Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  Hypoglycemia is often defined by a plasma glucose concentration below 70 mg/dL; however, signs and symptoms may not occur until plasma glucose concentrations drop below 55 mg/dL. […] In patients who do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia is uncommon. Still, when it occurs, there are a few major causes of hypoglycemia: pharmacologic, alcohol, critical illness, counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies, and non-islet cell tumors. […] Most hypoglycemia cases occur in patients with diabetes who are undergoing therapeutic intervention with meglitinides, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Drugs are the most common cause of hypoglycemia. […] Alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis in the body but does not affect glycogenolysis. Thus, hypoglycemia occurs after several days of alcohol consumption and after glycogen stores are depleted.

• #2 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia, also spelled hypoglycaemia or hypoglycmia, sometimes called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). […] The most common cause of hypoglycemia is medications used to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanides. […] Other causes of hypoglycemia include severe illness, sepsis, kidney failure, liver disease, hormone deficiency, tumors such as insulinomas or non-B cell tumors, inborn errors of metabolism, and several medications. […] Hypoglycemia is most common in those with diabetes treated by insulin, glinides, and sulfonylureas. […] Hypoglycemia is rare in those without diabetes, because there are many regulatory mechanisms in place to appropriately balance glucose, insulin, and glucagon.

• #3 Non-diabetic hypoglycaemia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/509

  Non-diabetic hypoglycaemia may commonly present with symptoms such as nausea, confusion, tremor, sweating, palpitations, or hunger. […] Important causes to consider are iatrogenic or factitious hypoglycaemia secondary to insulin or sulfonylurea use. Another common cause may be physiological reactive hypoglycaemia. However, the most worrisome causes are insulinoma and tumour-related hypoglycaemia. […] Hypoglycaemia is a clinical syndrome present when the blood glucose concentration falls below the normal fasting glucose range, generally 3.3 mmol/L (60 mg/dL). […] Whipple’s triad should be present in cases of true hypoglycaemia: hypoglycaemic symptoms, accompanying low blood glucose concentration, and resolution of symptoms after raising the blood glucose concentration to normal. […] Risk factors include ethanol consumption, bariatric surgery, liver failure, renal failure, intense exercise, insulinoma, adrenal insufficiency, growth hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism, sepsis, glycogen storage diseases, anorexia nervosa, malnutrition, exogenous insulin, ackee fruit ingestion, haloperidol exposure, quinine exposure, fluoroquinolone exposure, sulfonylurea exposure, disopyramide exposure, beta-adrenergic-blocking agent exposure, salicylate exposure, tramadol exposure, proton pump inhibitor exposure. […] Preferred treatment for an insulinoma is surgical excision.

• #4 Recurrent Hypoglycemia: When Diabetes Is Not the Cause

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/recurrent-hypoglycemia-when-diabetes-not-cause

  However, persistent, unexplained hypoglycemia can indicate a potentially grave, often treatable, underlying disorder, such as insulinoma, or adrenal or pituitary insufficiency. […] Medication errors are another cause of unexplained hypoglycemia. […] The potentially life-threatening consequences of sudden, unexpected hypoglycemia may endanger not only the affected person but others as well (eg, hypoglycemia in a driver of a motor vehicle). […] Hypoglycemia may be defined as a clinical syndrome in which low serum glucose levels lead to symptoms and signs of neuroglycopenia (eg, an altered sensorium and seizures) and sympathoadrenal activation. […] The Whipple triad summarizes the minimum criteria required for a true hypoglycemic disorder: Symptoms and signs consistent with hypoglycemia. A documented low serum glucose level at the time of the symptoms and signs. Resolution of symptoms and signs with correction of the hypoglycemia.

• #5 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia occurs when your blood sugar (glucose) level falls too low for bodily functions to continue. There are several reasons why this can happen. The most common reason for low blood sugar is a side effect of medications used to treat diabetes. […] If you have diabetes, you might not make insulin (type 1 diabetes) or you might be less responsive to it (type 2 diabetes). As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream and can reach dangerously high levels. To correct this problem, you might take insulin or other medications to lower blood sugar levels. […] But too much insulin or other diabetes medications may cause your blood sugar level to drop too much, causing hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can also occur if you eat less than usual after taking your regular dose of diabetes medication, or if you exercise more than you typically do.

• #6 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #7 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. […] Low blood sugar usually affects people with diabetes who take insulin or some other diabetes medicines. It’s rare in people without diabetes. […] Diabetes causes high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes medicines treat your condition by lowering your blood sugar, but they can sometimes make it go too low. […] This is common if you take insulin. It can also happen with some other diabetes medicines, such as gliclazide and glimepiride. […] You’re more likely to get low blood sugar if you: take too much insulin; have problems with the way you inject insulin, such as injecting in the same place too often; miss or delay meals, or do not eat enough carbohydrate; do a lot of exercise without eating more carbohydrate or reducing your insulin dose; drink a lot of alcohol, particularly without eating. […] It’s rare to get low blood sugar if you do not have diabetes. It can sometimes be caused by conditions including: malnutrition; Addison’s disease; a growth (tumour) in your pancreas.

• #8 Diabetic hypoglycemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525

  Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn’t have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. […] Low blood sugar is most common among people who take insulin, but it can also occur if you’re taking certain oral diabetes medications. […] Common causes of diabetic hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, Not eating enough, Postponing or skipping a meal or snack, Increasing exercise or physical activity without eating more or adjusting your medications, Drinking alcohol. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia. […] Your blood sugar can also drop too low if, after taking your diabetes medication, you eat less than usual, or if you exercise more than you typically do, which uses extra glucose.

• #9 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. […] Low blood sugar usually affects people with diabetes who take insulin or some other diabetes medicines. It’s rare in people without diabetes. […] Diabetes causes high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes medicines treat your condition by lowering your blood sugar, but they can sometimes make it go too low. […] This is common if you take insulin. It can also happen with some other diabetes medicines, such as gliclazide and glimepiride. […] You’re more likely to get low blood sugar if you: take too much insulin; have problems with the way you inject insulin, such as injecting in the same place too often; miss or delay meals, or do not eat enough carbohydrate; do a lot of exercise without eating more carbohydrate or reducing your insulin dose; drink a lot of alcohol, particularly without eating. […] It’s rare to get low blood sugar if you do not have diabetes. It can sometimes be caused by conditions including: malnutrition; Addison’s disease; a growth (tumour) in your pancreas.

• #10 Diabetic hypoglycemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525

  Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn’t have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. […] Low blood sugar is most common among people who take insulin, but it can also occur if you’re taking certain oral diabetes medications. […] Common causes of diabetic hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, Not eating enough, Postponing or skipping a meal or snack, Increasing exercise or physical activity without eating more or adjusting your medications, Drinking alcohol. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia. […] Your blood sugar can also drop too low if, after taking your diabetes medication, you eat less than usual, or if you exercise more than you typically do, which uses extra glucose.

• #11 Causes and How to Prevent Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Glucose) | American Diabetes Association

  https://diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/hypoglycemia-low-blood-glucose/causes-prevention

  Hypoglycemia (or low blood glucose) is common for people with type 1 diabetes. It also can occur in people with type 2 diabetes taking insulin or certain diabetes medications. […] Too much insulin or certain diabetes medications is a common cause of low blood glucose. Miscalculating for how many carbs you’ve eating can lead to giving too much insulin, resulting in a low. […] What you eat or drink can has a big impact on your glucose levels. Sometimes, it can lead to a low when the following occurs. […] Physical activity and exercise can lower your blood glucose. Also, more intense physical activity or exercise than usual can make your body more sensitive to insulin and lower your blood glucose levels after you’re done. […] Your best bet is to keep your blood glucose in your target range. Keep track of your personal symptoms you feel when go low. If you start to recognize those feelings, you can act faster to treat your low glucose before it drops lower. […] Studies consistently show that the more a person checks blood glucose, the lower their risk of low blood glucose.

• #12 Diabetic hypoglycemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525

  Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn’t have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. […] Low blood sugar is most common among people who take insulin, but it can also occur if you’re taking certain oral diabetes medications. […] Common causes of diabetic hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, Not eating enough, Postponing or skipping a meal or snack, Increasing exercise or physical activity without eating more or adjusting your medications, Drinking alcohol. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia. […] Your blood sugar can also drop too low if, after taking your diabetes medication, you eat less than usual, or if you exercise more than you typically do, which uses extra glucose.

• #13 Patient education: Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) in people with diabetes (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypoglycemia-low-blood-glucose-in-people-with-diabetes-beyond-the-basics/print

  Hypoglycemia is the medical term for low blood glucose (blood sugar). People with type 1 diabetes who take insulin to manage their blood glucose levels are at risk for getting hypoglycemia. People with type 2 diabetes who take insulin and/or certain other medications (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinides) can also develop hypoglycemia, although this is generally less common. The frequency of hypoglycemia among people with longstanding type 2 diabetes increases over time, as the body eventually stops making enough insulin. […] Low blood glucose can happen if you: […] Take too much insulin […] Take too much of oral diabetes medications that cause your body to release more insulin (eg, sulfonylureas, meglitinides) […] Do not eat enough food […] Exercise vigorously without eating a snack or decreasing your insulin dose beforehand […] Wait too long between meals […] Drink a lot of alcohol.

• #14 Diabetic hypoglycemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525

  Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn’t have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. […] Low blood sugar is most common among people who take insulin, but it can also occur if you’re taking certain oral diabetes medications. […] Common causes of diabetic hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, Not eating enough, Postponing or skipping a meal or snack, Increasing exercise or physical activity without eating more or adjusting your medications, Drinking alcohol. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia. […] Your blood sugar can also drop too low if, after taking your diabetes medication, you eat less than usual, or if you exercise more than you typically do, which uses extra glucose.

• #15 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #16 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #17 Avoiding Nighttime Hypoglycemia | Joslin Diabetes Center

  https://joslin.org/news-stories/all-news-stories/education/2020/03/avoiding-nighttime-hypoglycemia

  Nighttime hypoglycemia can be the result of a number of factors in people with diabetes. It is important to learn what causes hypoglycemia (low glucose) in order to prevent it from happening. […] Having an active day or exercising close to bedtime with diabetes can lower glucose and cause hypoglycemic during sleep or overnight. Other factors that can put you at risk for nighttime hypoglycemia are too much basal (background) insulin or consuming alcohol in the evening. While your liver is busy clearing the alcohol from your blood it stops producing glucose putting one at risk for having a lower glucose level. […] Some people forget that their premeal (fast-acting) insulin can last for up to five to six hours. If you eat a late dinner and go to sleep a few hours later, your glucose may be okay before going to bed. However, since the insulin you took for dinner is still working in your body, your glucose could drop during the night.

