Kolka niemowlęca
Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Kolka niemowlęca, dotykająca do 20% niemowląt, charakteryzuje się napadowym, nieukojonym płaczem trwającym ponad 3 godziny dziennie, przez co najmniej 3 dni w tygodniu, przez okres dłuższy niż 3 tygodnie. Etiologia kolki pozostaje niejasna, co utrudnia opracowanie skutecznych metod zapobiegania. Profilaktyka obejmuje modyfikacje sposobu karmienia, takie jak trzymanie dziecka w pozycji pionowej oraz odbijanie, choć brak jest jednoznacznych dowodów na skuteczność odbijania. U niemowląt karmionych piersią zaleca się eliminację potencjalnych alergenów z diety matki (np. mleko krowie, jajka, ryby, orzeszki ziemne, soja, pszenica) oraz unikanie kofeiny, alkoholu, przypraw i czekolady. U niemowląt karmionych mlekiem modyfikowanym korzystne może być przejście na hydrolizowane formuły, co potwierdza przegląd systematyczny 13 badań wykazujący istotne statystycznie zmniejszenie czasu płaczu.

Zapobieganie kolki niemowlęcej

Kolka niemowlęca to bolesne zaburzenie czynnościowe układu pokarmowego, które dotyka nawet do 20% niemowląt i charakteryzuje się napadowym, nieukojonym płaczem trwającym ponad trzy godziny dziennie, więcej niż trzy dni w tygodniu, przez okres dłuższy niż trzy tygodnie 1. Mimo że kolka stanowi istotny problem dla rodziców i niemowląt, naukowcy wciąż nie są pewni, co dokładnie ją powoduje, co utrudnia opracowanie skutecznych metod zapobiegania 2. W niniejszym artykule przedstawimy aktualne strategie profilaktyczne, które mogą pomóc w redukcji ryzyka wystąpienia lub nasilenia kolki niemowlęcej.

Rola karmienia w profilaktyce kolki

Sposób karmienia niemowlęcia może mieć istotny wpływ na ryzyko wystąpienia kolki. Uważa się, że kolka może być spowodowana połykaniem powietrza podczas karmienia, dlatego trzymanie dziecka w pozycji pionowej podczas karmienia może pomóc zmniejszyć ilość połykanego powietrza 3. Odbijanie jest tradycyjnie zalecane jako środek zapobiegawczy, chociaż brak dowodów naukowych potwierdzających jego skuteczność 4.

U niemowląt karmionych piersią, niektóre składniki pokarmowe, które przechodzą do mleka matki, mogą powodować kolkę. Do takich składników należą 5:

  • Przyprawy
  • Kofeina
  • Alkohol
  • Produkty mleczne
  • Czekolada

6

Eliminacja alergenów (np. mleka krowiego, jaj, ryb, orzeszków ziemnych, soi, orzechów, pszenicy) z diety matek karmiących piersią może złagodzić objawy kolki 7. Randomizowane badanie kontrolowane wykazało znaczące zmniejszenie objawów kolki u niemowląt karmionych piersią, których matki stosowały dietę niskooalergenową 8.

W przypadku niemowląt karmionych mlekiem modyfikowanym, przejście na hydrolizowane formuły może przynieść poprawę. Przegląd systematyczny 13 badań wykazał statystycznie istotne zmniejszenie czasu płaczu u niemowląt, które przeszły na częściowo, całkowicie lub ekstensywnie hydrolizowane formuły 9. Amerykańska Akademia Pediatrii nie zaleca jednak rutynowego stosowania formuł sojowych w leczeniu kolki niemowlęcej, ponieważ soja sama może być alergenem 10.

Probiotyki w profilaktyce kolki

Jednym z czynników, który może przyczyniać się do kolki, jest zaburzenie równowagi korzystnych bakterii w przewodzie pokarmowym niemowlęcia 11. Probiotyki mogą odgrywać kluczową rolę w modulacji mikrobioty jelitowej 12. Ich stosowanie pomaga prawdopodobnie utrzymać homeostazę jelitową poprzez regulację przepuszczalności i perystaltyki, wpływ na oś jelitowo-mózgową oraz hamowanie nadwrażliwości 13.

Lactobacillus reuteri (szczep DSM 17938) jest najlepiej przebadanym probiotikiem w kontekście zapobiegania kolce niemowlęcej. Profilaktyczne stosowanie L. reuteri DSM 17938 przez pierwsze 3 miesiące życia zmniejszyło częstość występowania czynnościowych zaburzeń żołądkowo-jelitowych, w tym kolki, oraz zmniejszyło prywatne i publiczne koszty związane z leczeniem tego schorzenia 14.

