Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Alcohol use disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20369243

  Alcohol use disorder is a pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol or continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems. This disorder also involves having to drink more to get the same effect or having withdrawal symptoms when you rapidly decrease or stop drinking. Alcohol use disorder includes a level of drinking that’s sometimes called alcoholism. […] If your pattern of drinking results in repeated significant distress and problems functioning in your daily life, you likely have alcohol use disorder. It can range from mild to severe. However, even a mild disorder can escalate and lead to serious problems, so early treatment is important. […] Alcohol use disorder can be mild, moderate or severe, based on the number of symptoms you experience. Signs and symptoms may include: Being unable to limit the amount of alcohol you drink, Wanting to cut down on how much you drink or making unsuccessful attempts to do so, Spending a lot of time drinking, getting alcohol or recovering from alcohol use, Feeling a strong craving or urge to drink alcohol, Failing to fulfill major obligations at work, school or home due to repeated alcohol use, Continuing to drink alcohol even though you know it’s causing physical, social, work or relationship problems, Giving up or reducing social and work activities and hobbies to use alcohol, Using alcohol in situations where it’s not safe, such as when driving or swimming, Developing a tolerance to alcohol so you need more to feel its effect or you have a reduced effect from the same amount, Experiencing withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating and shaking when you don’t drink, or drinking to avoid these symptoms.

• #1 Alcohol use disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20369243

  Alcohol use disorder can include periods of being drunk (alcohol intoxication) and symptoms of withdrawal. […] Alcohol withdrawal can occur when alcohol use has been heavy and prolonged and is then stopped or greatly reduced. It can occur within several hours to 4 to 5 days later. Signs and symptoms include sweating, rapid heartbeat, hand tremors, problems sleeping, nausea and vomiting, hallucinations, restlessness and agitation, anxiety, and occasionally seizures. Symptoms can be severe enough to impair your ability to function at work or in social situations.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/

  Alcohol misuse is when you drink in a way that’s harmful, or when you’re dependent on alcohol. To keep health risks from alcohol to a low level, both men and women are advised not to regularly drink more than 14 units a week. […] The risk to your health is increased by drinking any amount of alcohol on a regular basis. […] Persistent alcohol misuse increases your risk of serious health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, liver disease, liver cancer, bowel cancer, mouth cancer, breast cancer, pancreatitis, and damage to the brain, which can lead to problems with thinking and memory. […] If someone loses control over their drinking and has an excessive desire to drink, it’s known as dependent drinking (alcoholism). […] A dependent drinker usually experiences physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms if they suddenly cut down or stop drinking, including hand tremors „the shakes,” sweating, seeing things that are not real (visual hallucinations), depression, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping (insomnia). […] This often leads to „relief drinking” to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

• #3 Alcohol Use Disorder: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3909-alcoholism

  Alcohol use disorder may take over your life. You may drink despite the damage it does to your relationships or plan your life around your next drink. It also causes physical issues like craving alcohol or having alcohol withdrawal symptoms. […] When you think about medical condition symptoms, you may focus on physical issues like pain, fever or a cough that wont go away. Alcohol use disorder symptoms focus on changes in your mood and behavior, including: Craving beverages containing alcohol. Continuing to use these beverages even though your drinking affects your relationships with your family, friends and colleagues. Drinking more than you intended, or for longer than you intended. Spending lots of time obtaining and drinking these beverages or recovering from hangovers caused by drinking. Repeatedly trying to reduce how much you drink. Repeatedly failing to meet work or family obligations because youre drinking. Giving up important social, work or recreational activities because of alcohol. Using alcohol in physically hazardous situations. Continuing to drink when you have a medical condition or mental disorder that gets worse when you drink. Having a high tolerance for beverages containing alcohol. Having alcohol withdrawal symptoms or drinking to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

• #4 Alcohol Withdrawal Timeline: What Symptoms to Expect in Days 1-5

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/alcohol-abuse/how-long-alcohol-detox-take/

  The alcohol withdrawal duration and detox processes can begin within hours of discontinuing a drinking session. Typically, alcohol withdrawal symptoms happen for heavier drinkers. […] Alcohol withdrawal can begin within hours of ending a drinking session. However, not everyone will experience withdrawal symptoms in the same way some people will experience less severe symptoms than others, for example. You are more likely to go through severe withdrawal if you: […] The amount of time that it takes for alcohol to completely leave your bloodstream depends on multiple factors, including age, gender, health, genetic makeup and history of alcohol use. According to the National Library of Medicine, alcohol withdrawal typically begins within eight hours after the last drink, but it can also take a few days to begin in some cases. The symptoms usually peak within 24 to 72 hours, but some can continue for several weeks.

