Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #2 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. […] Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps make red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia develops when your body’s iron stores run low. This can occur because: […] You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace […] Your body does not absorb iron well […] Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enough foods that contain iron […] Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding). […] Bleeding can cause iron loss. Common causes of bleeding are: […] Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods […] Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon

• #3 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Evaluation and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0115/p98.html

  Iron deficiency anemia can result from inadequate iron intake, decreased iron absorption, increased iron demand, and increased iron loss. […] Once iron deficiency anemia is identified, the goal is to determine the underlying etiology. Causes include inadequate iron intake, decreased iron absorption, increased iron demand, and increased iron loss.

• #4 Groups at risk and causes of iron deficiency | Lifeblood

  https://www.lifeblood.com.au/health-professionals/clinical-practice/clinical-indications/iron-deficiency-anaemia/groups-at-risk-causes

  Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) can occur at all stages of life, being most prevalent among at-risk groups due to physiological, nutritional or social factors: […] Causes of iron deficiency […] Iron deficiency results when iron demands or losses exceed iron absorption and is often multifactorial. Factors contributing to negative iron balance include: […] Increased iron requirements […] Increased iron loss […] Decreased iron intake […] Decreased iron absorption.

• #5 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #6 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Iron loss is typically from blood loss. […] In women of childbearing age, heavy menstrual periods can be a source of blood loss causing iron-deficiency anemia. […] People who do not consume much iron in their diet, such as vegans or vegetarians, are also at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. […] The leading cause of iron-deficiency anemia worldwide is a parasitic disease known as a helminthiasis caused by infestation with parasitic worms (helminths); specifically, hookworms. […] Red blood cells contain iron, so blood loss also leads to iron loss. […] There are several causes of blood loss, including menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach ulcers, and bleeding disorders. […] The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and post-menopausal women is gastrointestinal bleeding.

• #7 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #8 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Hematology and Oncology – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-caused-by-deficient-erythropoiesis/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and usually results from blood loss; malabsorption, such as occurs in celiac disease, is a much less common cause. […] Blood loss is the major cause of iron deficiency. In men and postmenopausal women, the most frequent cause of blood loss is chronic occult bleeding, usually from the gastrointestinal tract (eg, due to peptic ulcer disease, malignancy, hemorrhoids, or vascular ectasias). […] Increased iron requirements may contribute to iron deficiency. From birth to age 2 and during adolescence, when rapid growth requires a large iron intake, dietary iron often is inadequate. […] Decreased iron absorption can result from gastrectomy or malabsorption syndromes such as celiac disease, atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, achlorhydria, short bowel syndrome, and rarely IRIDA (iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia).

• #9 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #10 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #11 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. […] Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps make red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia develops when your body’s iron stores run low. This can occur because: […] You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace […] Your body does not absorb iron well […] Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enough foods that contain iron […] Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding). […] Bleeding can cause iron loss. Common causes of bleeding are: […] Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods […] Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon

• #12 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #13 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #14 Iron deficiency anemia – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps make red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia develops when your body’s iron stores run low. This can occur because: […] You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace […] Your body does not absorb iron well […] Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enough foods that contain iron […] Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding). […] Bleeding can cause iron loss. Common causes of bleeding are: […] Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods […] Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon […] Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding

• #15 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #16 Iron-Deficiency Anemia – Hematology.org

  https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/iron-deficiency

  Iron deficiency is very common, especially among women and in people who have a diet that is low in iron. […] Other less common causes of iron deficiency include: Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract due to gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers in the stomach or bowel, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia (leaky blood vessels similar to varicose veins in the gastrointestinal tract), infections such as diverticulitis, or tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon. […] Intravascular hemolysis, a condition in which red blood cells break down in the blood stream, releasing iron that is then lost in the urine. This sometimes occurs in people who engage in vigorous exercise, particularly jogging. […] Iron deficiency is common in menstruating and pregnant women, children, and others with a diet history of excessive cow’s milk or low iron-containing foods. […] Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose the cause of iron deficiency, or your doctor may be concerned that there is a problem other than iron deficiency causing the anemia.

• #17 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #18 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22824-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron-deficiency anemia causes include blood loss, GI conditions, malabsorption and not getting enough iron in your diet […] What causes iron-deficiency anemia? […] Causes of iron-deficiency anemia may include: […] Blood loss from your period or from gastrointestinal conditions like esophageal reflux disease, ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease […] Malabsorption, in which iron can no longer be absorbed through your stomach (This is more common in people with celiac disease or in those whove had weight loss surgery.) […] Not getting enough iron in the foods you eat.

• #19 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #20 Iron-Deficiency Anemia – Hematology.org

  https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/iron-deficiency

  Iron deficiency is very common, especially among women and in people who have a diet that is low in iron. […] Other less common causes of iron deficiency include: Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract due to gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers in the stomach or bowel, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia (leaky blood vessels similar to varicose veins in the gastrointestinal tract), infections such as diverticulitis, or tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon. […] Intravascular hemolysis, a condition in which red blood cells break down in the blood stream, releasing iron that is then lost in the urine. This sometimes occurs in people who engage in vigorous exercise, particularly jogging. […] Iron deficiency is common in menstruating and pregnant women, children, and others with a diet history of excessive cow’s milk or low iron-containing foods. […] Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose the cause of iron deficiency, or your doctor may be concerned that there is a problem other than iron deficiency causing the anemia.

• #21 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #22 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes-5188964

  Medical conditions that cause internal bleeding, such as stomach ulcers and colon polyps, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. […] IDA is common during pregnancy. […] IDA can be a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). […] Inflammation causes the liver to make more of a hormone called hepcidin. […] Females between the ages of 15-49 have a higher risk for iron deficiency compared to males of the same age group. […] Family and genetics may play a part in the development of IDA. […] Some age groups may have an increased risk for IDA. […] Lead poisoning from water or environmental sources can affect the body’s ability to make red blood cells. […] Certain lifestyle habits can increase a person’s risk for iron deficiency anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia can result from low dietary iron intake, reduced absorption of iron from the diet, blood loss, impaired release of stored iron, or increased iron need in pregnancy.

• #23 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron, leading to the decreased production of red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. […] There are many things that can lead to a lack of iron in the body. In men and post-menopausal women, the most common cause is bleeding in the stomach and intestines. […] In women of reproductive age, heavy periods and pregnancy are the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia as your body needs extra iron for your baby during pregnancy. […] A lack of iron can be caused by several factors. Some of the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia are outlined below. […] In women of reproductive age, periods are the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia. […] It’s also very common for women to develop iron deficiency during pregnancy.

• #24 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age. So is pregnancy, because your body needs more iron during this time in order to create enough oxygen for the baby. […] Certain medical conditions can cause internal bleeding, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Certain disorders or surgeries that affect the intestines can also interfere with how your body absorbs iron. […] If you have endometriosis, you may have heavy blood loss during menstrual periods. […] Some conditions like celiac disease that can make it difficult to absorb enough iron are passed down through families. […] This mutation causes your body to make too much hepcidin. Hepcidin is a hormone that can block your intestines from absorbing iron. […] Anemia is a common condition and can occur in both men and women of any age and from any ethnic group. Some people may be at greater risk of iron-deficiency anemia than others, including: […] Pregnancy, significant menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids are all reasons that women are more likely to experience iron-deficiency anemia. […] If anemia or iron deficiency is left untreated, it can lead to other health problems.

• #25 Iron Deficiency Anemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p671.html

  Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. […] Iron deficiency results when iron demand by the body is not met by iron absorption from the diet. […] Thus, patients with IDA presenting in primary care may have inadequate dietary intake, hampered absorption, or physiologic losses in a woman of reproductive age. […] It also could be a sign of blood loss, known or occult. […] IDA is never an end diagnosis; the work-up is not complete until the reason for IDA is known. […] Iron metabolism is unusual in that it is controlled by absorption rather than excretion. […] Iron is only lost through blood loss or loss of cells as they slough. […] Men and nonmenstruating women lose about 1 mg of iron per day. […] Menstruating women lose from 0.6 to 2.5 percent more per day.

