Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21968-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is increased pressure in your skull. It occurs because of cerebrospinal fluid buildup around your brain. The cause is unknown. It can affect your vision and cause headaches, nausea or ringing in your ears. Treatments are available. […] Symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension happen when there’s increased pressure around your brain. […] Symptoms of IIH include: Double vision, Fatigue, Headaches (sudden and severe), Loss of peripheral (side) vision, Nausea and vomiting, Shoulder and neck pain, Temporary blindness or blind spots in vision, Tinnitus (ringing in your ears). […] IIH may lead to vision loss if untreated. This is irreversible. A healthcare provider can offer treatment options to prevent this complication, so let them know as soon as possible if you notice changes to your vision.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/headaches/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension usually begins with a daily or almost daily headache, which affects both sides of the head. At first, the headache may be mild, but it varies in intensity and may become severe. The headache may be accompanied by nausea, double or blurred vision, and noises within the head that occur with each beat of the pulse (called pulsatile tinnitus). A few people do not have any symptoms. […] Increased pressure within the skull may cause the optic nerve to swell near the eyeball, a condition called papilledema. Doctors can observe the swelling by looking at the back of the eye through an ophthalmoscope. […] The first sign of vision problems is loss of peripheral (side) vision. People may not notice this loss at first. As a result, people may bump into objects for no apparent reason. Vision may be blurred briefly, sometimes triggered by changing position, and blurring may come and go. Late in the disorder, vision is blurred, and people may quickly become blind. As many as one-third of people lose their vision, partially or completely, in one or both eyes. Once vision is lost, it usually does not return, even if the pressure around the brain is relieved. Doctors must closely monitor people with this condition to prevent loss of vision.

• #1 European Headache Federation guideline on idiopathic intracranial hypertension | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0919-2

  All IIH patients with active papilloedema need close ophthalmological monitoring to evaluate the visual function and assess the risk of visual loss as in some the visual disturbances are progressive and may lead to prolonged ischemia of the optic nerve head resulting in complete and irreversible sight loss secondary to optic atrophy. […] Data from a recent randomized-controlled clinical trial with acetazolamide for the treatment of IIH, the IIH Treatment Trial (IIHTT), revealed that higher-grade papilloedema and a significant loss in visual acuity at presentation are associated with a higher risk of progression to visual field loss despite adequate treatment. […] Cognitive function has been reported to be affected in IIH. […] While a number of small uncontrolled studies, which occasionally focused only on single neuropsychological domains, suggested a relationship between IIH and cognitive decline, Yri et al. demonstrated in an extensive prospective case-control study that IIH is associated with a global cognitive dysfunction with the most extensive deficit in reaction time and processing speed.

• #1

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension or IIH, previously called „pseudotumor cerebri” is when pressure inside your head rises, causing vision problems, headaches and other symptoms. This happens when fluid from the brain (called cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) does not flow around the brain and spinal cord normally. […] When pressure around the brain is too high it can put pressure on the optic nerve causing it to swell. This may eventually damage the optic nerve, often causing vision loss. High pressure can also damage the nerves that move the eyes, causing double vision. […] What Are the Symptoms of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? […] Headaches, often at the back of your neck. These headaches may be so severe that they wake you up at night. Your headaches may be worse when you stoop or bend down.

• #1 Intracranial hypertension

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/intracranial-hypertension/

  Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a build-up of pressure around the brain. […] Symptoms of intracranial hypertension (IH) can include: a constant throbbing headache which may be worse in the morning, or when coughing or straining; it may improve when standing up, temporary loss of vision your vision may become dark or „greyed out” for a few seconds at a time; this can be triggered by coughing, sneezing or bending down, feeling and being sick, feeling sleepy, feeling irritable, finding it difficult or painful to look at bright lights (photophobia), hearing a pulsing rhythmic noise in your ears (pulsatile tinnitus), problems with co-ordination and balance, mental confusion, loss of feeling or weakness. […] A GP may suspect you have intracranial hypertension (IH) if you have symptoms of increased pressure on your brain, such as vision problems and headaches. […] Idiopathic IH may be diagnosed if you have increased pressure on your brain and no other cause can be found. […] Treatment can help with problems with your vision and can reduce the risk of loss of vision.

• #1 Otoneurological symptoms in Idiopathic Intracranial Hy…

  https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0016.3322/en

  Patients with IIH may first come to an ENT specialist because of tinnitus, dizziness or hearing loss. […] The most common symptom of IIH is headache, which is pulsating in more than 80% of patients and localized (e.g., occipital or retro-orbital pain) in 70% of patients. […] However, symptoms of IIH can also include dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, hearing loss or even CSF otorrhea and rhinorrhea. They may appear as the first sign of pathology and, therefore, in patients with such symptoms IIH should be considered in the differential diagnosis. […] One of the first symptoms of IIH, reported by 70% of patients, is unilateral tinnitus. […] Patients with IIH may also visit otolaryngologists due to hearing loss. […] The cause of hearing loss in IIH is thought to be the transmission of elevated ICP to the perilymph through the cochlear aqueduct.

• #1 Other Symptoms | Other Symptoms | Symptoms | What is IH? | Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation

  https://ihrfoundation.org/what-is-ih/other-symptoms

  Chronic IH can affect multiple areas of the body. One of the mysteries of this disorder is that not every person will experience the same set of symptoms. This is a primary reason why chronic IH is often misdiagnosed. However, while each individual may not exhibit every symptom, there are common symptoms listed below in addition to headache, papilledema and pulse synchronous tinnitus that many do experience. […] Pain in the arms, legs and back (arthralgia): Sharp, deep nerve pain in the arms, shoulders/upper back, hips/ lower back, and legs can occur with elevated intracranial pressure. […] Severe neck stiffness: An extremely painful stiff and sore neck that is hard to move, is a recurrent complaint. […] Dizziness, lightheadedness and balance problems: These symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the person.

