66 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/symptoms/

  Usually the only symptom of epilepsy is having seizures. […] Symptoms of seizures can include: your body becoming stiff or floppy, suddenly falling to the floor, jerking or twitching movements in your body, peeing unintentionally, losing awareness of what’s around you you may stare into space and not be able to respond normally, unusual feelings or sensations, such as strange smells, numbness or tingling, changes in your vision, or suddenly feeling scared, unusual behaviour, such as fidgeting or walking around and not being aware of what you’re doing. […] A seizure usually lasts a few seconds or minutes, and stops by itself. […] Symptoms of epilepsy often start in young children and people over 50, but it can happen at any age. […] Rarely, a seizure can last a long time, or you may have several seizures without recovering in between. This is called status epilepticus, and needs urgent treatment to prevent damage to your brain. […] There’s also a small risk of dying suddenly, called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). But this is rare, and epilepsy treatment can reduce the risk.

• #67 Epilepsy

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epilepsy/

  An epileptic seizure usually stops by itself and does not cause any lasting problems. […] Rarely, a seizure can last a long time, or you may have several seizures without recovering in between. This is called status epilepticus, and needs urgent treatment to prevent damage to your brain. […] There’s also a small risk of dying suddenly, called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). But this is rare, and epilepsy treatment can reduce the risk.

• #68 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  In infants, temporal seizures may be subtle and manifest with pallor, apnoea and behavioral arrest. There may be earlier and more marked motor manifestations including tonic seizures and epileptic spasms, which may reflect different patterns of spread in the developing brain. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures can have similar features to frontal focal impaired awareness seizures, however impaired awareness seizures of temporal origin tend to have a slower onset and progression, and postictal confusion is more pronounced. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures need to be distinguished from absence seizures. While both may have automatisms, temporal lobe seizures are typically longer ( 30 seconds), associated with pallor, and followed by postictal confusion.

• #69 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/temporal-lobe-epilepsy.html

  Kids with temporal lobe epilepsy have seizures that start in one of the temporal lobes of the brain. The seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy are focal seizures. Focal seizures begin in one area of the brain, and may or may not spread to other areas of the brain. Some children may have auras, which are a type of focal onset aware seizure that can include: dj vu (a feeling of already having been in the present situation), a smell, taste, sound, or vision, an emotion (such as fear), nausea or a rising sensation in the belly. Someone having a focal onset impaired awareness seizure may stare, rub their hands, or smack their lips. It may be hard to speak or understand language during the seizure. Sometimes a focal seizure can develop (or generalize) into a seizure that involves both sides of the brain. This is called a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. With this type of seizure, the whole body jerks with forceful movements.

• #70 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/temporal-lobe-epilepsy.html

  Kids with temporal lobe epilepsy have seizures that start in one of the temporal lobes of the brain. The seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy are focal seizures. Focal seizures begin in one area of the brain, and may or may not spread to other areas of the brain. Some children may have auras, which are a type of focal onset aware seizure that can include: dj vu (a feeling of already having been in the present situation), a smell, taste, sound, or vision, an emotion (such as fear), nausea or a rising sensation in the belly. Someone having a focal onset impaired awareness seizure may stare, rub their hands, or smack their lips. It may be hard to speak or understand language during the seizure. Sometimes a focal seizure can develop (or generalize) into a seizure that involves both sides of the brain. This is called a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. With this type of seizure, the whole body jerks with forceful movements.

• #71 Temporal lobe epilepsies

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/temporal-lobe-epilepsies

  The child nearly always has an aura (focal aware seizure), usually a rising sensation in the stomach. […] Anxiety, dj vu or strange sensations may also be reported. […] After some seconds, motor symptoms called automatisms may appear. […] Each seizure usually lasts between 30 and 90 seconds. […] The child may be confused or have difficulty speaking for a few minutes after the seizure. […] The seizures may respond to medications at first and the child may do well for several years, but the seizures often return when the child gets older. […] On average, the seizures begin when the person is in their late teen years or earlier adulthood, although they can also begin in earlier adolescence or later adulthood. […] Temporal lobe epilepsy is commonly caused by something called mesial temporal sclerosis.