• #26 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age. So is pregnancy, because your body needs more iron during this time in order to create enough oxygen for the baby. […] Certain medical conditions can cause internal bleeding, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Certain disorders or surgeries that affect the intestines can also interfere with how your body absorbs iron. […] If you have endometriosis, you may have heavy blood loss during menstrual periods. […] Some conditions like celiac disease that can make it difficult to absorb enough iron are passed down through families. […] This mutation causes your body to make too much hepcidin. Hepcidin is a hormone that can block your intestines from absorbing iron. […] Anemia is a common condition and can occur in both men and women of any age and from any ethnic group. Some people may be at greater risk of iron-deficiency anemia than others, including: […] Pregnancy, significant menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids are all reasons that women are more likely to experience iron-deficiency anemia. […] If anemia or iron deficiency is left untreated, it can lead to other health problems.

• #27 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. […] Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding. […] Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass. […] In the developing world, parasitic worms, malaria, and HIV/AIDS increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia. […] A diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia requires further investigation into its cause. […] It can be caused by increased iron demand, increased iron loss, or decreased iron intake. […] Increased iron demand often occurs during periods of growth, such as in children and pregnant women.

• #28 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Not having enough iron in your body causes iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iron usually is due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food. […] When you lose blood, you lose iron. If you don’t have enough iron stored in your body to make up for the lost iron, you’ll develop iron-deficiency anemia. […] In women, long or heavy menstrual periods or bleeding fibroids in the uterus may cause low iron levels. Blood loss that occurs during childbirth is another cause of low iron levels in women. […] Internal bleeding (bleeding inside the body) also may lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Blood loss from severe injuries, surgery, or frequent blood drawings also can cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, fish, and iron-fortified foods (foods that have iron added). If you don’t eat these foods regularly, or if you don’t take an iron supplement, you’re more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

• #29 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Having low levels of iron can mean you have iron-deficiency anemia. It can occur for many reasons, including not consuming enough iron or experiencing blood loss. […] Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron, which your body needs to make hemoglobin. […] In women of childbearing age, a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia is a loss of iron in the blood due to heavy menstruation or pregnancy. A poor diet, or certain intestinal diseases that affect how the body absorbs iron, can also cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] According to the ASH, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. There are many reasons that a person might become deficient in iron. These include: […] Eating too little iron over an extended amount of time can cause a shortage in your body.

• #30 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Frequent blood donors are also at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. […] If a person consumes too little iron, or iron that is poorly absorbed (non-heme iron), they can become iron deficient over time. […] Iron deficiency affects maternal well-being by increasing risks for infections and complications during pregnancy. […] Iron deficiency can lead to improper development of fetal tissues. […] Iron deficiency can lead to premature labor and to problems with neural functioning, including delays in language and motor development in the infant.

• #31 Iron deficiency anemia: Causes, symptoms, and management

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318096

  Iron deficiency anemia relates directly to a lack of iron in the body. However, the cause of iron deficiency varies based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. […] Some common causes include: blood loss, diet, decreased ability to absorb iron, pregnancy. […] One of the most common causes of iron deficiency in adults is blood loss. […] Iron deficiency may occur due to a lack of iron in a person’s diet. […] There are certain medications, factors, and conditions that can make it more difficult to absorb iron. This can lead to iron deficiency anemia. […] Low iron levels are a common issue during pregnancy. […] People, such as vegetarians or vegans, who eat a plant-based diet, may have low iron levels. […] Pregnancy, menopause, and heavy bleeding during menstruation can all increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia in females. […] Regular blood donation can lead to iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. […] Infants and children may be at risk for iron deficiency.

• #32 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Not having enough iron in your body causes iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iron usually is due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food. […] When you lose blood, you lose iron. If you don’t have enough iron stored in your body to make up for the lost iron, you’ll develop iron-deficiency anemia. […] In women, long or heavy menstrual periods or bleeding fibroids in the uterus may cause low iron levels. Blood loss that occurs during childbirth is another cause of low iron levels in women. […] Internal bleeding (bleeding inside the body) also may lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Blood loss from severe injuries, surgery, or frequent blood drawings also can cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, fish, and iron-fortified foods (foods that have iron added). If you don’t eat these foods regularly, or if you don’t take an iron supplement, you’re more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

• #33 Iron Deficiency Anemia (Low Iron): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Heavy periods. […] Women with heavy periods can become low in iron because they lose blood during their cycle. […] Injuries. […] Any injury that causes you to lose blood can cause iron deficiency anemia. […] Frequent blood donations. […] Giving blood often can remove iron from your body. […] Pregnancy. […] When you’re expecting, you need extra iron to nourish your growing baby as well as provide enough for you and the increase in your blood volume. […] End-stage kidney failure. […] If your kidneys aren’t working the right way, they can’t make erythropoietin, a hormone made by kidneys that helps with producing red blood cells. […] Medications. […] Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause internal gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Chronic health conditions that cause inflammation.

• #34 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Not having enough iron in your body causes iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iron usually is due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food. […] When you lose blood, you lose iron. If you don’t have enough iron stored in your body to make up for the lost iron, you’ll develop iron-deficiency anemia. […] In women, long or heavy menstrual periods or bleeding fibroids in the uterus may cause low iron levels. Blood loss that occurs during childbirth is another cause of low iron levels in women. […] Internal bleeding (bleeding inside the body) also may lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Blood loss from severe injuries, surgery, or frequent blood drawings also can cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, fish, and iron-fortified foods (foods that have iron added). If you don’t eat these foods regularly, or if you don’t take an iron supplement, you’re more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

• #35 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #36 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #37 Iron-Deficiency Anemia – Hematology.org

  https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/anemia/iron-deficiency

  Iron deficiency is very common, especially among women and in people who have a diet that is low in iron. […] Other less common causes of iron deficiency include: Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract due to gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers in the stomach or bowel, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia (leaky blood vessels similar to varicose veins in the gastrointestinal tract), infections such as diverticulitis, or tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon. […] Intravascular hemolysis, a condition in which red blood cells break down in the blood stream, releasing iron that is then lost in the urine. This sometimes occurs in people who engage in vigorous exercise, particularly jogging. […] Iron deficiency is common in menstruating and pregnant women, children, and others with a diet history of excessive cow’s milk or low iron-containing foods. […] Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose the cause of iron deficiency, or your doctor may be concerned that there is a problem other than iron deficiency causing the anemia.

• #38 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview

  Iron deficiency anemia develops when body stores of iron drop too low to support normal red blood cell (RBC) production. Inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron in the urine may be the cause. […] Iron deficiency is defined as a decreased total iron body content. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron deficiency is severe enough to diminish erythropoiesis and cause the development of anemia. […] Posthemorrhagic anemia is discussed in this article because it is an important cause of iron deficiency. […] Either diminished absorbable dietary iron or excessive loss of body iron can cause iron deficiency. Diminished absorption usually is due to an insufficient intake of dietary iron in an absorbable form. Hemorrhage is the most common cause of excessive loss of body iron, but it can occur with hemoglobinuria from intravascular hemolysis.

• #39 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Malabsorption is when your body can’t absorb iron from food, and is another possible cause of iron deficiency anaemia. […] Unless you’re pregnant, it’s rare for iron deficiency anaemia to be caused solely by a lack of iron in your diet. […] Some studies suggest vegetarians or vegans are more at risk of iron deficiency anaemia because of the lack of meat in their diet.