• #1 Intracranial Hypertension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507811/

  The 2 most frequent IIH symptoms are chronic headache and progressive visual deterioration secondary to papilledema. About 20% to 40% of patients have double vision, most frequently with horizontal diplopia associated with abducens nerve compression and palsy. […] Initial symptoms of acute ICP elevation include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, and sometimes irritability. […] Brain herniation can occur, producing decreased consciousness or responsiveness. […] Patients with intracranial hypertension may present unconscious, apneic, and pulseless, which are signs of cardiorespiratory arrest. […] Short-lived acute intracranial hypertension has a good prognosis when treated promptly. However, treatment delays and the presence of a malignant etiology are associated with a poor prognosis. Many patients who survive develop permanent neurological deficits.

• #1 European Headache Federation guideline on idiopathic intracranial hypertension | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0919-2

  Interestingly, the results of this study reveal that despite an improvement of ICP and headache after 3 months of adequate treatment, the cognitive dysfunction appears to persist raising the question if IIH-related cognitive decline is the result of more complex mechanisms rather than the direct effect of mechanical compression.

• #1 Other Symptoms | Other Symptoms | Symptoms | What is IH? | Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation

  https://ihrfoundation.org/what-is-ih/other-symptoms

  Nausea/vomiting: This symptom is associated with the chronic, severe IH headache. […] Rhinorrhea: Spinal fluid leakage from the nose (rhinorrhea) is a result of high intracranial pressure erosion of the bone separating the skull from the nasal cavity. […] Depression: Depression and anxiety are associated with chronic disorders. However, recent research has found higher rates of depression in women who experience chronic headache. […] Memory difficulties: Short-term memory problems and dysgraphia (trouble spelling and recognizing words) are often mentioned by people with chronic IH. […] Exercise intolerance: For some, physical activity may exacerbate head pain and other IH symptoms.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21968-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Timely treatment at the first sign of vision changes or symptoms can help reduce your risk of complications like permanent vision loss. Treatment is often successful at relieving symptoms. […] IIH doesn’t directly affect your life expectancy. Most people have a normal life expectancy. […] There isn’t a cure for IIH, so you may have to manage this condition for the rest of your life.

• #1 Intracranial Hypertension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507811/

  Intracranial hypertension is a state of pressure elevation within the skull that may cause various neurological disorders. The condition may arise from congenital and acquired etiologies and manifest with a diverse range of symptoms, from mild headaches and nausea to sensory disturbances, seizures, cardiovascular instability, and unconsciousness. […] Common symptoms may include severe headaches, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and, in severe cases, seizures or coma. […] The most commonly reported manifestations include headaches, visual changes, nausea, and vomiting. Additional symptoms such as cranial nerve palsies and mental status changes further underscore the condition’s neurological impact. […] Chronic ICP elevation often presents as nonspecific headaches likely mediated by the trigeminal nerve’s dura and blood vessel pain fibers. Pain is generally diffuse and worse in the mornings or after a Valsalva maneuver. Nausea and vomiting are also commonly reported.

• #1 Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Fulminant_Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension

  Increased intracranial pressure of unknown cause is called Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). Fulminant IIH (FIH) is a subtype of IIH that occurs in 2-3% of patients with IIH and results in severe, rapidly progressive vision loss within one month of IIH symptom onset. These patients are at a high risk for permanent vision loss and require prompt medical diagnosis and treatment. […] FIH presents with acute onset of rapid worsening of vision over days after development of symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Similar to typical IIH, patients with FIH present with classical features of increased intracranial pressure including headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and transient visual obscurations. […] Rapid diagnosis and management of FIH is necessary to prevent permanent vision loss. Studies have shown that surgical interventions may need to be performed within days of diagnosis as the chance of meaningful visual recovery decreases quickly over time.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) – My Neurologist

  https://my-neurologist.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-iih/

  In this range, patients usually complain of headaches. […] […] In this range, patients complain of continuous headache, blurred vision, and other symptoms described above. […] […] In this range, patients usually have severe symptoms, including episodes of complete loss of vision, and quickly progressive visual loss.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri-prognosis-and-treatment

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) was formerly called pseudotumor cerebri. It is a disorder defined by clinical criteria that include symptoms and signs isolated to those produced by increased intracranial pressure (ICP; eg, headache, papilledema, double vision, transient visual obscurations, and vision loss), elevated ICP with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and no other cause of intracranial hypertension evident on neuroimaging or other evaluations. […] Many patients suffer from intractable, disabling headaches, and there is a risk of severe, permanent vision loss in approximately 5 to 15 percent of patients. […] A subset of individuals with IIH have a more malignant or fulminant course with rapid development of vision loss within a few weeks of symptom onset. This is generally apparent at presentation. Such patients present with a rapid progression of symptoms, severe papilledema (grade 3 or worse), substantial visual field and/or visual acuity loss, and/or more than 30 transient visual obscurations per month.

• #1 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri-prognosis-and-treatment

  Permanent disabling vision loss is the major morbidity associated with IIH but is uncommon. While an early, hospital-based study found that 24 percent of 57 patients developed blindness or severe visual impairment, subsequent studies that have been outpatient based have found a lower rate of severe visual loss of 6 to 14 percent. […] A recurrence of symptoms may occur in 8 to 38 percent of patients after recovery from an episode of IIH or after a prolonged period of stability. Weight gain is a common but not universal antecedent to recurrent IIH.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Intracranial-Hypertension.aspx