• #18 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. […] Low blood sugar usually affects people with diabetes who take insulin or some other diabetes medicines. It’s rare in people without diabetes. […] Diabetes causes high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes medicines treat your condition by lowering your blood sugar, but they can sometimes make it go too low. […] This is common if you take insulin. It can also happen with some other diabetes medicines, such as gliclazide and glimepiride. […] You’re more likely to get low blood sugar if you: take too much insulin; have problems with the way you inject insulin, such as injecting in the same place too often; miss or delay meals, or do not eat enough carbohydrate; do a lot of exercise without eating more carbohydrate or reducing your insulin dose; drink a lot of alcohol, particularly without eating. […] It’s rare to get low blood sugar if you do not have diabetes. It can sometimes be caused by conditions including: malnutrition; Addison’s disease; a growth (tumour) in your pancreas.

• #19 Diabetic hypoglycemia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371525

  Diabetic hypoglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes doesn’t have enough sugar (glucose) in his or her blood. […] Low blood sugar is most common among people who take insulin, but it can also occur if you’re taking certain oral diabetes medications. […] Common causes of diabetic hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin or diabetes medication, Not eating enough, Postponing or skipping a meal or snack, Increasing exercise or physical activity without eating more or adjusting your medications, Drinking alcohol. […] If you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and need insulin to control your blood sugar, taking more insulin than you need can cause your blood sugar level to drop too low and result in hypoglycemia. […] Your blood sugar can also drop too low if, after taking your diabetes medication, you eat less than usual, or if you exercise more than you typically do, which uses extra glucose.

• #20 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  If you have diabetes, however, and you exercise without eating, exercise more than you normally do, or you delay your meal, you may become hypoglycemic. […] Taking too much insulin or oral diabetes medication can cause hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking insulin or an oral diabetes medication, drinking alcohol can cause hypoglycemia. […] Losing weight can make you more sensitive to insulin, resulting in needing less or no medication. […] It’s important to realize that the tighter your glucose control, the higher your risk of hypoglycemia, especially early in treatment. […] One complication of diabetes is kidney disease, which can result in your kidneys taking longer to clear insulin from your system. This can potentially result in hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia is a rare condition in people without diabetes. If you don’t have diabetes and you develop hypoglycemia, this indicates that something else is going on in your body.

• #21 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #22 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) – Breakthrough T1D

  https://www.breakthrought1d.org/t1d-basics/symptoms/low-blood-sugar/

  When you have too little sugar in your blood, it is called low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. […] Common causes of hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin, A mismatch between the carbs eaten and the amount of insulin you take, Timing of the insulin dose, Physical activity. […] Sometimes, hypoglycemia is caused by things you cannot control, including: Hot and humid weather, Interruptions in usual schedule, High altitude, Going through puberty, Having your menstrual period. […] Glucagon is generally used when a person with T1D is experiencing a severely low glucose level and is unable to swallow to treat with rapid-acting carbohydrates (e.g., juice), unconscious, or having a hypoglycemic seizure.

• #23 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #24 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #25 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #26 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) – Breakthrough T1D

  https://www.breakthrought1d.org/t1d-basics/symptoms/low-blood-sugar/

  When you have too little sugar in your blood, it is called low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. […] Common causes of hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin, A mismatch between the carbs eaten and the amount of insulin you take, Timing of the insulin dose, Physical activity. […] Sometimes, hypoglycemia is caused by things you cannot control, including: Hot and humid weather, Interruptions in usual schedule, High altitude, Going through puberty, Having your menstrual period. […] Glucagon is generally used when a person with T1D is experiencing a severely low glucose level and is unable to swallow to treat with rapid-acting carbohydrates (e.g., juice), unconscious, or having a hypoglycemic seizure.

• #27 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar can be dangerous if left untreated. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL is considered low. […] Low blood sugar is especially common in people with type 1 diabetes. […] Knowing how to spot low blood sugar is important because it can be dangerous if left untreated. […] There are many reasons why you may have low blood sugar, including: Taking too much insulin. […] Not eating enough carbohydrates for how much insulin you take. […] Timing of when you take your insulin. […] The amount and timing of physical activity. […] Drinking alcohol. […] How much fat, protein, and fiber are in your meal. […] Hot and humid weather. […] Unexpected changes in your schedule. […] Spending time at a high altitude. […] Going through puberty. […] Having your period (menstruation).

• #28 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) – Breakthrough T1D

  https://www.breakthrought1d.org/t1d-basics/symptoms/low-blood-sugar/

  When you have too little sugar in your blood, it is called low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. […] Common causes of hypoglycemia include: Taking too much insulin, A mismatch between the carbs eaten and the amount of insulin you take, Timing of the insulin dose, Physical activity. […] Sometimes, hypoglycemia is caused by things you cannot control, including: Hot and humid weather, Interruptions in usual schedule, High altitude, Going through puberty, Having your menstrual period. […] Glucagon is generally used when a person with T1D is experiencing a severely low glucose level and is unable to swallow to treat with rapid-acting carbohydrates (e.g., juice), unconscious, or having a hypoglycemic seizure.

• #29 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia can be a condition by itself. Or it can be a complication of diabetes or other disorder. Its most often a problem in someone with diabetes. It occurs when theres too much insulin. This is also called an insulin reaction. […] Causes in children with diabetes may include: Too much insulin or oral diabetes medicine. The wrong kind of insulin. Incorrect blood-glucose readings. A missed meal. A delayed meal. Not enough food eaten for the amount of insulin taken. More exercise than usual. Diarrhea or vomiting. Injury, illness, infection, or emotional stress. Other health problems, such as celiac disease or an adrenal problem. Taking diabetes medicine called sulfonylurea. Problems present at birth (congenital) with how the body processes glucose and starches. Rare genetic disorders.

• #30 What is hypoglycaemia? | Signs and symptoms | Diabetes UK

  https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-diabetes/looking-after-diabetes/complications/hypos

  A hypo, also called hypoglycaemia, can happen quickly. […] Hypos can happen if the balance of food you eat, physical activity you do and diabetes medication you take, especially insulin, sometimes isn’t right. […] We dont always know why hypos happen, but some things make them more likely. These include: missing or delaying a meal or snack, not having enough carbohydrate at your last meal, doing a lot of exercise without having extra carbohydrate or without reducing your insulin dose (if you take insulin), taking more insulin (or certain diabetes medication) than you needed, drinking alcohol, being unwell, experiencing stress or anxiety, extreme changes in weather. […] Insulin and some other diabetes medications can make you more likely to have a hypo. […] If you keep getting low blood sugar levels, talk to your diabetes care team about things you can do to help prevent it. […] It’s important that your family and friends know what to do if you have a severe hypo and become unconscious. […] Low blood sugar levels can happen at night, so its a good idea to keep hypo treatments by your bed just in case.

• #31 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia can be a condition by itself. Or it can be a complication of diabetes or other disorder. Its most often a problem in someone with diabetes. It occurs when theres too much insulin. This is also called an insulin reaction. […] Causes in children with diabetes may include: Too much insulin or oral diabetes medicine. The wrong kind of insulin. Incorrect blood-glucose readings. A missed meal. A delayed meal. Not enough food eaten for the amount of insulin taken. More exercise than usual. Diarrhea or vomiting. Injury, illness, infection, or emotional stress. Other health problems, such as celiac disease or an adrenal problem. Taking diabetes medicine called sulfonylurea. Problems present at birth (congenital) with how the body processes glucose and starches. Rare genetic disorders.

• #32 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  If you have diabetes, however, and you exercise without eating, exercise more than you normally do, or you delay your meal, you may become hypoglycemic. […] Taking too much insulin or oral diabetes medication can cause hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking insulin or an oral diabetes medication, drinking alcohol can cause hypoglycemia. […] Losing weight can make you more sensitive to insulin, resulting in needing less or no medication. […] It’s important to realize that the tighter your glucose control, the higher your risk of hypoglycemia, especially early in treatment. […] One complication of diabetes is kidney disease, which can result in your kidneys taking longer to clear insulin from your system. This can potentially result in hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia is a rare condition in people without diabetes. If you don’t have diabetes and you develop hypoglycemia, this indicates that something else is going on in your body.

• #33 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar

  Hypoglycemia happens when the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops below the range thats healthy for you. […] Hypoglycemia can develop if things like food, exercise and diabetes medications are out of balance. […] Common situations that can lead to hypoglycemia for people with diabetes include: Taking too much insulin, the wrong insulin or injecting it into your muscle instead of in your fat tissue. […] There are two main types of non-diabetes-related hypoglycemia: reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia happens when you experience low blood sugar after a meal. […] Researchers dont yet know the exact cause. But they think it happens due to a sudden spike and then fall in blood sugar after eating certain foods, especially simple carbohydrate foods like white rice, potatoes, white bread, cake and pastries.

• #34 Hypoglycemia | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypoglycemia

  There are two kinds of non-diabetic hypoglycemia, reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia occurs after eating, usually after high carbohydrate meals or snacks. […] Fasting hypoglycemia occurs overnight when not eating or when there is too much time between meals. […] Serious illnesses, such as those affecting the liver, heart, or kidneys can cause low glucose. […] Treatment depends on the cause of hypoglycemia.

• #35 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  Hypoglycemia is a condition caused by low blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. […] The condition is most common in people with diabetes who have issues with medicine, food, or exercise. But sometimes people who don’t have diabetes can also get low blood sugar. […] There are two kinds of nondiabetic hypoglycemia: Reactive hypoglycemia, which happens a few hours after you eat a meal, and Fasting hypoglycemia, which might be linked to medicine or a disease. […] Usually, low blood sugar affects people with diabetes. But there are some reasons that you could have it without diabetes, including: Certain medications, some diseases, malnutrition, drinking too much alcohol, some cancers, and hormone issues. […] Reactive hypoglycemia is when you have low blood sugar within 2-4 hours after eating.

• #36 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia develops when the level of blood glucose drops below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) in diabetic people and below 55 mg/dL or 3.1 mmol/L for non-diabetics. […] For people with diabetes, these circumstances can lead to hypoglycemia. […] For people without diabetes, Non-diabetes-related hypoglycemia is of two types: reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia typically occurs approximately 2 – 4 hours after eating a meal of simple carbohydrates, which are rapidly broken down and absorbed, such as white rice, potatoes, white bread, cake, and pastries. […] Fasting hypoglycemia. Usually, the body has glucose storage as glycogen, so fasting does not cause hypoglycemia. Under certain circumstances fasting can lead to hypoglycemia as follows:

• #37 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar

  Hypoglycemia happens when the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops below the range thats healthy for you. […] Hypoglycemia can develop if things like food, exercise and diabetes medications are out of balance. […] Common situations that can lead to hypoglycemia for people with diabetes include: Taking too much insulin, the wrong insulin or injecting it into your muscle instead of in your fat tissue. […] There are two main types of non-diabetes-related hypoglycemia: reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia happens when you experience low blood sugar after a meal. […] Researchers dont yet know the exact cause. But they think it happens due to a sudden spike and then fall in blood sugar after eating certain foods, especially simple carbohydrate foods like white rice, potatoes, white bread, cake and pastries.