• #5 Alcohol dependence

  https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/mental-health/alcohol-dependence

  An early sign of dependence is when you need more alcohol to achieve the desired effect. Increased tolerance is a physiological response we have to certain drugs: the more you consume, the more you need to consume to have the same effect. […] As dependence gets more established, you might find you end up spending most of your time thinking about alcohol or engaging in activities necessary to obtain, consume, or recover from the effects of drinking. […] Then, as dependence takes over, its possible you will find you get the shakes if you dont have a drink, and so feel the need to keep drinking to avoid experiencing very unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. […] Symptoms they look for are: Impaired control over alcohol use. This might mean not being able to control how long a drinking session is, how much alcohol you consume when you do drink, how frequently you drink, being unable to stop drinking once you start, or drinking on inappropriate occasions or at inappropriate places.

• #6 Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms, Detox & Treatment | AdCare

  https://adcare.com/alcohol-abuse/withdrawal/

  Alcohol dependence, and the associated withdrawal syndrome, are commonly seen in people with alcohol use disorders. As someone develops alcohol dependence, their bodies adapt to the presence of alcohol to a point at which they essentially require alcohol to function and feel normal. Without alcohol, the body will begin to show signs of alcohol withdrawal. […] Acute alcohol withdrawal can be very uncomfortable and, in some cases, life-threatening. Because of the potential for significant health risks associated with alcohol withdrawal, a supervised medical detox is commonly sought to keep people safe during alcohol detox. […] The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is one of the most serious of all the substance use withdrawal syndromes. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to severe to life-threatening in certain cases.

• #6 Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms, Detox & Treatment | AdCare

  https://adcare.com/alcohol-abuse/withdrawal/

  When an alcohol-dependent person stops drinking as much alcohol as they’re used to, or quits drinking completely, their CNS can become overexcited, as certain types of brain activity are no longer being inhibited by alcohol. This overexcitement of the CNS can contribute to a range of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. […] The symptoms of alcohol withdrawal may include: Anxiety, Agitation, Problems sleeping, A diminished ability to feel pleasure, An inability to think clearly, Headaches, Bodily aches and pains, Rapid heart rate, Elevated blood pressure, Fever, Sweating, Hand tremors, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Vomiting, Hallucinations (visual, auditory, or tactile), Seizures, Delirium tremens. […] Delirium tremens, commonly called DTs, is a particularly severe and dangerous manifestation of alcohol withdrawal. It involves the development of significant changes in mental status and nervous system function and is characterized by symptoms such as: Sudden onset of severe confusion (delirium), Rapid changes in mood and/or mental functioning, Agitation, Profound changes in levels of consciousness (e.g., bursts of energy and stupor), Sensitivity to light, touch, and sound, Body tremors, Hallucinations (seeing, feeling, hearing, or smelling things that aren’t there), Tonic-clonic seizures.

• #6 Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms, Detox & Treatment | AdCare

  https://adcare.com/alcohol-abuse/withdrawal/

  Symptoms of DTs typically begin around 48 hours after your last drink and can last up to 5 days. Without treatment, people who experience the DTs have a 37% mortality rate, so it is crucial to seek treatment for alcohol withdrawal, especially if you use alcohol heavily or have experienced significant alcohol withdrawal in the past. […] The timeline for alcohol withdrawal may vary from person to person. Many people progress through several stages of alcohol withdrawal: The more mild symptoms such as headache, GI upset, and insomnia tend to arise first (within 6-12 hours). The more severe symptoms, such as hallucinations and seizures, may begin appearing within 24 hours, though the risk of seizures may remain elevated for several days beyond this. Should delirium tremens arise, it usually happens between 2 and 4 days from the last drink.