• #72 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Temporal lobe epilepsy is the commonest seizure disorder and affects approximately fifty million people worldwide. […] The seizures can either be focal aware seizures, focal seizures with impaired awareness, and there can also be seizure activity which originates in the temporal lobe but extends to involve both cerebral hemispheres, commonly manifesting as focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Chronic memory impairment is a common finding in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. […] Symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy include the following: Focal aware seizures: classically referred to as „auras,” these phenomena include special sensory symptoms such as occurring in auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and visceral systems. […] Focal impaired awareness seizures: sometimes, a focal aware seizure may progress to a loss of consciousness.

• #73 Temporal lobe epilepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy

  The major cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is a progressive memory impairment. This involves declarative memory impairment, including episodic memory and semantic memory, and is worse when medications fail to control seizures. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language dominant hemisphere impairs verbal memory, and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the language non-dominant hemisphere impairs nonverbal memory. […] Psychiatric disorders are more common among those with epilepsy, and the highest prevalence occurs among those with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most common psychiatric comorbidity is major depressive disorder. Other disorders include post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and a ~9% prevalence of suicide.

• #74 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Both (2) and (3) above may be associated with a postictal period, which may manifest with confusion, aphasia, and/or amnesia. […] Approximately 60 percent of all forms of epilepsy are focal in origin, with the majority originating in the temporal lobe. […] About 75 percent of patients with MTLE do not achieve significant seizure control with medical treatment, with about 75 percent obtaining seizure freedom following surgical intervention. […] The risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline increases with the duration and frequency of epilepsy. Quality of life and other psychosocial domains are affected for these individuals.

• #75 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184509-overview

  In comparison with the general population, morbidity and mortality are increased in persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, due to increased accidents from the episodes of consciousness loss. […] Mortality also results from sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] The presence of a seizure-free state 2 years after anterior temporal lobectomy is predictive of long-term seizure-free outcome for the patient. […] Surgery in well-selected patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy yields a seizure-free outcome rate of 70-80%.

• #76 Temporal Seizure – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549852/

  Both (2) and (3) above may be associated with a postictal period, which may manifest with confusion, aphasia, and/or amnesia. […] Approximately 60 percent of all forms of epilepsy are focal in origin, with the majority originating in the temporal lobe. […] About 75 percent of patients with MTLE do not achieve significant seizure control with medical treatment, with about 75 percent obtaining seizure freedom following surgical intervention. […] The risk of irreversible neurocognitive decline increases with the duration and frequency of epilepsy. Quality of life and other psychosocial domains are affected for these individuals.

• #77 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184509-overview

  In comparison with the general population, morbidity and mortality are increased in persons with temporal lobe epilepsy, due to increased accidents from the episodes of consciousness loss. […] Mortality also results from sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). […] The presence of a seizure-free state 2 years after anterior temporal lobectomy is predictive of long-term seizure-free outcome for the patient. […] Surgery in well-selected patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy yields a seizure-free outcome rate of 70-80%.

• #78 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE): Seizure, Symptoms, and TreatmentShare to Facebookprint pageBookmark for latercaret iconFollow us on facebookFollow us on instagramFollow us on facebookFollow us on linkedincaret icon

  https://epilepsydisease.com/temporal-lobe

  Temporal lobe epilepsy, or TLE, is the most common type of focal epilepsy. TLE affects about 6 out of every 10 people with focal epilepsy. […] In TLE, seizures start in a specific part of the brain. That part is called the temporal lobe. […] Febrile seizures are the most common risk factor for TLE. These seizures happen as a result of a high fever. Babies and children who have a seizure caused by a high fever for 15 minutes or longer are more likely to develop TLE later. But most people who have febrile seizures do not develop TLE. […] Seizures that occur in TLE include focal aware seizures and focal impaired awareness seizures. […] A focal aware seizure is a seizure that starts in one area of the brain and stays in that area. […] A focal impaired awareness seizure is a type of seizure where the person is not aware of what is happening around them. […] Most people with TLE can get their seizures under control and lead normal lives. In children with TLE, seizures may even disappear over time. People who have a harder time controlling their seizures may also have mood or memory problems.