Największe badanie profilaktyczne objęło 589 niemowląt, rozpoczynające się w pierwszym tygodniu życia; otrzymywały one L. reuteri DSM 17938 lub placebo przez 90 dni. Zaobserwowano 50% redukcję czasu płaczu i regurgitacji oraz częstsze wypróżnienia w grupie L. reuteri w porównaniu z grupą placebo. Nie odnotowano różnic w przyroście masy ciała, a żadne zdarzenia niepożądane nie były związane z suplementacją 15.

Warto jednak zauważyć, że wyniki badań dotyczących skuteczności probiotyków w zapobieganiu i leczeniu kolki są niejednoznaczne. Przegląd systematyczny zidentyfikował sześć niejednorodnych badań oceniających probiotyki, w tym L. reuteri DSM 17938 i L. rhamnosus GG, z rozbieżnymi wynikami 16. Ze względu na niepewne korzyści i bezpieczeństwo dostępnych produktów, nie zaleca się rutynowego podawania probiotyków 17.

Metaanaliza tych badań wykazała, że niemowlęta leczone L. reuteri miały zmniejszone ryzyko czasu płaczu po 14 i 21 dniach w porównaniu z placebo u niemowląt karmionych piersią, ale nie u niemowląt karmionych mlekiem modyfikowanym; różnica była mniej widoczna po 4 tygodniach, a analiza opierała się na sześciu badaniach, które objęły 423 niemowląt 18.

Inne metody zapobiegania kolce niemowlęcej

Rodzice często szukają dodatkowych sposobów łagodzenia objawów kolki u swoich dzieci. Poniżej przedstawiamy kilka podejść, które są często stosowane, choć ich skuteczność nie zawsze jest naukowo potwierdzona:

  1. Podawanie enzymów trawiennych – Podawanie kropli laktazy może pomóc zapobiec kolce, jeśli dziecko ma przejściową nietolerancję laktozy utrudniającą całkowite trawienie mleka 19.
  2. Wspieranie rodziców – Wsparcie i uspokojenie rodziców są kluczowymi elementami zarządzania kolką 20.
  3. Techniki uspokajania dziecka – Opracowanie planu zawierającego różne strategie uspokajania może być pomocne 21.

Niektóre techniki, które mogą przynieść ulgę podczas epizodów kolki, to:

  • Trzymanie i owijanie niemowlęcia lub używanie nosidełka, aby mieć wolne ręce do innych czynności 22
  • Biały szum generowany przez odkurzacz lub inne urządzenia, takie jak zmywarka, który wydaje się uspokajać niemowlę z kolką 23
  • Termofor lub podgrzewacz ustawiony na niską temperaturę i umieszczony na brzuszku dziecka 24
  • Kołysanie, które może uspokoić wiele niemowląt 25
  • Delikatny masaż brzuszka, nóg lub pleców 26

Metody niezalecane

Istnieje wiele niepotrzebnych lub nieskutecznych metod, które nie są zalecane do zapobiegania lub leczenia kolki niemowlęcej:

  • Nie należy podawać dziecku kropli przeciwkolkowych ani suplementów ziołowych czy probiotycznych – istnieje niewiele dowodów na ich skuteczność 27
  • Nie należy stosować delikatnego nacisku na kręgosłup dziecka (manipulacja kręgosłupem) lub czaszkę (osteopatia czaszkowa) – istnieje niewiele dowodów na skuteczność tych metod, a mogą one zaszkodzić dziecku 28

Terapie fizyczne dla kolki obejmują manipulację chiropraktyczną i osteopatyczną, masaż oraz akupunkturę. Przegląd systematyczny doszedł do wniosku, że konieczne są dalsze badania przed zaleceniem tych metod leczenia 29.

Wnioski dotyczące profilaktyki kolki niemowlęcej

Nie istnieje jedna metoda, która udowodniono zapobiega kolce u niemowląt, a recepty przekazywane przez rodzinę i przyjaciół mogą nie przynieść oczekiwanych rezultatów 30. Ponieważ naukowcy nie są pewni, co dokładnie powoduje kolkę, nie ma sposobu, aby jej całkowicie zapobiec 31.