• #38 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar

  Hypoglycemia happens when the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops below the range thats healthy for you. […] Hypoglycemia can develop if things like food, exercise and diabetes medications are out of balance. […] Common situations that can lead to hypoglycemia for people with diabetes include: Taking too much insulin, the wrong insulin or injecting it into your muscle instead of in your fat tissue. […] There are two main types of non-diabetes-related hypoglycemia: reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia happens when you experience low blood sugar after a meal. […] Researchers dont yet know the exact cause. But they think it happens due to a sudden spike and then fall in blood sugar after eating certain foods, especially simple carbohydrate foods like white rice, potatoes, white bread, cake and pastries.

• #39 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia develops when the level of blood glucose drops below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) in diabetic people and below 55 mg/dL or 3.1 mmol/L for non-diabetics. […] For people with diabetes, these circumstances can lead to hypoglycemia. […] For people without diabetes, Non-diabetes-related hypoglycemia is of two types: reactive hypoglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. […] Reactive hypoglycemia typically occurs approximately 2 – 4 hours after eating a meal of simple carbohydrates, which are rapidly broken down and absorbed, such as white rice, potatoes, white bread, cake, and pastries. […] Fasting hypoglycemia. Usually, the body has glucose storage as glycogen, so fasting does not cause hypoglycemia. Under certain circumstances fasting can lead to hypoglycemia as follows:

• #40 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar) – Overview – Sugar.Fit

  https://www.sugarfit.com/blog/hypoglycemia/

  Causes Of Reactive Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar that happens a few hours after a meal is called reactive hypoglycemia. It occurs when a person’s blood levels of insulin are too high at the incorrect moment. These are the possible causes of reactive hypoglycemia: Possessing rare enzyme deficiencies, which can make it difficult for the stomach and intestines to break down food. Having prediabetes, which can make it difficult for the pancreas to produce the right amount of insulin. Also know about prediabetes diet. Having had stomach surgery, which can cause food to pass through the stomach and into the intestines too quickly. […] Causes of Fasting Hypoglycemia: Several factors may contribute to fasting hypoglycemia: medications such as sulfa medicines and aspirin, consumption of alcohol in excess, liver, kidney, heart, and pancreatic conditions, hormone levels that are too low, specific tumors.

• #41 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes? Other Causes of Low Blood Sugar

  https://greatist.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  You can have low blood sugar every now and then, even if you dont have diabetes. If it happens a lot, its time to see your doctor. Prediabetes or other medical issues could be the cause. […] If this happens often, though, it could be a sign of hypoglycemia without diabetes mellitus. […] Two forms of hypoglycemia can affect someone without diabetes: Fasting hypoglycemia is often triggered by medications or by drinking a lot of alcohol in a short time. […] Reactive hypoglycemia happens when your blood sugar plummets within a few hours after you eat a meal. It can be a warning sign that youre at risk for type 2 diabetes. […] Hypoglycemia without diabetes happens when your body cant stabilize your blood sugar. […] It can also be related to prediabetes, a condition in which sugar starts to accumulate in your bloodstream and insulin production becomes off-kilter with your blood sugar level and then swings too low.

• #42 Hypoglycaemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.mediclinic.co.za/en/infohub-corporate/conditions/hypoglycaemia.html

  Hypoglycaemia means low blood sugar. […] A complication of diabetes is the most common cause of hypoglycaemia, namely when a diabetic takes too much oral medication, too much insulin, misses or delays meals, miscalculates the amount of food needed for the amount of insulin administered, takes too much exercise or drinks alcohol. […] Other causes include: Drug-induced hypoglycaemia, intentional overdose of insulin or other medicine used to lower blood glucose alcohol and quinine (used in some antimalarial drugs) can lead to hypoglycaemia, pre-diabetes, liver disease, surgical removal of the stomach, tumours that release too much insulin (insulinoma), high fevers. […] Fasting hypoglycaemia occurs when the stomach is empty, usually in the early morning upon awakening. […] Hereditary enzyme or hormone deficiencies, liver disease and tumours that produce insulin can cause fasting hypoglycaemia. […] This form of hypoglycaemia, which occurs after a meal, is common in patients whose stomach has been surgically removed. […] Reactive hypoglycaemia sometimes occurs in patients who have not had their stomach removed surgically and do not have a family history of diabetes.

• #43 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #44 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar) – Overview – Sugar.Fit

  https://www.sugarfit.com/blog/hypoglycemia/

  Causes Of Reactive Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar that happens a few hours after a meal is called reactive hypoglycemia. It occurs when a person’s blood levels of insulin are too high at the incorrect moment. These are the possible causes of reactive hypoglycemia: Possessing rare enzyme deficiencies, which can make it difficult for the stomach and intestines to break down food. Having prediabetes, which can make it difficult for the pancreas to produce the right amount of insulin. Also know about prediabetes diet. Having had stomach surgery, which can cause food to pass through the stomach and into the intestines too quickly. […] Causes of Fasting Hypoglycemia: Several factors may contribute to fasting hypoglycemia: medications such as sulfa medicines and aspirin, consumption of alcohol in excess, liver, kidney, heart, and pancreatic conditions, hormone levels that are too low, specific tumors.

• #45 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #46 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #47 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  For example, in critical illness states, end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or renal failure, glucose utilization exceeds glucose intake, glycogenolysis, or gluconeogenesis. This imbalance can potentially cause hypoglycemia. […] Counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies can occur in states of adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemia associated with such deficiencies is rare. Non-islet cell tumors may also cause hypoglycemia by increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) secretion. […] Insulinomas are hyperfunctioning islet cell tumors associated with increased insulin secretion. They can be life-threatening and primarily manifest with fasting morning hypoglycemia.

• #48 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #49 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  Hypoglycemia is often defined by a plasma glucose concentration below 70 mg/dL; however, signs and symptoms may not occur until plasma glucose concentrations drop below 55 mg/dL. […] In patients who do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia is uncommon. Still, when it occurs, there are a few major causes of hypoglycemia: pharmacologic, alcohol, critical illness, counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies, and non-islet cell tumors. […] Most hypoglycemia cases occur in patients with diabetes who are undergoing therapeutic intervention with meglitinides, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Drugs are the most common cause of hypoglycemia. […] Alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis in the body but does not affect glycogenolysis. Thus, hypoglycemia occurs after several days of alcohol consumption and after glycogen stores are depleted.

• #50 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #51 Hypoglycemia without diabetes: Causes, treatment, and diet

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322744

  Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. Treatments focus on returning blood sugar to safe levels. […] In people without diabetes, hypoglycemia can result from the body producing too much insulin after a meal, causing blood sugar levels to drop. This is called reactive hypoglycemia. […] Other health issues can also cause hypoglycemia, including drinking too much alcohol. […] Hypoglycemia can also be a side effect of certain antibiotics. […] A person with the eating disorder anorexia may not be consuming enough food for their body to produce sufficient glucose. […] Having hepatitis can prevent the liver from working properly. […] Problems with the pituitary gland or adrenal glands can cause hypoglycemia because these parts of the body affect the hormones that control glucose production. […] If a person has a problem with their kidneys, medication can build up in their bloodstream. […] Pancreatic tumors are rare, but having one can lead to hypoglycemia.

• #52 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #53 Hypoglycemia • LITFL • CCC Differential Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/hypoglycemia/

  Pituitary insufficiency […] Post-prandial hypoglycemia (e.g. late dumping after gastric surgery) […] Liver disease (e.g hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis and rare genetic defects) […] Addisons disease […] Islet cell tumours (e.g. insulinomas) […] Immune hypoglycemia (e.g. anti-insulin receptor antibodies in Hodgkins disease or anti-insulin antibodies that release insulin when insulin levels are relatively low) […] Infection (e.g. severe sepsis, malaria) […] Non-pancreatic neoplasms (e.g fibromas, sarcomas, mesotheliomas, and small cell carcinomas that produce IGF-2; extensive metastases that overwhelm the bodys ability to produce glucose) […] Nesidioblastosis or noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (NIPH) syndrome (islet cell hyperplasia, which can be congenital or acquired, e.g. post-gastric surgery) […] Starvation and malnutrition […] Hypothyroidism (myxoedema coma).

• #54 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  For example, in critical illness states, end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or renal failure, glucose utilization exceeds glucose intake, glycogenolysis, or gluconeogenesis. This imbalance can potentially cause hypoglycemia. […] Counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies can occur in states of adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemia associated with such deficiencies is rare. Non-islet cell tumors may also cause hypoglycemia by increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) secretion. […] Insulinomas are hyperfunctioning islet cell tumors associated with increased insulin secretion. They can be life-threatening and primarily manifest with fasting morning hypoglycemia.

• #55 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/hypoglycemia

  Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol interferes with gluconeogenesis, a process whereby the body produces new glucose. […] Critical illness: Conditions like end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or kidney failure can deplete stored glucose faster than the body can generate new glucose from food. […] Adrenal insufficiency: It can cause insufficient cortisol production, contributing to episodes of hypoglycemia. […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH): NICTH tumors release excess insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), a hormone with insulin-like effects, causing low blood sugar. […] Insulinoma: Insulinoma is a tumor in the pancreas that produces excessive insulin, causing hypoglycemia commonly occurring in the early morning. […] Certain medications: Medications such as beta-blockers and certain antibiotics can induce hypoglycemia.

• #56 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. […] Low blood sugar usually affects people with diabetes who take insulin or some other diabetes medicines. It’s rare in people without diabetes. […] Diabetes causes high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes medicines treat your condition by lowering your blood sugar, but they can sometimes make it go too low. […] This is common if you take insulin. It can also happen with some other diabetes medicines, such as gliclazide and glimepiride. […] You’re more likely to get low blood sugar if you: take too much insulin; have problems with the way you inject insulin, such as injecting in the same place too often; miss or delay meals, or do not eat enough carbohydrate; do a lot of exercise without eating more carbohydrate or reducing your insulin dose; drink a lot of alcohol, particularly without eating. […] It’s rare to get low blood sugar if you do not have diabetes. It can sometimes be caused by conditions including: malnutrition; Addison’s disease; a growth (tumour) in your pancreas.

• #57 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar

  For the majority of people without diabetes, not eating food for a long time (fasting) doesnt lead to hypoglycemia. […] However, certain conditions and situations can lead to fasting hypoglycemia in people without diabetes, including: Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol prevents your body from forming new glucose cells (gluconeogenesis). […] Adrenal insufficiency causes lower-than-normal cortisol levels. […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare but serious syndrome in which a tumor releases excess insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2). […] An insulinoma is a rare tumor in your pancreas that produces excess insulin.

• #58 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  Children with primary adrenal failure, also called Addison’s disease, may experience hypoglycemia after long periods of fasting. […] Hypopituitarism, leading to decreased growth hormone, is another cause of hypoglycemia in children, particularly with long periods of fasting or increased exercise. […] Inborn errors of metabolism may cause infant hypoglycemia, and much less commonly adult hypoglycemia. […] A primary B-cell tumor, such as an insulinoma, is associated with hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia may occur in people with non-B cell tumors such as hepatomas, adrenocorticoid carcinomas, and carcinoid tumors.

