Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atrial Flutter: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151210-overview

  Atrial flutter is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by atrial rates of 240-400 beats/min, usually with some degree of atrioventricular (AV) node conduction block. For the most part, morbidity and mortality are due to complications of rate (eg, syncope and congestive heart failure). […] Signs and symptoms in patients with atrial flutter typically reflect decreased cardiac output as a result of the rapid ventricular rate. Typical symptoms include the following: Palpitations, Fatigue or poor exercise tolerance, Mild dyspnea, Presyncope. Less common symptoms include angina, profound dyspnea, or syncope. Tachycardia may or may not be present, depending on the degree of AV block associated with the atrial flutter activity. […] Symptoms in patients with atrial flutter typically reflect decreased cardiac output as a result of the rapid ventricular rate. The most common symptom is palpitations. Other symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and chest pain.

• #2 Atrial Flutter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540985/

  Atrial flutter, a supraventricular arrhythmia, is one of the most common rhythm disturbances of the heart. Several atrial contractions to one ventricular contraction, and symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, and syncope. […] Atrial flutter is characterized by an abnormal cardiac rhythm that is fast, with an atrial rate of 300 beats/min and a ventricular rate that can be fixed or variable that can, causing palpitations, fatigue, syncope, and embolic phenomenon. […] Patients with atrial flutter can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms such as palpitations, lightheadedness, fatigue, and shortness of breath, especially in the presence of rapid ventricular conduction. Decreased exercise tolerance is another symptom that can be present during patient evaluation. During the rapid ventricular rate, hypotension, syncope, and near syncope can occur in susceptible patients with high ventricular rates. Some patients remain asymptomatic until they develop acutely decompensated heart failure, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, and embolic stroke. […] The persistence of atrial flutter can generate tachycardia and induce cardiomyopathy that is hard to control, causing multiple hospitalizations due to decompensation.

• #3 Atrial flutter // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/6D45C9A8-9284-1AD2-978DD884C4F58F2A

  Atrial flutter may not cause symptoms. But some people may have a pounding, rapid heartbeat and chest pain. Fainting or almost fainting also may happen. […] People with atrial flutter may not have symptoms. The irregular heartbeat may be found during a health checkup for another reason. […] If atrial flutter symptoms happen, they may include: A pounding or racing feeling in the chest. Chest pain. Fainting or almost fainting. Shortness of breath. Feeling very tired.

• #4 Atrial Flutter: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22885-atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a type of abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) thats too fast. This condition can lead to other problems, like a stroke or heart attack. […] Atrial flutter is a heart rhythm with a very fast heartbeat. This happens because of abnormal electrical signals. […] Some people dont have atrial flutter symptoms. For others, symptoms include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea), Dizziness, Lack of energy, Heart palpitations, Fast pulse, Chest pain, Passing out, Lightheadedness. […] When you have atrial flutter, your heart isnt working as efficiently as it should. […] Because theres no cure for atrial flutter and it carries a high risk of stroke, youll need follow-up appointments all your life. Its important to keep your appointments because its common for atrial flutter to keep coming back. People with atrial flutter may have multiple hospital visits because of this.

• #5 Atrial Flutter > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/atrial-flutter

  Symptoms include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue […] Atrial flutter is a type of heart rhythm abnormality that usually results in the heart beating too quickly. It may cause people to experience heart palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, and/or chest pain. Sometimes, however, there are no symptoms, so people dont know they have the condition. […] People who have symptoms of atrial flutter may experience: A heartbeat that is faster than normal, chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, feeling unexpectedly tired from physical exertion, lightheadedness, dizziness, low blood pressure, fainting. Some people with atrial flutter have no symptoms and arent aware they have the condition. […] Untreated atrial flutter increases the risk of stroke or cardiomyopathy.

• #6 Atrial Flutter: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Tests, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a type of irregular heartbeat, or an arrhythmia. It causes your heart to beat too fast. Atrial flutter doesn’t always have symptoms, but it can sometimes have serious consequences if left untreated. […] Some people with atrial flutter have no symptoms. Others describe: Palpitations (rapid heartbeat or a pounding or fluttering sensation in the chest), Shortness of breath, Anxiety, Trouble exercising or with other physical activity, Confusion, Tiredness or lack of energy. […] People with heart or lung disease who have atrial flutter may have these and other, more significant symptoms: Angina pectoris (chest or heart pains), Feeling faint or lightheaded, Fainting.

• #7 Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/atrial-fibrillation-and-atrial-flutter

  Symptoms depend on how fast the ventricles contract and may include awareness of heartbeats (palpitations), weakness, dizziness or light-headedness, shortness of breath, and chest pain. […] Symptoms of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter depend largely on how fast the ventricles beat. When the ventricular rate is normal or only slightly increased (less than about 120 beats per minute), people usually have no symptoms. Higher rates cause unpleasant awareness of heart beats (palpitations), shortness of breath, or chest pain. […] In people with atrial fibrillation, the pulse is usually rapid and is always irregular. […] In people with atrial flutter, the pulse is usually rapid and can be regular or irregular. […] The reduced pumping ability of the heart may cause weakness, faintness, and shortness of breath. When the ventricular rate is very fast, some people, especially older adults and those with heart disorders, develop heart failure or chest pain. Very rarely, such people may develop shock (very low blood pressure).