Jednak kluczowe zalecenia dla rodziców niemowląt z kolką lub zagrożonych kolką obejmują:

  • Trzymanie dziecka w pozycji pionowej podczas karmienia
  • Rozważenie eliminacji potencjalnych alergenów z diety matki karmiącej piersią
  • Rozważenie zmiany formuły mleka modyfikowanego na hydrolizowaną (po konsultacji z lekarzem)
  • Potencjalne zastosowanie probiotyków, szczególnie L. reuteri DSM 17938, szczególnie u niemowląt karmionych piersią (po konsultacji z lekarzem)
  • Stosowanie technik uspokajania, które wydają się działać najlepiej na konkretne dziecko

Jeśli niemowlę ma kolkę i rodzic czuje się przytłoczony, ważne jest, aby sięgnąć po pomoc do zaufanego przyjaciela, członka rodziny lub pracownika służby zdrowia 32. Wsparcie dla rodziców jest równie ważne jak opieka nad dzieckiem, ponieważ stres rodzicielski może dodatkowo wpływać na stan niemowlęcia.

Badania nad probiotykami i innymi metodami zapobiegania kolce niemowlęcej są obiecujące, ale konieczne są dalsze prace, aby opracować skuteczne, bezpieczne i oparte na dowodach naukowych strategie profilaktyczne dla tego powszechnego, ale frustrującego stanu klinicznego.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 13.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Infantile colic is a benign process in which an infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying for more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks. […] Parental support and reassurance are key components of the management of colic. […] Treatment options for breastfed infants include the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) and reducing maternal dietary allergen intake. […] Elimination of allergens (e.g., cow’s milk, eggs, fish, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, wheat) from the diet of breastfeeding mothers may relieve colic symptoms. […] Switching formula-fed infants to a hydrolyzed formula may improve colic symptoms. […] The probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) may reduce crying in breastfeeding infants with colic. […] A randomized controlled trial showed significant reductions in colic symptoms among breastfed infants whose mothers followed a low-allergen diet.
  • #2 Colic: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10823-colic
    Scientists arent sure what exactly causes colic, so theres no way to prevent it. […] If your baby has colic and you feel overwhelmed, reach out to a trusted friend, family member or healthcare provider for help.
  • #3 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #4 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #5 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #6 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #7 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Infantile colic is a benign process in which an infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying for more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks. […] Parental support and reassurance are key components of the management of colic. […] Treatment options for breastfed infants include the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) and reducing maternal dietary allergen intake. […] Elimination of allergens (e.g., cow’s milk, eggs, fish, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, wheat) from the diet of breastfeeding mothers may relieve colic symptoms. […] Switching formula-fed infants to a hydrolyzed formula may improve colic symptoms. […] The probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) may reduce crying in breastfeeding infants with colic. […] A randomized controlled trial showed significant reductions in colic symptoms among breastfed infants whose mothers followed a low-allergen diet.
  • #8 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Infantile colic is a benign process in which an infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying for more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks. […] Parental support and reassurance are key components of the management of colic. […] Treatment options for breastfed infants include the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) and reducing maternal dietary allergen intake. […] Elimination of allergens (e.g., cow’s milk, eggs, fish, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, wheat) from the diet of breastfeeding mothers may relieve colic symptoms. […] Switching formula-fed infants to a hydrolyzed formula may improve colic symptoms. […] The probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) may reduce crying in breastfeeding infants with colic. […] A randomized controlled trial showed significant reductions in colic symptoms among breastfed infants whose mothers followed a low-allergen diet.
  • #9 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Parents of formula-fed infants with colic often consider switching formulas. […] A systematic review of 13 studies found a statistically significant decrease in crying time among infants who switched to partially, extensively, or completely hydrolyzed formulas. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against the routine use of soy formula in the management of infantile colic, because soy can be an allergen. […] Physical therapies for colic include chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, massage, and acupuncture. […] A systematic review concluded that further research is required before recommending these treatments.
  • #10 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Parents of formula-fed infants with colic often consider switching formulas. […] A systematic review of 13 studies found a statistically significant decrease in crying time among infants who switched to partially, extensively, or completely hydrolyzed formulas. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against the routine use of soy formula in the management of infantile colic, because soy can be an allergen. […] Physical therapies for colic include chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, massage, and acupuncture. […] A systematic review concluded that further research is required before recommending these treatments.