• #59 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  Hypoglycemia can be caused by certain medications, especially in children or people with kidney failure. […] If you don’t eat enough or don’t eat at all and you drink an excessive amount of alcohol, especially over the course of a few days, you may become hypoglycemic. […] Kidney disorders, severe hepatitis, long-term anorexia, malaria, and sepsis (a complication of getting an infection) are all illnesses that can potentially cause hypoglycemia. […] Adrenal disorders such as Addison’s disease and certain pituitary disorders can cause hypoglycemia, as well as not having enough growth hormone in children. […] Some people have an overproduction of insulin that can cause hypoglycemia. Certain tumors may cause this overproduction, as can enlarged and more numerous beta cells in the pancreas.

• #60 Hypoglycemia • LITFL • CCC Differential Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/hypoglycemia/

  Pituitary insufficiency […] Post-prandial hypoglycemia (e.g. late dumping after gastric surgery) […] Liver disease (e.g hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis and rare genetic defects) […] Addisons disease […] Islet cell tumours (e.g. insulinomas) […] Immune hypoglycemia (e.g. anti-insulin receptor antibodies in Hodgkins disease or anti-insulin antibodies that release insulin when insulin levels are relatively low) […] Infection (e.g. severe sepsis, malaria) […] Non-pancreatic neoplasms (e.g fibromas, sarcomas, mesotheliomas, and small cell carcinomas that produce IGF-2; extensive metastases that overwhelm the bodys ability to produce glucose) […] Nesidioblastosis or noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (NIPH) syndrome (islet cell hyperplasia, which can be congenital or acquired, e.g. post-gastric surgery) […] Starvation and malnutrition […] Hypothyroidism (myxoedema coma).

• #61 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  For example, in critical illness states, end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or renal failure, glucose utilization exceeds glucose intake, glycogenolysis, or gluconeogenesis. This imbalance can potentially cause hypoglycemia. […] Counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies can occur in states of adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemia associated with such deficiencies is rare. Non-islet cell tumors may also cause hypoglycemia by increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) secretion. […] Insulinomas are hyperfunctioning islet cell tumors associated with increased insulin secretion. They can be life-threatening and primarily manifest with fasting morning hypoglycemia.

• #62 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/hypoglycemia

  Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol interferes with gluconeogenesis, a process whereby the body produces new glucose. […] Critical illness: Conditions like end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or kidney failure can deplete stored glucose faster than the body can generate new glucose from food. […] Adrenal insufficiency: It can cause insufficient cortisol production, contributing to episodes of hypoglycemia. […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH): NICTH tumors release excess insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), a hormone with insulin-like effects, causing low blood sugar. […] Insulinoma: Insulinoma is a tumor in the pancreas that produces excessive insulin, causing hypoglycemia commonly occurring in the early morning. […] Certain medications: Medications such as beta-blockers and certain antibiotics can induce hypoglycemia.

• #63 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #64 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  Children with primary adrenal failure, also called Addison’s disease, may experience hypoglycemia after long periods of fasting. […] Hypopituitarism, leading to decreased growth hormone, is another cause of hypoglycemia in children, particularly with long periods of fasting or increased exercise. […] Inborn errors of metabolism may cause infant hypoglycemia, and much less commonly adult hypoglycemia. […] A primary B-cell tumor, such as an insulinoma, is associated with hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia may occur in people with non-B cell tumors such as hepatomas, adrenocorticoid carcinomas, and carcinoid tumors.

• #65 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #66 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  Hypoglycemia is often defined by a plasma glucose concentration below 70 mg/dL; however, signs and symptoms may not occur until plasma glucose concentrations drop below 55 mg/dL. […] In patients who do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia is uncommon. Still, when it occurs, there are a few major causes of hypoglycemia: pharmacologic, alcohol, critical illness, counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies, and non-islet cell tumors. […] Most hypoglycemia cases occur in patients with diabetes who are undergoing therapeutic intervention with meglitinides, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Drugs are the most common cause of hypoglycemia. […] Alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis in the body but does not affect glycogenolysis. Thus, hypoglycemia occurs after several days of alcohol consumption and after glycogen stores are depleted.

• #67 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  The most common cause of hypoglycemia in diabetics is medications used to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanides. […] Other causes of hypoglycemia in diabetics include fasting, exercising more than usual, drinking alcohol, and kidney disease. […] Serious illness may result in low blood sugar. […] Hypoglycemia is especially common in those in the intensive care unit or those in whom food and drink is withheld as a part of their treatment plan. […] A number of medications have been identified which may cause hypoglycemia, through a variety of ways. […] When individuals take insulin without needing it, to purposefully induce hypoglycemia, this is referred to as surreptitious insulin use or factitious hypoglycemia. […] The production of glucose is blocked by alcohol.

• #68 Hypoglycemia – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes is rare. It can occur in the fasting or in the postprandial state (1 to 3 hours after eating) and can be classified as insulin-mediated or non-insulin-mediated. […] Insulin-mediated causes include exogenous insulin, insulin secretagogue (sulfonylurea; eg, glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride) use, insulinoma, post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS), and insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia. […] Non-insulin-mediated causes include adrenal insufficiency and the use of medications other than insulin or a sulfonylurea (eg, quinine, gatifloxicin, pentamidine, alcohol). […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia is a rare condition caused by production of large amounts of aberrant forms of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) by a tumor. […] Factitious hypoglycemia is true hypoglycemia induced by nontherapeutic administration of sulfonylureas or insulin.

• #69 Hypoglycemia – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia is most often caused by medications taken to control diabetes. Much less common causes of hypoglycemia include other medications, critical illness or organ failure, a reaction to carbohydrates (in susceptible people), an insulin-producing tumor in the pancreas, and some types of bariatric (weight loss) surgery. […] Most cases of hypoglycemia occur in people with diabetes and are caused by insulin or other medications (especially, sulfonylureas such as glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride) that they take to lower the levels of glucose in their blood. […] Certain medications other than those for diabetes, most notably pentamidine, used to treat a form of pneumonia that occurs most often as part of AIDS, and quinine, used to treat muscle cramps, occasionally cause hypoglycemia.

• #70 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia

  A low blood sugar, also called hypoglycaemia or a „hypo”, is where the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops too low. […] In people with diabetes, the main causes of low blood sugar are: taking too much diabetes medicine, especially: insulin, medicines called sulphonylureas (such as glibenclamide and gliclazide), medicines called glinides (such as repaglinide and nateglinide). […] Sometimes there’s no obvious reason why low blood sugar happens. […] Very occasionally, it can happen in people who don’t have diabetes. […] Possible causes include: eating large carbohydrate-based meals (this is called reactive hypoglycaemia), binge drinking, fasting or malnutrition, having a gastric bypass (a type of weight loss surgery), other medical conditions, including: Addison’s disease, a non-cancerous growth in the pancreas (insulinoma), problems with the liver, kidneys or heart, some medicines, including quinine (taken for malaria).

• #71 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #72 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia

  A low blood sugar, also called hypoglycaemia or a „hypo”, is where the level of sugar (glucose) in your blood drops too low. […] In people with diabetes, the main causes of low blood sugar are: taking too much diabetes medicine, especially: insulin, medicines called sulphonylureas (such as glibenclamide and gliclazide), medicines called glinides (such as repaglinide and nateglinide). […] Sometimes there’s no obvious reason why low blood sugar happens. […] Very occasionally, it can happen in people who don’t have diabetes. […] Possible causes include: eating large carbohydrate-based meals (this is called reactive hypoglycaemia), binge drinking, fasting or malnutrition, having a gastric bypass (a type of weight loss surgery), other medical conditions, including: Addison’s disease, a non-cancerous growth in the pancreas (insulinoma), problems with the liver, kidneys or heart, some medicines, including quinine (taken for malaria).

• #73 Hypoglycemia – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes is rare. It can occur in the fasting or in the postprandial state (1 to 3 hours after eating) and can be classified as insulin-mediated or non-insulin-mediated. […] Insulin-mediated causes include exogenous insulin, insulin secretagogue (sulfonylurea; eg, glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride) use, insulinoma, post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS), and insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia. […] Non-insulin-mediated causes include adrenal insufficiency and the use of medications other than insulin or a sulfonylurea (eg, quinine, gatifloxicin, pentamidine, alcohol). […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia is a rare condition caused by production of large amounts of aberrant forms of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) by a tumor. […] Factitious hypoglycemia is true hypoglycemia induced by nontherapeutic administration of sulfonylureas or insulin.

• #74 Hypoglycemia – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia is most often caused by medications taken to control diabetes. Much less common causes of hypoglycemia include other medications, critical illness or organ failure, a reaction to carbohydrates (in susceptible people), an insulin-producing tumor in the pancreas, and some types of bariatric (weight loss) surgery. […] Most cases of hypoglycemia occur in people with diabetes and are caused by insulin or other medications (especially, sulfonylureas such as glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride) that they take to lower the levels of glucose in their blood. […] Certain medications other than those for diabetes, most notably pentamidine, used to treat a form of pneumonia that occurs most often as part of AIDS, and quinine, used to treat muscle cramps, occasionally cause hypoglycemia.

• #75 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #76 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #77 Hypoglycemia – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/hypoglycemia-a-to-z

  A pancreatic tumor, called an insulinoma, that abnormally secretes insulin […] a deficiency of growth hormone from the pituitary gland or of cortisol from the adrenal glands. Both of these hormones help to keep blood sugars normal […] alcohol […] overdose of aspirin […] severe liver disease […] use of insulin by someone who does not have diabetes […] rare cancers that secrete an insulin-like substance […] rarely, an enzyme defect. Examples of enzymes that help keep blood sugar normal are glucose-6-phosphatase, liver phosphorylase, and pyruvate carboxylase.

• #78 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #79 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #80 Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122122-overview

  A study by van Furth et al indicated that both dumping syndrome and postbariatric surgery hypoglycemia can be attributed to a common etiology, with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) being key to the development of each. […] Fasting hypoglycemia usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood include inherited liver enzyme deficiencies that restrict hepatic glucose release (deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phosphorylase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or glycogen synthetase). […] Ethanol (including propranolol plus ethanol), haloperidol, pentamidine, quinine, salicylates, and sulfonamides („sulfa drugs”) have been associated with hypoglycemia. Other drugs that may be related to this condition include oral hypoglycemics, phenylbutazone, insulin, bishydroxycoumarin, p-aminobenzoic acid, propoxyphene, stanozolol, hypoglycin, carbamate insecticide, disopyramide, isoniazid, methanol, methotrexate, tricyclic antidepressants, cytotoxic agents, organophosphates, didanosine, chlorpromazine, fluoxetine, sertraline, fenfluramine, trimethoprim, 6-mercaptopurine, thiazide diuretics, thioglycolate, tremetol, ritodrine, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), clofibrate, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and lithium. […] Insulin-producing tumors of pancreas and nonbeta-cell tumors. […] Hypoglycemia may also be caused by large noninsulin-secreting tumors, most commonly retroperitoneal or mediastinal malignant mesenchymal tumors.