• #79 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Once the seizure begins, you may remain conscious but your body will begin to twitch and display unconscious actions. Youll make repetitive, uncontrollable movements such as lip smacking, swallowing, chewing, staring, or hand rubbing. Temporal lobe seizures look different in different people. They may be long or short, and they may be intense or mild to the point where you dont notice its happening. […] After a temporal lobe seizure occurs, you may experience: trouble speaking, confusion, being unaware a seizure occurred, intense fatigue. […] Rarely, people who experience a temporal lobe seizure will go on to experience a generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure, which causes convulsions and a loss of consciousness. […] While temporal lobe epilepsy can be successfully treated with medication or surgery, it always poses a danger to those living with it and possibly others, especially during the operation of heavy machinery or motor vehicles. Additionally, people with epilepsy who are resistant to drug treatment are more likely to experience memory and mood problems. These challenges can lead to a reduced quality of life and an increased risk of death. If properly managed through medications and lifestyle adaptations, people with seizures can live a full life.

• #80 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-lobe-epilepsy

  Once the seizure begins, you may remain conscious but your body will begin to twitch and display unconscious actions. Youll make repetitive, uncontrollable movements such as lip smacking, swallowing, chewing, staring, or hand rubbing. Temporal lobe seizures look different in different people. They may be long or short, and they may be intense or mild to the point where you dont notice its happening. […] After a temporal lobe seizure occurs, you may experience: trouble speaking, confusion, being unaware a seizure occurred, intense fatigue. […] Rarely, people who experience a temporal lobe seizure will go on to experience a generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure, which causes convulsions and a loss of consciousness. […] While temporal lobe epilepsy can be successfully treated with medication or surgery, it always poses a danger to those living with it and possibly others, especially during the operation of heavy machinery or motor vehicles. Additionally, people with epilepsy who are resistant to drug treatment are more likely to experience memory and mood problems. These challenges can lead to a reduced quality of life and an increased risk of death. If properly managed through medications and lifestyle adaptations, people with seizures can live a full life.

• #81 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  In infants, temporal seizures may be subtle and manifest with pallor, apnoea and behavioral arrest. There may be earlier and more marked motor manifestations including tonic seizures and epileptic spasms, which may reflect different patterns of spread in the developing brain. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures can have similar features to frontal focal impaired awareness seizures, however impaired awareness seizures of temporal origin tend to have a slower onset and progression, and postictal confusion is more pronounced. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures need to be distinguished from absence seizures. While both may have automatisms, temporal lobe seizures are typically longer ( 30 seconds), associated with pallor, and followed by postictal confusion.

• #82 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  In infants, temporal seizures may be subtle and manifest with pallor, apnoea and behavioral arrest. There may be earlier and more marked motor manifestations including tonic seizures and epileptic spasms, which may reflect different patterns of spread in the developing brain. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures can have similar features to frontal focal impaired awareness seizures, however impaired awareness seizures of temporal origin tend to have a slower onset and progression, and postictal confusion is more pronounced. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures need to be distinguished from absence seizures. While both may have automatisms, temporal lobe seizures are typically longer ( 30 seconds), associated with pallor, and followed by postictal confusion.

• #83 TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE

  https://www.epilepsydiagnosis.org/seizure/temporal-overview.html

  In infants, temporal seizures may be subtle and manifest with pallor, apnoea and behavioral arrest. There may be earlier and more marked motor manifestations including tonic seizures and epileptic spasms, which may reflect different patterns of spread in the developing brain. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures can have similar features to frontal focal impaired awareness seizures, however impaired awareness seizures of temporal origin tend to have a slower onset and progression, and postictal confusion is more pronounced. […] CAUTION Temporal focal impaired awareness seizures need to be distinguished from absence seizures. While both may have automatisms, temporal lobe seizures are typically longer ( 30 seconds), associated with pallor, and followed by postictal confusion.

• #84 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184509-clinical

  Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy typically have material-specific deficits in memory function as the hippocampi are important structures for memory function. […] Aura, now called focal aware, seizures occur in approximately 80% of temporal lobe seizures. […] A complex partial seizure may evolve to a secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure. […] Patients usually experience a postictal period of confusion, which distinguishes temporal lobe epilepsy from absence seizures, which are not associated with postictal confusion. […] The risk of temporal lobe epilepsy is poorly controlled focal impaired awareness seizures, which leads to disability in home, work, and public safety such as driving restrictions. If the seizures often progress to bilateral tonic clonic then there is an increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

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