Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Psychiatry.org – Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis

  https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/gender-dysphoria-diagnosis

  Jack Drescher, M.D. (2010) provides a thorough overview of psychiatric diagnoses related to gender identity, including the history and evolution of such conceptualizations. The medicalization of transgender identities and gender identity-related distress has been a controversial topic for decades. This is due in part to concerns about further stigmatization of an already marginalized group. Early theories often conflated homosexuality with transgender identities and took a pathologizing stance toward gender non-conformity. Caveats about the diagnosis will be listed later in this section. […] Despite increased attention to transgender people, the first two editions of DSM contained no mention of gender identity. It was not until 1980 with the publication of DSMIII that the diagnosis transsexualism first appeared. In 1990, the World Health Organization followed suit and included this diagnosis in ICD-10. With the release of DSMIV in 1994, transsexualism was replaced with gender identity disorder in adults and adolescence in an effort to reduce stigma. However, controversy continued with advocates and some psychiatrists pointing to ways in which this diagnostic category pathologized identity rather than a true disorder.

• #2 Psychiatry.org – Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis

  https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/gender-dysphoria-diagnosis

  With the publication of DSM5 in 2013, gender identity disorder was eliminated and replaced with gender dysphoria. This change further focused the diagnosis on the gender identity-related distress that some transgender people experience (and for which they may seek psychiatric, medical, and surgical treatments) rather than on transgender individuals or identities themselves. […] The DSM5 articulates explicitly that gender non-conformity is not in itself a mental disorder. The 5th edition also includes a separate gender dysphoria in children diagnosis and for the first time allows the diagnosis to be given to individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD). […] The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

• #3 Gender dysphoria – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/symptoms-causes/syc-20475255

  Gender dysphoria is a feeling of distress that can happen when a person’s gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth. […] A diagnosis for gender dysphoria is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The diagnosis was created to help people with gender dysphoria get access to the healthcare and treatment that they need. A diagnosis of gender dysphoria focuses on the feeling of distress as the issue, not gender identity. […] People with gender dysphoria who don’t receive the support and treatment they need are at higher risk of thinking about or attempting suicide.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/frequently-asked-questions/gender-incongruence-and-transgender-health-in-the-icd

  Gender incongruence and transgender health in the ICD […] The 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11). The newly revised ICD-11 codes includes new changes to reflect modern understanding of sexual health and gender identity. […] ICD-11 has redefined gender identity-related health, replacing outdated diagnostic categories like ICD-10s transsexualism and gender identity disorder of children with gender incongruence of adolescence and adulthood and gender incongruence of childhood respectively. Gender incongruence has been moved out of the Mental and behavioural disorders chapter and into the new Conditions related to sexual health chapter. This reflects current knowledge that trans-related and gender diverse identities are not conditions of mental ill-health, and that classifying them as such can cause enormous stigma. […] Inclusion of gender incongruence in the ICD-11 should ensure transgender peoples access to gender-affirming health care, as well as adequate health insurance coverage for such services. Recognition in the ICD also acknowledges the links between gender identity, sexual behaviour, exposure to violence and sexually transmitted infections. […] Gender Incongruence of Adolescence and Adulthood is characterised by a marked and persistent incongruence between an individuals experienced gender and the assigned sex, which often leads to a desire to transition, in order to live and be accepted as a person of the experienced gender, through hormonal treatment, surgery or other health care services to make the individuals body align, as much as desired and to the extent possible, with the experienced gender. The diagnosis cannot be assigned prior the onset of puberty. Gender variant behaviour and preferences alone are not a basis for assigning the diagnosis. […] Gender incongruence of childhood is characterised by a marked incongruence between an individuals experienced/expressed gender and the assigned sex in pre-pubertal children. It includes a strong desire to be a different gender than the assigned sex; a strong dislike on the childs part of his or her sexual anatomy or anticipated secondary sex characteristics and/or a strong desire for the primary and/or anticipated secondary sex characteristics that match the experienced gender; and make-believe or fantasy play, toys, games, or activities and playmates that are typical of the experienced gender rather than the assigned sex. The incongruence must have persisted for about 2 years. Gender variant behaviour and preferences alone are not a basis for assigning the diagnosis. […] Transgender people share many of the same health needs as the general population, but may have other specialist health-care needs, such as gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery. However, evidence suggests that transgender people often experience a disproportionately high burden of disease, including in the domains of mental, sexual and reproductive health. Some transgender people seek medical or surgical transition, others do not. […] Gender-affirmative health care can include any single or combination of a number of social, psychological, behavioural or medical (including hormonal treatment or surgery) interventions designed to support and affirm an individuals gender identity.

• #5 Gender Dysphoria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532313/

  Gender dysphoria (previously gender identity disorder), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is defined as a marked incongruence between their experienced or expressed gender and the one they were assigned at birth. […] Gender dysphoria (GD), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5), is defined as a „marked incongruence between their experienced or expressed gender and the one they were assigned at birth.” It was previously termed „gender identity disorder.” […] A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender of at least six months duration, as manifested by at least two of the following: […] The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

• #6 Gender Dysphoria | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/gender-dysphoria

  Gender Dysphoria is a term used to describe the clinically significant distress caused by an incongruence between ones gender identity and ones gender expression and/or physical sex characteristics. […] In order to meet criteria for a formal diagnosis of gender dysphoria, the distress associated with the incongruence between ones gender identity, gender expression, and physical sex characteristics needs to be significant and/or associated with impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. Symptoms of Gender Dysphoria need to be present for at least 6 months for such a diagnosis. […] Gender Dysphoria is best diagnosed by a mental health professional combining a thorough interview and completion of objective measures which consider an individuals history, concerns, and specific needs.