• #7 The Stages Of Alcohol Use Disorder (Progression of Alcoholism) – The Ridge Ohio

  https://theridgeohio.com/alcohol-abuse/the-stages-of-alcohol-dependence/

  Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a progressive disease that develops through distinct stages. It often starts with experimental or social drinking, transitions into problematic or dependent drinking, and can ultimately lead to late-stage alcoholism characterized by significant physical, mental, and social harm. Early intervention can help prevent the escalation to more severe stages and aid recovery. […] Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition affecting individuals worldwide. Its progression is often insidious, with symptoms escalating through distinct stages of alcoholism that can sometimes be overlooked until the disorder becomes severe. This alcoholism progression begins with the early signs of a growing dependence on alcohol, where individuals might consume more alcohol to achieve the same effect due to increasing tolerance.

• #7 The Stages Of Alcohol Use Disorder (Progression of Alcoholism) – The Ridge Ohio

  https://theridgeohio.com/alcohol-abuse/the-stages-of-alcohol-dependence/

  Increased tolerance and craving for alcohol are two signs of the early stages of alcohol abuse. Its important to seek help at this early stage to stop the disorder from getting worse. […] Early-stage alcoholism is a progressive condition and if you abuse alcohol there is a strong chance it gets worse. Seeking help as soon as possible increases the chances of recovery. […] The middle phase of alcohol use disorder is marked by: loss of control over drinking and increased alcohol consumption. Individuals start to develop problem drinking habits and may start prioritizing drinking over daily needs, neglecting personal, professional, or social responsibilities. Tolerance continues to increase, along with blackouts, memory loss, and the tendency to hide drinking habits from loved ones to avoid judgment.

• #7 The Stages Of Alcohol Use Disorder (Progression of Alcoholism) – The Ridge Ohio

  https://theridgeohio.com/alcohol-abuse/the-stages-of-alcohol-dependence/

  End-stage alcoholism is the phase in which alcohol use can be considered severe. It is characterized by significant physical and psychological negative consequences. Drinking in this stage feels like a necessary part of daily life and often individuals feel that they have no control over their behavior. […] Each stage of alcoholism carries its unique set of challenges and harms, underlining the importance of early detection and intervention. Overcoming AUD often requires a comprehensive approach, involving medical treatment, psychotherapy, support groups, and lifestyle changes. […] The stages of alcohol addiction serve as a reminder of the progressive nature of this disease and the importance of addressing it at the earliest signs and receiving proper treatment.

• #8 Stages of Alcoholism: Symptoms and Progression | Confidant Health

  https://www.confidanthealth.com/help-with-alcohol-use/stages-of-alcoholism

  There are four stages of alcohol use disorder (AUD): pre-AUD, mild, moderate, and severe. […] This disease progresses through identifiable stages, each with its own set of symptoms that escalate in severity over time. […] Alcohol dependence involves four stages, each with its own problems to conquer: […] In this critical phase, severe health and mental issues emerge, greatly affecting daily life. […] Here are a few symptoms commonly seen in alcohol dependency: […] Excessive drinking, including binge drinking and heavy drinking, is a sign of alcohol misuse. […] Those misusing alcohol often build a tolerance, needing more to feel its effects. […] Feeling sick when not drinking is a sign of alcohol misuse. […] Spending a lot of time drinking or recovering from it suggests alcohol misuse.

• #9 Stages of Alcoholism – Early to End-Stage Alcoholism Symptoms

  https://www.addictionhelp.com/alcohol/stages/

  Alcoholism is a disease that can take over a person’s life and leave them feeling hopeless. […] It starts innocently enough, with an occasional drink but before you know it, drinking becomes a habit that’s hard to control. As time goes on, alcoholism progresses, affecting your health and well-being. […] There are four distinct stages of alcoholism, each with unique characteristics: Early-stage alcoholism: Occasional binge drinking and an increasing tolerance for alcohol. Middle-stage alcoholism: Development of physical and psychological dependence on alcohol, increased frequency of drinking, and signs of alcohol withdrawal. Late-stage alcoholism: An individual qualifies for the severe form of alcohol use disorder (AUD) as per DSM-5 criteria. End-stage alcoholism: Final stage of alcoholism; can include severe health problems, disability, and a reduced life expectancy.