• #40 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #41 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Malabsorption is when your body can’t absorb iron from food, and is another possible cause of iron deficiency anaemia. […] Unless you’re pregnant, it’s rare for iron deficiency anaemia to be caused solely by a lack of iron in your diet. […] Some studies suggest vegetarians or vegans are more at risk of iron deficiency anaemia because of the lack of meat in their diet.

• #42 Iron Deficiency Anemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p671.html

  A pregnancy takes about 700 mg of iron, and a whole blood donation of 500 cc contains 250 mg of iron. […] Iron absorption, which occurs mostly in the jejunum, is only 5 to 10 percent of dietary intake in persons in homeostasis. […] In states of overload, absorption decreases. […] Absorption can increase three- to fivefold in states of depletion. […] Dietary iron is available in two forms: heme iron, which is found in meat; and nonheme iron, which is found in plant and dairy foods. […] Absorption of heme iron is minimally affected by dietary factors, whereas nonheme iron makes up the bulk of consumed iron. […] The bioavailability of non-heme iron requires acid digestion and varies by an order of magnitude depending on the concentration of enhancers (e.g., ascorbate, meat) and inhibitors (e.g., calcium, fiber, tea, coffee, wine) found in the diet.

• #43 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Iron deficiency is when your body’s iron stores are too low. Common causes include not getting enough iron in your diet, chronic blood loss, pregnancy and vigorous exercise. […] In adults, some of the common causes of iron deficiency include: Not getting enough iron in your diet (also known as inadequate dietary intake). There are many reasons why someone’s dietary intake of iron could be too low, for example due to a poorly balanced vegetarian diet, chronic fad dieting or having limited access to a wide range of fresh foods. […] Blood loss iron deficiency easily occurs in situations of chronic (ongoing) blood loss. Common causes include heavy menstrual periods, regular blood donation, regular nosebleeds, other chronic conditions that involve bleeding (such as peptic ulcers, polyps or cancers in the large intestine), and certain medications, particularly aspirin.

• #44 Anemia caused by low iron – infants and toddlers: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm

  Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. […] A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause. […] Infants younger than 12 months who drink cow’s milk rather than breast milk or iron-fortified formula are more likely to have anemia. […] Cow’s milk leads to anemia because it: Has less iron, Causes small amounts of blood loss from the intestines, Makes it harder for the body to absorb iron. […] Children older than 12 months who drink too much cow’s milk may also have anemia if they do not eat enough other healthy foods that have iron.

• #45 Iron-Deficiency Anemia (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ida.html

  Iron-deficiency anemia can happen when: […] Someone has blood loss from an injury, heavy menstrual periods, or bleeding inside the intestines. […] Someone doesn’t get enough iron in the diet. This can happen in: children who drink too much cow’s milk, and babies given cow’s milk before they’re 1 year old […] vegetarians because they don’t eat meat, a source of iron […] breastfed babies who don’t get iron supplements […] babies given formula with low iron […] babies who were born early or small who may need more iron than formula or breast milk contains.

• #46 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Iron deficiency is when your body’s iron stores are too low. Common causes include not getting enough iron in your diet, chronic blood loss, pregnancy and vigorous exercise. […] In adults, some of the common causes of iron deficiency include: Not getting enough iron in your diet (also known as inadequate dietary intake). There are many reasons why someone’s dietary intake of iron could be too low, for example due to a poorly balanced vegetarian diet, chronic fad dieting or having limited access to a wide range of fresh foods. […] Blood loss iron deficiency easily occurs in situations of chronic (ongoing) blood loss. Common causes include heavy menstrual periods, regular blood donation, regular nosebleeds, other chronic conditions that involve bleeding (such as peptic ulcers, polyps or cancers in the large intestine), and certain medications, particularly aspirin.

• #47 Iron Deficiency – Diagnosis and Management – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/iron-deficiency

  Individualize disease-specific management depending on underlying cause. Even when there is an apparently obvious cause the etiology may be multifactorial. […] Anemia in the elderly is a common clinical finding, often multifactorial, and has significant impact on quality of life, functional decline, and mortality. Treatment of iron deficiency and its underlying cause(s) may improve outcomes. Iron deficiency is the second most common cause of anemia after anemia of chronic disease (the reverse is true for younger patients). […] The diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency is challenging in the elderly. Serum ferritin below 50 ug/L should be investigated for iron deficiency in the elderly though cut-offs between 30 and 100 mg/L have been proposed.

• #48 Iron Deficiency Anemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p671.html

  A pregnancy takes about 700 mg of iron, and a whole blood donation of 500 cc contains 250 mg of iron. […] Iron absorption, which occurs mostly in the jejunum, is only 5 to 10 percent of dietary intake in persons in homeostasis. […] In states of overload, absorption decreases. […] Absorption can increase three- to fivefold in states of depletion. […] Dietary iron is available in two forms: heme iron, which is found in meat; and nonheme iron, which is found in plant and dairy foods. […] Absorption of heme iron is minimally affected by dietary factors, whereas nonheme iron makes up the bulk of consumed iron. […] The bioavailability of non-heme iron requires acid digestion and varies by an order of magnitude depending on the concentration of enhancers (e.g., ascorbate, meat) and inhibitors (e.g., calcium, fiber, tea, coffee, wine) found in the diet.

• #49 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #50 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #51 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #52 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22824-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron-deficiency anemia causes include blood loss, GI conditions, malabsorption and not getting enough iron in your diet […] What causes iron-deficiency anemia? […] Causes of iron-deficiency anemia may include: […] Blood loss from your period or from gastrointestinal conditions like esophageal reflux disease, ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease […] Malabsorption, in which iron can no longer be absorbed through your stomach (This is more common in people with celiac disease or in those whove had weight loss surgery.) […] Not getting enough iron in the foods you eat.

• #53 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #54 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview

  Substances that diminish the absorption of ferrous and ferric iron include phytates, oxalates, phosphates, carbonates, and tannates. […] Bleeding for any reason produces iron depletion. If sufficient blood loss occurs, iron deficiency anemia ensues. […] Prolonged achlorhydria may produce iron deficiency because acidic conditions are required to release ferric iron from food. […] Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a hereditary disorder marked by with iron deficiency anemia that is typically unresponsive to oral iron supplementation and may be only partially responsive to parenteral iron therapy.

• #55 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #56 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Hematology and Oncology – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-caused-by-deficient-erythropoiesis/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and usually results from blood loss; malabsorption, such as occurs in celiac disease, is a much less common cause. […] Blood loss is the major cause of iron deficiency. In men and postmenopausal women, the most frequent cause of blood loss is chronic occult bleeding, usually from the gastrointestinal tract (eg, due to peptic ulcer disease, malignancy, hemorrhoids, or vascular ectasias). […] Increased iron requirements may contribute to iron deficiency. From birth to age 2 and during adolescence, when rapid growth requires a large iron intake, dietary iron often is inadequate. […] Decreased iron absorption can result from gastrectomy or malabsorption syndromes such as celiac disease, atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, achlorhydria, short bowel syndrome, and rarely IRIDA (iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia).

• #57 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #58 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #59 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #60 Video: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Gastroenterology: Managing Underlying Causes and Tackling Treatment Challenges

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/video-iron-deficiency-anemia-in-gastroenterology-managing-underlying-causes-and-tackling-treatment-challenges

  Iron deficiency in gastric bypass patients: Patients who have undergone gastric bypass surgery are at higher risk for iron deficiency. These patients may require more tailored approaches, including IV iron therapy, depending on their specific needs. […] In summary, successful management of IDA requires a comprehensive understanding of the causes, treatment options, and individual patient needs. Regular monitoring and the careful selection of iron therapies, including IV options, are essential for optimal patient care.