• #7 Psychiatry.org – What is Gender Dysphoria?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gender-dysphoria/what-is-gender-dysphoria

  The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) provides for one overarching diagnosis of gender dysphoria with separate specific criteria for children and for adolescents and adults. […] The DSM-5-TR defines gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults as a marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and their assigned gender, lasting at least 6 months, as manifested by at least two of the following: […] In order to meet criteria for the diagnosis, the condition must also be associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The DSM-5-TR defines gender dysphoria in children as a marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, lasting at least 6 months, as manifested by at least six of the following (one of which must be the first criterion): […] As with the diagnostic criteria for adolescents and adults, the condition must also be associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

• #8 Gender dysphoria – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_dysphoria

  The American Psychiatric Association permits a diagnosis of gender dysphoria in adolescents or adults if two or more of the following criteria are experienced for at least six months’ duration: A significant incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s sexual characteristics; A strong desire to be rid of one’s sexual characteristics due to incongruence with one’s experienced or expressed gender; A strong desire for the sexual characteristics of a gender other than one’s assigned gender; A strong desire to be of a gender other than one’s assigned gender; A strong desire to be treated as a gender other than one’s assigned gender; A strong conviction that one has the typical reactions and feelings of a gender other than one’s assigned gender. In addition, the condition must be associated with clinically significant distress or impairment.

• #9 Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/gender-incongruence-and-gender-dysphoria/gender-incongruence-and-gender-dysphoria

  The diagnosis of gender dysphoria in all age groups, per DSM-5-TR criteria, requires the presence of both of the following: Marked incongruity between birth sex and experienced/expressed gender identity that has been present for 6 months; Clinically significant distress or functional impairment resulting from this incongruity. […] Diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in children require 6 of the following: A strong desire to be or insistence that they are the other gender (or some alternative gender different from their assigned gender); A strong preference for dressing in clothing typical of the opposite gender and, in girls, resistance to wearing typically feminine clothing; A strong preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe play or fantasy play; A strong preference for toys, games, and activities stereotypical for the other gender; A strong preference for playmates of the other gender; A strong rejection of toys, games, and activities typical of the gender that matches their birth sex; A strong dislike of their sexual anatomy; A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that match their experienced gender.

• #9 Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/gender-incongruence-and-gender-dysphoria/gender-incongruence-and-gender-dysphoria

  Definitions of terminology regarding sex and gender include the following: […] Gender dysphoria: Discomfort or distress related to an incongruence between an individual’s gender identity and the gender assigned at birth. […] For most people, there is congruity between their sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and gender role. However, those with gender dysphoria experience distress associated with some degree of incongruity between their birth sex and their gender identity. Gender dysphoria is a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), and is divided into 2 sets of diagnostic criteria, one for children and one for adolescents and adults. […] If an individual experiences or displays gender incongruity or gender nonconformity, this itself is not considered a disorder. It is considered a normal variant in human gender identity and expression. However, when the perceived mismatch between birth sex and the internal sense of gender identity causes someone significant distress or functional impairment, a clinical diagnosis of gender dysphoria may be appropriate. The diagnosis is defined by the person’s distress rather than by the presence of gender incongruity or identity.

• #10 Table 2. [DSM-5 Criteria for Gender Dysphoria ()]. – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK577212/table/pediat_transgender.T.dsm5_criteria_for_g/

  A marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and natal gender of at least 6 months in duration, as manifested by at least two of the following: A. A marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics) […] The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Specify if: A. The condition exists with a disorder of sex development. B. The condition is post-transitional, in that the individual has transitioned to full-time living in the desired gender (with or without legalization of gender change) and has undergone (or is preparing to have) at least one sex-related medical procedure or treatment regimen namely, regular sex hormone treatment or gender reassignment surgery confirming the desired gender (e.g., penectomy, vaginoplasty in natal males; mastectomy or phalloplasty in natal females).

• #11 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-Gender-Dysphoria.aspx

  Gender dysphoria is a condition where then person identifies himself or herself with the opposite of their original biological sex. This is not a mental disorder. However, some people may need therapy. […] Diagnosis of gender dysphoria is thus important to rule out other concurrent or underlying mental disorders like anxiety, depression etc. […] Assessment of persons with gender dysphoria and diagnosis of the condition is a multidisciplinary action. […] Gender dysphoria must be separated from homosexuality. Not all persons with gender dysphoria are homosexual. […] Diagnosis may be a challenge since results of psychological testing may not be conclusive. […] The International Harry Benjamin Gender Dysphoria Association lays down guidelines for a two phase diagnosis. […] Phase I Diagnosis is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders IV (Text Revision) or DSM IV TR.