  Intracranial hypertension can occur due to several conditions caused by potential mechanisms, including venous blockage, cerebral edema, and increased brain and blood volume. […] IH can be caused by both primary and secondary brain injury (SBI) and has variable clinical symptoms. Headache, nausea, and vomiting, as well as diplopia, papilledema, and pupillary dilatation, are common symptoms. […] Severe hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing are also possible. A potentially fatal consequence of IH is brain herniation. […] Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is defined by signs and symptoms of elevated ICP with no known cause. […] Headaches (sometimes mimicking migraine or tension-type headaches), vision impairment (leading to sight loss), pulsatile tinnitus, and back pain are common symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. […] The clinical presentation is widely diverse and can lead to delays in diagnosis. […] Progress in monitoring and understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of IH enables the introduction of targeted therapies to enhance these patients’ outcomes.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-clinical

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) predominantly affects overweight females of childbearing age. In the landmark study of this disorder, the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT), women accounted for 97% of cases. These patients typically present with symptoms related to increased ICP and papilledema. These can include headache (84%), transient visual obscurations (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus (52%), subjective decrease in vision (32%), and horizontal diplopia (18%). Other symptoms may include dizziness (51%), photophobia (48%), neck pain (42%) and radicular pain (19%). […] The presenting headaches typically are nonspecific and vary in type, location, and frequency. Pain generally is described as being diffuse, worse in the morning, and exacerbated by the Valsalva maneuver.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/headache/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is suspected clinically and established by brain imaging (preferably MRI with magnetic resonance venography) that has normal results (except for narrowing of the venous transverse sinus). If not contraindicated, lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing is then done. Elevated opening pressure and normal CSF composition suggests idiopathic intracranial hypertension. […] Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is aimed at the following: Reducing pressure, Preserving vision, Relieving symptoms. […] Frequent ophthalmologic assessment (including quantitative visual fields) is required to monitor response to treatment; testing visual acuity is not sensitive enough to warn of impending vision loss. […] If vision deteriorates despite treatment, one of the following may be indicated: Optic nerve sheath fenestration, Shunting (lumboperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal), Endovascular venous stenting.

• #1 Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/increased-intracranial-pressure-icp

  Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a life-threatening condition that happens when theres an imbalance between your brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and brain blood volume. Signs often include headache, vomiting and vision changes. The sooner you get treatment for ICP, the better. […] Signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure in children and adults include: Headaches. Theyre typically worse in the morning or when youre lying down. Nausea and vomiting. Altered mental status, which can range from drowsiness to coma. Vision changes, like blurred vision, double vision and/or sensitivity to light (photophobia). Eye movement problems. Muscle weakness. Numbness. Seizures. […] Increased intracranial pressure is a medical emergency. Go to the nearest hospital if you or your child have these symptoms.

• #1 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://burjeel.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-symptoms-causes-treatment/

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or IIH, is a condition that causes increased pressure inside the skull. This pressure can cause severe headaches and vision problems. […] The symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can vary from person to person. In addition to headaches, the most common symptoms include: Pain in the back of the head or neck, Blurred vision or loss of vision, Dizziness or vertigo, Double vision, Trouble focusing on the eyes, Nausea or vomiting, A stiff neck. […] The most common complication of IIH is papilledema swelling of the optic disk caused by increased pressure inside the skull. Papilledema can cause vision loss if left untreated, but it usually resolves once IIH is treated. […] Individuals who have signs of IIH must see a doctor immediately. Untreated IIH can cause permanent vision damage, so it’s essential to find out what’s causing the symptoms and get treatment as soon as possible.

• #2 Intracranial Hypertension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507811/

  Intracranial hypertension is a state of pressure elevation within the skull that may cause various neurological disorders. The condition may arise from congenital and acquired etiologies and manifest with a diverse range of symptoms, from mild headaches and nausea to sensory disturbances, seizures, cardiovascular instability, and unconsciousness. […] Common symptoms may include severe headaches, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and, in severe cases, seizures or coma. […] The most commonly reported manifestations include headaches, visual changes, nausea, and vomiting. Additional symptoms such as cranial nerve palsies and mental status changes further underscore the condition’s neurological impact. […] Chronic ICP elevation often presents as nonspecific headaches likely mediated by the trigeminal nerve’s dura and blood vessel pain fibers. Pain is generally diffuse and worse in the mornings or after a Valsalva maneuver. Nausea and vomiting are also commonly reported.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-clinical

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) predominantly affects overweight females of childbearing age. In the landmark study of this disorder, the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT), women accounted for 97% of cases. These patients typically present with symptoms related to increased ICP and papilledema. These can include headache (84%), transient visual obscurations (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus (52%), subjective decrease in vision (32%), and horizontal diplopia (18%). Other symptoms may include dizziness (51%), photophobia (48%), neck pain (42%) and radicular pain (19%). […] The presenting headaches typically are nonspecific and vary in type, location, and frequency. Pain generally is described as being diffuse, worse in the morning, and exacerbated by the Valsalva maneuver.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/31655/

  The pressure exerted on meninges likely activates the trigeminovascular system, leading to migraine-like symptoms. […] Despite improving visual outcomes by reducing ICP, many people with IIH continue to have disabling headache even after ICP returns to normal. […] Headache, the most common symptom of IIH, still requires further investigation for optimizing treatment approaches.