• #61 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #62 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #63 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Hematology and Oncology – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-caused-by-deficient-erythropoiesis/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and usually results from blood loss; malabsorption, such as occurs in celiac disease, is a much less common cause. […] Blood loss is the major cause of iron deficiency. In men and postmenopausal women, the most frequent cause of blood loss is chronic occult bleeding, usually from the gastrointestinal tract (eg, due to peptic ulcer disease, malignancy, hemorrhoids, or vascular ectasias). […] Increased iron requirements may contribute to iron deficiency. From birth to age 2 and during adolescence, when rapid growth requires a large iron intake, dietary iron often is inadequate. […] Decreased iron absorption can result from gastrectomy or malabsorption syndromes such as celiac disease, atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, achlorhydria, short bowel syndrome, and rarely IRIDA (iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia).

• #64 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #65 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  During some stages of life, such as pregnancy and childhood, it may be hard to get enough iron in your diet. This is because your need for iron increases during these times of growth and development. […] Even if you have enough iron in your diet, your body may not be able to absorb it. This can happen if you have intestinal surgery (such as gastric bypass) or a disease of the intestine (such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease). […] Prescription medicines that reduce acid in the stomach also can interfere with iron absorption.

• #66 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #67 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview

  Substances that diminish the absorption of ferrous and ferric iron include phytates, oxalates, phosphates, carbonates, and tannates. […] Bleeding for any reason produces iron depletion. If sufficient blood loss occurs, iron deficiency anemia ensues. […] Prolonged achlorhydria may produce iron deficiency because acidic conditions are required to release ferric iron from food. […] Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a hereditary disorder marked by with iron deficiency anemia that is typically unresponsive to oral iron supplementation and may be only partially responsive to parenteral iron therapy.

• #68 Anemia caused by low iron – infants and toddlers: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007618.htm

  Anemia caused by a low iron level is the most common form of anemia. […] A diet that does not have enough iron is the most common cause. […] Infants younger than 12 months who drink cow’s milk rather than breast milk or iron-fortified formula are more likely to have anemia. […] Cow’s milk leads to anemia because it: Has less iron, Causes small amounts of blood loss from the intestines, Makes it harder for the body to absorb iron. […] Children older than 12 months who drink too much cow’s milk may also have anemia if they do not eat enough other healthy foods that have iron.

• #69 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Increased need for iron if you are pregnant or breastfeeding your body needs more iron. If this increased need isn’t met, iron deficiency can quickly occur. […] Exercise athletes are prone to iron deficiency because regular exercise increases the body’s need for iron in several ways. For example, hard training promotes red blood cell production (which requires iron), and iron is lost through sweating. […] Inability to absorb iron healthy adults absorb about 10 to 15% of dietary iron, but some people’s bodies are unable to absorb or use iron from food. […] Major risk factors for the development of iron deficiency in children include: prematurity and low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months (not introducing solids), high intake of cows milk in young children less than 2 years old, low or no meat intake, vegetarian and vegan eating, poor diet in the second year of life, possible gastrointestinal diseases, lead poisoning.

• #70 What Causes Iron Deficiency Anemia

  https://www.swintegrativemedicine.com/blog/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Any chronic inflammation in the digestive tract can interfere with absorption. […] The iron-rich foods are foods that are rich in blood. […] It is possible to get some iron from plants. However these don’t contain nearly the same amount of bioavailable iron as animal protein. […] There are of course other causes for iron deficiency anemia but these are the most common that I see.

• #71 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #72 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. […] Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps make red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia develops when your body’s iron stores run low. This can occur because: […] You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace […] Your body does not absorb iron well […] Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enough foods that contain iron […] Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding). […] Bleeding can cause iron loss. Common causes of bleeding are: […] Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods […] Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon

• #73 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron, leading to the decreased production of red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. […] There are many things that can lead to a lack of iron in the body. In men and post-menopausal women, the most common cause is bleeding in the stomach and intestines. […] In women of reproductive age, heavy periods and pregnancy are the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia as your body needs extra iron for your baby during pregnancy. […] A lack of iron can be caused by several factors. Some of the most common causes of iron deficiency anaemia are outlined below. […] In women of reproductive age, periods are the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia. […] It’s also very common for women to develop iron deficiency during pregnancy.

• #74 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #75 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #76 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  A lack of iron in your diet. Your body regularly gets iron from the foods you eat. If you consume too little iron, over time your body can become iron deficient. Examples of iron-rich foods include meat, eggs, leafy green vegetables and iron-fortified foods. For proper growth and development, infants and children need iron from their diets, too. […] An inability to absorb iron. Iron from food is absorbed into your bloodstream in your small intestine. An intestinal disorder, such as celiac disease, which affects your intestine’s ability to absorb nutrients from digested food, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If part of your small intestine has been bypassed or removed surgically, that may affect your ability to absorb iron and other nutrients. […] Pregnancy. Without iron supplementation, iron deficiency anemia occurs in many pregnant women because their iron stores need to serve their own increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for the growing fetus.

• #77 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Frequent blood donors are also at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. […] If a person consumes too little iron, or iron that is poorly absorbed (non-heme iron), they can become iron deficient over time. […] Iron deficiency affects maternal well-being by increasing risks for infections and complications during pregnancy. […] Iron deficiency can lead to improper development of fetal tissues. […] Iron deficiency can lead to premature labor and to problems with neural functioning, including delays in language and motor development in the infant.

• #78 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Causes • The Blood Project

  https://www.thebloodproject.com/cases-archive/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes-2/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes/

  Causes of iron deficiency. Physiological: In infants, consumption of iron stores that accumulate during gestation to support rapid growth may lead to absolute iron deficiency. In adolescence, there is continued increased iron requirements owing to rapid growth. In female adolescents, menstruation further increases the risk for iron deficiency. During pregnancy, demands for absorbed iron increase, which some cannot meet exclusively by dietary iron intake. Causes of iron deficiency during pregnancy include expansion of maternal red cell mass, and growth of the fetus and placenta. Inadequate diet: Plant-based iron (non-heme iron) is not as well absorbed as iron obtained from meat and fish (heme iron), hence the increased risk of iron deficiency in vegetarians and vegans. Malabsorption: Non-heme iron is in the form of Fe3+ (ferric iron). Heme iron is complexed as Fe 2+ (ferrous iron) in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Absorption of non-heme Fe3+ requires gastric acid-dependent reduction to Fe 2+. Thus, factors that lead to achlorhydria may cause iron deficiency. Although iron is primarily absorbed in the duodenum, surgical procedures that involve the stomach (e.g., bariatric surgery) commonly lead to iron deficiency. Mechanisms include decreased iron intake post-operative reduction in food intake and changes in food preferences, malabsorption from hypochloridria and surgeries that involve bypassing of duodenum and proximal jejunum and blood loss from blind intestinal loops and marginal ulcers. Chronic blood loss: Chronic blood loss, especially from menstruation and gastrointestinal sources, is by far the most common cause of iron deficiency.

• #79 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Not having enough iron in your body causes iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iron usually is due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food. […] When you lose blood, you lose iron. If you don’t have enough iron stored in your body to make up for the lost iron, you’ll develop iron-deficiency anemia. […] In women, long or heavy menstrual periods or bleeding fibroids in the uterus may cause low iron levels. Blood loss that occurs during childbirth is another cause of low iron levels in women. […] Internal bleeding (bleeding inside the body) also may lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Blood loss from severe injuries, surgery, or frequent blood drawings also can cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, fish, and iron-fortified foods (foods that have iron added). If you don’t eat these foods regularly, or if you don’t take an iron supplement, you’re more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

• #80 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Increased need for iron if you are pregnant or breastfeeding your body needs more iron. If this increased need isn’t met, iron deficiency can quickly occur. […] Exercise athletes are prone to iron deficiency because regular exercise increases the body’s need for iron in several ways. For example, hard training promotes red blood cell production (which requires iron), and iron is lost through sweating. […] Inability to absorb iron healthy adults absorb about 10 to 15% of dietary iron, but some people’s bodies are unable to absorb or use iron from food. […] Major risk factors for the development of iron deficiency in children include: prematurity and low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months (not introducing solids), high intake of cows milk in young children less than 2 years old, low or no meat intake, vegetarian and vegan eating, poor diet in the second year of life, possible gastrointestinal diseases, lead poisoning.