• #8 Treating Atrial Flutter Symptoms | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/cardiovascular/conditions/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a type of arrhythmia (heart rhythm disorder) caused by a short circuit in the electrical system. The hearts upper chambers beat too quickly, prompting the upper heart to beat as many as 300 times per minute or more and the lower heart to beat as many as 100-200 times per minute. When the lower heart rate is higher than 100 beats per minute, it is called a rapid ventricular response (RVR). An episode of RVR can last minutes, hours, or days. […] The most common symptom of atrial flutter is a fast yet steady heartbeat. This symptom can be constant, or it can come and go. During a rapid ventricular response (RVR), other symptoms may include: anxiety, shortness of breath, palpitations (fluttering in the chest), and fatigue. […] About 30 percent of people with atrial flutter do not experience any symptoms. These individuals are typically diagnosed with atrial flutter when they are being evaluated for another health problem, such as heart failure or stroke. […] Most people with atrial flutter experience an improvement in symptoms after treatment. However, some symptoms may continue, even after treatment. If that happens, our cardiologists will continue to work with you to minimize your symptoms and help you experience the best quality of life possible.

• #9 Atrial Flutter | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/atrial-flutter-1.html

  Atrial flutter can reduce the forward pumping of the heart. It can make the heart beat abnormally fast. But some people have no or minor symptoms. This is true if their heart rate is controlled and their heart otherwise works as it should. If you do have symptoms, they can include: […] Although atrial flutter is usually not life-threatening at first, it does limit how well your heart pumps blood. This can cause a clot to form in your heart. If the clot breaks loose, it could lead to a stroke. […] Over time, atrial flutter can weaken your heart muscle. This can lead to heart failure. Atrial flutter is often linked to a similar heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation (AFib). AFib is the most common type of arrhythmia. […] You may have no symptoms. […] If present, symptoms may include a noticeable fast, steady or irregular pulse, shortness of breath, dizziness, trouble with normal activities or exercise, a feeling that your heart is pounding, or tightness in your chest. […] Complications from atrial flutter can be life-threatening if the condition is not treated.

• #10 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=134&contentid=229

  Atrial flutter can reduce the forward pumping of the heart. It can make the heart beat abnormally fast. But some people have no or minor symptoms. This is true if their heart rate is controlled and their heart otherwise works as it should. If you do have symptoms, they can include: […] If present, symptoms may include a noticeable fast, steady or irregular pulse, shortness of breath, dizziness, trouble with normal activities or exercise, a feeling that your heart is pounding, or tightness in your chest.

• #11 Atrial fibrillation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350624

  Symptoms of AFib may include: Feelings of a fast, fluttering or pounding heartbeat, called palpitations. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fatigue. Lightheadedness. Reduced ability to exercise. Shortness of breath. Weakness. […] Some people with atrial fibrillation (AFib) don’t notice any symptoms. […] Atrial fibrillation may be: Occasional, also called paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. AFib symptoms come and go. The symptoms usually last for a few minutes to hours. Some people have symptoms for as long as a week. The episodes can happen repeatedly. Symptoms might go away on their own. Some people with occasional AFib need treatment. […] Persistent. The irregular heartbeat is constant. The heart rhythm does not reset on its own. If symptoms occur, medical treatment is needed to correct the heart rhythm.

• #12 Atrial fibrillation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-causes/syc-20350624

  Long-standing persistent. This type of AFib is constant and lasts longer than 12 months. Medicines or a procedure are needed to correct the irregular heartbeat. […] Permanent. In this type of atrial fibrillation, the irregular heart rhythm can’t be reset. Medicines are needed to control the heart rate and to prevent blood clots.

• #13 Understanding Atrial Flutter

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter can present with various symptoms that may vary in intensity. Common symptoms include: […] Recognizing the signs and symptoms early is vital for effective management and treatment, ensuring better outcomes for patients. […] Diagnosis often involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can reveal characteristic flutter waves. These waves indicate the presence of atrial flutter and help differentiate it from other arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation. Recognizing these symptoms is essential for timely medical evaluation and intervention. […] Atrial flutter significantly impacts the heart’s function. It leads to an increased atrial rate, causing the atria to beat rapidly and irregularly. This abnormal rhythm can result in an irregular ventricular rate, which affects how efficiently the heart pumps blood. […] Understanding these effects helps patients recognize the importance of seeking treatment for atrial flutter to prevent serious complications.

• #14 Atrial Flutter

  https://www.washingtonhra.com/arrhythmias/atrial-flutter.php

  Episodes of atrial flutter can lead to rapid heartbeats with symptoms of palpitations and chest fluttering or tremoring. […] Similar to other SVTs, patient may feel short of breath, fatigue, dizziness, or rarely, even fainting. […] However, some people with atrial flutter may not have any symptoms at all. […] Episodes of atrial flutter can last anywhere from minutes to days or months. […] Patients with sustained rapid heartbeats should seek medical attention. […] In addition to the risk of stroke, prolonged episodes of atrial flutter can cause irreversible changes to the atria, including negative remodeling with atrial enlargement and weakness (myopathy). […] In addition, prolonged episodes can make reversion and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm more difficult. […] Long-lasting atrial flutter with continuously rapid ventricular rates (heart rates typically greater than 100 beats per minute) may cause a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (weakening of ventricular muscle and heart function) and symptoms of congestive heart failure.

• #15 Atrial Fibrillation—How Afib Progresses

  https://www.stopafib.org/learn-about-afib/what-is-afib/how-afib-progresses/

  While atrial fibrillation may start out somewhat benign, over time it may progress and become much more serious. […] During early episodes, atrial fibrillation may go away by itself within a few minutes, though over time, it may require medicine to go away. Some of the afib patients that we have spoken with said that in the early stages their atrial fibrillation symptoms were infrequent and often well-controlled by medication, which usually included rate control drugs or rhythm control drugs in combination with anticoagulants to prevent strokes. […] But over time, however, their atrial fibrillation episodes became more frequent, or lasted longer, and medication became less effective or even stopped working altogether. For some patients, the occasional episodes transformed over time and became constant.