• #2 Living With IIH | IIH UK – (Idiopathic intracranial hypertension)

  https://www.iih.org.uk/product/6/2/living_with_iih

  Visual obscurations is a short lived loss of vision, that returned to normal within seconds. The vision may „grey-out or become dark. It can happen in one or both eyes. It can be triggered by bending down. Some people may experience double vision. Papilloedema (swelling of the optic nerves) can affect field vision which is it is important to get your eyes checked. […] Increase in the frequency and severity of headaches, increase in visual obscurations and pulsatile tinnitus can all be signs that IIH is getting worse. This can be frightening. If this is happening it is important to see your doctor. […] In some people, after diagnosis, IIH can settle itself. For the majority weight loss and combined with medical treatment, will control the symptoms well. However, some people may continue to have disabling symptoms despite treatment.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/headaches/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension usually begins with a daily or almost daily headache, which affects both sides of the head. At first, the headache may be mild, but it varies in intensity and may become severe. The headache may be accompanied by nausea, double or blurred vision, and noises within the head that occur with each beat of the pulse (called pulsatile tinnitus). A few people do not have any symptoms. […] Increased pressure within the skull may cause the optic nerve to swell near the eyeball, a condition called papilledema. Doctors can observe the swelling by looking at the back of the eye through an ophthalmoscope. […] The first sign of vision problems is loss of peripheral (side) vision. People may not notice this loss at first. As a result, people may bump into objects for no apparent reason. Vision may be blurred briefly, sometimes triggered by changing position, and blurring may come and go. Late in the disorder, vision is blurred, and people may quickly become blind. As many as one-third of people lose their vision, partially or completely, in one or both eyes. Once vision is lost, it usually does not return, even if the pressure around the brain is relieved. Doctors must closely monitor people with this condition to prevent loss of vision.

• #2 Otoneurological symptoms in Idiopathic Intracranial Hy…

  https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0016.3322/en

  Patients with IIH may also present symptoms typical of endolymphatic hydrops, such as vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. […] Spontaneous CSF leaks are one of the most serious complications of IIH. […] IIH has a number of clinical symptoms, directly related to otolaryngology. Elevated ICP induces pressure changes in perilymph and endolymph, causing otoneurological problems in patients.

• #2 Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/increased-intracranial-pressure-icp

  Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a life-threatening condition that happens when theres an imbalance between your brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and brain blood volume. Signs often include headache, vomiting and vision changes. The sooner you get treatment for ICP, the better. […] Signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure in children and adults include: Headaches. Theyre typically worse in the morning or when youre lying down. Nausea and vomiting. Altered mental status, which can range from drowsiness to coma. Vision changes, like blurred vision, double vision and/or sensitivity to light (photophobia). Eye movement problems. Muscle weakness. Numbness. Seizures. […] Increased intracranial pressure is a medical emergency. Go to the nearest hospital if you or your child have these symptoms.

• #2 Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/increased-intracranial-pressure-icp

  Cushings reflex a collection of three conditions that happen together is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure. It includes: High blood pressure (hypertension). Slow heart rate fewer than 60 beats per minute (bradycardia). Irregular breathing mainly, gasping for air (agonal breathing). […] These signs mean that brain herniation is about to happen. Go to the emergency room immediately if you have these symptoms. […] The prognosis (outlook) for someone with increased intracranial pressure varies based on: The severity. The underlying cause and how treatable it is. How quickly you receive treatment. If ICP is sudden or chronic. Sudden ICP is often life-threatening. Prompt treatment typically results in a better prognosis. If the increased pressure pushes on crucial brain structures and blood vessels, it can lead to permanent brain damage or even death. […] While chronic ICP (like from idiopathic intracranial hypertension) is typically less severe, without treatment, it can lead to blindness.

• #2 Other Symptoms | Other Symptoms | Symptoms | What is IH? | Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation

  https://ihrfoundation.org/what-is-ih/other-symptoms

  Nausea/vomiting: This symptom is associated with the chronic, severe IH headache. […] Rhinorrhea: Spinal fluid leakage from the nose (rhinorrhea) is a result of high intracranial pressure erosion of the bone separating the skull from the nasal cavity. […] Depression: Depression and anxiety are associated with chronic disorders. However, recent research has found higher rates of depression in women who experience chronic headache. […] Memory difficulties: Short-term memory problems and dysgraphia (trouble spelling and recognizing words) are often mentioned by people with chronic IH. […] Exercise intolerance: For some, physical activity may exacerbate head pain and other IH symptoms.

• #2 Intracranial Hypertension

  https://pressureresources.com/intracranial-hypertension

  Weakness, issues with movement or speech […] Nerve pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, upper or lower back, hips, legs, or feet […] Neck or shoulder stiffness […] Dizziness, lightheadedness, balance problems […] Numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or face […] Nausea or vomiting […] Clear fluid leaking from nose (often misdiagnosed as allergy or sinus issues) […] Endocrine issues (due to empty sella syndrome and the flattening of the pituitary gland) […] Malaise […] Exercise intolerance. […] It is known that the longer a leak (low ICP or volume) goes untreated, the less pronounced the orthostatic changes can become. Less clear is whether this also happens with high pressure cases, but its worth noting the signs may be clear at onset but more difficult to untangle over time.

• #2 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

  IIH may resolve after initial treatment, may go into spontaneous remission (although it can still relapse at a later stage), or may continue chronically. […] The major complications from IIH arise from untreated or treatment-resistant papilledema. In various case series, the long-term risk of one’s vision being significantly affected by IIH is reported to lie anywhere between 10 and 25%.

• #2 Intracranial Hypertension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507811/

  The 2 most frequent IIH symptoms are chronic headache and progressive visual deterioration secondary to papilledema. About 20% to 40% of patients have double vision, most frequently with horizontal diplopia associated with abducens nerve compression and palsy. […] Initial symptoms of acute ICP elevation include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, and sometimes irritability. […] Brain herniation can occur, producing decreased consciousness or responsiveness. […] Patients with intracranial hypertension may present unconscious, apneic, and pulseless, which are signs of cardiorespiratory arrest. […] Short-lived acute intracranial hypertension has a good prognosis when treated promptly. However, treatment delays and the presence of a malignant etiology are associated with a poor prognosis. Many patients who survive develop permanent neurological deficits.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) – My Neurologist

  https://my-neurologist.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-iih/

  In this range, patients usually complain of headaches. […] […] In this range, patients complain of continuous headache, blurred vision, and other symptoms described above. […] […] In this range, patients usually have severe symptoms, including episodes of complete loss of vision, and quickly progressive visual loss.