• #81 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. […] Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body does not have enough iron. Iron helps make red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia develops when your body’s iron stores run low. This can occur because: […] You lose more blood cells and iron than your body can replace […] Your body does not absorb iron well […] Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating enough foods that contain iron […] Your body needs more iron than normal (such as if you are pregnant or breastfeeding). […] Bleeding can cause iron loss. Common causes of bleeding are: […] Heavy, long, or frequent menstrual periods […] Cancer in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon

• #82 Iron Deficiency Anemia | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/iron-anemia

  The body’s need for more iron during times when regular amounts of iron in the diet may not be enough. Examples include: Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Women that are pregnant or breastfeeding need higher than normal amounts of iron. […] Premature birth: Babies that are premature, or born before their due date, need more iron than other babies. […] Growth spurts: Children under the age of 3 can grow so fast that their bodies need more iron than what they eat. This can happen when their diets do not include enough foods with iron.

• #83 Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-children

  Anemia is a common health problem in children. The most common cause of anemia is not getting enough iron. Iron-deficiency anemia can be caused by: […] Diets low in iron. A child gets iron from the food in their diet. But only a small amount of the iron in food is actually absorbed by the body. […] Body changes. When the body goes through a growth spurt, it needs more iron for making more red blood cells. […] Gastrointestinal (GI) tract problems. Poor absorption of iron is common after some forms of GI surgeries. […] Blood loss. Loss of blood can cause a decrease of iron. Sources of blood loss may include GI bleeding, menstrual bleeding, or injury. […] Iron-deficiency anemia may cause delayed growth and development.

• #84 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Causes • The Blood Project

  https://www.thebloodproject.com/cases-archive/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes-2/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes/

  Causes of iron deficiency. Physiological: In infants, consumption of iron stores that accumulate during gestation to support rapid growth may lead to absolute iron deficiency. In adolescence, there is continued increased iron requirements owing to rapid growth. In female adolescents, menstruation further increases the risk for iron deficiency. During pregnancy, demands for absorbed iron increase, which some cannot meet exclusively by dietary iron intake. Causes of iron deficiency during pregnancy include expansion of maternal red cell mass, and growth of the fetus and placenta. Inadequate diet: Plant-based iron (non-heme iron) is not as well absorbed as iron obtained from meat and fish (heme iron), hence the increased risk of iron deficiency in vegetarians and vegans. Malabsorption: Non-heme iron is in the form of Fe3+ (ferric iron). Heme iron is complexed as Fe 2+ (ferrous iron) in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Absorption of non-heme Fe3+ requires gastric acid-dependent reduction to Fe 2+. Thus, factors that lead to achlorhydria may cause iron deficiency. Although iron is primarily absorbed in the duodenum, surgical procedures that involve the stomach (e.g., bariatric surgery) commonly lead to iron deficiency. Mechanisms include decreased iron intake post-operative reduction in food intake and changes in food preferences, malabsorption from hypochloridria and surgeries that involve bypassing of duodenum and proximal jejunum and blood loss from blind intestinal loops and marginal ulcers. Chronic blood loss: Chronic blood loss, especially from menstruation and gastrointestinal sources, is by far the most common cause of iron deficiency.

• #85 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Iron deficiency is when your body’s iron stores are too low. Common causes include not getting enough iron in your diet, chronic blood loss, pregnancy and vigorous exercise. […] In adults, some of the common causes of iron deficiency include: Not getting enough iron in your diet (also known as inadequate dietary intake). There are many reasons why someone’s dietary intake of iron could be too low, for example due to a poorly balanced vegetarian diet, chronic fad dieting or having limited access to a wide range of fresh foods. […] Blood loss iron deficiency easily occurs in situations of chronic (ongoing) blood loss. Common causes include heavy menstrual periods, regular blood donation, regular nosebleeds, other chronic conditions that involve bleeding (such as peptic ulcers, polyps or cancers in the large intestine), and certain medications, particularly aspirin.

• #86 Iron Deficiency Anemia | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/i/iron-anemia

  The body’s need for more iron during times when regular amounts of iron in the diet may not be enough. Examples include: Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Women that are pregnant or breastfeeding need higher than normal amounts of iron. […] Premature birth: Babies that are premature, or born before their due date, need more iron than other babies. […] Growth spurts: Children under the age of 3 can grow so fast that their bodies need more iron than what they eat. This can happen when their diets do not include enough foods with iron.

• #87 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Increased need for iron if you are pregnant or breastfeeding your body needs more iron. If this increased need isn’t met, iron deficiency can quickly occur. […] Exercise athletes are prone to iron deficiency because regular exercise increases the body’s need for iron in several ways. For example, hard training promotes red blood cell production (which requires iron), and iron is lost through sweating. […] Inability to absorb iron healthy adults absorb about 10 to 15% of dietary iron, but some people’s bodies are unable to absorb or use iron from food. […] Major risk factors for the development of iron deficiency in children include: prematurity and low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months (not introducing solids), high intake of cows milk in young children less than 2 years old, low or no meat intake, vegetarian and vegan eating, poor diet in the second year of life, possible gastrointestinal diseases, lead poisoning.

• #88 Exercise-induced anaemia: a forgotten cause of iron deficiency anaemia in young adults | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/65/634/268

  Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common finding in general practice. […] The main causes of IDA are age-dependent. Iron loss by menstrual or gastrointestinal bleeding and malabsorption of iron in the small intestine are the most reported causes of IDA. […] Less known and therefore an often forgotten cause of IDA, is physical exercise. […] These cases demonstrate intensive physical exercise as a potential cause of IDA, particularly in young females. […] If gastrointestinal symptoms are not present and the most common causes of IDA in premenopausal females are excluded (for example, menstrual bleeding, pregnancy, and use of NSAIDs) intensive physical exercise should be considered as a possible cause. […] Discontinuing intensive training should resolve the anaemia after several months if exercise is found to be the causative factor.

• #89 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #90 What Causes Iron-Deficiency Anemia? | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/blood-disorders/what-iron-deficiency-anemia/what-causes-iron-deficiency-anemia

  Not having enough iron in your body causes iron-deficiency anemia. Lack of iron usually is due to blood loss, poor diet, or an inability to absorb enough iron from food. […] When you lose blood, you lose iron. If you don’t have enough iron stored in your body to make up for the lost iron, you’ll develop iron-deficiency anemia. […] In women, long or heavy menstrual periods or bleeding fibroids in the uterus may cause low iron levels. Blood loss that occurs during childbirth is another cause of low iron levels in women. […] Internal bleeding (bleeding inside the body) also may lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Blood loss from severe injuries, surgery, or frequent blood drawings also can cause iron-deficiency anemia. […] The best sources of iron are meat, poultry, fish, and iron-fortified foods (foods that have iron added). If you don’t eat these foods regularly, or if you don’t take an iron supplement, you’re more likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia.

• #91 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age. So is pregnancy, because your body needs more iron during this time in order to create enough oxygen for the baby. […] Certain medical conditions can cause internal bleeding, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Certain disorders or surgeries that affect the intestines can also interfere with how your body absorbs iron. […] If you have endometriosis, you may have heavy blood loss during menstrual periods. […] Some conditions like celiac disease that can make it difficult to absorb enough iron are passed down through families. […] This mutation causes your body to make too much hepcidin. Hepcidin is a hormone that can block your intestines from absorbing iron. […] Anemia is a common condition and can occur in both men and women of any age and from any ethnic group. Some people may be at greater risk of iron-deficiency anemia than others, including: […] Pregnancy, significant menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids are all reasons that women are more likely to experience iron-deficiency anemia. […] If anemia or iron deficiency is left untreated, it can lead to other health problems.