• #9 Stages of Alcoholism – Early to End-Stage Alcoholism Symptoms

  https://www.addictionhelp.com/alcohol/stages/

  Early-stage alcoholism can be difficult to diagnose because it does not always include all the classic symptoms of addiction. However, some warning signs may indicate an alcohol problem at this stage, including: Binge drinking, Tolerance for alcohol, Drinking to deal with negative feelings or stress, Trying unsuccessfully to cut down on alcohol intake, Regularly drinking until intoxicated, Experiencing blackouts, Being unable to control the amount of alcohol consumed in a single sitting, Preoccupation with alcohol. […] Middle-stage alcoholics might deny their drinking problem or try to hide their alcohol use from others. […] However, there are some common signs of middle-stage alcoholism to look out for, including: Difficulty controlling drinking, Neglecting responsibilities, Physical dependence, Withdrawal symptoms.

• #9 Stages of Alcoholism – Early to End-Stage Alcoholism Symptoms

  https://www.addictionhelp.com/alcohol/stages/

  Late-stage alcoholism occurs when the body has become so dependent on alcohol that it cannot function without it. It can result in significant physical and mental health problems, plus social and occupational impairment. […] Severe AUD diagnosis is based on at least 6 of these 11 criteria being met in a 12-month period: Alcohol cravings, Tolerance, Continued drinking despite alcohol-related health problems, Alcohol withdrawal symptoms, Lack of control over drinking, Preoccupation with drinking, Continued use despite damaged relationships, Disruptions in family life or school/work performance, Getting into risky situations due to excessive drinking, An inability to cut back on alcohol use, Giving up on previously enjoyed activities because of prioritizing drinking. […] End-stage alcoholism is the final stage of alcohol addiction and is associated with life-threatening health problems and often isolation.

• #9 Stages of Alcoholism – Early to End-Stage Alcoholism Symptoms

  https://www.addictionhelp.com/alcohol/stages/

  After a long period of continuous heavy drinking, alcohol has contributed to the damage and deterioration of vital organs such as the liver, heart, kidneys, pancreas, and brain. […] Some signs and symptoms common to end-stage alcoholism include: Life-threatening health problems, Increased alcohol consumption, Physical changes, Difficulty quitting, A decline in personal hygiene, Severe withdrawal symptoms, Isolation.

• #10 End-Stage Alcoholism: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/alcohol/end-stage-alcoholism/

  End-stage alcoholism is the final stage of alcoholism, when serious mental health and medical issues are beginning to appear. Without intervention, it can be fatal. […] End-stage alcoholism is the final, most destructive stage of alcoholism. Typically, an individual reaches end-stage alcoholism after years of alcohol abuse. At this point, people who have spent years drinking may have developed health issues and mental health conditions in addition to their alcohol abuse. Major organ damage and failure often occur during this time, as well as interpersonal consequences like isolation and job loss. […] The final stage, known as the end-stage of alcohol abuse, is the point where a person is experiencing very serious health and mental issues. It could end in death. […] End-stage alcoholism typically presents a number of health complications. First, the liver becomes damaged, possibly permanently. Liver enzymes become elevated, signifying damage, and the liver gains fats and inflammation, eventually leading to scarring. The result of the damage is often liver disease or cirrhosis.

• #10 End-Stage Alcoholism: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/alcohol/end-stage-alcoholism/

  Other long-term health risks of alcohol abuse, like heart problems and stroke, stem from chronic alcohol abuse in end-stage alcoholism. Risks of dementia, cancer, and hepatitis increase. Addiction can also affect the brain, causing brain damage and cognitive impairment in the end-stage of alcoholism. […] In the end-stages of alcoholism there are noticeable health conditions, like jaundice, from liver failure. There are also more subtle signs like itchy skin, fluid retention, fatigue, and bleeding. If you know someone who drinks regularly and has these symptoms, have them reach out to a treatment provider to discuss their treatment options.

• #11 Causes & Effects of Alcohol Addiction | Life Center of Galax

  https://www.galaxrecovery.com/alcohol/signs-symptoms-withdrawals/

  Alcohol abuse leads to tolerance (requiring increasingly greater amounts of the drug in order to experience the high that previously resulted from smaller doses) and dependence (physical reliance upon the drug in order to forestall the onset of withdrawal symptoms). […] Dependence upon or addiction to alcohol (commonly referred to as alcoholism) is a widespread problem that has caused significant damage to individuals, families, and communities. […] In some situations, people who develop a problem with alcohol abuse or alcoholism exhibit obvious signs that they are impaired or struggling with chemical dependency. However, other alcoholics are able to keep their disorder secret from even their closest friends or family members. […] No one sign is a sure indicator that a person has developed alcoholism, but many alcoholics exhibit some, many, or all of the following symptoms:

• #12 Physical Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Alcoholism

  https://www.intoactionrecovery.com/blog/physical-symptoms-of-alcoholism/

  Physical symptoms of alcohol use disorder can vary depending on the individual, but in the early stages, AUD is most often characterized as frequent intoxication or a pattern of heavy drinking. A person may also experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop or decrease their consumption. These symptoms can include irritability, restlessness, trouble sleeping, depression, nausea, sweating, and tremors. […] There are different levels of alcoholism mild, moderate, and severe. A person dealing with AUD may not display all the signs listed, depending on their level of alcoholism. […] Over time, alcohol use disorder can result in long-term health consequences. One of the most well-known effects of alcohol abuse is on the liver, including cirrhosis, or the irreversible scarring of liver tissue.

• #12 Physical Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Alcoholism

  https://www.intoactionrecovery.com/blog/physical-symptoms-of-alcoholism/

  Alcoholism can cause high blood pressure, as well as an enlarged heart and atrial fibrillation. A persons risk of heart failure or stroke increases due to excessive alcohol consumption. […] Alcoholism causes a range of bone problems, from thinning bones to an increased risk of breaks. […] Drinking can weaken the immune system and increase a persons risk of developing various forms of cancer. Excessive drinking can also trigger neurological issues ranging from numbness and pain in the hands and feet to dementia and short-term memory loss.

• #13 Alcoholism Symptoms And Warning Signs

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/alcohol/alcoholism-symptoms-signs/

  As alcoholism progresses, it becomes more serious and affects more aspects of life. These can include close family relationships, legal issues, and severe health conditions like liver disease or stroke. Some advanced signs of severe alcohol addiction may include the following: Alcohol-related consequences, such as being arrested for driving under the influence or losing employment due to frequently calling out of work after drinking. […] While these warning signs may indicate that alcohol addiction is developing, it is still essential for anyone struggling with alcoholism to be seen by a qualified treatment professional. […] Depending on the answers provided, an individual may meet the requirements for an alcohol use disorder diagnosis and be recommended for certain forms of alcohol treatment based on severity. Severity levels are determined by how many criteria are met. A minimum of two are required for a diagnosis, while six or more is considered clinically severe. When an alcohol use disorder is considered severe, it is more traditionally referred to as alcohol addiction or alcoholism.

• #14 Alcohol and mental health

  https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/a-z-topics/alcohol-and-mental-health

  Alcohol and mental health are closely linked. Drinking too much can affect your well-being. Some people may drink to try to relieve the symptoms of mental ill-health. […] Alcohol problems and mental ill health are closely linked. Research shows that people who drink alcohol are more likely to develop mental health problems. Its also true that people with severe mental illness are more likely to have alcohol problems. This may be because they self-medicate, meaning they drink to deal with difficult feelings or symptoms. […] Regular heavy drinking is linked to symptoms of depression. People with depression who drink alcohol often start to feel better within the first few weeks of stopping drinking. If you try this and feel better, its likely the alcohol was causing your depression. […] If you experience anxiety, alcohol can give you a very short-lived feeling of relaxation but this quickly disappears. If you rely on alcohol to cover your anxiety, you may soon find yourself drinking more and more to relax. Over time, this can lead to alcohol dependence. […] Because alcohol can make you lose your inhibitions and act more impulsively, it may lead to actions such as self-harm or suicide. Heavy drinking is also linked to suicidal thoughts and attempts.

• #15 Alcohol Withdrawal: Causes, Symptoms, Timeline and Treatment Options

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/alcohol-withdrawal-symptoms-treatments

  If you drink heavy amounts of alcohol for weeks, months, or years, you may have mental and physical symptoms when you stop or cut back. This is called alcohol withdrawal. About half of all people with alcohol use disorder go through it. […] Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can range from mild to serious and can sometimes be life-threatening. If you drink only once in a while, you’re unlikely to have withdrawal symptoms. But if you’ve gone through alcohol withdrawal once, you’re more likely to go through it again. […] As soon as six hours after you stop drinking, you may start having alcohol withdrawal symptoms. […] When you stop or cut back on your usual amount of alcohol, you could have: Headaches, Mood changes, Feelings of being easily irritated or „on edge”, Anxiety, Confusion, Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, Rapid heart rate, Higher blood pressure than usual, Shaking, Increased sweating, Upset stomach, Hallucinations (seeing things that aren’t there), Seizures.