  • #11 Colic – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colic/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371081
    The primary goals are to soothe the child as much as possible with a variety of interventions and ensure that parents have the support they need to cope. […] You may find it helpful to have a plan, a list of soothing strategies you can try. […] Changes in feeding practices may also provide some relief. […] If soothing or feeding practices aren’t reducing crying or irritability, your doctor may recommend a short-term trial of dietary changes. […] One factor that may contribute to colic is an imbalance of the helpful bacteria in an infant’s digestive tract. One treatment under investigation is the use of good bacteria (probiotics) to create an appropriate bacterial balance to improve overall digestive health. […] Several small studies have shown some benefits or mixed results for alternative treatments. There’s not enough evidence, however, to judge the potential benefit over the risks. […] Talk to your baby’s care provider before using an alternative medicine to treat your infant for colic.
  • #12 Preventing and Treating Colic – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30656551/
    Colic is a common and distressing functional gastrointestinal disorder during infancy. […] Probiotics may play a crucial part in the manipulation of the microbiota. Probiotic administration is likely to maintain intestinal homeostasis through the modulation of permeability and peristalsis, influencing the gut-brain axis and inhibiting hypersensitivity. This is a decisive field in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for infantile colic. […] to evaluate their application as a possible preventive strategy if administered early during infancy against the later development of pain-related FGIDs.
  • #13 Preventing and Treating Colic – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30656551/
    Colic is a common and distressing functional gastrointestinal disorder during infancy. […] Probiotics may play a crucial part in the manipulation of the microbiota. Probiotic administration is likely to maintain intestinal homeostasis through the modulation of permeability and peristalsis, influencing the gut-brain axis and inhibiting hypersensitivity. This is a decisive field in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for infantile colic. […] to evaluate their application as a possible preventive strategy if administered early during infancy against the later development of pain-related FGIDs.
  • #14 Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24424513/
    Prophylactic use of probiotic. […] Prophylactic use of L reuteri DSM 17938 during the first 3 months of life reduced the onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders and reduced private and public costs for the management of this condition. […] Reduction of daily crying time, regurgitation, and constipation during the first 3 months of life. […] The use of L reuteri DSM 17938 resulted in an estimated mean savings per patient of 88 (US $118.71) for the family and an additional 104 (US $140.30) for the community. […] Prophylactic use of probiotics ameliorates infantile colic. […] Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic.
  • #15 Colic Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Prevention
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/927760-treatment
    The largest prevention trial enrolled 589 infants, starting in their first week of life; they received L reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo for 90 days. A 50% reduction in crying time and regurgitation and more frequent bowel movements were noted in the L reuteri group compared with the placebo group. No differences in weight gain were noted, and no adverse events were related to the supplementation. The study concluded that L reuteri DSM 17938 at a dose of 108 colony-forming units per day reduced the onset of functional GI disorder, reduced private and public cost of care, and was well tolerated and safe.
  • #16 Colic Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Prevention
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/927760-treatment
    Probiotics have been studied to prevent colic. A systematic review identified six heterogeneous trials investigating probiotics, including Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, with conflicting results. One meta-analysis of three trials showed a similar incidence of colic in treated infants whereas another meta-analysis showed a benefit of reduced crying duration. Due to uncertain benefit of probiotic and uncertain safety of available products, routine probiotic administration is not recommended. […] Results on the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of colic are thus far inconclusive, based on three systematic reviews. Eight prevention and nine randomized, controlled trials using probiotics have been performed. Of these, six used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, nine used L reuteri, and two used Bifidobacterium Lactis as a probiotic. Of those using L reuteri, one prevention and six treatment trials showed consistent benefit in breast-fed babies. A meta-analysis of these studies found that infants treated with L reuteri had a reduced risk of crying time at 14 days and 21 days compared with placebo in breast-fed babies but not in formula-fed babies; the difference was less apparent at 4 weeks, and this was based on six studies that involved 423 infants. Further studies are needed before this can be recommended as a routine therapy for colic in infants due to a lack of clarity involving its mechanism of action and its effect on long-term health.
  • #17 Colic Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Prevention
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/927760-treatment