• #11 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-Gender-Dysphoria.aspx

  Phase II Here the patient is assessed if he or she can live in the desired sex role permanently. This involves family information and counselling and name change. Hormonal therapy, gender re-assignation surgery and psychotherapy is administered as needed. […] Differential diagnosis or other diagnosis that need to be ruled out during assessment of a suspected person with gender dysphoria include: Nonconformity to stereotypical sex role behaviors, Transvestic fetishism, Concurrent congenital intersex condition, Schizophrenia. […] The criteria for diagnosis according to the latest DSM V proposed guidelines is broken down into in children and in adolescents and adults. […] In children, a definite difference between experienced/expressed gender and the one assigned at birth of at least 6 months duration. At least six of the following must be present: Persistent and strong desire to be of the other sex or insistence that they belong to the other sex, In males a strong preference for cross-dressing and in female children a strong preference for wearing typical masculine clothing and dislike or refusal to wear typical feminine clothing, Fantasising about playing opposite gender roles in make-belief play or activities, Preference for toys, games, or activities typical of the opposite sex, Rejection of toys, games and activities conforming to ones own sex, Preference for playmates of the other sex, Dislike for sexual anatomy, Desire to acquire the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex.

• #12 Gender dysphoria Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria

  Gender dysphoria is the term for a deep sense of unease and distress that may occur when your biological sex does not match your gender identity. […] To make a diagnosis, your provider will take your medical history and, in some cases, do a full psychiatric evaluation. Gender dysphoria is diagnosed if you have had two symptoms or more for at least 6 months. […] It is very important for people with gender dysphoria to receive psychological and social support and understanding from medical professionals. […] Recognizing and treating gender dysphoria early can reduce the chance of depression, emotional distress, and suicide.

• #13 Assessing for gender dysphoria – Klinic Community Health

  https://klinic.mb.ca/health-care/transhealthklinic/health-care-providers/assessing-for-gender-dysphoria/

  Assessment of gender identity and gender dysphoria, history and development of gender dysphoric feelings. […] The DSM 5 criteria for Gender Dysphoria are: A marked incongruence between ones experience/expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months duration, as manifested by at least two of the following: A marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics). A strong desire to be rid of ones primary and/or secondary sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with ones experienced or expressed gender (or in young adolescents, a desire to prevent the development of the anticipated secondary sex characteristics). A strong desire for the primary and/or secondary sex characteristics of the other gender. A strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from ones assigned gender). A strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some alternative gender different from ones assigned gender). A strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from ones assigned gender).

• #13 Assessing for gender dysphoria – Klinic Community Health

  https://klinic.mb.ca/health-care/transhealthklinic/health-care-providers/assessing-for-gender-dysphoria/

  The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] Most patients will not require the involvement of a psychologist or psychiatrist to make a diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria. Primary care providers with their longitudinal patient/provider relationships and their knowledge of the patients social context are well positioned to make a diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria and start the appropriate treatment. It is advisable to involve a psychologist or psychiatrist if the diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria is unclear or if significant comorbid mental health concerns are making diagnosis or management difficult.

• #14 Gender dysphoria

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/november/gender-dysphoria

  Gender dysphoria is the distress or discomfort that may occur when a persons biological sex and gender identity do not align. […] The DSM-5 has diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in adults and adolescents. […] For gender dysphoria to be present, a patient must have had at least two DSM-5 criteria for at least six months, and it must cause significant distress to the patient. […] To make a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, there must be significant distress that impairs social, occupational, or other areas of function. […] The initial assessment should begin with a history, assessment of risks and supports, and appropriate examination. […] Symptoms of gender dysphoria manifest at different developmental stages, but reliably become more debilitating when secondary sexual characteristics develop during puberty.

• #14 Gender dysphoria

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/november/gender-dysphoria

  The prognosis of gender dysphoria is generally positive and improves with treatment, which may include a combination of psychotherapy, hormones and surgery. […] Investigations are only important to provide a baseline for patients who are intent on hormone replacement therapy, and are not part of the diagnostic process. […] It is important for GPs to have a basic understanding of gender dysphoria as they will often be the first point of contact for these patients.

• #15 Gender dysphoria – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gender-dysphoria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20475262

  A behavioral health evaluation also may be done by a healthcare professional with expertise in transgender health. The evaluation may assess: […] The goal of behavioral health therapy is to improve mental well-being and quality of life. It isn’t intended to change gender identity. Instead, this therapy can help people explore gender concerns and find ways to ease gender dysphoria. […] Other ways to ease gender dysphoria might include use of: […] Talk with your healthcare professional about whether these steps may be helpful for you.

• #16 Gender Dysphoria Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2200534-differential

  The differential diagnosis should include nonconformity to stereotypical sex role behaviors, transvestic fetishism, gender dysphoria not otherwise specified (with a concurrent congenital intersex condition), and schizophrenia. […] Lifetime psychiatric comorbidity in this disorder is high, and this should be taken into account in the assessment and treatment planning of gender dysphoria. Twenty-nine percent of the patients had no concurrent or lifetime-associated disorders; 39% percent fulfilled the criteria for current and 71% for current and/or lifetime-associated disorders. Forty-two percent of the patients were diagnosed with one or more personality disorders. […] Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: a review of recent research. […] Psychological support, puberty suppression, and psychosocial functioning in Adolescents with Gender dysphoria. […] Gender Identity 5 Years After Social Transition. […] Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder.

• #17 Psychiatry.org – Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis

  https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/gender-dysphoria-diagnosis

  The DSM5 criteria for gender dysphoria were revised to allow the diagnosis to be given to individuals with DSD. The actual assessment and treatment of an individual with DSD presenting for gender-related concerns is largely the same as other transgender individuals, though there may be unique legal or cultural considerations. […] The Gender Dysphoria diagnosis functions as a double-edged sword. It provides an avenue for treatment, making medical and surgical options available to TGNC people. However, it also has the potential to stigmatize TGNC people by categorizing them as mentally ill. […] It is common for TGNC people who have grown up in an unsupportive environment to express symptoms characteristic with personality disorders. Impulsivity, mood lability, and suicidal ideation occur commonly. This does not necessarily qualify them for a personality disorder diagnosis because personality disorders are typically lifelong and pervasive. TGNC people typically show a reduction or disappearance of these symptoms once they are in a supportive gender-affirming environment. […] Gender dysphoric symptoms may be the primary focus of treatment, but dont overlook the possibility that other psychiatric symptoms may need to be treated first depending on severity.