• #92 Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/irida

  Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare form of iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when red blood cell counts are low due to a lack of iron. […] While iron deficiency anemia is generally an acquired disease and due to insufficient iron in the child’s diet or chronic blood loss, children with IRIDA are born with a gene mutation that causes iron deficiency. […] IRIDA is caused by mutations in the gene TMPRSS6. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, which means both parents must have a copy of the gene mutation and pass it on to their child. […] The TMPRSS6 gene encodes a particular liver protein that regulates the production of hepcidin, an iron regulatory hormone. In children with IRIDA, the TMPRSS6 mutation causes elevated levels of hepcidin, which ultimately impairs the body’s ability to both absorb and use iron. […] There is some evidence that relatives that carry one abnormal copy of TMPRSS6 (e.g., parents) are more susceptible to acquired iron deficiency.

• #93 Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/irida

  Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare form of iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when red blood cell counts are low due to a lack of iron. […] While iron deficiency anemia is generally an acquired disease and due to insufficient iron in the child’s diet or chronic blood loss, children with IRIDA are born with a gene mutation that causes iron deficiency. […] IRIDA is caused by mutations in the gene TMPRSS6. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, which means both parents must have a copy of the gene mutation and pass it on to their child. […] The TMPRSS6 gene encodes a particular liver protein that regulates the production of hepcidin, an iron regulatory hormone. In children with IRIDA, the TMPRSS6 mutation causes elevated levels of hepcidin, which ultimately impairs the body’s ability to both absorb and use iron. […] There is some evidence that relatives that carry one abnormal copy of TMPRSS6 (e.g., parents) are more susceptible to acquired iron deficiency.

• #94 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview

  Substances that diminish the absorption of ferrous and ferric iron include phytates, oxalates, phosphates, carbonates, and tannates. […] Bleeding for any reason produces iron depletion. If sufficient blood loss occurs, iron deficiency anemia ensues. […] Prolonged achlorhydria may produce iron deficiency because acidic conditions are required to release ferric iron from food. […] Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a hereditary disorder marked by with iron deficiency anemia that is typically unresponsive to oral iron supplementation and may be only partially responsive to parenteral iron therapy.

• #95 Iron-Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/irida

  Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare form of iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when red blood cell counts are low due to a lack of iron. […] While iron deficiency anemia is generally an acquired disease and due to insufficient iron in the child’s diet or chronic blood loss, children with IRIDA are born with a gene mutation that causes iron deficiency. […] IRIDA is caused by mutations in the gene TMPRSS6. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, which means both parents must have a copy of the gene mutation and pass it on to their child. […] The TMPRSS6 gene encodes a particular liver protein that regulates the production of hepcidin, an iron regulatory hormone. In children with IRIDA, the TMPRSS6 mutation causes elevated levels of hepcidin, which ultimately impairs the body’s ability to both absorb and use iron. […] There is some evidence that relatives that carry one abnormal copy of TMPRSS6 (e.g., parents) are more susceptible to acquired iron deficiency.

• #96 Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age. So is pregnancy, because your body needs more iron during this time in order to create enough oxygen for the baby. […] Certain medical conditions can cause internal bleeding, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. […] Certain disorders or surgeries that affect the intestines can also interfere with how your body absorbs iron. […] If you have endometriosis, you may have heavy blood loss during menstrual periods. […] Some conditions like celiac disease that can make it difficult to absorb enough iron are passed down through families. […] This mutation causes your body to make too much hepcidin. Hepcidin is a hormone that can block your intestines from absorbing iron. […] Anemia is a common condition and can occur in both men and women of any age and from any ethnic group. Some people may be at greater risk of iron-deficiency anemia than others, including: […] Pregnancy, significant menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids are all reasons that women are more likely to experience iron-deficiency anemia. […] If anemia or iron deficiency is left untreated, it can lead to other health problems.

• #97 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The WHO has recognised iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected with this condition. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron and decreased iron absorption are also culpable causes. […] Iron deficiency occurs in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease. […] While IDA is more prevalent in children and women, adult men are also susceptible depending on their socioeconomic status and health conditions. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron intake and absorption are also culpable causes.

• #98 Iron Deficiency Anemia (Low Iron): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/iron-deficiency-anemia

  People who have certain long-term conditions involving inflammation can develop anemia of chronic disease (ACD). […] Genetics. […] A rare condition called iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia is a form of anemia that you can inherit from your parents. […] The main causes of iron deficiency anemia are losing blood, having a diet low in iron, being pregnant, and being unable to absorb iron.

• #99 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #100 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The causes of IDA in CKD are similar to those in CCF, namely, reduced GI iron absorption, poor nutrition and blood loss caused by dialysis and frequent blood sampling. […] IDA has been acknowledged as one of the most common extra intestinal manifestations of IBD. […] Impaired GI iron absorption is caused by chronically inflamed bowel, chronic blood losses, bowel resection and malnutrition. […] IDA is associated with multiple types of cancer, including GI (colorectal, pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric), lung, genitourinary (cervical, prostate, testicular), breast and haemotological (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma). […] The aim is to improve QoL and reduce reliance on blood transfusions that are often associated with further multiorgan complications.

• #101 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The WHO has recognised iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected with this condition. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron and decreased iron absorption are also culpable causes. […] Iron deficiency occurs in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease. […] While IDA is more prevalent in children and women, adult men are also susceptible depending on their socioeconomic status and health conditions. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron intake and absorption are also culpable causes.

• #102 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The WHO has recognised iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected with this condition. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron and decreased iron absorption are also culpable causes. […] Iron deficiency occurs in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease. […] While IDA is more prevalent in children and women, adult men are also susceptible depending on their socioeconomic status and health conditions. […] Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron intake and absorption are also culpable causes.

• #103 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The causes of IDA in CKD are similar to those in CCF, namely, reduced GI iron absorption, poor nutrition and blood loss caused by dialysis and frequent blood sampling. […] IDA has been acknowledged as one of the most common extra intestinal manifestations of IBD. […] Impaired GI iron absorption is caused by chronically inflamed bowel, chronic blood losses, bowel resection and malnutrition. […] IDA is associated with multiple types of cancer, including GI (colorectal, pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric), lung, genitourinary (cervical, prostate, testicular), breast and haemotological (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma). […] The aim is to improve QoL and reduce reliance on blood transfusions that are often associated with further multiorgan complications.

• #104 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The causes of IDA in CKD are similar to those in CCF, namely, reduced GI iron absorption, poor nutrition and blood loss caused by dialysis and frequent blood sampling. […] IDA has been acknowledged as one of the most common extra intestinal manifestations of IBD. […] Impaired GI iron absorption is caused by chronically inflamed bowel, chronic blood losses, bowel resection and malnutrition. […] IDA is associated with multiple types of cancer, including GI (colorectal, pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric), lung, genitourinary (cervical, prostate, testicular), breast and haemotological (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma). […] The aim is to improve QoL and reduce reliance on blood transfusions that are often associated with further multiorgan complications.