• #16 Atrial Fibrillation—How Afib Progresses

  https://www.stopafib.org/learn-about-afib/what-is-afib/how-afib-progresses/

  As their afib grew worse, they felt increasingly tired, weak, and lifeless, and were concerned about the potential of even more serious health effects from afib, including heart failure and stroke. […] Afib is progressive. Afib begets afib. You may start out with intermittent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and over time migrate to persistent atrial fibrillation. Or you may start out with persistent afib and migrate to longstanding persistent afib, or even permanent afib. […] The longer you have afib, or the more persistent it becomes, the harder it is to treat.

• #17 Atrial Flutter: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutters are a type of heart arrhythmia where the heart’s upper chambers (the atria) begin beating too rapidly. […] Atrial flutters can lead to some unpleasant symptoms but, more concerningly, can put you at risk of having a potentially debilitating or lethal stroke. […] When these heart flutters do present with symptoms, they can include the following: Rapid or irregular heart rate, Dizziness or fainting, Fatigue or exhaustion with minimal exertion, Heart palpitations, Shortness of breath, Stroke. […] The risk of stroke is one of the main dangers of atrial flutter. […] Some mild cases of atrial flutter may clear up on their own if the condition is not persistent. However, this condition has the risk of leading to a stroke. […] If left untreated, persistent atrial flutters may shorten your life expectancy by increasing your risk of stroke or heart failure.

• #18 Atrial Flutter | Boston Medical Center

  https://www.bmc.org/patient-care/conditions-we-treat/db/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter occurs when the heart beats too quickly (typically 300 beats per minute) and therefore cannot pump blood efficiently. […] Symptoms can include feeling of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), shortness of breath, anxiety, weakness or fatigue, angina (chest pain), and/or syncope (fainting). Some people, however, don’t experience any symptoms. […] Left untreated, atrial flutter can lead to an increased risk of stroke.

• #19 The difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/ask-the-experts/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is less common, but has similar symptoms (feeling faint, tiredness, palpitations, shortness of breath or dizziness). Some people have mild symptoms, others have none at all. […] About a third of people with atrial flutter also have atrial fibrillation. […] Both conditions carry increased risk of stroke, usually managed by drugs (such as warfarin or a newer anticoagulant). This is why, whether you have atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, it is vital to be diagnosed early so you can get the right treatment and reduce your stroke risk. Either condition may require medications to prevent your heart rate becoming too rapid.

• #20 Atrial Flutter (AFL): Abnormal Heart Rhythm | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is one of the more common atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular arrhythmias). Many patients with atrial flutter have associated atrial fibrillation. […] Atrial flutter may be asymptomatic but can present in a variety of ways. Initial presentation varies from a coincidental ECG finding to being in extremis with heart failure or embolic stroke. […] Mild symptoms include palpitations, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, dizziness. […] Syncope. […] Heart failure. […] Thromboembolism with transient ischaemic attacks or stroke. […] Pulse may be irregular or regular, but is usually rapid. […] Heart failure, hypotension and respiratory distress may be present. […] Atrial flutter leads to an increased overall mortality. […] It often converts within one week to normal sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation but can occasionally persist for weeks or months.

• #21 Atrial Flutter, Typical and Atypical: A Review | AER Journal

  https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/atrial-flutter-typical-and-atypical-review?language_content_entity=en

  Typical flutter is the type of MRT most frequently found in the clinical setting. The mechanism is a large re-entrant circuit contained in the right atrium (RA) with passive activation of the left atrium (LA). Clinical presentation will depend in large part on the ventricular rate, which is most often around 120-150 due to 2:1 AV conduction, but in some cases 1:1 AV conduction leads to extremely high rates with poor clinical tolerance often requiring immediate intervention. As in AF, loss of effective atrial contraction synchronised to ventricular contraction and rapid ventricular rates may result in hypotension, angina, heart failure, syncope or a feeling of palpitation making the patient seek medical attention. Occasionally flutter can be asymptomatic for weeks or months and the sustained tachycardia can lead to systolic ventricular dysfunction and heart failure (tachycardiomyopathy). […] Progression to AF after successful CTI ablation for typical flutter underlines the presence of an atrial arrhythmogenic substrate that can evolve in many cases, even in the absence of flutter recurrence.

• #22 What is Atrial Flutter? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/what-is-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a rhythmic disturbance of the heart (arrhythmia). Atrial flutter happens when the chambers beat faster than normal and are not always coordinated. It is not as common as atrial fibrillation, also known as AFib or AF. But atrial flutter has similar symptoms, causes and results. People with atrial flutter may also develop AFib. An electrocardiogram can detect atrial flutter. […] Sometimes, there are no obvious symptoms, and the condition is found only with a physical exam. When there are obvious symptoms, they may include: General fatigue, A rapid and irregular heartbeat, Fluttering or “thumping” in the chest, Dizziness, Shortness of breath, Anxiety, Weakness, Faintness or confusion, Fatigue when exercising, Sweating, Chest pain or pressure (If you have this or any other concerning symptom, this is a medical emergency. You may be having a heart attack. Call 911 right away.) […] The most serious risk from atrial flutter is that it can lead to other medical problems, including: Stroke, Heart failure, Chronic fatigue, Additional heart rhythm problems, Inconsistent blood supply to the body.