• #18 ‘Gender dysphoria’ diagnosis shouldn’t be required for gender-affirming care

  https://www.statnews.com/2022/03/11/giving-gender-affirming-care-gender-dysphoria-diagnosis-should-not-be-required/

  As people around the world come to acknowledge that gender is something defined along a spectrum rather than a binary concept, the necessity of a gender dysphoria diagnosis needs to be revisited. […] The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is used by mental health practitioners around the world, defines gender dysphoria as psychological distress that results from an incongruence between the gender an individual was assigned at birth and ones gender identity. […] The diagnosis of gender dysphoria has become a requirement for receiving medically necessary gender-affirming care for patients, even though the diagnosis doesnt apply to all trans people. […] Some have called for the American Psychiatric Association, which created and is updating the DSM-5, to remove this diagnosis entirely, as it conflates a social identity with a mental disorder and propagates stigma.

• #19

  https://www.socialworkers.org/Practice/LGBTQIA2S/Gender-Identity-Disorder-and-the-DSM

  Respectfully, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) National Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues (NCLGBTI) holds a position that Gender Identity Disorder, Gender Incongruence, Gender Dysphoria, Transvestic Fetishism and, Transvestic Disorder should not be considered as mental health diagnosis and therefore should be eliminated from the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM). […] A medical diagnosis for transgender individuals, whose self-experienced gender does not match the sex assigned at birth and who require medical services to align the body with the experienced self, is more appropriate and consistent with research and best practices than a mental health diagnosis. […] Including Gender Identity Disorder, Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria in the DSM and assigning a mental diagnosis to individuals with these conditions is misguided and harmful. More appropriate is a medical diagnosis and support for mental health and life coping issues related to the diagnosis.

• #20 Why is a diagnosis of gender dysphoria relevant? | Rainbow Health Ontario

  https://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/trans-health-knowledge-base/why-is-a-diagnosis-of-gender-dysphoria-relevant/

  The usual practice of doctors and other care providers in Ontario is to diagnose someone with gender dysphoria before prescribing them hormones. […] However, the diagnosis of gender dysphoria is what allows the medical insurance system to pay for transition-related health care, including surgeries. […] Gender dysphoria refers to discomfort or distress that is caused by a difference or differences between a persons gender identity and that persons sex assigned at birth (and the associated gender role and/or primary and secondary sex characteristics). […] Some people experience gender dysphoria at such a level that the distress meets criteria for a formal diagnosis that might be classified as a mental disorder. […] A diagnosis of gender dysphoria will likely help you get access to treatment like hormones or transition-related surgeries. […] A doctor cannot keep you from receiving care because you have a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and struggling with dysphoria does not mean you are unable to provide informed consent, which is an important part of any treatment in any health care situation.

• #21 The Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis in Young People Has a “Low Diagnostic Stability,” Finds a New German Study | SEGM

  https://segm.org/gender-dysphoria-diagnosis-desistance-germany

  The Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis in Young People Has a Low Diagnostic Stability, Finds a New German Study. The study suggests that adolescent gender dysphoria may not persist for most. […] For most young people, the gender-identity related diagnosis (F64) does not persist after 5 years. After 5 years, only 36.4% retained the gender identity-related diagnosis on their records. […] The finding of low diagnostic stability of gender identity diagnoses in contemporary youth is consistent with several recent studies showing a high rate of resolution of gender non-contentedness, and significant rates of medical detransition (10-30%). A recent BMJ publication concluded, GD [gender dysphoria] is not a permanent diagnosis. […] This raises important questions about the accuracy of current diagnostic procedures for young people with gender distress, and the possibility that youth who were previously understood as going through developmental struggles related to their emerging sexuality, are currently viewed as „transgender.” This further points to the need to reconsider the clinical significance of the F64 gender identity diagnosis. Administering irreversible endocrine and surgical interventions based on a diagnosis of such poor diagnostic stability is problematic, given the lifelong, irreversible nature of the „gender-affirming” interventions and their lifetime medical burden.

• #22 Gender Dysphoria: Your Assigned Gender vs. Gender Identity

  https://www.webmd.com/sex/gender-dysphoria

  Gender dysphoria isn’t an illness. But the distress from it may be linked to mental health problems, such as anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, depression, substance abuse disorder, eating disorders, and suicide attempts. […] The goal is not to change how the person feels about their gender. Instead, treatment is to address their distress and other emotional harm. […] After transitioning to their desired gender, the person may benefit from therapy. […] If gender dysphoria goes past puberty, studies show that the young person will likely continue to feel that way.

• #23 Gender Dysphoria Statistics in the United States

  https://www.brightpathbh.com/gender-dysphoria-statistics/

  Gender dysphoria refers to psychological distress from misalignment between an individuals gender identity and the sex assigned at birth. This incongruence manifests as discomfort with the physical body, social role, or societal expectations tied to the assigned gender. […] Not all individuals with gender incongruence experience dysphoria. Recognition and support for gender dysphoria emphasize addressing emotional and psychological impacts rather than the identity itself. […] Experiencing gender dysphoria severely impacts mental health and compromises quality of life. […] In the United States, over 55% of young people with gender dysphoria reported experiencing suicidal thoughts in recent years. […] From 2017 to 2021, there was a nearly threefold increase in diagnoses of gender dysphoria among children and adolescents in the U.S., from 15,172 in 2017 to 42,167 in 2021.