• #105 Anaemia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/anaemia

  Low iron levels (iron deficiency) is the most common cause of anaemia. […] Anaemia can have many causes. Examples of these include: […] Dietary deficiency – Lack of iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid in the diet […] Chronic inflammatory diseases – Chronic inflammation such as seen in arthritis can result in reduced ability to utilize iron in the body […] The discovery of anaemia should prompt further investigations as to the underlying causes. The treatment options depend on the reason causing anaemia. […] Anaemia caused by dietary deficiency can be prevented by making sure that you eat food from certain food groups on a regular basis, including dairy foods, lean meats, nuts and legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #106 Iron Deficiency Anemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/

  Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, which results in microcytic and hypochromic red cells on the peripheral smear. […] The cause of iron-deficiency anemia varies based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Iron deficiency may result from insufficient iron intake, decreased absorption, or blood loss. Iron-deficiency anemia is most often from blood loss, especially in older patients. […] In developing countries, a parasitic infestation is also a significant cause of iron-deficiency anemia. […] Iron deficiency will lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia on the peripheral blood smear. […] The treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes treating the underlying cause, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and oral iron supplementation.

• #107 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Iron loss is typically from blood loss. […] In women of childbearing age, heavy menstrual periods can be a source of blood loss causing iron-deficiency anemia. […] People who do not consume much iron in their diet, such as vegans or vegetarians, are also at increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. […] The leading cause of iron-deficiency anemia worldwide is a parasitic disease known as a helminthiasis caused by infestation with parasitic worms (helminths); specifically, hookworms. […] Red blood cells contain iron, so blood loss also leads to iron loss. […] There are several causes of blood loss, including menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach ulcers, and bleeding disorders. […] The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and post-menopausal women is gastrointestinal bleeding.

• #108 Iron deficiency anemia – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/iron-deficiency-anemia/

  Iron losses include gastrointestinal bleeding, occult gastrointestinal malignancy (e.g., colon cancer), hookworm infestation (e.g., Ancylostoma spp., N. americanus), peptic ulcer disease, and increased risk with NSAID use. […] Decreased iron intake can result from chronic undernutrition, a cereal-based diet, or a strict vegan diet. […] Decreased iron absorption can occur due to achlorhydria/hypochlorhydria (e.g., due to autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori infection-induced atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, surgical resection of the duodenum, or bariatric surgery. […] Increased demand for iron occurs during pregnancy, lactation, growth spurts, and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy.

• #109 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #110 Iron-Deficiency Anaemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/anaemia-leaflet/iron-deficiency-anaemia

  Iron-deficiency anaemia is a common type of anaemia that is caused by a lack of iron. […] A low level of iron, leading to anaemia, can result from various causes. Some are more serious than others. […] Iron deficiency is a common cause of anaemia, often seen in pregnancy. Low iron levels may be caused by bleeding – for example, heavy periods or from the gastrointestinal tract (gut) (stomach ulcer, bowel cancer or piles). […] Sometimes the gut can’t absorb enough iron – for example, in coeliac disease. […] A normal balanced diet will usually contain enough iron for your body’s needs. […] Not eating foods with enough iron is sometimes the cause of iron-deficiency anaemia. […] Traditional diets in some parts of the world contain a high level of chemicals such as phytates and polyphenols. […] This gut infection is the most common cause of iron-deficiency anaemia worldwide.

• #111

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia

  Anaemia can be caused by poor nutrition, infections, chronic diseases, heavy menstruation, pregnancy issues and family history. It is often caused by a lack of iron in the blood. […] Iron deficiency, primarily due to inadequate dietary iron intake, is considered the most common nutritional deficiency leading to anaemia. […] Infections can be another important cause of anaemia, depending on the local burden of infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic infections. […] Consistent heavy menstrual losses, maternal blood volume expansion during pregnancy, and blood loss during and after childbirth, particularly in cases of postpartum haemorrhage, commonly lead to anaemia. […] Additionally, in some regions, inherited red blood cell disorders are a common cause of anaemia.

• #112 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. […] Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding. […] Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass. […] In the developing world, parasitic worms, malaria, and HIV/AIDS increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia. […] A diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia requires further investigation into its cause. […] It can be caused by increased iron demand, increased iron loss, or decreased iron intake. […] Increased iron demand often occurs during periods of growth, such as in children and pregnant women.

• #113 Iron and iron deficiency | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron

  Increased need for iron if you are pregnant or breastfeeding your body needs more iron. If this increased need isn’t met, iron deficiency can quickly occur. […] Exercise athletes are prone to iron deficiency because regular exercise increases the body’s need for iron in several ways. For example, hard training promotes red blood cell production (which requires iron), and iron is lost through sweating. […] Inability to absorb iron healthy adults absorb about 10 to 15% of dietary iron, but some people’s bodies are unable to absorb or use iron from food. […] Major risk factors for the development of iron deficiency in children include: prematurity and low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months (not introducing solids), high intake of cows milk in young children less than 2 years old, low or no meat intake, vegetarian and vegan eating, poor diet in the second year of life, possible gastrointestinal diseases, lead poisoning.

• #114 Iron Deficiency Anemia: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes-5188964

  Medical conditions that cause internal bleeding, such as stomach ulcers and colon polyps, can lead to iron deficiency anemia. […] IDA is common during pregnancy. […] IDA can be a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). […] Inflammation causes the liver to make more of a hormone called hepcidin. […] Females between the ages of 15-49 have a higher risk for iron deficiency compared to males of the same age group. […] Family and genetics may play a part in the development of IDA. […] Some age groups may have an increased risk for IDA. […] Lead poisoning from water or environmental sources can affect the body’s ability to make red blood cells. […] Certain lifestyle habits can increase a person’s risk for iron deficiency anemia. […] Iron deficiency anemia can result from low dietary iron intake, reduced absorption of iron from the diet, blood loss, impaired release of stored iron, or increased iron need in pregnancy.

• #115 Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3929-anemia

  Many things can cause it. For example, iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. You can develop this type if you dont get enough iron from the food you eat, or if you lose blood from an injury or illness. […] Anemia may be a symptom or complication of the following: Autoimmune diseases. Cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Kidney disease. Liver disease. Thyroid disease. […] An inherited anemia is when youre born with the condition. Inherited anemias include: Diamond-Blackfan anemia: This inherited disorder keeps your bone marrow from making enough red blood cells. Fanconi anemia: This is a rare blood disorder. People with Fanconi anemia have an increased risk of blood disorders, including anemia. Sickle cell anemia: This condition changes your red blood cells shape, turning round, flexible discs into stiff and sticky sickle cells that block blood flow. Thalassemia: In this condition, your body produces less hemoglobin, resulting in small red blood cells and anemia.

• #116 Iron-deficiency anemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

  Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. […] Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding. […] Poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass. […] In the developing world, parasitic worms, malaria, and HIV/AIDS increase the risk of iron deficiency anemia. […] A diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia requires further investigation into its cause. […] It can be caused by increased iron demand, increased iron loss, or decreased iron intake. […] Increased iron demand often occurs during periods of growth, such as in children and pregnant women.

• #117

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia

  Anaemia can be caused by poor nutrition, infections, chronic diseases, heavy menstruation, pregnancy issues and family history. It is often caused by a lack of iron in the blood. […] Iron deficiency, primarily due to inadequate dietary iron intake, is considered the most common nutritional deficiency leading to anaemia. […] Infections can be another important cause of anaemia, depending on the local burden of infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic infections. […] Consistent heavy menstrual losses, maternal blood volume expansion during pregnancy, and blood loss during and after childbirth, particularly in cases of postpartum haemorrhage, commonly lead to anaemia. […] Additionally, in some regions, inherited red blood cell disorders are a common cause of anaemia.

• #118

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia

  Anaemia can be caused by poor nutrition, infections, chronic diseases, heavy menstruation, pregnancy issues and family history. It is often caused by a lack of iron in the blood. […] Iron deficiency, primarily due to inadequate dietary iron intake, is considered the most common nutritional deficiency leading to anaemia. […] Infections can be another important cause of anaemia, depending on the local burden of infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic infections. […] Consistent heavy menstrual losses, maternal blood volume expansion during pregnancy, and blood loss during and after childbirth, particularly in cases of postpartum haemorrhage, commonly lead to anaemia. […] Additionally, in some regions, inherited red blood cell disorders are a common cause of anaemia.