    Probiotics have been studied to prevent colic. A systematic review identified six heterogeneous trials investigating probiotics, including Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, with conflicting results. One meta-analysis of three trials showed a similar incidence of colic in treated infants whereas another meta-analysis showed a benefit of reduced crying duration. Due to uncertain benefit of probiotic and uncertain safety of available products, routine probiotic administration is not recommended. […] Results on the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of colic are thus far inconclusive, based on three systematic reviews. Eight prevention and nine randomized, controlled trials using probiotics have been performed. Of these, six used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, nine used L reuteri, and two used Bifidobacterium Lactis as a probiotic. Of those using L reuteri, one prevention and six treatment trials showed consistent benefit in breast-fed babies. A meta-analysis of these studies found that infants treated with L reuteri had a reduced risk of crying time at 14 days and 21 days compared with placebo in breast-fed babies but not in formula-fed babies; the difference was less apparent at 4 weeks, and this was based on six studies that involved 423 infants. Further studies are needed before this can be recommended as a routine therapy for colic in infants due to a lack of clarity involving its mechanism of action and its effect on long-term health.
  • #18 Colic Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Prevention
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/927760-treatment
    Probiotics have been studied to prevent colic. A systematic review identified six heterogeneous trials investigating probiotics, including Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, with conflicting results. One meta-analysis of three trials showed a similar incidence of colic in treated infants whereas another meta-analysis showed a benefit of reduced crying duration. Due to uncertain benefit of probiotic and uncertain safety of available products, routine probiotic administration is not recommended. […] Results on the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of colic are thus far inconclusive, based on three systematic reviews. Eight prevention and nine randomized, controlled trials using probiotics have been performed. Of these, six used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, nine used L reuteri, and two used Bifidobacterium Lactis as a probiotic. Of those using L reuteri, one prevention and six treatment trials showed consistent benefit in breast-fed babies. A meta-analysis of these studies found that infants treated with L reuteri had a reduced risk of crying time at 14 days and 21 days compared with placebo in breast-fed babies but not in formula-fed babies; the difference was less apparent at 4 weeks, and this was based on six studies that involved 423 infants. Further studies are needed before this can be recommended as a routine therapy for colic in infants due to a lack of clarity involving its mechanism of action and its effect on long-term health.
  • #19 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #20 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Infantile colic is a benign process in which an infant has paroxysms of inconsolable crying for more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks. […] Parental support and reassurance are key components of the management of colic. […] Treatment options for breastfed infants include the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) and reducing maternal dietary allergen intake. […] Elimination of allergens (e.g., cow’s milk, eggs, fish, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, wheat) from the diet of breastfeeding mothers may relieve colic symptoms. […] Switching formula-fed infants to a hydrolyzed formula may improve colic symptoms. […] The probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (strain DSM 17938) may reduce crying in breastfeeding infants with colic. […] A randomized controlled trial showed significant reductions in colic symptoms among breastfed infants whose mothers followed a low-allergen diet.
  • #21 Colic – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colic/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371081
    The primary goals are to soothe the child as much as possible with a variety of interventions and ensure that parents have the support they need to cope. […] You may find it helpful to have a plan, a list of soothing strategies you can try. […] Changes in feeding practices may also provide some relief. […] If soothing or feeding practices aren’t reducing crying or irritability, your doctor may recommend a short-term trial of dietary changes. […] One factor that may contribute to colic is an imbalance of the helpful bacteria in an infant’s digestive tract. One treatment under investigation is the use of good bacteria (probiotics) to create an appropriate bacterial balance to improve overall digestive health. […] Several small studies have shown some benefits or mixed results for alternative treatments. There’s not enough evidence, however, to judge the potential benefit over the risks. […] Talk to your baby’s care provider before using an alternative medicine to treat your infant for colic.
  • #22
    https://www.prevention.com/health/a20429093/12-ways-to-ease-your-babys-colic/
    Colicky babies cannot generally be quieted with feeding or a change of diaper, and episodes may last for several hours. […] Though none of the remedies offered below will cure colic, most have brought some relief to suffering parents and their babies, so you may want to give them a try. […] Some child-care specialists believe that colic is caused when cows milk is transmitted from mother to infant through breast milk. […] I recommend that mothers start by eliminating cows milk from their diets and see what happens, Graff-Radell says. […] Sometimes certain foods the mom eats can set off a bout of colic for a breastfeeding baby, says pediatrician John D. Rau, MD. […] I recommend holding and swaddling a colicky baby, Jonides says, or using a backpack to hold the baby so you have your arms free to do other things.