• #23 Atrial Flutter: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151210-overview

  The prognosis for atrial flutter depends on the patient’s underlying medical condition. Any prolonged atrial arrhythmia can cause a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Intervening to control the ventricular response rate or to return the patient to sinus rhythm is important. Thrombus formation in the left atrium has been described in patients with atrial flutter (0-21%). Thromboembolic complications have also been described. […] For the most part, morbidity and mortality result from complications of rate (eg, syncope and congestive heart failure). In patients with atrial flutter, the risk of embolic occurrences approaches that seen in atrial fibrillation.

• #24

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Alberta/Pages/atrial-flutter-symptoms-and-causes.aspx

  Below is a list of some of the more common symptoms people may feel when in atrial flutter: palpitations or fluttering in the chest […] Some people have no symptoms. Atrial flutter is seen more often as we get older. Its rare in children and young adults. This rhythm is rarely dangerous, although it can make you feel unwell. The most serious complication is a blood clot (thrombus) forming in your heart if the flutter goes on for long periods of time. […] If this clot, or a part of it, breaks off and travels in your bloodstream, it may travel to your brain and cause a stroke (which can cause brain cells to die resulting in brain damage), to your lungs and cause a pulmonary clot, or it can block the blood flow to other body organs. […] Also, if your heart is allowed to beat at more than 100 bpm for weeks or months, the heart muscle may become enlarged and/or weakened. This is not always a permanent problem. It may reverse itself once the heart rate returns back to normal.

• #25 Atrial Flutter vs. Fibrillation: Comparing Differences

  https://www.health.com/atrial-flutter-vs-atrial-fibrillation-8663960

  Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (AFib) are heart rhythm conditions that occur when the upper chambers of the heart (known as the atria) beat too quickly. Atrial flutter involves the atria beating very quickly but in a regular pattern, whereas AFib causes rapid and irregular heartbeat patterns. […] Both conditions can lead to poor blood flow, heart palpitations, and shortness of breath. […] Many heart conditions have similar symptoms, and the same is true for AFib and atrial flutter. These symptoms can also worsen as the conditions progress. Here’s a full breakdown of how symptoms for both conditions compare: Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Shortness of breath, Chest pain or tightness, Feeling dizzy or faint, Anxiety, Low blood pressure (hypotension), Fluttering or „thumping” in the chest wall with each heartbeat.

• #26 Atrial Flutter vs. Fibrillation: Comparing Differences

  https://www.health.com/atrial-flutter-vs-atrial-fibrillation-8663960

  Both atrial flutter and AFib increase the risk of stroke. People who live with either condition may need medications called blood thinners to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke. About 15-20% of people who have strokes also have an underlying diagnosis of AFib. […] If you’re experiencing symptoms of either atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, it’s important to see a healthcare provider sooner rather than later to receive a diagnosis and get treatment if needed. […] Atrial flutter and AFib can coexist, meaning you can experience symptoms of both conditions simultaneously. This coexistence, however, can complicate diagnosis and treatment. Managing both conditions requires a comprehensive approach by a healthcare professional to control heart rhythm and rate and prevent complications such as stroke. […] If you have symptoms of atrial flutter or AFib, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, or chest pain, you should visit your healthcare provider. It’s also important to seek medical attention if these symptoms are new, severe, or worsening.

• #27 Atrial Flutter (AFL) | UpBeat.org – powered by the Heart Rhythm Society

  https://upbeat.org/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is similar to AFib because it also occurs in the atria or upper chambers of the heart and can result in a fast heartbeat. However, AFL tends to be an organized rhythm that is caused by an electrical wave that circulates very rapidly in the atrium, about 300 times a minute. This can lead to a very fast, but regular, heartbeat. Like AFib, the atria are not able to beat well and this results in an increased risk of a stroke. […] The electrical signal that causes Atrial Flutter (AFL) circulates in an organized, predictable pattern. This means that people with AFL usually continue to have a steady heartbeat, even though it is faster than normal. It is possible that people with AFL may feel no symptoms at all. Others do experience symptoms, which may include: Feeling tired and not have enough energy, Heart palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing, pounding, or fluttering), Fast, steady pulse, Shortness of breath, Trouble with everyday exercises or activities, Pain, pressure, tightness, or discomfort in your chest, Dizziness, feeling lightheaded, or fainting.

• #28 Atrial Flutter (AFL) | UpBeat.org – powered by the Heart Rhythm Society

  https://upbeat.org/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrial-flutter

  AFL itself is not life threatening. If left untreated, the side effects of AFL can be potentially life threatening. AFL makes it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively. With the blood moving more slowly, it is more likely to form clots. If the clot is pumped out of the heart, it could travel to the brain and lead to a stroke or heart attack. Without treatment, AFL can also cause a fast pulse rate for long periods of time. This means that the ventricles are beating too fast. When the ventricles beat too fast for long periods of time, the heart muscle can become weak and tired. This condition is called cardiomyopathy. This can lead to heart failure and long-term disability. Without treatment, AFL can also cause another type of arrhythmia called atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of abnormal heart rhythm.