• #81 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes: What Does It Mean?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is less common than hypoglycemia which occurs in people who have diabetes or related conditions. […] Nonreactive hypoglycemia isn’t necessarily related to meals and may be due to an underlying condition. Causes of nonreactive, or fasting, hypoglycemia include some medications, excess amounts of alcohol, which can stop your liver from producing glucose, any disorder that affects the liver, heart, or kidneys, eating disorders, such as anorexia, and pregnancy. […] Although rare, a tumor of the pancreas can cause the body to make too much insulin or an insulin-like substance, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hormone deficiencies can also cause hypoglycemia because hormones control blood sugar levels. […] Several factors can cause hypoglycemia, even if you don’t have diabetes. Causes of hypoglycemia without diabetes include drinking alcohol, taking certain medications, kidney problems, problems with your adrenal or pituitary gland, pancreatic tumors, severe infections, liver disease, and anorexia nervosa. […] Hypoglycemia without diabetes can occur in both children and adults. You’re at an increased risk of developing hypoglycemia if you have other health problems, have family members with diabetes, or have had certain types of surgery on your stomach.

• #82 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes? Other Causes of Low Blood Sugar

  https://greatist.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Other possible triggers include: Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach […] Medication […] Anorexia […] Hepatitis […] Gland disorders […] Kidney disorders […] Pancreatic tumor […] Dumping syndrome can develop after gastric bypass surgery or esophageal surgery. […] Hypoglycemia is serious business. Your brain (and the rest of your body) depends on blood sugar for energy it literally cant function without it. […] Ignoring symptoms of hypoglycemia for too long can also result in seizures, loss of consciousness, and possibly death. […] Possible causes include medications, underlying medical conditions, or prediabetes.

• #83 Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573079/

  Hypoglycemia is defined as a clinical condition when the venous blood glucose level is 55mg/dl (3mmol/L), obtained if possible, at the time of the symptoms. […] Hypoglycemia can be broadly divided into two main groups: Insulin-mediated (hyperinsulinism) and Independent of insulin. […] The endogenous cause of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism in a non-diabetic adult is secondary to Insulinoma and islet cell hyperplasia (nesidioblastosis). […] Insulin independent hypoglycemia includes alcohol, visceral failure (liver/renal failure), critical illness, primary adrenal failure, anterior pituitary failure, severe sepsis, cerebral malaria, anorexia nervosa, glycogen storage disease, post-bariatric surgery, mesenchymal tumors with elevated IGF-2 levels, autoimmune hypoglycemia secondary to anti-insulin or anti-insulin receptor antibodies and drugs.

• #84 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  This is a rare condition in which your body makes antibodies that attack insulin, creating hypoglycemia. It can be part of another autoimmune disease or it can be caused by certain medications. […] Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within a few hours after eating meals. […] Children with type 1 diabetes, the elderly, and people with hypoglycemia unawareness are at a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking certain medications for type 2 diabetes, such as sulfonylureas, insulin, or a combination of insulin and non-insulin injectables, you have a higher risk of hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes and take insulin, smoking increases your risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] When your baby is born prematurely, they are at increased risk of developing hypoglycemia in the days following birth, especially during the first 48 hours.

• #85 Low blood sugar: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000386.htm

  Low blood sugar is a condition that occurs when the body’s blood sugar (glucose) decreases and is too low. […] Blood sugar below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered low. […] Low blood sugar occurs due to any of the following: Your body’s glucose is used up too quickly, Glucose production by the body is too low or it is released into the bloodstream too slowly, Too much insulin is in the bloodstream. […] In people who do not have diabetes, low blood sugar may be caused by: Drinking alcohol, Insulinoma, which is a rare tumor in the pancreas that produces too much insulin, Lack of a hormone, such as cortisol, growth hormone, or thyroid hormone, Severe heart, kidney, or liver failure, Infection that affects the whole body (sepsis), Some types of weight-loss surgery (usually 5 or more years after the surgery), Medicines not used to treat diabetes (certain antibiotics or heart medicines).

• #86 Hypoglycemia without diabetes: Causes, treatment, and diet

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322744

  Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. Treatments focus on returning blood sugar to safe levels. […] In people without diabetes, hypoglycemia can result from the body producing too much insulin after a meal, causing blood sugar levels to drop. This is called reactive hypoglycemia. […] Other health issues can also cause hypoglycemia, including drinking too much alcohol. […] Hypoglycemia can also be a side effect of certain antibiotics. […] A person with the eating disorder anorexia may not be consuming enough food for their body to produce sufficient glucose. […] Having hepatitis can prevent the liver from working properly. […] Problems with the pituitary gland or adrenal glands can cause hypoglycemia because these parts of the body affect the hormones that control glucose production. […] If a person has a problem with their kidneys, medication can build up in their bloodstream. […] Pancreatic tumors are rare, but having one can lead to hypoglycemia.

• #87 Hypoglycemia without diabetes: Causes, treatment, and diet

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322744

  Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. Treatments focus on returning blood sugar to safe levels. […] In people without diabetes, hypoglycemia can result from the body producing too much insulin after a meal, causing blood sugar levels to drop. This is called reactive hypoglycemia. […] Other health issues can also cause hypoglycemia, including drinking too much alcohol. […] Hypoglycemia can also be a side effect of certain antibiotics. […] A person with the eating disorder anorexia may not be consuming enough food for their body to produce sufficient glucose. […] Having hepatitis can prevent the liver from working properly. […] Problems with the pituitary gland or adrenal glands can cause hypoglycemia because these parts of the body affect the hormones that control glucose production. […] If a person has a problem with their kidneys, medication can build up in their bloodstream. […] Pancreatic tumors are rare, but having one can lead to hypoglycemia.

• #88 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes: What Does It Mean?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is less common than hypoglycemia which occurs in people who have diabetes or related conditions. […] Nonreactive hypoglycemia isn’t necessarily related to meals and may be due to an underlying condition. Causes of nonreactive, or fasting, hypoglycemia include some medications, excess amounts of alcohol, which can stop your liver from producing glucose, any disorder that affects the liver, heart, or kidneys, eating disorders, such as anorexia, and pregnancy. […] Although rare, a tumor of the pancreas can cause the body to make too much insulin or an insulin-like substance, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hormone deficiencies can also cause hypoglycemia because hormones control blood sugar levels. […] Several factors can cause hypoglycemia, even if you don’t have diabetes. Causes of hypoglycemia without diabetes include drinking alcohol, taking certain medications, kidney problems, problems with your adrenal or pituitary gland, pancreatic tumors, severe infections, liver disease, and anorexia nervosa. […] Hypoglycemia without diabetes can occur in both children and adults. You’re at an increased risk of developing hypoglycemia if you have other health problems, have family members with diabetes, or have had certain types of surgery on your stomach.

• #89 Hypoglycemia – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia in patients without diabetes is rare. It can occur in the fasting or in the postprandial state (1 to 3 hours after eating) and can be classified as insulin-mediated or non-insulin-mediated. […] Insulin-mediated causes include exogenous insulin, insulin secretagogue (sulfonylurea; eg, glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride) use, insulinoma, post-bariatric surgery hypoglycemia, non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS), and insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia. […] Non-insulin-mediated causes include adrenal insufficiency and the use of medications other than insulin or a sulfonylurea (eg, quinine, gatifloxicin, pentamidine, alcohol). […] Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia is a rare condition caused by production of large amounts of aberrant forms of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) by a tumor. […] Factitious hypoglycemia is true hypoglycemia induced by nontherapeutic administration of sulfonylureas or insulin.

• #90 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  The most common cause of hypoglycemia in diabetics is medications used to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanides. […] Other causes of hypoglycemia in diabetics include fasting, exercising more than usual, drinking alcohol, and kidney disease. […] Serious illness may result in low blood sugar. […] Hypoglycemia is especially common in those in the intensive care unit or those in whom food and drink is withheld as a part of their treatment plan. […] A number of medications have been identified which may cause hypoglycemia, through a variety of ways. […] When individuals take insulin without needing it, to purposefully induce hypoglycemia, this is referred to as surreptitious insulin use or factitious hypoglycemia. […] The production of glucose is blocked by alcohol.

• #91 Hypoglycemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is much less common. Causes can include: […] Taking someone else’s oral diabetes medication accidentally is a possible cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications can cause hypoglycemia, especially in children or in people with kidney failure. One example is quinine (Qualaquin), used to treat malaria. […] Drinking heavily without eating can keep the liver from releasing glucose from its glycogen stores into the bloodstream. This can lead to hypoglycemia. […] Severe liver illnesses such as severe hepatitis or cirrhosis, severe infection, kidney disease, and advanced heart disease can cause hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can occur with malnutrition and starvation when you don’t get enough food, and the glycogen stores your body needs to create glucose are used up. […] A rare tumor of the pancreas (insulinoma) can cause you to produce too much insulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. […] Certain adrenal gland and pituitary tumor disorders can result in an inadequate amount of certain hormones that regulate glucose production or metabolism.

• #92 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: […] Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life. It is well recognized in infants of mothers with diabetes. […] Causes of hypoglycemia in neonates differ slightly from those in older infants and children. The causes in neonates include the following: Inappropriate changes in hormone secretion, inadequate substrate reserve in the form of hepatic glycogen, inadequate muscle stores as a source of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, inadequate lipid stores for the release of fatty acids. […] The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: PHHI, limited glycogen stores (eg, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation), increased glucose use (eg, hyperthermia, polycythemia, sepsis, growth hormone deficiency), decreased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, or use of alternate fuels (eg, inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency), depleted glycogen stores (eg, asphyxia-perinatal stress, starvation).

• #93 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  A study by Ogunyemi et al indicated that independent risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia include macrosomia, cesarean section, lower gestational age, and treatment for chorioamnionitis. Small-for-gestational-age neonates are also at greater risk. […] A retrospective study by Yamamoto et al indicated that in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, large-for-gestational-age neonates have a 2.5-fold increased risk for hypoglycemia. […] A retrospective study by Mitchell et al found that out of 175 infants born at less than 33 weeks gestation, 33.7% had hypoglycemia within the first 90 minutes after birth. […] Causes of hypoglycemia found in all ages include gram-negative sepsis, endotoxin shock, and ingestions, including of salicylates, alcohol, hypoglycemic agents, or beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

• #94 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  This is a rare condition in which your body makes antibodies that attack insulin, creating hypoglycemia. It can be part of another autoimmune disease or it can be caused by certain medications. […] Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within a few hours after eating meals. […] Children with type 1 diabetes, the elderly, and people with hypoglycemia unawareness are at a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking certain medications for type 2 diabetes, such as sulfonylureas, insulin, or a combination of insulin and non-insulin injectables, you have a higher risk of hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes and take insulin, smoking increases your risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] When your baby is born prematurely, they are at increased risk of developing hypoglycemia in the days following birth, especially during the first 48 hours.