• #24 Gender Dysphoria Statistics in the United States

  https://www.brightpathbh.com/gender-dysphoria-statistics/

  73% of trans women and 78% of trans men first experienced gender dysphoria by age 7. […] On average, transgender men live with untreated gender dysphoria for 22.9 years, while transgender women spend an average of 27.1 years before seeking treatment. […] 36% of individuals with gender dysphoria had suicidal thoughts in 2016, rising to 55% by 2019. […] In 2019, 66% of hospitalized youth with gender dysphoria were admitted for suicide attempts or self-harm. […] 61.3% of students with gender dysphoria reported suicidal ideation, over 3 times higher than cisgender peers. […] Gender dysphoria is most strongly felt among young children. […] Yes, Gender Dysphoria is a risk factor for teen suicide. […] Among youth aged 12-22 with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, 30.3% reported at least one suicide attempt.

• #25 Diagnoses — TransHub

  https://www.transhub.org.au/clinicians/diagnoses

  It is important to note that the experience of gender non-conformity or gender dysphoria is not in and of itself a disorder, as discussed in the WPATH SoC 7: transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming individuals are not inherently disordered. Rather, the distress of gender dysphoria, when present, is the concern that might be diagnosable and for which various treatment options are available. […] A diagnosis of gender incongruence is not essential for medical gender affirmation, and the informed consent model can provide a pathway for affirming care that does not require diagnosis. […] Diagnosis is not required for the prescription and provision of gender affirming hormones. […] While diagnosis is not strictly required for gender affirming surgery, a surgical readiness referral is still required.

• #26 Where Transgender Is No Longer a Diagnosis | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-transgender-is-no-longer-a-diagnosis/

  We expect, LBGT Denmark’s Pedersen says, that transgender health care will move more toward informed consent instead of psychiatric evaluations. […] Edwards-Leeper says, it is sending the message that an increasing number of people across the globe do not perceive transgender people as crazy, but as valuable members of society worthy of respect and human rights like everyone else.

• #26 Where Transgender Is No Longer a Diagnosis | Scientific American

  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-transgender-is-no-longer-a-diagnosis/

  At the dawn of 2017 the Danish parliament struck a blow for transgender rights and became the first country to remove trans peoples classification as mentally ill. […] An earlier change occurred in 2013, when gender identity disorder was dropped from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), U.S. psychiatrys bible for diagnosing mental illness. A new condition called gender dysphoria was added to diagnose and treat those transgender individuals who felt distress at the mismatch between their identities and their bodies. […] The Danish action clearly aims to destigmatize being transgender. Removing any association with a problem or syndrome, however, has some experts wondering how it will be possible to label the persons distress and guide treatment when trans people seek medical interventions such as hormone treatment or sex-change surgery.

• #27 Gender dysphoria | Mental Health Foundation

  https://mentalhealth.org.nz/conditions/condition/gender-dysphoria

  In some DHB areas, this is required if you are interested in accessing gender-affirming healthcare, such as taking hormones or getting surgeries. […] In other areas, transgender people can access healthcare by providing informed consent (making the decision themselves, after being given all the necessary information), rather than needing an official diagnosis. […] Biological treatments, like taking hormones and physically altering sex characteristics, can reduce the feeling of mismatch between your body and gender. […] Depending where you live, you may be able to access hormone therapy by providing informed consent to your GP (agreeing to the treatment yourself, after being given all the necessary information), or you may need an assessment by a mental health professional. […] Many transgender people have treatment to change their body permanently so that it is more consistent with their gender. This might include genital surgery, hair removal and chest/breast or other reconstructive surgeries. […] In New Zealand, letters of support are generally required from two mental health specialists for genital surgery, but this is usually reduced to one opinion for non-genital surgery, such as facial surgery and breast (chest reconstruction) surgery.

• #28 Gender Dysphoria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532313/

  The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) currently publishes the Standards of Care (SOC) to provide clinical guidelines for the health care of transsexual, transgender, and gender non-conforming persons in order to maximize the health and well-being of patients with gender dysphoria. […] The criterion is needed, in addition to those listed above, for initiating hormonal treatment before opting for surgical treatment. The individual should be on one year of continuous hormone therapy and living in the desired gender role.

• #29 Diagnoses — TransHub

  https://www.transhub.org.au/clinicians/diagnoses

  Its important to understand that the Standards of Care outline a set of best practice guidelines for gender affirming care as of 2012. Our interpretation of the gender dysphoria component is as an understanding of patients experience of gender incongruence that can be alleviated through gender affirming surgery, and not a requirement of diagnosis of the condition gender dysphoria.

• #30 Article – Billing and Coding: Sex Reassignment Services for Sexual Identity Dysphoria (A53793)

  https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/article.aspx?articleid=53793

  Sexual identity dysphoria is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition, DSM-5 as a condition characterized by the „distress that may accompany the incongruence between ones experienced or expressed gender and ones assigned gender” also known as natal sex, which is the individuals sex determined at birth. […] The diagnosis of sexual identity dysphoria is not made if the individual has a congruent physical intersex condition such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. […] Sexual identity dysphoria cannot be treated by psychotherapy or through medical intervention alone. Integrated therapeutic approaches are used to treat sexual identity dysphoria, including psychological interventions and sex reassignment therapy. […] The criteria for cross sex hormone therapy are as follows: Persistent, well-documented sexual identity dysphoria; Capacity to make a fully informed decision and to consent for treatment; Member must be at least 18 years of age; If significant medical or mental health concerns are present, they must be reasonably well controlled.