• #2 Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Fulminant_Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension

  Increased intracranial pressure of unknown cause is called Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). Fulminant IIH (FIH) is a subtype of IIH that occurs in 2-3% of patients with IIH and results in severe, rapidly progressive vision loss within one month of IIH symptom onset. These patients are at a high risk for permanent vision loss and require prompt medical diagnosis and treatment. […] FIH presents with acute onset of rapid worsening of vision over days after development of symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Similar to typical IIH, patients with FIH present with classical features of increased intracranial pressure including headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and transient visual obscurations. […] Rapid diagnosis and management of FIH is necessary to prevent permanent vision loss. Studies have shown that surgical interventions may need to be performed within days of diagnosis as the chance of meaningful visual recovery decreases quickly over time.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  If visual function deteriorates while on maximal medical therapy, surgical intervention should be strongly considered. […] The morbidity of IIH mainly is related to the effects of papilledema on visual function. If left untreated, long-standing disc edema results in an irreversible optic neuropathy with accompanying constriction of the visual field and loss of color vision. In end-stage papilledema, central visual acuity also is involved. With timely and appropriate treatment of IIH, the visual prognosis can be encouraging. […] Since IIH tends to be chronic, visual function (visual acuity, visual fields, optic nerve appearance) must be monitored for years after presentation. If necessary, medical treatment should be continued on a long-term basis.

• #2 Earliest Signs of Increased Intracranial Pressure: Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/earliest_signs_of_increased_intracranial_pressure/article.htm

  Increased ICP is an alarming signal of intracranial hypertension, which can be caused by a head injury, a tumor, a stroke, an infection, or any other condition that causes fluid accumulation in the head. […] Three clinical stages (reversible) of intracranial hypertension (ICH) are as follows: Infraclinic form: Intracranial pressure (ICP) increases over the physiological values (15 mmHg). ICH syndrome: ICP increases up to 20 mmHg along with the presence of clinical symptoms (chronic form). ICH disease: It is the acute form with ICP over 20 mmHg; the symptoms of the preceding stage increase until decompensation. […] Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) occurs as a result of the disturbance of the regulatory ICP mechanisms, caused by the changes in the volumes of the intracranial components, which are the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral blood volume. […] Some of the serious complications of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) include: Seizures, Stroke, Neurological damage, Permanent vision loss, Death.

• #2 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Key signs and symptoms characterized | 2 Minute Medicine

  https://www.2minutemedicine.com/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-key-signs-and-symptoms-characterized/

  1. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is predominantly a disease of obese young women with headache being the most common symptom. […] 2. In patients with visual loss, the most common perimetric finding was partial arcuate visual field defect with an enlarged blind spot, and patients tended to have mild loss of visual acuity. […] […] […] Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), or pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and its associated signs and symptoms with no other secondary cause of increased ICP. This study found IIH to be a disease primarily of young, obese women (98% of study participants) who mostly presented with headache as the initial symptom. Transient visual obscurations, back pain, and tinnitus (pulse synchronized and non-pulsatile) were also commonly reported. In patients with visual loss, the most common perimetric finding was partial arcuate visual field defect with an enlarged blind spot, and patients tended to have mild loss of visual acuity.

• #2 Intracranial Hypertension or Pseudotumor Cerebri: The Basics – Migraine Canada

  https://migrainecanada.org/intracranial-hypertension-or-pseudotumor-cerebri-the-basics/

  If symptoms suggest IIH, a neuro-ophthalmologist should evaluate the optic nerves and visual fields for swelling (papilledema) and vision loss. […] Losing weight, even as little as 10% of body weight, can significantly improve symptoms and protect vision. […] Regular eye exams by an ophthalmologist or optometrist are essential. If symptoms worsen, immediate vision testing is necessary to monitor the optic disk and visual fields.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/brain-nerves/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-leaflet

  In idiopathic intracranial hypertension there is raised pressure within the skull (raised intracranial pressure), which puts pressure on the brain. The main symptoms are headache and loss of sight (visual loss). […] The most prominent symptom of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is headache. This can be severe and is a long-term (chronic) headache. It can vary in its location and may come and go. […] You may also notice some temporary sight (visual) disturbance or temporary loss of vision. For example, you may have dimming or loss of your vision in one or both of your eyes, lasting for a few seconds. […] It is essential to detect idiopathic intracranial hypertension early and to start treatment early to prevent permanent loss of vision occurring.

• #2

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/intracranialhypertension/

  Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a build-up of pressure around the brain. […] Symptoms of intracranial hypertension (IH) can include: a constant throbbing headache which may be worse in the morning or when coughing or straining; it may improve when standing up, temporary loss of vision your vision may become dark or „greyed out” for a few seconds at a time; this can be triggered by coughing, sneezing or bending down, feeling and being sick, feeling sleepy, feeling irritable, finding it difficult or painful to look at bright lights (photophobia), hearing a pulsing rhythmic noise in your ears (pulsatile tinnitus), problems with co-ordination and balance, mental confusion, loss of feeling or weakness. […] Call 999 or go to AE if you have any of these symptoms and: they’ve come on quickly, such as a sudden severe headache, change in your vision, confusion or weakness, you’ve recently had a head injury, you have a high temperature, or you feel generally unwell.

• #2 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IH) Treatment | VNSC

  https://www.vnsc.org/conditions-treated/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  Intracranial hypertension (IH) occurs when the brain experiences increased pressure due to traumatic injury or illness. This increased pressure is due to excess cerebrospinal fluid that impacts the optic nerve, creating vision changes, including vision loss, headaches, and many other symptoms. However, vision loss due to intracranial hypertension can be permanent, so its critical to seek treatment as these symptoms develop. […] Idiopathic intracranial hypertension occurs due to increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), increasing the pressure in the skull. This buildup of CSF can create significant pressure on your optic nerve—the nerve that connects the brain to the eyes and helps you see. IIH can cause many symptoms, including headaches, vision changes, or even temporary blindness. […] The biggest concern is the impact of IIH on the optic nerve. The increased pressure in the brain can cause swelling that can affect vision and significantly increase the risk of permanent vision loss. Starting treatment as soon as possible after symptoms appear may improve vision problems and reduce the risk of vision loss, so its important to inform your provider immediately of any changes in your vision.