• #95 Severe Hypoglycemia | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/severe-hypoglycemia

  There are many causes of hypoglycemia, including the treatment of diabetes. […] Hypoglycemia can also occur if you do not eat when you need to or as much as you need to, or if you skip a meal, drink too much alcohol, or exercise more than usual. […] Severe hypoglycemia can occur in people with diabetes who are taking insulin and certain diabetes medications, or changes in overall health. […] The reason is often due to changes in the balance of the persons food intake, exercise level, or medicine while taking insulin or other medications for diabetes. […] Severe hypoglycemia is more common in people with type 1 diabetes since they take multiple injections of insulin daily, but it can also happen in people with type 2 diabetes, especially in those that take insulin. […] Severe hypoglycemia can occur in people with diabetes who are taking insulin and certain diabetes medications, or changes in overall health.

• #96 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia may also occur in these cases: After strenuous exercise. During period of time not eating food (fasting). When taking certain medicines. After abusing alcohol or salicylates such as aspirin. Conditions that cause too much insulin in the body (hyperinsulinism). Tumor on the pancreas that makes insulin (insulinoma). […] The biggest risk factor is having type 1 diabetes. […] When a child with diabetes has symptoms of hypoglycemia, the cause is most often an insulin reaction. […] The brain needs blood glucose to function. Not enough glucose can impair the brain’s ability to function. Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may cause seizures and serious brain injury. […] It may be a condition by itself, or may be a complication of diabetes or another disorder. […] Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may result in seizures and serious brain injury.

• #97 Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.health.com/condition/type-2-diabetes/what-to-do-if-your-blood-sugar-is-too-low

  Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, causes symptoms like confusion, irritability, and shakiness. Diabetes is one of the most common causes of low blood sugar. It’s rare for people without diabetes to have low blood sugar, but it’s possible. Other causes include hormone deficiencies and liver disease. […] People with diabetes develop low blood sugar when there is not enough glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream to supply the body with energy. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as: […] Certain hormone deficiencies may lead to low blood sugar. These include a lack of cortisol, growth hormone, or thyroid hormone. […] Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue affects the liver’s ability to digest food and store energy, which can affect your blood sugar. […] Reactive hypoglycemia causes low blood sugar two to five hours after eating. It’s unclear what causes reactive hypoglycemia. […] Low blood sugar is more common in people with type 1 diabetes than type 2. This is because people with type 1 diabetes must receive insulin therapy daily.

• #98 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  This is a rare condition in which your body makes antibodies that attack insulin, creating hypoglycemia. It can be part of another autoimmune disease or it can be caused by certain medications. […] Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within a few hours after eating meals. […] Children with type 1 diabetes, the elderly, and people with hypoglycemia unawareness are at a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking certain medications for type 2 diabetes, such as sulfonylureas, insulin, or a combination of insulin and non-insulin injectables, you have a higher risk of hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes and take insulin, smoking increases your risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] When your baby is born prematurely, they are at increased risk of developing hypoglycemia in the days following birth, especially during the first 48 hours.

• #99 Hypoglycemia | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia is the term for low blood glucose (sugar). […] Patients with severe hypoglycemia may experience unconsciousness or seizures due to low blood sugar. […] Hypoglycemia can also occur if you do not eat when you need to or as much as you need, or if you skip a meal, drink too much alcohol, or exercise more than usual. […] Hypoglycemia unawareness can occur in those patients with diabetes who live with chronically low blood glucose levels so the body stops having symptoms when it occurs. […] Elderly patients using insulin are at higher risk for hypoglycemia unawareness. […] People with hypoglycemia unawareness are at much greater risk of experiencing severe hypoglycemia. […] If hypoglycemia is not corrected right away, it can quickly worsen. […] Non-diabetic hypoglycemia, a rare condition, is low blood glucose in people who do not have diabetes.

• #100 Hypoglycaemia (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypoglycaemia

  Hypoglycaemia is defined as blood glucose 3.5 mmol/L.1 […] However, blood glucose 2.5 mmol/L is considered pathological and requires investigation. […] There are many causes of hypoglycaemia but it is most commonly the result of an excess of either insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medications combined with reduced sugar intake or increased activity. […] Alcohol is the most common non-iatrogenic (non-physician) cause of hypoglycaemia in adults. […] People with diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylureas: Recurrent hypoglycaemia often responds to changes in diet or treatment but referral for structured education may be required (eg, to a Diabetes Specialist Nurse or a local education programme). […] People with diabetes may develop impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. […] People with diabetes with poor glycaemic control may experience hypoglycaemic symptoms with normal glucose concentrations (’false hypoglycaemia’).

• #101 Hypoglycemia | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hypoglycemia

  Hypoglycemia is the term for low blood glucose (sugar). […] Patients with severe hypoglycemia may experience unconsciousness or seizures due to low blood sugar. […] Hypoglycemia can also occur if you do not eat when you need to or as much as you need, or if you skip a meal, drink too much alcohol, or exercise more than usual. […] Hypoglycemia unawareness can occur in those patients with diabetes who live with chronically low blood glucose levels so the body stops having symptoms when it occurs. […] Elderly patients using insulin are at higher risk for hypoglycemia unawareness. […] People with hypoglycemia unawareness are at much greater risk of experiencing severe hypoglycemia. […] If hypoglycemia is not corrected right away, it can quickly worsen. […] Non-diabetic hypoglycemia, a rare condition, is low blood glucose in people who do not have diabetes.

• #102 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  If you have diabetes, however, and you exercise without eating, exercise more than you normally do, or you delay your meal, you may become hypoglycemic. […] Taking too much insulin or oral diabetes medication can cause hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking insulin or an oral diabetes medication, drinking alcohol can cause hypoglycemia. […] Losing weight can make you more sensitive to insulin, resulting in needing less or no medication. […] It’s important to realize that the tighter your glucose control, the higher your risk of hypoglycemia, especially early in treatment. […] One complication of diabetes is kidney disease, which can result in your kidneys taking longer to clear insulin from your system. This can potentially result in hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia is a rare condition in people without diabetes. If you don’t have diabetes and you develop hypoglycemia, this indicates that something else is going on in your body.

• #103 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  This is a rare condition in which your body makes antibodies that attack insulin, creating hypoglycemia. It can be part of another autoimmune disease or it can be caused by certain medications. […] Reactive hypoglycemia occurs within a few hours after eating meals. […] Children with type 1 diabetes, the elderly, and people with hypoglycemia unawareness are at a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking certain medications for type 2 diabetes, such as sulfonylureas, insulin, or a combination of insulin and non-insulin injectables, you have a higher risk of hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes and take insulin, smoking increases your risk of developing hypoglycemia. […] When your baby is born prematurely, they are at increased risk of developing hypoglycemia in the days following birth, especially during the first 48 hours.

• #104 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  A study by Ogunyemi et al indicated that independent risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia include macrosomia, cesarean section, lower gestational age, and treatment for chorioamnionitis. Small-for-gestational-age neonates are also at greater risk. […] A retrospective study by Yamamoto et al indicated that in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, large-for-gestational-age neonates have a 2.5-fold increased risk for hypoglycemia. […] A retrospective study by Mitchell et al found that out of 175 infants born at less than 33 weeks gestation, 33.7% had hypoglycemia within the first 90 minutes after birth. […] Causes of hypoglycemia found in all ages include gram-negative sepsis, endotoxin shock, and ingestions, including of salicylates, alcohol, hypoglycemic agents, or beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

• #105 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes: What Does It Mean?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Hypoglycemia in people without diabetes is less common than hypoglycemia which occurs in people who have diabetes or related conditions. […] Nonreactive hypoglycemia isn’t necessarily related to meals and may be due to an underlying condition. Causes of nonreactive, or fasting, hypoglycemia include some medications, excess amounts of alcohol, which can stop your liver from producing glucose, any disorder that affects the liver, heart, or kidneys, eating disorders, such as anorexia, and pregnancy. […] Although rare, a tumor of the pancreas can cause the body to make too much insulin or an insulin-like substance, resulting in hypoglycemia. Hormone deficiencies can also cause hypoglycemia because hormones control blood sugar levels. […] Several factors can cause hypoglycemia, even if you don’t have diabetes. Causes of hypoglycemia without diabetes include drinking alcohol, taking certain medications, kidney problems, problems with your adrenal or pituitary gland, pancreatic tumors, severe infections, liver disease, and anorexia nervosa. […] Hypoglycemia without diabetes can occur in both children and adults. You’re at an increased risk of developing hypoglycemia if you have other health problems, have family members with diabetes, or have had certain types of surgery on your stomach.

• #106 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  For example, in critical illness states, end-stage liver disease, sepsis, starvation, or renal failure, glucose utilization exceeds glucose intake, glycogenolysis, or gluconeogenesis. This imbalance can potentially cause hypoglycemia. […] Counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies can occur in states of adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemia associated with such deficiencies is rare. Non-islet cell tumors may also cause hypoglycemia by increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) secretion. […] Insulinomas are hyperfunctioning islet cell tumors associated with increased insulin secretion. They can be life-threatening and primarily manifest with fasting morning hypoglycemia.

• #107 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: […] Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life. It is well recognized in infants of mothers with diabetes. […] Causes of hypoglycemia in neonates differ slightly from those in older infants and children. The causes in neonates include the following: Inappropriate changes in hormone secretion, inadequate substrate reserve in the form of hepatic glycogen, inadequate muscle stores as a source of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, inadequate lipid stores for the release of fatty acids. […] The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: PHHI, limited glycogen stores (eg, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation), increased glucose use (eg, hyperthermia, polycythemia, sepsis, growth hormone deficiency), decreased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, or use of alternate fuels (eg, inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency), depleted glycogen stores (eg, asphyxia-perinatal stress, starvation).

• #108 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: […] Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life. It is well recognized in infants of mothers with diabetes. […] Causes of hypoglycemia in neonates differ slightly from those in older infants and children. The causes in neonates include the following: Inappropriate changes in hormone secretion, inadequate substrate reserve in the form of hepatic glycogen, inadequate muscle stores as a source of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, inadequate lipid stores for the release of fatty acids. […] The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: PHHI, limited glycogen stores (eg, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation), increased glucose use (eg, hyperthermia, polycythemia, sepsis, growth hormone deficiency), decreased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, or use of alternate fuels (eg, inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency), depleted glycogen stores (eg, asphyxia-perinatal stress, starvation).

• #109 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: […] Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life. It is well recognized in infants of mothers with diabetes. […] Causes of hypoglycemia in neonates differ slightly from those in older infants and children. The causes in neonates include the following: Inappropriate changes in hormone secretion, inadequate substrate reserve in the form of hepatic glycogen, inadequate muscle stores as a source of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, inadequate lipid stores for the release of fatty acids. […] The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: PHHI, limited glycogen stores (eg, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation), increased glucose use (eg, hyperthermia, polycythemia, sepsis, growth hormone deficiency), decreased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, or use of alternate fuels (eg, inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency), depleted glycogen stores (eg, asphyxia-perinatal stress, starvation).