  • #23
    https://www.prevention.com/health/a20429093/12-ways-to-ease-your-babys-colic/
    The white noise of a vacuum cleaner or other appliances such as a dishwasher seems to calm a colicky baby, Rau says. […] A hot-water bottle or heating pad set on low and placed on the babys tummy sometimes helps, Jonides says. […] Swinging may quiet many babies at least long enough for you to get through dinner. […] Many infants will calm with a gentle massage of their tummy, legs, or back, Jonides says. […] Colic can be a frustrating part of early parenthood, since theres little that you can to do comfort your baby.
  • #24
    https://www.prevention.com/health/a20429093/12-ways-to-ease-your-babys-colic/
    The white noise of a vacuum cleaner or other appliances such as a dishwasher seems to calm a colicky baby, Rau says. […] A hot-water bottle or heating pad set on low and placed on the babys tummy sometimes helps, Jonides says. […] Swinging may quiet many babies at least long enough for you to get through dinner. […] Many infants will calm with a gentle massage of their tummy, legs, or back, Jonides says. […] Colic can be a frustrating part of early parenthood, since theres little that you can to do comfort your baby.
  • #25
    https://www.prevention.com/health/a20429093/12-ways-to-ease-your-babys-colic/
    The white noise of a vacuum cleaner or other appliances such as a dishwasher seems to calm a colicky baby, Rau says. […] A hot-water bottle or heating pad set on low and placed on the babys tummy sometimes helps, Jonides says. […] Swinging may quiet many babies at least long enough for you to get through dinner. […] Many infants will calm with a gentle massage of their tummy, legs, or back, Jonides says. […] Colic can be a frustrating part of early parenthood, since theres little that you can to do comfort your baby.
  • #26
    https://www.prevention.com/health/a20429093/12-ways-to-ease-your-babys-colic/
    The white noise of a vacuum cleaner or other appliances such as a dishwasher seems to calm a colicky baby, Rau says. […] A hot-water bottle or heating pad set on low and placed on the babys tummy sometimes helps, Jonides says. […] Swinging may quiet many babies at least long enough for you to get through dinner. […] Many infants will calm with a gentle massage of their tummy, legs, or back, Jonides says. […] Colic can be a frustrating part of early parenthood, since theres little that you can to do comfort your baby.
  • #27 Colic
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colic/
    Your baby does not usually need to see a doctor if they have colic. […] Speak to your health visitor for advice and support. There are things they’ll usually advise to help soothe your baby. […] Do not give your baby anti-colic drops, or herbal or probiotic supplements to help with colic there is little evidence these work. […] Do not try putting gentle pressure to your baby’s spine (spinal manipulation) or skull (cranial osteopathy) there is little evidence this works, and it may hurt your baby.
  • #28 Colic
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colic/
    Your baby does not usually need to see a doctor if they have colic. […] Speak to your health visitor for advice and support. There are things they’ll usually advise to help soothe your baby. […] Do not give your baby anti-colic drops, or herbal or probiotic supplements to help with colic there is little evidence these work. […] Do not try putting gentle pressure to your baby’s spine (spinal manipulation) or skull (cranial osteopathy) there is little evidence this works, and it may hurt your baby.
  • #29 Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1001/p577.html
    Parents of formula-fed infants with colic often consider switching formulas. […] A systematic review of 13 studies found a statistically significant decrease in crying time among infants who switched to partially, extensively, or completely hydrolyzed formulas. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against the routine use of soy formula in the management of infantile colic, because soy can be an allergen. […] Physical therapies for colic include chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, massage, and acupuncture. […] A systematic review concluded that further research is required before recommending these treatments.
  • #30 Azthena logo with the word Azthena
    https://www.news-medical.net/health/Colic-Prevention.aspx
    Colic is thought to be due to swallowed air, so holding the baby in an upright position when feeding may help to reduce the amount of air swallowed. […] Burping has always been a standard recommendation in the prevention of colic, though there is no evidence to show that it works. […] Some food ingredients which pass into breast milk may cause colic in the infant, such as spices, caffeine, or alcohol. […] Removing all dairy products from the diet may work. […] Avoiding chocolate is another measure which is sometimes advised. […] Administering lactase drops may help avert colic if the baby has transient lactose intolerance hindering the complete digestion of milk. […] No single measure has been yet shown to prevent colic in infants, and infallible recipes passed down by family and friends may not fare any better.
  • #31 Colic in Babies: Possible Causes, Remedies, and Tips
    https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/what-is-colic
    Colic Prevention […] Since no one really knows why babies get colic, there’s no way to prevent it. You can try to take steps to help your baby feel safe and secure. But even when you do everything right, your baby can still have colic.
  • #32 Colic: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10823-colic
    Scientists arent sure what exactly causes colic, so theres no way to prevent it. […] If your baby has colic and you feel overwhelmed, reach out to a trusted friend, family member or healthcare provider for help.