• #29 Atrial Flutter – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a rapid regular atrial rhythm due to an atrial macroreentrant circuit. Symptoms include palpitations and sometimes weakness, effort intolerance, dyspnea, and presyncope. […] Symptoms of atrial flutter depend primarily on ventricular rate and the nature of any underlying heart disorder. If ventricular rate is 120 beats/minute and regular, there are likely to be few or no symptoms. Faster rates and variable AV conduction usually cause palpitations. Decreased cardiac output may cause symptoms of hemodynamic compromise (eg, chest discomfort, dyspnea, weakness, syncope). […] Treatment of atrial flutter focuses on ventricular rate control, rhythm control, and prevention of thromboembolism. Pharmacologic rate control is more difficult to achieve in atrial flutter than in atrial fibrillation. Thus, for most patients, electrical conversion (using synchronized cardioversion or overdrive pacing) is the treatment of choice for an initial episode and is mandatory with 1:1 AV conduction or hemodynamic compromise. […] Long-term oral anticoagulation to prevent stroke is required for patients with chronic or recurrent atrial flutter. Recurrent episodes are prevented with class Ia, Ic, or III antiarrhythmic medications along with AV nodal suppression or, more effectively, by cavotricuspid isthmus ablation.

• #30 Atrial flutter – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/arrhythmias/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) which causes the upper chambers of your heart (atria) to beat too quickly. This can lead to symptoms such as palpitations and feeling light-headed. […] Although people with atrial flutter often have no symptoms, symptoms can include: palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, feeling light-headed, fainting, tightness in your chest. […] If left untreated, atrial flutter can also weaken the heart over time and cause heart failure.

• #31 Atrial Flutter | Heart Rhythm Clinic

  https://www.heartrhythmclinic.com.au/arrhythmias/atrial-flutter/

  During atrial flutter, both the left and right atria are stimulated too rapidly and cannot pump effectively as a result. The heart becomes inefficient at pumping blood around the body. This produces breathlessness, dizziness, and fatigue, often accompanied by palpitations. These are the key symptoms of atrial flutter, and are not in themselves life threatening. […] Atrial flutter causes the hearts lower chambers to pump too quickly. If left untreated, these muscular chambers can weaken and distend, resulting in heart failure. It is important to prevent this either by slowing down the rapid heart rate with medications, or correcting the short circuit altogether so that normal electrical function resumes.

• #32 Atrial Flutter: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter (AFL) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. It occurs when the upper chambers of your heart beat too fast, causing the bottom chambers to also beat faster than normal. […] Symptoms of AFL are wide-ranging and can include one or more of the following conditions. Symptoms can last for hours, days, or even weeks at a time. […] These symptoms can be similar to those of other heart conditions. They can also be associated with conditions unrelated to the heart. […] Having one or more of these symptoms isnt always a sign of AFL. Also, some people with AFL feel no symptoms at all. […] Because of this complexity of pinpointing AFL symptoms, it is always a good idea to discuss any concerns with your doctor. […] Medications can be successful in treating AFL, but more often, physicians will use a cardioversion or ablation procedure to restore normal sinus rhythm. […] The condition can sometimes recur after treatment depending on the cause of your AFL. Many physicians are now favoring using ablation at the initial diagnosis of AFL. […] You can lower the risk of recurrence by reducing your stress levels and taking your medications as prescribed.

• #33 Atrial Flutter: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment – Dr. AFib

  https://drafib.com/blog/atrial-flutter/

  Sometimes people with atrial flutter will have no outward symptoms at all. […] For those that do experience symptoms, the symptoms largely depend on how fast the ventricles are beating. The higher the rate, the more likely you are to experience uncomfortable symptoms. […] Some of the symptoms of atrial flutter can include: Palpitations (a feeling of fluttering in the chest), Rapid heart rate, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Feeling lightheaded, Fatigue, Low blood pressure. […] Atrial flutter may come and go, and stop by itself, similar to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. […] However, if atrial flutter goes untreated it can increase risk for stroke as well as congestive heart failure. In addition, the longer atrial flutter goes untreated, there will be an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation as well.

• #34 Atrial Flutter • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/atrial-flutter-ecg-library/

  Atrial flutter is a form of supraventricular tachycardia caused by a re-entry circuit within the right atrium. The length of the re-entry circuit corresponds to the size of the right atrium, resulting in a fairly predictable atrial rate of around 300 bpm (range 200-400) […] Atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction is associated with severe haemodynamic instability and progression to ventricular fibrillation. […] Atrial flutter will not usually cardiovert with these techniques (unlike AVNRT), although typically there will be a transient period of increased AV block during which flutter waves may be unmasked. […] The diagnosis of flutter with variable block could be inferred here from the R-R intervals alone (e.g. if flutter waves were indistinct) note how the R-R intervals during periods of 4:1 block are approximately double the R-R intervals during 2:1 block. […] The relatively slow ventricular response suggests treatment with an AV nodal blocking agent. […] This patient will almost certainly be haemodynamically unstable, requiring emergent DC cardioversion.

• #35 Understanding Heart Flutters: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | CVG Cares Cardiology – CVG

  https://cvgcares.com/conditions/what-heart-flutters-can-mean/

  You may describe feeling a fluttering or pounding sensation in the chest, anxiety, shortness of breath, trouble exercising, confusion, or fatigue. […] If other heart or lung diseases cause the atrial flutter, the symptoms linked to the condition may be more severe. These symptoms include chest or heart pain, lightheadedness, and fainting.