• #3 Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri): Diagnosis & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri

  Common symptoms of intracranial hypertension are headache and vision problems. […] Symptoms can include any of the following: […] Headaches each day with pulsing or throbbing above the eyes, or at the back of the head and neck. These headaches are often worse when lying down or in the morning. […] Double vision (due to pressure on the nerves controlling eye movement) […] Dizziness, nausea and vomiting. […] If treated, the outcome is good. If not treated, permanent blindness can occur. Unfortunately, up to one in 10 people with intracranial hypertension have some vision loss. Treatment typically lasts six to 12 months. With treatment, in most cases, this condition goes away. However, increased pressure can return months or even years later.

• #3 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

  The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain. […] Complications may include vision loss. […] The most common symptom of IIH is severe headache, which occurs in almost all (92-94%) cases. It is characteristically worse in the morning, generalized in character and throbbing in nature. It may be associated with nausea and vomiting. […] The increased pressure leads to papilledema, which is swelling of the optic disc, the spot where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. This occurs in practically all cases of IIH, but not everyone experiences symptoms from this. […] Long-term untreated papilledema leads to visual loss, initially in the periphery but progressively towards the center of vision. […] The primary goal in treatment of IIH is the prevention of visual loss and blindness, as well as symptom control.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension(IIH) AKA High Pressure in the Brain: Paddy Kalish, OD: Optometrist

  https://www.paddykalish.com/blog/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertensioniih-aka-high-pressure-in-the-brain

  IIH is not benign: IIH is not a benign disorder, and many patients experience debilitating headaches. […] IIH can occur without headaches: Headaches are a common symptom of IIH, but not all patients experience them. […] Symptoms include: Headaches behind the eyes, Tinnitus, Brief episodes of blindness, Poor peripheral vision, Blind spots, Flashing or sparkling lights, Double vision. […] IIH headaches can feel like a migraine or a tension headache, and they can worsen in the early morning. […] Untreated IIH can result in permanent problems such as vision loss. […] It’s also possible for symptoms to occur again even after treatment. […] Weight loss appears to alleviate symptoms and signs in many but not all patients. […] Studies typically report that weight loss is associated with reductions in intracranial pressure (ICP) and/or papilledema.

• #3

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension or IIH, previously called „pseudotumor cerebri” is when pressure inside your head rises, causing vision problems, headaches and other symptoms. This happens when fluid from the brain (called cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) does not flow around the brain and spinal cord normally. […] When pressure around the brain is too high it can put pressure on the optic nerve causing it to swell. This may eventually damage the optic nerve, often causing vision loss. High pressure can also damage the nerves that move the eyes, causing double vision. […] What Are the Symptoms of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? […] Headaches, often at the back of your neck. These headaches may be so severe that they wake you up at night. Your headaches may be worse when you stoop or bend down.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/31655/

  Common symptoms include headache, reduced visual acuity and constriction of visual fields, pulsatile tinnitus, and a physical exam remarkable for papilledema and cranial nerve 6 palsies. […] Presenting symptoms vary but often include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, vision loss, and diplopia. The potential for vision loss requires timely identification and treatment of IIH. […] If left untreated, patients will continue to have constriction of visual fields and may progress to blindness due to optic disc edema and subsequent ischemia. […] Individuals with IIH often present for the evaluation of headache but may also present because of vision complaints. […] Individuals with IIH should have normal neurologic exams with the exception of 2 common cranial nerve abnormalities (cranial nerve 6 palsy and dysfunction of cranial nerve 2papilledema and visual field defects).

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor cerebri – EyeRounds.org – Ophthalmology – The University of Iowa

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/99-Pseudotumor-Cerebri.htm

  Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) presents with symptoms and signs of elevated intracranial pressure. Headache is the most common symptom. The headache may be aggravated by changes in position. There may be a ringing or a „whooshing” sound in the ear synchronous with the patients pulse. A patient may experience double vision. Momentary loss of vision known as „transient obscurations of vision” are common; they may occur in one or both eyes and usually last seconds but rarely longer than one minute. Other visual symptoms are dimming of vision, or loss of peripheral vision in one or both eyes. The visual loss may be mild to severe. If severe and untreated, the disease can result in permanent vision loss. […] A prospective study conducted by Wall and George demonstrated the following incidence of symptoms: headache (94%), transient visual obscurations or blurring (68%), pulse synchronous tinnitus or „whooshing noise” in the ear (58%), pain behind the eye (44%), double vision (38%), visual loss (30%).

• #3 Earliest Signs of Increased Intracranial Pressure: Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/earliest_signs_of_increased_intracranial_pressure/article.htm

  A combination of diffuse, sudden, and excruciating headaches (may be associated with an altered mental state), projectile vomiting, and swelling of the optic nerve (papilledema) is considered one of the earliest signs and a clear indication of increased intracranial pressure. […] Other symptoms that may follow include: Transient episodes of visual loss (which last a few seconds), Pulsatile tinnitus (a unilateral whooshing sound exacerbated with positional changes), Visual disturbance or blurred vision, Pupillary changes (irregular or dilatation seen in one eye), Horizontal diplopia, Feeling less alert than usual (lethargy, weakness), Behavioral changes (irritability, slow decision-making, and abnormal social behavior), Problems with moving or talking, Lack of energy or sleepiness. […] Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is an increase in pressure inside the skull, which compresses the brain (pressure in the cranial vault is usually less than 20 mmHg).