• #110 Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/802334-overview

  The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: […] Hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in the first 3 months of life. It is well recognized in infants of mothers with diabetes. […] Causes of hypoglycemia in neonates differ slightly from those in older infants and children. The causes in neonates include the following: Inappropriate changes in hormone secretion, inadequate substrate reserve in the form of hepatic glycogen, inadequate muscle stores as a source of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, inadequate lipid stores for the release of fatty acids. […] The causes of neonatal hypoglycemia include the following: PHHI, limited glycogen stores (eg, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation), increased glucose use (eg, hyperthermia, polycythemia, sepsis, growth hormone deficiency), decreased glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, or use of alternate fuels (eg, inborn errors of metabolism, adrenal insufficiency), depleted glycogen stores (eg, asphyxia-perinatal stress, starvation).

• #111 Investigation and Causes of Spontaneous (Non-Diabetic) Hypoglycaemia in Adults: Pitfalls to Avoid

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/20/3275

  Hypoglycaemia is not a diagnosis but a manifestation of a disease process with many causes. […] Although rare, spontaneous hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic adults is important to identify as preventative or curative treatment is often available. […] The cornerstone investigations in elucidating the aetiology of documented hypoglycaemia are the measurement of insulin, c-peptide and proinsulin in hypoglycaemic samples. […] Critically ill, hospitalised patients with sepsis, hypothermia and organ (hepatic, renal, cardiac and respiratory) failure may develop spontaneous hypoglycaemia. […] Spontaneous hypoglycaemia should be considered following a single episode or recurrent sub-acute neuroglycopaenia; otherwise, diagnosis of the underlying disease may be delayed or missed. […] Hypoglycaemia may further be sub-classified as ketotic or non-ketotic, usually by measuring plasma β-OHB. Low β-OHB during hypoglycaemia is indicative of hyperinsulinaemia or increased insulin-like activity since these suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis. […] Hypoinsulinaemic (suppressed insulin and c-peptide) hypoglycaemia typically occurs spontaneously or may be provoked by fasting. Causes include tumours, endocrine hormonal deficiencies, organ failure, malnutrition including starvation and inherited metabolic disorders.

• #112 Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573079/

  Hypoglycemia is defined as a clinical condition when the venous blood glucose level is 55mg/dl (3mmol/L), obtained if possible, at the time of the symptoms. […] Hypoglycemia can be broadly divided into two main groups: Insulin-mediated (hyperinsulinism) and Independent of insulin. […] The endogenous cause of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism in a non-diabetic adult is secondary to Insulinoma and islet cell hyperplasia (nesidioblastosis). […] Insulin independent hypoglycemia includes alcohol, visceral failure (liver/renal failure), critical illness, primary adrenal failure, anterior pituitary failure, severe sepsis, cerebral malaria, anorexia nervosa, glycogen storage disease, post-bariatric surgery, mesenchymal tumors with elevated IGF-2 levels, autoimmune hypoglycemia secondary to anti-insulin or anti-insulin receptor antibodies and drugs.

• #113 Investigation and Causes of Spontaneous (Non-Diabetic) Hypoglycaemia in Adults: Pitfalls to Avoid

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/20/3275

  Hypoglycaemia is not a diagnosis but a manifestation of a disease process with many causes. […] Although rare, spontaneous hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic adults is important to identify as preventative or curative treatment is often available. […] The cornerstone investigations in elucidating the aetiology of documented hypoglycaemia are the measurement of insulin, c-peptide and proinsulin in hypoglycaemic samples. […] Critically ill, hospitalised patients with sepsis, hypothermia and organ (hepatic, renal, cardiac and respiratory) failure may develop spontaneous hypoglycaemia. […] Spontaneous hypoglycaemia should be considered following a single episode or recurrent sub-acute neuroglycopaenia; otherwise, diagnosis of the underlying disease may be delayed or missed. […] Hypoglycaemia may further be sub-classified as ketotic or non-ketotic, usually by measuring plasma β-OHB. Low β-OHB during hypoglycaemia is indicative of hyperinsulinaemia or increased insulin-like activity since these suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis. […] Hypoinsulinaemic (suppressed insulin and c-peptide) hypoglycaemia typically occurs spontaneously or may be provoked by fasting. Causes include tumours, endocrine hormonal deficiencies, organ failure, malnutrition including starvation and inherited metabolic disorders.

• #114 Hypoglycaemia (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/hypoglycaemia

  Hypoglycaemia is defined as blood glucose 3.5 mmol/L.1 […] However, blood glucose 2.5 mmol/L is considered pathological and requires investigation. […] There are many causes of hypoglycaemia but it is most commonly the result of an excess of either insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medications combined with reduced sugar intake or increased activity. […] Alcohol is the most common non-iatrogenic (non-physician) cause of hypoglycaemia in adults. […] People with diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylureas: Recurrent hypoglycaemia often responds to changes in diet or treatment but referral for structured education may be required (eg, to a Diabetes Specialist Nurse or a local education programme). […] People with diabetes may develop impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. […] People with diabetes with poor glycaemic control may experience hypoglycaemic symptoms with normal glucose concentrations (’false hypoglycaemia’).

• #115 Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/

  Hypoglycemia is often defined by a plasma glucose concentration below 70 mg/dL; however, signs and symptoms may not occur until plasma glucose concentrations drop below 55 mg/dL. […] In patients who do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia is uncommon. Still, when it occurs, there are a few major causes of hypoglycemia: pharmacologic, alcohol, critical illness, counter-regulatory hormone deficiencies, and non-islet cell tumors. […] Most hypoglycemia cases occur in patients with diabetes who are undergoing therapeutic intervention with meglitinides, sulfonylureas, or insulin. Drugs are the most common cause of hypoglycemia. […] Alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis in the body but does not affect glycogenolysis. Thus, hypoglycemia occurs after several days of alcohol consumption and after glycogen stores are depleted.

• #116 Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/

  Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia or a hypo) is usually where your blood sugar (glucose) is below 4mmol/L. […] Low blood sugar usually affects people with diabetes who take insulin or some other diabetes medicines. It’s rare in people without diabetes. […] Diabetes causes high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia). Diabetes medicines treat your condition by lowering your blood sugar, but they can sometimes make it go too low. […] This is common if you take insulin. It can also happen with some other diabetes medicines, such as gliclazide and glimepiride. […] You’re more likely to get low blood sugar if you: take too much insulin; have problems with the way you inject insulin, such as injecting in the same place too often; miss or delay meals, or do not eat enough carbohydrate; do a lot of exercise without eating more carbohydrate or reducing your insulin dose; drink a lot of alcohol, particularly without eating. […] It’s rare to get low blood sugar if you do not have diabetes. It can sometimes be caused by conditions including: malnutrition; Addison’s disease; a growth (tumour) in your pancreas.

• #117 Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/blood-and-lymph/hypoglycaemia-low-blood-sugar/

  People with diabetes whove drunk too much alcohol, or drank alcohol on an empty stomach, can also get hypoglycaemia. […] People without diabetes can sometimes experience hypoglycaemia if their pancreas produces too much insulin after a large carbohydrate-based meal. This is known as reactive hypoglycaemia. […] Other possible causes of hypoglycaemia in people without diabetes are: fasting or malnutrition where not enough nutrients are consumed for your body to function properly, binge drinking or heavy drinking of alcohol, Addisons disease a disorder of the adrenal glands, certain medication hypoglycaemia has been known to occur in people taking quinine, salicylates and propranolol, severe illnesses affecting the liver, kidneys or thyroid gland.

• #118 Hypoglycemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

  The most common cause of hypoglycemia in diabetics is medications used to treat diabetes such as insulin, sulfonylureas, and biguanides. […] Other causes of hypoglycemia in diabetics include fasting, exercising more than usual, drinking alcohol, and kidney disease. […] Serious illness may result in low blood sugar. […] Hypoglycemia is especially common in those in the intensive care unit or those in whom food and drink is withheld as a part of their treatment plan. […] A number of medications have been identified which may cause hypoglycemia, through a variety of ways. […] When individuals take insulin without needing it, to purposefully induce hypoglycemia, this is referred to as surreptitious insulin use or factitious hypoglycemia. […] The production of glucose is blocked by alcohol.

• #119 Investigation and Causes of Spontaneous (Non-Diabetic) Hypoglycaemia in Adults: Pitfalls to Avoid

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/20/3275

  Hypoglycaemia is not a diagnosis but a manifestation of a disease process with many causes. […] Although rare, spontaneous hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic adults is important to identify as preventative or curative treatment is often available. […] The cornerstone investigations in elucidating the aetiology of documented hypoglycaemia are the measurement of insulin, c-peptide and proinsulin in hypoglycaemic samples. […] Critically ill, hospitalised patients with sepsis, hypothermia and organ (hepatic, renal, cardiac and respiratory) failure may develop spontaneous hypoglycaemia. […] Spontaneous hypoglycaemia should be considered following a single episode or recurrent sub-acute neuroglycopaenia; otherwise, diagnosis of the underlying disease may be delayed or missed. […] Hypoglycaemia may further be sub-classified as ketotic or non-ketotic, usually by measuring plasma β-OHB. Low β-OHB during hypoglycaemia is indicative of hyperinsulinaemia or increased insulin-like activity since these suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis. […] Hypoinsulinaemic (suppressed insulin and c-peptide) hypoglycaemia typically occurs spontaneously or may be provoked by fasting. Causes include tumours, endocrine hormonal deficiencies, organ failure, malnutrition including starvation and inherited metabolic disorders.

• #120 Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/166815

  Some liver diseases: Drug-induced hepatitis can lead to hypoglycemia because it affects the liver. […] Insulinoma: A tumor in the pancreas can cause the pancreas to produce too much insulin. […] Endocrine problems: Some adrenal and pituitary gland disorders can lead to hypoglycemia. This is more common in children than adults. […] Reactive, or postprandial, hypoglycemia: The pancreas produces too much insulin after a meal. […] Severe illness: Some diseases, such as cancer, can affect many organs, including the pancreas. This can lead to hypoglycemia.

• #121 Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573079/

  Many drugs other than anti-hyperglycemic medications and alcohol have been reported. […] In children, hypoglycemia is mainly secondary to IEM. […] Hypoglycemia occurs due to impaired glucose regulation by the liver. […] Hypoglycemia can be managed in non-diabetic patients by eating smaller meals more regularly, with one to two snacks. […] Treatment of non-diabetic hypoglycemia depends on causative factors.