• #36 Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms and Signs: What AFib Feels Like

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atrial-fibrillation/symptoms-of-atrial-fibrillation

  You might feel your heart’s familiar lub-dub beat. If your heart races or the beats feel irregular and the feeling lasts for a few minutes, thats a sign you might have a condition called atrial fibrillation. Some atrial fibrillation symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, can mimic those of a heart attack. You might feel: Heart palpitations — a flutter in your chest or heartbeat that races, pounds, or flutters […] Fatigue, or extreme tiredness, happens a lot with atrial fibrillation. It’s the most common symptom of the condition. Women may have more subtle symptoms of AFib, like weakness and fatigue, and not the more obvious signs of illness. Older adults may not have any symptoms of AFib, with doctors only discovering the condition during a routine checkup or electrocardiogram (EKG). The symptoms of AFib at night can feel different from those during the day. Symptoms can include: Heavy breathing while you sleep, Sweating a lot, A strange feeling in your chest when you wake up, Anxiety, Sleep apnea. Doctors classify AFib by how long your symptoms last. The fluttering goes on longer with some forms than others: Paroxysmal fibrillation last 7 days or less, Persistent AFib lasts for more than 7 days, Long-term persistent AFib lasts for more than 1 year, Permanent AFib doesn’t go away. If your AFib continues for many months or years, you can reach the point where you barely notice the symptoms. Sometimes, they don’t go away on their own. Your doctor may have to treat you to bring your heart back into the right rhythm. Call your doctor if your heart doesn’t go back into a normal rhythm within a few minutes or your symptoms get worse.

• #37 Atrial Flutter | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter may cause the following symptoms: Chest pressure or pain, Fainting, also known as syncope, or near-syncope, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Palpitations, which can be skipping, fluttering or pounding in the chest, Shortness of breath. […] It is important to note that some children may not know how to describe what they are feeling during a period of atrial flutter. They may have trouble keeping up with other children or realize they are having „spells” and want to sit down and rest. Sometimes, a child does not experience any symptoms at all.

• #38 Atrial Flutter – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://www.kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21816-atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter occurs when electricity forms an abnormal circuit somewhere in the atrium. As electricity moves around the circuit, it generates impulses at a very fast rate. The sinus node is completely shut down in this situation. Usually the heart rate in the atrium is very fast, often in the range of 350-500 beats per minute. […] The danger of atrial flutter, or any tachycardia for that matter, involves the degree of stress placed on the heart muscle. When the heart rate is very fast, or even when the heart rate is not so fast but continues for a prolonged period of time, the heart muscle tires out. This may lead to ineffective pumping and the development of congestive heart failure. Symptoms of congestive heart failure in babies include rapid breathing, sweating, poor feeding, and poor weight gain. In older children, atrial flutter usually causes symptoms of palpitations. Rarely associated symptoms of chest pain, dizziness, or syncope may occur as well.

• #39 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/AFIB/comments/1ir8gvn/for_those_with_atrial_flutter_what_are_your/

  I asked if I had afib and I remember they said no but they mightve mentioned that they suspected atrial flutter. […] Everything indicates I have atrial flutter, except, well, the symptoms. […] My symptoms (seem to) resemble pvc with panic attacks/ high anxiety more than anything else. […] When I get an „episode” it goes like this: Sudden rush of adrenaline and panic. I feel the need to breathe harder. I feel like my heart skips a beat. I feel a thump almost like my heart compensates for the skipped beat. I feel weird for about 5 seconds (I feel hot and a little bit dizzy, sometimes I even get a slight headache). The whole thing lasts between 5-15 seconds. […] I very rarely get tachycardia and when I went to the ER I’m almost convinced that my tachycardia was mostly caused by a panic attack because it wasn’t that high (140 bpm) and I seemed to have some sort of control over it when I calmed myself. […] Still, though, I’m almost always in sinus rhythm. […] So yea, what are you guys symptoms like? Is google just a bit misleading when it comes to explaining atrial flutter symptoms or am I just experiencing something different?

• #40 Atrial Flutter vs. Atrial Fibrillation: What’s the Difference?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/atrial-flutter-vs-atrial-fibrillation

  People with AFib or atrial flutter may not experience any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they are similar: […] The major difference in symptoms is in the regularity of the pulse rate. Overall, the symptoms of atrial flutter tend to be less severe. There is also less chance of clot formation and stroke. […] In atrial flutter, your atria receive organized electrical signals, but the signals are faster than normal. The atria beat more frequently than the ventricles (up to 300 bpm). Only every second beat gets through to the ventricles. […] The resulting pulse rate is around 150 bpm. Atrial flutter creates a very specific sawtooth pattern on a diagnostic test known as an electrocardiogram (EKG). […] The symptoms of atrial flutter tend to be less severe than the symptoms of AFib. […] People with atrial flutter have a tendency to develop AFib, even after treatment.

• #41 Atrial Flutter vs Atrial Fibrillation | Mirza Ashraf, MD

  https://nnyheartcenter.com/atrial-flutter-vs-atrial-fibrillation/

  Atrial flutter symptoms tend to be less severe, may not always include an irregular pulse, and the risk of stroke is lower. […] Both AFib and atrial flutter may cause rapid pulse, irregular pulse, tiredness, palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pain and tightness, and even stroke.

• #42 Atrial Flutter vs Atrial Fibrillation: What to Know

  https://heartrhythmcardiologist.com/atrial-flutter-vs-atrial-fibrillation/

  Atrial flutter doesn’t always cause any noticeable symptoms. Some people only discover they have it when they go for a medical checkup for something else. But if you were to have symptoms of atrial flutter, these are the kinds of things you might experience: palpitation (a feeling that the heart is racing or beating more forcefully than normal), fatigue, light-headedness, shortness of breath. […] Atrial flutter can also cause fainting spells or tightness in the chest, though these symptoms are less common. (Whether related to atrial flutter or not, pains or tightness in the chest should be treated as a medical emergency.) […] It is difficult to predict exactly when you might experience these symptoms. Some people find they come and go, which we call paroxysmal atrial flutter. Others find their episodes of atrial flutter can carry on for days or even weeks, which we call persistent atrial flutter.