• #3 Intracranial Hypertension

  https://pressureresources.com/intracranial-hypertension

  IH headache may share migraine characteristics, such as light and scent sensitivity, and worsening with exertion, cough, or straining. […] Vision IH can cause rapid or progressive vision changes. Vision symptoms may include gray spots, dots, floaters, or dim-outs in one or both eyes, blurred vision, or double vision. Papilledema caused by CSF pressure on the optic nerve and blood supply can lead to vision loss. Not everyone with IH has all vision symptom and lack of papilledema does not rule out IH. […] Pulse-synchronous tinnitus (whooshing, whistling, humming or marching noises in one or both ears that correlates with your heartbeat). […] Other Symptoms […] Fatigue or sleepiness […] Lack of alertness, brain fog, memory or other cognitive issues […] Mood issues including depression, anxiety, irritability, and more, or behavioral changes

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IH) Treatment | VNSC

  https://www.vnsc.org/conditions-treated/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  While many symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension worsen slowly, some patients experience a severe and sudden onset. The most common sign of IIH is a sudden, severe headache, and many patients also experience significant vision changes. […] Other symptoms of IIH can include: Constant, throbbing headaches, Temporary vision loss, including vision becoming dark, peripheral (side) vision loss, or temporary blindness, Difficulty or pain when looking at bright lights (photophobia), Fatigue, Irritability, Weakness or loss of feeling, Tinnitus, or a ringing in the ears, Coordination or balance issues, Mental confusion, Nausea or vomiting, Shoulder and neck pain. […] Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a long-term condition that can last several months to years. Gradual improvement or even stabilization can often be achieved following months of treatment. After treatment, many patients experience relief from IIH symptoms as well as a reduced risk of vision loss. […] Even following treatment, IIH recurrences can occur, so its critical to monitor your vision for any changes through regular checkups with your ophthalmologist and IIH specialist.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension/

  Other signs of high pressure in the brain include: Whooshing, heartbeat-like sounds in the ears (pulsatile tinnitus), pain behind the eyes, hearing abnormal noises, neck pain, back pain. […] Symptoms can last for months or years in some patients and be life-long in others. With treatment, there is typically a gradual improvement in vision with minimal, if any, vision loss. Cases where vision loss is significant or permanent are uncommon in IIH. […] IIH can appear again months or years after treatment. It is important for patients to have yearly follow-up eye exams.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Migraine-Like Headache With Potential Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-is-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  This condition can progress over time, in which case it is considered chronic IIH. Chronic idiopathic intracranial hypertension stages may include headaches that get progressively worse over time. Your headaches might be accompanied by other symptoms such as temporary blindness, nausea, and dizziness. Finally, your vision will begin to deteriorate if you dont seek treatment in time. […] Like migraine headaches, idiopathic intracranial hypertension can have a significant impact on your health and happiness. The difference is that IIH can be even more serious and can cause long-term health issues like vision loss.

• #3 Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Fulminant_Idiopathic_Intracranial_Hypertension

  FIH is a subtype of IIH that presents with acute, rapidly progressing loss of vision in the setting of increased intracranial pressure. Prompt treatment is required to prevent permanent vision loss and includes temporizing medical measures until surgical intervention can be performed. Surgical intervention should not be delayed as the chance of visual recovery decreases quickly over time.

• #3 Intracranial Hypertension: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/intracranial-hypertension

  Acute IH may respond to treatment of the underlying condition, such as a brain tumor or hydrocephalus. Without treatment, though, the pressure may build and can lead to death. […] Idiopathic IH does not typically lead to death, but it may be a lifelong condition. […] While you may get better for some time after treatment, symptoms may return and require additional treatment or a different treatment approach. Vision loss is of particular concern. An estimated 1 out of every 5 to 20 people with idiopathic IH may experience permanent vision loss.

• #3 Intracranial hypertension – MEpedia

  https://me-pedia.org/wiki/Intracranial_hypertension

  Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a condition of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure inside the skull. It results from increases in the volume of the brain, blood or spinal fluid within the fixed volume of the cranium (skull). […] The most common sign is papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve sheath). […] Headache (worse when lying down), dizziness, nausea / vomiting, altered vision, pulse synchronous tinnitus, stiff neck, back and arm pain, pain behind the eyes, photophobia, exercise intolerance, memory difficulties, back pain, radiculopathy (radiating pain) are symptoms of intracranial hypertension. […] When the cause of increased pressure is unknown it is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It was previously known as pseudotumor cerebri, as the symptoms can mimic that of a brain tumor, even though no tumor is present.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by chronically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and the most important neurologic manifestation is papilledema. The presentation of acute/subacute symptoms of increased ICP and papilledema should be considered a clinical emergency until a neuroimaging study confirms the absence of an intracranial mass. If left untreated, chronic papilledema may lead to secondary progressive optic atrophy, visual field loss, and ultimately blindness. […] Patients with IIH usually present with symptoms related to increased ICP which may include the following: Headaches – 84% (nonspecific and varying in type, location, and frequency), Transient visual obscurations – 68% (a „graying out of vision” lasting seconds at a time, usually related to orthostatic movements), Pulse synchronous tinnitus – 52%, Subjective visual loss – 32%, Horizontal diplopia – 18% (due to a nonlocalizing sixth nerve palsy). The most significant physical finding in IIH is papilledema (ie, bilateral disc edema due to increased ICP).

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-overview

  If visual function deteriorates while on maximal medical therapy, surgical intervention should be strongly considered. […] The morbidity of IIH mainly is related to the effects of papilledema on visual function. If left untreated, long-standing disc edema results in an irreversible optic neuropathy with accompanying constriction of the visual field and loss of color vision. In end-stage papilledema, central visual acuity also is involved. With timely and appropriate treatment of IIH, the visual prognosis can be encouraging. […] Since IIH tends to be chronic, visual function (visual acuity, visual fields, optic nerve appearance) must be monitored for years after presentation. If necessary, medical treatment should be continued on a long-term basis.