• #15 Alcohol Withdrawal: Causes, Symptoms, Timeline and Treatment Options

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/alcohol-withdrawal-symptoms-treatments

  Delirium tremens (DTs) can also happen when you stop drinking large amounts of alcohol. Changes in your brain activity can result in a range of serious symptoms, such as: Trouble thinking clearly, Trouble focusing, Not knowing where you are or what date it is, Trouble speaking and understanding others, Feeling quick to anger or violence, Acting in a way that’s unusual for you (for instance, not filtering what you say to others), Unusually slow movements, Decreased facial expressions, Apathy (lack of interest in things you usually care about). […] Symptoms are often at their worst between 24 and 72 hours after you stop drinking. But some may linger for weeks or even months. […] About 12-48 hours after you stop drinking. More serious symptoms can start during this timeframe. They may include hallucinations (seeing things that aren’t there). These often start about 12-24 hours after you stop drinking. Seizures may happen within the first 48 hours after you stop.

• #16 The Cycle of Alcohol Addiction | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

  https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/cycle-alcohol-addiction

  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. […] As individuals continue to drink alcohol over time, progressive changes may occur in the structure and function of their brains. These changes can compromise brain function and drive the transition from controlled, occasional use to chronic misuse, which can be difficult to control. […] When a person who is addicted to alcohol stops drinking, they experience withdrawal symptomsor symptoms that are opposite to the positive effects of alcohol that are experienced when drinking it. These symptoms can be physical (sleep disturbances, pain, feelings of illness) and emotional (dysphoria, irritability, anxiety, and emotional pain). […] At this stage, the person no longer drinks alcohol for the pleasurable effects (high), but rather to escape the low feelings to which chronic alcohol misuse has contributed.

• #17 Alcohol Addiction Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery

  https://www.addictions.com/alcohol/

  Not everyone who drinks alcohol will become addicted or develop alcohol addiction. Additionally, certain factors may influence whether alcohol misuse develops into an addiction or not. […] Chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol metabolism are strongly linked to several pathological consequences and tissue damage. Alcohol Liver Disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver illness in both North America and Europe. Cirrhosis of the liver can occur when people consume too much alcohol, and the liver can no longer process it effectively. If the liver is weak or damaged, it cant do its job properly, and health problems may arise. […] Other long-term effects can include: Cardiomyopathy (stretching of heart muscle), Irregular heartbeat, High blood pressure, Stroke, Pancreatitis, Weakened immune system, Larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity cancer, Esophageal cancer, Liver cancer, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Alcohol poisoning.

• #18

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-misuse/treatment/

  The treatment options for alcohol misuse depend on the extent of your drinking and whether you’re trying to drink less (moderation) or give up drinking completely (abstinence). […] If you’re dependent on alcohol to function, it’s recommended you seek medical advice to manage your withdrawal. […] Your withdrawal symptoms will be at their worst for the first 48 hours. They should gradually start to improve as your body begins to adjust to being without alcohol. This usually takes 3 to 7 days from the time of your last drink. […] Withdrawal from alcohol is an important first step to overcoming your alcohol-related problems. However, withdrawal isn’t an effective treatment by itself. You’ll need further treatment and support to help you in the long term. […] Many people who have alcohol dependency problems find it useful to attend self-help groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or SMART Recovery. […] Alcohol dependence doesn’t just impact on an individual it can also affect a whole family.

• #19 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html

  For most adults, moderate alcohol use is probably not harmful. However, about 18 million adult Americans have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This means that their drinking causes distress and harm. AUD can range from mild to severe, depending on the symptoms. Severe AUD is sometimes called alcoholism or alcohol dependence. […] AUD is a disease that causes: […] Craving – a strong need to drink […] Loss of control – not being able to stop drinking once you’ve started […] Negative emotional state – feeling anxious and irritable when you are not drinking. […] If you have any of these symptoms, your drinking may already be a cause for concern. The more symptoms you have, the more serious the problem is. […] Had withdrawal symptoms when the alcohol was wearing off? They include trouble sleeping, shakiness, irritability, anxiety, depression, restlessness, nausea, and sweating. In severe cases, you could have a fever, seizures, or hallucinations.

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