• #43 Atrial Fibrillation – Afib

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/afib-atrial-fibrillation

  Atrial fibrillation often causes an erratic fluttering sensation in the chest (palpitations) and makes the heart a less efficient pump. This may result in symptoms of weakness, fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath. However, some patients who have atrial fibrillation are completely unaware of it and have no symptoms at all. […] Some patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (the type that comes and goes, as compared to persistent atrial fibrillation, which can stay for more than a week) also have right atrial flutter. Right atrial flutter results from a short circuit in the right atrium and causes symptoms that are very similar to the symptoms of atrial fibrillation. Most patients cannot tell the difference between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

• #44 Atrial Fibrillation – Afib | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/afib-atrial-fibrillation/1000

  Atrial fibrillation often causes an erratic fluttering sensation in the chest (palpitations) and makes the heart a less efficient pump. This may result in symptoms of weakness, fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath. […] Some patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (the type that comes and goes, as compared to persistent atrial fibrillation, which can stay for more than a week) also have right atrial flutter. Right atrial flutter results from a short circuit in the right atrium and causes symptoms that are very similar to the symptoms of atrial fibrillation. Most patients cannot tell the difference between atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

• #45 What are the Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-symptoms-of-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af

  Atrial fibrillation, also called AFib or AF, is the most common type of irregular heartbeat. The abnormal firing of electrical impulses causes the atria (the top chambers in the heart) to quiver (or fibrillate). […] Sometimes people with AFib have no symptoms and their condition is only detectable upon physical examination. Others may experience one or more of these symptoms: General fatigue, A rapid and irregular heartbeat, Fluttering or “thumping” in the chest, Dizziness, Shortness of breath and anxiety, Weakness, Faintness or confusion, Fatigue when exercising, Sweating, Chest pain or pressure (This is a medical emergency. You may be having a heart attack. Call 911 immediately if you have one of these feelings.) […] Over a period of time, paroxysmal fibrillation may become more frequent and longer lasting. This sometimes leads to permanent or chronic AFib.

• #46 What are the Symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation? | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/what-are-the-symptoms-of-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af

  All types of AFib can increase your risk of stroke. Even if you have no noticeable symptoms, you are nearly five times more likely to have a stroke than someone who doesn’t have AFib. […] Fluttering and palpitations are symptoms of AFib. Those feelings are the key difference between AFib and a heart attack.

• #47 Atrial flutter – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/183

  Atrial flutter, in the typical form, is characterized electrocardiographically by flutter waves, which are a saw-tooth pattern of atrial activation, most prominent in leads II, III, aVF, and V1. Atrial rates are typically above 250 bpm and up to 320 bpm. Ventricular rates range from 120 to 160 bpm, and most characteristically 150 bpm, because an associated 2:1 atrioventricular block is common. This rhythm is commonly associated with atrial fibrillation, into which it may degenerate. Atrial fibrillation may also convert to atrial flutter. If the rhythm persists despite treatment of the underlying cause or in the absence of a reversible cause, electrical cardioversion is used to terminate the arrhythmia. If electrical cardioversion is unavailable or not acceptable to the patient, pharmacologic cardioversion may be attempted. Because of alterations in atrial activation, the ECG often fluctuates between both rhythms in the same patient. […] Key diagnostic factors include worsening heart failure or pulmonary symptoms and jugular venous pulsations with rapid flutter waves. Other diagnostic factors include palpitations, fatigue or lightheadedness, chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, hypotension, and embolic events.

• #48 Atrial Flutter – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/atrial-flutter.html

  Atrial flutter is an irregular heartbeat. It reduces your heart’s ability to pump blood, which means you do not get enough oxygen. An irregular heartbeat could lead to a life-threatening blood clot or stroke. […] What are the signs and symptoms of atrial flutter? Pounding or racing heartbeat. Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Weakness or tiredness. Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting. […] Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and if they come and go. He or she will measure your heart rate. […] Heart medicines help control your heart rate and rhythm. […] Cardioversion is a procedure to return your heart rate and rhythm to normal. This is done with medicine or an electrical shock. […] You feel lightheaded, are short of breath, and have chest pain.

• #49 Atrial Flutter – Cardiovascular Interventions Orlando

  https://orlandocvi.com/condition/atrial-flutter/

  Atrial flutter is a relatively common abnormal heart rhythm where the atria beat quickly, but evenly. […] The rapid fluttering of the atria does not allow the complete filling of the ventricles, that pumps blood out to the entire body. Symptoms of atrial flutter such as lightheadedness or dizziness may be felt. […] Some patients may be unaware of their heart beating abnormally. Although characteristic symptoms include: Palpitations (pounding sensation in the chest), Fluttering sensation in the chest, Shortness of breath, Anxiety, Weakness, Dizziness, light-headedness, Fainting, Confusion, Fatigue, Intolerance to exercise, Nausea, Nervousness, Swelling of the legs or abdomen. […] The complications of atrial flutter include: Syncope (fainting), Heart failure, Thrombus (clot formation), Stroke.

• #50 Atrial Flutter – Cardiovascular Interventions Orlando

  https://orlandocvi.com/condition/atrial-flutter/

  If you experience symptoms of atrial flutter, call your physician. If you have already been diagnosed and being treated for atrial flutter, seek medical help at the hospital as soon as possible if you have the following symptoms: Severe chest pain, Feeling faint or light-headed, Have an actual episode of fainting. […] Atrial flutter treatment goals include restoring the heart to normal rhythm, regulating heart rate, preventing blood clot formation, and treating the underlying cause. […] Atrial flutter can be controlled with treatment. With treatment, many patients do well.