• #122 Causes and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/hypoglycemia-causes-risk-factors-1087616

  If you have diabetes, however, and you exercise without eating, exercise more than you normally do, or you delay your meal, you may become hypoglycemic. […] Taking too much insulin or oral diabetes medication can cause hypoglycemia. […] If you’re taking insulin or an oral diabetes medication, drinking alcohol can cause hypoglycemia. […] Losing weight can make you more sensitive to insulin, resulting in needing less or no medication. […] It’s important to realize that the tighter your glucose control, the higher your risk of hypoglycemia, especially early in treatment. […] One complication of diabetes is kidney disease, which can result in your kidneys taking longer to clear insulin from your system. This can potentially result in hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia is a rare condition in people without diabetes. If you don’t have diabetes and you develop hypoglycemia, this indicates that something else is going on in your body.

• #123 Hypoglycemia | Endocrinology and Diabetes

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/endocrinology-diabetes/diabetes/hypoglycemia

  Conditions that affect your hormone levels can also lead to hypoglycemia. For example, problems with your pituitary or adrenal glands (which regulate your hormone levels) can cause low blood sugar. […] Your liver creates and releases glucose as your body needs it. Liver disease can impact this process and keep your liver from properly releasing glucose. […] Kidney disease can cause problems with how your kidneys process and absorb things, including insulin and certain diabetes medication.

• #124 Hypoglycemia in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypoglycemia-children

  Low blood sugar or as it is known medically, hypoglycemia refers to blood concentration of glucose (sugar) that is too low to fuel the brain and the body. […] Hypoglycemia can be the main symptom of many different medical conditions. […] Hypoglycemia results from an imbalance between how much glucose is in the blood and how much glucose the body uses and needs. […] In children, the most common medical condition that causes hypoglycemia is hyperinsulinism (HI). […] There are multiple causes of HI, including maternal diabetes, fetal stress prior or during delivery, or genetic defects. […] Other causes of hypoglycemia in children include deficiency of growth hormone and/or cortisol, and genetic defects in the liver affecting its ability to release glucose. […] Hypoglycemia may also occur as a result of accidental or intentional ingestions, taking certain medications or consuming alcohol.

• #125 Hypoglycemia and Low Blood Sugar | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hypoglycemia-and-low-blood-sugar

  Hypoglycemia is the state of having a blood glucose level that is too low to effectively fuel the body’s cells. […] The vast majority of episodes of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents occur when a child with diabetes takes too much insulin, eats too little, or exercises strenuously or for a prolonged period of time. […] For young children who do not have diabetes, hypoglycemia may be caused by: Single episodes: Stomach flu or another illness that may cause them to not eat enough, Fasting for a prolonged period of time, Prolonged strenuous exercise and lack of food. […] Recurrent episodes: Accelerated starvation, also known as “ketotic hypoglycemia,” a tendency for children without diabetes, or any other known cause of hypoglycemia, to experience repeated hypoglycemic episodes, Medications your child may be taking, A congenital (present at birth) error in metabolism or unusual disorder such as hypopituitarism or hyperinsulinism.

• #126 Hypoglycemia and Diabetes (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hypoglycemia.html

  When blood glucose levels (called blood sugar levels) drop too low, it’s called hypoglycemia. […] Hypoglycemia can happen for different reasons. Anyone with diabetes can get low blood sugar, even people who follow their care plan carefully. Sugar levels can drop if your child: […] skips or delays meals or snacks or doesn’t eat as much carbohydrate-containing food as expected when taking their diabetes medicine. This happens often in kids who develop an illness (such as a stomach virus) that causes loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting. […] takes too much insulin, takes the wrong type of insulin, or takes insulin at the wrong time […] exercises more than usual without eating extra snacks or adjusting the dosage of diabetes medicines.

• #127 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia can be a condition by itself. Or it can be a complication of diabetes or other disorder. Its most often a problem in someone with diabetes. It occurs when theres too much insulin. This is also called an insulin reaction. […] Causes in children with diabetes may include: Too much insulin or oral diabetes medicine. The wrong kind of insulin. Incorrect blood-glucose readings. A missed meal. A delayed meal. Not enough food eaten for the amount of insulin taken. More exercise than usual. Diarrhea or vomiting. Injury, illness, infection, or emotional stress. Other health problems, such as celiac disease or an adrenal problem. Taking diabetes medicine called sulfonylurea. Problems present at birth (congenital) with how the body processes glucose and starches. Rare genetic disorders.

• #128 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #129 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia may also occur in these cases: After strenuous exercise. During period of time not eating food (fasting). When taking certain medicines. After abusing alcohol or salicylates such as aspirin. Conditions that cause too much insulin in the body (hyperinsulinism). Tumor on the pancreas that makes insulin (insulinoma). […] The biggest risk factor is having type 1 diabetes. […] When a child with diabetes has symptoms of hypoglycemia, the cause is most often an insulin reaction. […] The brain needs blood glucose to function. Not enough glucose can impair the brain’s ability to function. Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may cause seizures and serious brain injury. […] It may be a condition by itself, or may be a complication of diabetes or another disorder. […] Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may result in seizures and serious brain injury.

• #130 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #131 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #132 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #133 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #134 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #135 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia may also occur in these cases: After strenuous exercise. During period of time not eating food (fasting). When taking certain medicines. After abusing alcohol or salicylates such as aspirin. Conditions that cause too much insulin in the body (hyperinsulinism). Tumor on the pancreas that makes insulin (insulinoma). […] The biggest risk factor is having type 1 diabetes. […] When a child with diabetes has symptoms of hypoglycemia, the cause is most often an insulin reaction. […] The brain needs blood glucose to function. Not enough glucose can impair the brain’s ability to function. Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may cause seizures and serious brain injury. […] It may be a condition by itself, or may be a complication of diabetes or another disorder. […] Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may result in seizures and serious brain injury.

• #136 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #137 Hypoglycemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=hypoglycemia-in-children-90-P01960

  Hypoglycemia may also occur in these cases: After strenuous exercise. During period of time not eating food (fasting). When taking certain medicines. After abusing alcohol or salicylates such as aspirin. Conditions that cause too much insulin in the body (hyperinsulinism). Tumor on the pancreas that makes insulin (insulinoma). […] The biggest risk factor is having type 1 diabetes. […] When a child with diabetes has symptoms of hypoglycemia, the cause is most often an insulin reaction. […] The brain needs blood glucose to function. Not enough glucose can impair the brain’s ability to function. Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may cause seizures and serious brain injury. […] It may be a condition by itself, or may be a complication of diabetes or another disorder. […] Severe or long-lasting hypoglycemia may result in seizures and serious brain injury.

• #138 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #139 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes? Other Causes of Low Blood Sugar

  https://greatist.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Other possible triggers include: Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach […] Medication […] Anorexia […] Hepatitis […] Gland disorders […] Kidney disorders […] Pancreatic tumor […] Dumping syndrome can develop after gastric bypass surgery or esophageal surgery. […] Hypoglycemia is serious business. Your brain (and the rest of your body) depends on blood sugar for energy it literally cant function without it. […] Ignoring symptoms of hypoglycemia for too long can also result in seizures, loss of consciousness, and possibly death. […] Possible causes include medications, underlying medical conditions, or prediabetes.

• #140 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #141 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #142 Hypoglycemia Without Diabetes? Other Causes of Low Blood Sugar

  https://greatist.com/health/hypoglycemia-without-diabetes

  Other possible triggers include: Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach […] Medication […] Anorexia […] Hepatitis […] Gland disorders […] Kidney disorders […] Pancreatic tumor […] Dumping syndrome can develop after gastric bypass surgery or esophageal surgery. […] Hypoglycemia is serious business. Your brain (and the rest of your body) depends on blood sugar for energy it literally cant function without it. […] Ignoring symptoms of hypoglycemia for too long can also result in seizures, loss of consciousness, and possibly death. […] Possible causes include medications, underlying medical conditions, or prediabetes.

• #143 Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia) | ADA

  https://diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/hypoglycemia-low-blood-glucose

  Low blood glucose is when your levels fall below 70 mg/dL. […] It’s important to treat low blood glucose levels as soon as possible, as they can quickly become dangerous. […] Severe low blood glucose is an emergency and will require help from others to treat it. […] Low blood glucose, sometimes just called a low, is when your blood glucose levels have fallen low enough that you need to take action to bring them back to your target range. This is usually when your blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL. […] There are many things that can cause blood glucose levels to drop. It is especially common for people with type 1 diabetes or people with type 2 diabetes taking insulin or other similar medications. […] Understanding what causes your blood glucose to go down is important so you can steps to prevent lows from happening. […] When low blood glucose isn’t treated and you need someone to help you treat it, it’s considered severe hypoglycemia.

• #144 Treatment of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) | Diabetes | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/treatment/treatment-low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

  Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, can be very dangerous. […] If your blood sugar drops below 55 mg/dL, it’s considered severely low. […] Injectable glucagon is the best way to treat severely low blood sugar. […] One of the best ways to prevent low blood sugar is to frequently monitor. […] If you continue to have low blood sugar episodes, share your blood sugar, medicine routine, physical activity, and food patterns with your doctor. […] Another symptom of low blood sugar is confusion or brain fog.

• #145 Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Diet

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/hypoglycemia-overview

  This is a type of hypoglycemia caused by fasting (not eating for a long time). […] When you have diabetes, your body has a hard time making or using insulin. […] If you have diabetes, ask your doctor if any of your medications are linked to hypoglycemia. […] If you have diabetes, it’s especially important to pay attention to your blood sugar when you’re sick. […] Hypoglycemia can lead to dizziness, falls and injuries, car accidents, and higher risk for dementia. […] In severe cases, untreated hypoglycemia can cause organ failure, heart arrhythmias, brain damage, seizures, coma, and death. […] Hypoglycemia is usually a sign of diabetes, but not always. When you don’t have diabetes, hypoglycemia can be caused by certain health issues and medications, drinking too much alcohol, or malnutrition.

• #146 Understanding Hypoglycemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

  https://www.africanjournalofdiabetesmedicine.com/articles/understanding-hypoglycemia-causes-symptoms-and-management-105205.html

  Hypoglycaemia, commonly referred to as low blood sugar, is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the bloodstream. This condition primarily affects individuals with diabetes but can also occur in those without diabetes. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of hypoglycaemia is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing potential complications. Hypoglycaemia can occur due to various factors, primarily related to insulin and glucose regulation in the body. […] In people with diabetes, hypoglycaemia often happens when there is an imbalance between insulin, food intake, and physical activity. Common causes include the following. Taking too much insulin or other glucose-lowering medications can lead to a rapid decrease in blood sugar levels. Skipping meals or delaying meals can result in hypoglycaemia, especially if a person has taken insulin or other diabetes medications. Exercise can lower blood sugar levels, particularly if insulin levels are high or if there is insufficient carbohydrate intake to balance the increased energy expenditure. Drinking alcohol, especially on an empty stomach or in excessive amounts, can cause hypoglycaemia by impairing the livers ability to release stored glucose. Certain medical conditions such as adrenal insufficiency, liver disease, or kidney disorders can interfere with glucose regulation and contribute to hypoglycaemia. […] Understanding the causes, symptoms, and management strategies for hypoglycaemia is crucial for maintaining optimal health and preventing complications.

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