• #31

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gender-dysphoria/treatment/

  From around the age of 16, young people with a diagnosis of gender incongruence or gender dysphoria who meet various clinical criteria may be given gender-affirming hormones alongside psychosocial and psychological support. […] By this age, a teenager and the clinic team may be more confident about confirming a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. […] Adults who think they may have gender dysphoria should be referred to a gender dysphoria clinic (GDC). […] GDCs have a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, who offer ongoing assessments, treatments, support and advice. […] The aim of hormone therapy is to make you more comfortable with yourself, both in terms of physical appearance and how you feel. […] It’s important to remember that hormone therapy is only one of the treatments for gender dysphoria.

• #32 Navigating a Gender Dysphoria Diagnosis with Affirmative Care – The Affirmative Couch

  https://affirmativecouch.com/navigating-a-gender-dysphoria-diagnosis-with-affirmative-care/?srsltid=AfmBOoq2gn0bdQBHsdy80K38Tafj2fwbCazw_iQox7qVsmkowxcq8_pf

  The idea of any part of their gender identity being pathologized feels deeply unsafe because historically, it has been. Obtaining a diagnosis can be an emotional and vulnerable process. […] A gender dysphoria diagnosis refers to the clinically significant psychological distress that arises when a person’s biological sex does not align with their gender identity. […] A Gender Dysphoria diagnosis is typically necessary for individuals seeking medical gender-affirming health care (GAHC), such as hormone therapy or transition-related surgeries. This diagnosis serves as a gateway to accessing treatments and is often required by healthcare providers to meet medical necessity criteria for insurance coverage. […] While a diagnosis is often necessary for accessing gender-affirming medical care, it is not a reflection of a person’s identity or validity.

• #33 Gender Dysphoria: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gender-dysphoria

  Because of the healthcare system in the United States, a diagnosis of gender dysphoria is often necessary to receive gender affirming medical care. […] This diagnosis is subjective and will vary depending on the competency of individual providers, geographical location, and laws. […] Furthermore, symptoms of gender dysphoria are not always in alignment with its definition parameters within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which can create barriers to care. […] Finding a gender affirming healthcare professional is essential to receiving proper care for gender dysphoria. […] GAC is often considered lifesaving by those who provide it and those who have access to it. […] Not every trans person experiences gender dysphoria, and not everyone who experiences gender dysphoria is trans. Its most important that those experiencing gender dysphoria receive support and care from their family and social groups, as well as gender affirming care from a qualified healthcare professional.

• #34 ‘Gender dysphoria’ diagnosis shouldn’t be required for gender-affirming care

  https://www.statnews.com/2022/03/11/giving-gender-affirming-care-gender-dysphoria-diagnosis-should-not-be-required/

  My colleagues and I at Transhealth Northampton, a groundbreaking trans-led gender-affirming health care center, see patients who report experiencing gender dysphoria. […] Instead of eliminating the diagnosis of gender dysphoria, insurers could solve the problem by simply not requiring that as a condition for accessing gender-affirming care. […] Providing gender-affirming care to trans people because they are trans, not because they have a specious diagnosis, would have four important outcomes: One would be to help reduce stigma. […] Finally, abandoning the dysphoria diagnosis for insurance reimbursement would also recognize the reality of the trans experience: There is no single way to be trans, just as there is no one way to transition or access medically necessary care. […] Instead, having insurers no longer require a diagnosis of gender dysphoria in order to cover gender-affirming care, moves the countrys system closer to a path of health promotion, one goes beyond treating pathology and fosters wellness. […] Being trans is not a disorder. It is an identity, and it is time for clinicians and insurers to treat provide care to diverse trans communities to act accordingly.

• #35 Diagnoses — TransHub

  https://www.transhub.org.au/clinicians/diagnoses

  Medical gender affirmation does not require a diagnosis, as being trans or gender diverse is not a form of sickness. Historically, gender affirming care was considered treatment for a mental illness that required diagnosis, but modern gender affirming care is moving away from this model. Accessing medical gender affirmation in Australia, unlike the US, does not require a specific diagnosis of gender dysphoria. […] The information on this page relates to any people over the age of 18. […] A diagnosis centric model frames trans people seeking affirmation as being ill or unhealthy and requiring intervention, rather than active participants in the gender-affirming process. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included Gender Dysphoria as a mental disorder that appears as a marked incongruence between ones experience/expressed gender and their presumed gender at birth. While its addition was viewed as a positive step for emphasising an experience of distress rather than a disordered identity, gender dysphoria is not an inherent aspect of being trans and its diagnosis is not a requirement for medical affirmation.

• #36 FAQ about gender dysphoria as a diagnosis – RFSL : RFSL

  https://www.rfsl.se/en/lgbtq-facts/faq-koensdysfori-som-diagnos/

  Today, there are different medical diagnoses used for gender dysphoria, i.e. the suffering that might arise when your assigned gender doesn’t match your gender identity. The diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in the upcoming ICD-11 is gender incongruence of adolescence and adulthood or gender incongruence of childhood. […] In Sweden, a diagnosis of gender dysphoria is required in order to access the gender affirming care that is vital for many trans people. But it’s not the gender identity or being trans that is diagnosed, it’s the gender dysphoria. Not all trans people experience gender dysphoria. […] In order to identify some conditions that may warrant care, healthcare needs to make an assessment. In Sweden today, the assessment of gender dysphoria is made by psychiatry; a field that is competent in treating gender dysphoria.