• #51 What is atrial flutter?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a type of abnormal heart rhythm that causes a rapid but regular heartbeat. It can lead to severe complications without treatment from a doctor. […] Typically, people with atrial flutter have a regular, rapid heartbeat, although this is not always the case. Other people might experience symptoms that include: shortness of breath, difficulty exercising or performing daily activities, chest pain, a racing or pounding heartbeat, dizziness and lightheadedness, fainting, fatigue or weakness, swelling in the legs. […] According to the Heart Rhythm Society, some people do not experience any symptoms. […] Atrial flutter can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Atrial flutter can cause blood to move more slowly around the body or pool in the atria. This increases the chances of a blood clot, which can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

• #52 What is atrial flutter?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-atrial-flutter

  A person may not always notice an abnormal heart rhythm at first. It may become more apparent as symptoms develop. Anyone who experiences symptoms, such as shortness of breath, heart palpitations, fatigue, or difficulty performing daily activities, should see a doctor for a diagnosis. […] Atrial flutter is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes a rapid heartbeat. It can cause symptoms that include dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations. Anyone with atrial flutter should see a doctor immediately. Treatments are necessary to control symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. […] The complications of atrial flutter can be severe, such as a stroke or heart failure.

• #53 Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000184.htm

  Atrial fibrillation (Afib) and atrial flutter are common types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) which affect the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. […] In atrial flutter, the heart beats too fast, but mostly continues to contract in a regular rhythm. […] You may not be aware that your heart is not beating in a normal pattern. When symptoms are present, they may include one or more of the following: […] Pulse that feels rapid, racing, pounding or thumping, fluttering, irregular, or too slow. […] Sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations). […] Dizziness, lightheadedness. […] Fainting. […] Fatigue. […] Weakness. […] Loss of ability to exercise. […] Shortness of breath and anxiety. […] Chest pain or pressure, which may be a sign of a heart attack. […] AFib tends to return and get worse. It may come back in some people, even with treatment. […] Contact your provider if you have symptoms of AFib or flutter.

• #54 Atrial Flutter: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Life Expectancy

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/atrial_flutter/article_em.htm

  Some people have no symptoms with atrial flutter. Others describe the following symptoms: Palpitations (a rapid heartbeat or a pounding sensation in the chest) […] A fluttering feeling in the chest […] Shortness of breath […] Anxiety […] Weakness […] People with underlying heart or lung disease who experience atrial flutter may have these symptoms as well as the following more significant symptoms: Angina pectoris (chest or heart pains) […] Feeling faint or light headed […] Fainting (syncope) […] Living a normal life is possible for people with atrial flutter. Medications can control symptoms and arrhythmia in most people. In many people, atrial flutter can be cured with radiofrequency catheter ablation. […] If a person experiences atrial flutter and no underlying heart disease is found, the outlook is generally quite good. If underlying heart disease does exist, the atrial flutter is likely to recur. Therefore, a heart specialist (cardiologist) should be seen.

• #55 Atrial fibrillation

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atrial-fibrillation/

  The main symptoms of atrial fibrillation are: an irregular heartbeat, where your pulse is not steady […] If you do get symptoms, they may start and stop on their own (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) or stop after treatment (persistent atrial fibrillation). […] Over time, you may always have symptoms (permanent atrial fibrillation). […] There is currently no cure for atrial fibrillation, but treatment should help manage the symptoms and lower the risk of complications like blood clots, stroke and heart failure.

• #56 Atrial Flutter | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/atrial-flutter

  Atrial flutter is a heart rhythm disorder that causes the upper chambers of the heart to beat too quickly. Atrial flutter is a type of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that occurs when the atria (upper chambers of your heart) beat faster and irregularly. While the heart normally beats between 60 to 100 beats per minute, atrial flutter causes the upper chambers of the heart to beat 250 to 350 times per minute. […] With a rapid heartbeat, your hearts upper chambers cannot fill with blood fast enough or empty all their blood into the ventricles (lower part of your heart), causing your heart to pump less blood than it normally would. Over time, this can weaken the heart muscle, damage your bodys other organs, and increase your risk of stroke, heart failure, and other complications. […] With atrial flutter, your heart is working harder and less efficiently, often causing the heart muscle to weaken and blood pressure to fluctuate. This causes symptoms such as: Shortness of breath, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Fainting, Fatigue, Fast heart rate, Heart palpitations, Thumping in the chest, Chest pain or pressure. However, some patients may not experience any symptoms commonly associated with atrial flutter.

• #57 Atrial Flutter | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/atrial-flutter

  If you have an underlying condition that is causing atrial flutter, your provider may first work to treat that condition to help alleviate your symptoms. If additional treatment is needed, your provider may recommend medications or procedures to treat atrial flutter. Medications such as calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers are used to treat atrial flutter by slowing your heart rate. Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to stop your abnormal heart rhythm. While medications are effective in treating atrial flutter for many people, your provider may recommend a procedure if you are not experiencing any improvement. […] There are several procedures that can help treat atrial flutter, including: Cardiac ablation, a procedure that strategically damages a small, targeted section of heart tissue to prevent abnormal electrical signals from being transmitted. Cardioversion, a procedure that can restore a normal heart rhythm by using quick, low electrical shocks. Pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), small devices implanted in the chest to help monitor and restore the hearts electrical impulses to normal.

• #58 Atrial Flutter | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/atrial-flutter

  Many people with atrial flutter also have other underlying conditions, making it important for our specialists to work together. Our electrophysiologists will collaborate with a range of specialists, including cardiologists and surgeons, to provide a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your needs.

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