• #119 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #120 Iron deficiency anaemia | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in men, as well as women who’ve experienced the menopause. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause bleeding in the stomach. […] Stomach ulcers can cause the stomach lining to bleed, which can lead to anaemia. […] In a few cases, gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by cancer, usually stomach cancer or bowel cancer. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also be caused by a condition called angiodysplasia. […] People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develop iron deficiency anaemia. […] Other conditions or actions that cause blood loss and may lead to iron deficiency anaemia include inflammatory bowel disease, oesophagitis, schistosomiasis, blood donation, trauma, nosebleeds, and haematuria.

• #121 Iron deficiency anemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355034

  Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that gives blood its red color and enables the red blood cells to carry oxygenated blood throughout your body. […] If you aren’t consuming enough iron, or if you’re losing too much iron, your body can’t produce enough hemoglobin, and iron deficiency anemia will eventually develop. […] Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: […] Blood loss. Blood contains iron within red blood cells. So if you lose blood, you lose some iron. Women with heavy periods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia because they lose blood during menstruation. Slow, chronic blood loss within the body such as from a peptic ulcer, a hiatal hernia, a colon polyp or colorectal cancer can cause iron deficiency anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin.

• #122 Iron deficiency anaemia

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/iron-deficiency-anaemia/

  Iron deficiency anaemia is caused by lack of iron, often because of blood loss or pregnancy. […] Heavy periods and pregnancy are very common causes of iron deficiency anaemia. Heavy periods can be treated with medicine. […] In pregnancy, iron deficiency anaemia is most often caused by a lack of iron in your diet. […] Bleeding in the stomach and intestines is another common cause of iron deficiency anaemia. This can be caused by: taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, stomach ulcers, inflammation of the bowel or food pipe (oesophagus), piles, cancers of the bowel or stomach but this is less common. […] Any other conditions or actions that cause blood loss could also lead to iron deficiency anaemia.

• #123 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #124 Iron deficiency anemia Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/iron-deficiency-anemia

  Esophageal varices, often from cirrhosis […] The use of aspirin, ibuprofen, or medicines that may thin the blood for a long time, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding […] Peptic ulcer disease. […] Your body may not absorb enough iron in your diet due to: […] Celiac disease […] Crohn disease […] Gastric bypass surgery […] Taking too many antacids or too much of the antibiotic tetracycline. […] You may not get enough iron in your diet if: […] You are a strict vegetarian […] You do not eat enough foods that contain iron.

• #125 Iron Deficiency – Diagnosis and Management – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/iron-deficiency

  Individualize disease-specific management depending on underlying cause. Even when there is an apparently obvious cause the etiology may be multifactorial. […] Anemia in the elderly is a common clinical finding, often multifactorial, and has significant impact on quality of life, functional decline, and mortality. Treatment of iron deficiency and its underlying cause(s) may improve outcomes. Iron deficiency is the second most common cause of anemia after anemia of chronic disease (the reverse is true for younger patients). […] The diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency is challenging in the elderly. Serum ferritin below 50 ug/L should be investigated for iron deficiency in the elderly though cut-offs between 30 and 100 mg/L have been proposed.

• #126 Iron Deficiency Anemia – Causes • The Blood Project

  https://www.thebloodproject.com/cases-archive/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes-2/iron-deficiency-anemia-causes/

  Iron deficiency anemia is often multifactorial, and dual pathology (for example, significant disease in both upper and lower GI tract) is found in 1%–10% of cases—this should be particularly considered in the older patient. […] In males and postmenopausal women, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is found in 8%–10% of cases. […] In premenopausal women, cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is found in about 1% of cases.

• #127 Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management | BMJ Open Gastroenterology

  https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000759

  The causes of IDA in CKD are similar to those in CCF, namely, reduced GI iron absorption, poor nutrition and blood loss caused by dialysis and frequent blood sampling. […] IDA has been acknowledged as one of the most common extra intestinal manifestations of IBD. […] Impaired GI iron absorption is caused by chronically inflamed bowel, chronic blood losses, bowel resection and malnutrition. […] IDA is associated with multiple types of cancer, including GI (colorectal, pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric), lung, genitourinary (cervical, prostate, testicular), breast and haemotological (lymphoma, leukaemia, myeloma). […] The aim is to improve QoL and reduce reliance on blood transfusions that are often associated with further multiorgan complications.

• #128 Iron Deficiency Anemia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0301/p671.html

  Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. […] Iron deficiency results when iron demand by the body is not met by iron absorption from the diet. […] Thus, patients with IDA presenting in primary care may have inadequate dietary intake, hampered absorption, or physiologic losses in a woman of reproductive age. […] It also could be a sign of blood loss, known or occult. […] IDA is never an end diagnosis; the work-up is not complete until the reason for IDA is known. […] Iron metabolism is unusual in that it is controlled by absorption rather than excretion. […] Iron is only lost through blood loss or loss of cells as they slough. […] Men and nonmenstruating women lose about 1 mg of iron per day. […] Menstruating women lose from 0.6 to 2.5 percent more per day.

• #129 Iron Deficiency – Diagnosis and Management – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/iron-deficiency

  Determine the cause of iron deficiency. Consider age and clinical presentation when investigating for cause. […] Iron deficiency by itself causes symptoms for patients, even in the absence of anemia, and warrants investigation and treatment. […] Once iron deficiency/IDA is diagnosed, the etiology must be identified. Clinical evaluation of the cause of iron deficiency is important. It should be based upon a directed history, symptom review and physical examination. […] Menorrhagia is the most frequent cause of iron deficiency among pre-menopausal women. […] Iron deficiency/IDA in adult men and post-menopausal women and in pre-menopausal women without menorrhagia is more likely to have a serious underlying cause of blood loss including malignancy. […] The objective of treatment is to replenish iron stores: normalize hemoglobin levels and ferritin.

• #130 Iron Deficiency Anemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/

  Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, which results in microcytic and hypochromic red cells on the peripheral smear. […] The cause of iron-deficiency anemia varies based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Iron deficiency may result from insufficient iron intake, decreased absorption, or blood loss. Iron-deficiency anemia is most often from blood loss, especially in older patients. […] In developing countries, a parasitic infestation is also a significant cause of iron-deficiency anemia. […] Iron deficiency will lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia on the peripheral blood smear. […] The treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes treating the underlying cause, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and oral iron supplementation.

• #131 Iron Deficiency – Diagnosis and Management – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/iron-deficiency

  Determine the cause of iron deficiency. Consider age and clinical presentation when investigating for cause. […] Iron deficiency by itself causes symptoms for patients, even in the absence of anemia, and warrants investigation and treatment. […] Once iron deficiency/IDA is diagnosed, the etiology must be identified. Clinical evaluation of the cause of iron deficiency is important. It should be based upon a directed history, symptom review and physical examination. […] Menorrhagia is the most frequent cause of iron deficiency among pre-menopausal women. […] Iron deficiency/IDA in adult men and post-menopausal women and in pre-menopausal women without menorrhagia is more likely to have a serious underlying cause of blood loss including malignancy. […] The objective of treatment is to replenish iron stores: normalize hemoglobin levels and ferritin.

• #132 Iron Deficiency Anemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/

  Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, which results in microcytic and hypochromic red cells on the peripheral smear. […] The cause of iron-deficiency anemia varies based on age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Iron deficiency may result from insufficient iron intake, decreased absorption, or blood loss. Iron-deficiency anemia is most often from blood loss, especially in older patients. […] In developing countries, a parasitic infestation is also a significant cause of iron-deficiency anemia. […] Iron deficiency will lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia on the peripheral blood smear. […] The treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes treating the underlying cause, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and oral iron supplementation.

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