• #3 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/brain-and-nerves/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Intracranial hypertension (IH) is when pressure builds up in the skull and around the brain, causing a number of symptoms. The condition causes pressure in the brain, which creates issues such as vision changes and headaches. […] Symptoms of chronic IH may include: headaches, double vision, blind spots, peripheral vision loss, tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, neck and shoulder pain, feeling sick, sleepy, or irritable, balance issues, dizziness, nausea. […] If you experience headaches often or have issues with your vision, be sure to seek medical advice from a doctor. If headaches are new or are worsening, or if you have dizziness and balance problems, you should also seek advice from a doctor. […] Sometimes chronic IH can lead to permanent vision loss. If you notice any changes in your vision or any other visual symptoms, talk with your eye doctor right away. Getting treatment can help reduce your chance of permanent vision loss, as well as treat other symptoms. […] In rare cases, chronic IH can be life threatening if it remains undiagnosed or untreated. It is thus important to ask your primary care doctor or eye doctor for a referral to a neurologist if they suspect you have IH.

• #4 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Migraine-Like Headache With Potential Vision Loss

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-is-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is caused by a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the skull. Intracranial buildup of CSF can cause symptoms like pressure, pain, and vision changes over time. […] At first, you might not have any symptoms. Then, you may experience headaches. As the condition worsens, you might experience vision changes due to the CSF putting pressure on your optic nerve, which is responsible for your brains vision processing. […] If affected, you may experience the following symptoms: An ache in the back of the head (this can be mild, moderate, or severe); its often worst first thing in the morning or late at night. Vision changes such as blurred vision, double vision, or temporary blindness in one or both eyes. Poor peripheral vision or blind spots. Nausea and vomiting that can be confused with migraine symptoms. Pain in your neck and shoulders. A whooshing or beating sound like your heartbeat. Ringing in your ears. Progressive vision loss.

• #4 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1214410-clinical

  Patients who present with double vision most frequently complain of horizontal displacement of the images. While horizontal diplopia has been reported to occur in 18% of patients, curiously, only a minority are found to have a VI palsy. […] Transient visual obscurations occur in 68% of patients. The disturbance can last up to 30 seconds and is described as a dimming or „graying out” of vision in one or both eyes. […] Progressive loss of peripheral vision in 1 or both of the eyes may be noted. Typically, the vision field loss begins insidiously in the nasal inferior quadrant and can progress to overall constriction with subsequent involvement of the central visual field. […] Sudden visual loss can occur due to a retinal vascular occlusive event, ischemic optic neuropathy, or an intraocular hemorrhage secondary to peripapillary subretinal neovascularization related to chronic papilledema.

• #4

  https://www.beaumont.org/conditions/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension

  Headache is present in nearly all patients with IIH and is the usual symptom for which patients seek medical attention. The headaches of the IIH patient are usually severe and daily and are often throbbing. […] Papilledema, which is optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure, is the cardinal sign of IIH and is either directly or indirectly responsible for visual loss in IIH. […] If papilledema is left untreated it can lead to visual loss, first in the periphery, then progressively toward the center of vision. Longstanding papilledema leads to optic atrophy, in which the disc looks pale due to lack of blood flow and visual loss is advanced. […] Increased pressure may also lead to compression of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves that arise from the brain stem and supply the face and neck. Most often the sixth cranial nerve, or abducens nerve, is involved and the patient may experience sixth cranial nerve palsy. The seventh cranial nerve, or facial nerve, is occasionally affected resulting in partial weakness of the muscles of facial expression on one or both sides of the face.

• #4 Otoneurological symptoms in Idiopathic Intracranial Hy…

  https://otorhinolaryngologypl.com/seo/article/01.3001.0016.3322/en

  Patients with IIH may first come to an ENT specialist because of tinnitus, dizziness or hearing loss. […] The most common symptom of IIH is headache, which is pulsating in more than 80% of patients and localized (e.g., occipital or retro-orbital pain) in 70% of patients. […] However, symptoms of IIH can also include dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, hearing loss or even CSF otorrhea and rhinorrhea. They may appear as the first sign of pathology and, therefore, in patients with such symptoms IIH should be considered in the differential diagnosis. […] One of the first symptoms of IIH, reported by 70% of patients, is unilateral tinnitus. […] Patients with IIH may also visit otolaryngologists due to hearing loss. […] The cause of hearing loss in IIH is thought to be the transmission of elevated ICP to the perilymph through the cochlear aqueduct.

• #4 Intracranial Hypertension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507811/

  The 2 most frequent IIH symptoms are chronic headache and progressive visual deterioration secondary to papilledema. About 20% to 40% of patients have double vision, most frequently with horizontal diplopia associated with abducens nerve compression and palsy. […] Initial symptoms of acute ICP elevation include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, confusion, and sometimes irritability. […] Brain herniation can occur, producing decreased consciousness or responsiveness. […] Patients with intracranial hypertension may present unconscious, apneic, and pulseless, which are signs of cardiorespiratory arrest. […] Short-lived acute intracranial hypertension has a good prognosis when treated promptly. However, treatment delays and the presence of a malignant etiology are associated with a poor prognosis. Many patients who survive develop permanent neurological deficits.

• #4 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Prognosis and treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-pseudotumor-cerebri-prognosis-and-treatment

  Permanent disabling vision loss is the major morbidity associated with IIH but is uncommon. While an early, hospital-based study found that 24 percent of 57 patients developed blindness or severe visual impairment, subsequent studies that have been outpatient based have found a lower rate of severe visual loss of 6 to 14 percent. […] A recurrence of symptoms may occur in 8 to 38 percent of patients after recovery from an episode of IIH or after a prolonged period of stability. Weight gain is a common but not universal antecedent to recurrent IIH.

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