• #37 Article – Billing and Coding: Sex Reassignment Services for Sexual Identity Dysphoria (A53793)

  https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/article.aspx?articleid=53793

  Readiness criteria for sex reassignment surgery includes the individual demonstrating progress in consolidating sexual identity, and demonstrating progress in dealing with work, family, and interpersonal issues resulting in an improved state of mental health. […] The diagnosis of sexual identity dysphoria is not made if the individual has a congruent physical intersex condition such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. […] Surgical treatment for sexual identity dysphoria may be considered medically necessary when ALL of the following criteria are met: The individual is at least 18 years of age; A sex reassignment treatment plan is created specific to an individual beneficiary; The individual has a documented Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition, DSM-5 diagnosis of sexual identity dysphoria.

• #38 Specialist Gender Assessment | Gender Identity South West

  https://www.genderidentitysouthwest.co.uk/specialist-gender-assessment

  We provide a supportive and compassionate assessment that aims to gain an understanding of a person’s experience of gender related distress and difficulty, establish their needs and goals and explore how they, and we, may be able to help them to feel more comfortable in their gendered self. As part of the assessment a diagnosis of Gender Incongruence (WHO ICD11*) and/or Gender Dysphoria (APA DSM-5) may be provided if appropriate. […] The American Psychiatric Association defines 'Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults’ (DSM-5 Diagnostic code 302.85) as a marked incongruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and their assigned gender, lasting at least 6 months, as manifested by at least two of the following: […] In addition, in order to meet criteria for a diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria, the condition must also be associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

• #39 What the Past Suggests About When a Diagnostic Label Is Oppressive | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/what-past-suggests-about-when-diagnostic-label-oppressive/2023-06

  In light of the potential risks and benefits of diagnosis, what can clinicians do to help patients avoid feeling pathologized? […] Patients should always be asked whether they would like such a diagnosis in their chart, and, if not, the clinician should work with patients to determine what an alternative and appropriate diagnosis would be. […] While alternative diagnoses were used in the days before reimbursement could be secured for diagnoses such as gender dysphoria, it is still important to discuss the option of an alternative diagnosis with patients, given the stigma of any diagnosis, even though gender incongruence can now be used to secure payment. […] By working with the patient to come up with a treatment planincluding the diagnosis that enables reimbursement for their carethe clinician can promote a more patient-centered approach to treatment.

• #40 What the Past Suggests About When a Diagnostic Label Is Oppressive | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/what-past-suggests-about-when-diagnostic-label-oppressive/2023-06

  Additionally, just because a diagnosis of gender incongruence might make a patient eligible for hormonal or surgical therapies does not mean that the patients insurance will cover the said procedures in all cases, so additional discussion with patients on whether access to care would actually improve from having this diagnosis on their charts might be warranted. […] Ultimately, the decision of what diagnosis to use should be made jointly by a patient and a team of clinicians, with the teams acknowledgement that patients can perceive gender-based terminology as both empowering and limiting, depending on the scenario.

• #41 Diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria: Criteria and Clinical Process

  https://healor.com/diagnosis-of-gender-dysphoria/

  Pediatricians and adolescent medicine specialists can contribute to the diagnostic process for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. […] The diagnostic process for gender dysphoria is comprehensive and patient-centered. […] The process begins with an initial assessment and clinical interview conducted by a mental health professional, typically a psychologist or psychiatrist. […] A psychological evaluation may include standardized assessments and questionnaires that help quantify the individual’s distress and the extent of gender dysphoria. […] The mental health professional explores the individual’s gender identity, including their preferred name, pronouns, and the extent of their desired gender expression. […] Assessing co-occurring mental health conditions is crucial as they can impact the diagnostic process and treatment planning.

• #42 Take This Online Gender Dysphoria Test Today | Mind Diagnostics

  http://www.mind-diagnostics.org/gender-dysphoria-test

  Diagnosing and treating gender dysphoria involves collaboration, compassion, and adaptability. Providing a supportive environment and access to experienced professionals can empower individuals to navigate their journey toward authenticity and well-being. […] Recognizing the need for professional help is critical for individuals experiencing gender dysphoria. Early intervention can alleviate distress and provide a pathway to improved mental, emotional, and social well-being. […] Seeking help for gender dysphoria is a courageous step toward self-acceptance and well-being. Timely care and support can transform challenges into opportunities for growth and empowerment.

• #43 Diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria: Criteria and Clinical Process

  https://healor.com/diagnosis-of-gender-dysphoria/

  Once a diagnosis of gender dysphoria is confirmed, mental health professionals collaborate with the individual to create a personalized care plan. […] Cultural competence and sensitivity are integral to the diagnostic process for gender dysphoria. […] Diagnosing gender dysphoria is a complex but essential process that involves a careful assessment by mental health professionals. […] Through culturally competent and patient-centered evaluation, individuals with gender dysphoria can receive the support and treatment they need to navigate their gender journey and achieve better mental health and well-being.

• #44 Gender Dysphoria: Navigating DSM 4 vs 5 Changes in Therapy

  https://therapywisdom.com/understanding-gender-dysphoria-dsm-4vs5/?srsltid=AfmBOoqgZ4lGiLe03KZmZIoG0ulLY1mEE1_um19WX2NjpGb4vg8RRTzA

  The previous Criterion A (cross-gender identification) and Criterion B (aversion toward ones gender) have been merged, because no supporting evidence from factor analytic studies supported keeping the two separate. […] A posttransition specifier has been added because many individuals, after transition, no longer meet criteria for gender dysphoria; however, they continue to undergo various treatments to facilitate life in the desired gender. […] The transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5 in understanding and diagnosing Gender Dysphoria marks a significant progress in the field of mental health.

• #45

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10728-024-00509-8

  Historically, the transgender population has faced prejudice and discrimination within society. The purpose of diagnostic terms is to direct clinical care and facilitate insurance coverage. However, the existence of a medical diagnosis for gender nonconformity can exacerbate the stigmatization of transgender people with adverse consequences on their emotional health and social life. Whether transgenderism and gender dysphoria are indeed a psychopathological condition or even any kind of nosological entity is a contested issue. Many advocates of human rights, trans activists, social scientists, and clinicians support either the removal of gender incongruence from the list of mental disorders or at least its transfer to a separate category. Reforming the classification is an intermediate step toward depathologization and permits access to transgender-related care. Nonetheless, it partly preserves the stigma associated with abnormality and puts the availability of psychiatric care at risk. A more radical approach dictates that the classification of diseases serves exclusively medical purposes and must be dissociated from the respect for the legitimacy of ones autonomy and dignity. In the long term, only a swing in societal values can detach stigma from mental and physical illnesses. Enhancing collective respect for life, human rights, and diversity is the best way to achieve cohesion and well-being among members of society. Health professionals can be pioneers of social change in this field. […] Gender incongruence is no longer a mental disorder.

• #46 Gender Dysphoria | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/gender-dysphoria/

  The diagnosis for children has been separated from that for adults. […] In order for children to be assigned this diagnostic category, they must verbalize their desire to become the other gender. […] In adolescents and adults, symptoms include the desire to be and to be treated as the other gender. […] The diagnosis of gender dysphoria may help resolve some of these issues, because the term gender dysphoria applies only to the discontent experienced by some persons resulting from gender identity issues, rather than suggesting that their identity is disordered. […] However, because gender dysphoria is classified as a disorder in the DSM-5, many insurance companies are willing to cover some of the expenses related to gender-affirming surgery. […] A post-transition specifier was also added for transgender individuals who have transitioned to their experienced gender (i.e., undergone gender affirming hormonal or surgical procedures to alter their body in a way that matches their experienced gender identity). […] The link seems to be neuroanatomical and needs more research. […] A genetic association is also identified as one of the causes of GD.

• #47 The mean age of gender dysphoria diagnosis is decreasing | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/36/3/e100972

  The estimated prevalence of GD diagnosis increased significantly from 2017 to 2021. The mean (standard error (SE)) age at GD diagnosis decreased from 31.49 (0.105) in 2017 to 26.27 (0.063) in 2021 (p0.001). […] The logistic regression analysis resulted in a significant interaction between assigned sex at birth and age at diagnosis, indicating that the association between age at diagnosis and GD diagnosis varied by the sex assigned at birth. […] Our study demonstrated a climbing prevalence of GD, especially in AFABs. While further studies are warranted to determine the persistence of the diagnosis, we encourage youth to explore their gender identity with a non-biased stance, educate the public on gender diversity, and call upon clinicians to provide timely assessment for children and youth with GD concerns.

• #48 The mean age of gender dysphoria diagnosis is decreasing | General Psychiatry

  https://gpsych.bmj.com/content/36/3/e100972

  Gender dysphoria (GD), or gender identity disorder, is defined as persistent distress stemming from the incongruence between ones assigned sex at birth and gender identity. GD has traditionally been introduced as a rare condition predominant in assigned males at birth (AMABs). However, recent studies have shown an upward trend in assigned females at birth (AFABs) with a dramatic reversal of the AMAB:AFAB ratio. The actual AMAB:AFAB ratio varies by age group and study population. Questions have been raised concerning the increasing number of youth who seek professional care for GD, especially adolescent AFABs. […] Study subjects were defined as patients aged 465 with a diagnosis of gender identity disorder (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, ICD-10: F64). Patients with GD were compared with all patients aged 465 in the database.

• #49 Gender Dysphoria DSM-5 302.85 (F64.9)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/gender-dysphoria-dsm–5-302.85-(f64.9)

  The second necessity is that the condition should be connected with clinically important distress, or affects the individual significantly socially, at work, and in other import areas of life. […] Current case reports offer no evidence that psychotherapy offers total and long-standing about face of cross-gender identity. […] Early diagnosis and treatment decreases the chance for individuals to suffer depression, emotional agony, and to attempt suicide. […] It is equally significant to state that gender dysphoria is not identical to homosexuality. […] Fortunately treatment options exist that are beneficial for gender dysphoria, and these consist of psychotherapy, pharmacologic therapy, as well as other nonpharmacologic therapies, and sexual reassignment surgery (SRS). […] It should be stated that SRS does not automatically mean any issue is resolved, and much psychotherapy may be needed after the procedure in order to improve outcome generally.

• #50 Take This Online Gender Dysphoria Test Today | Mind Diagnostics

  https://www.mind-diagnostics.org/gender-dysphoria-test

  Diagnosing and treating gender dysphoria involves collaboration, compassion, and adaptability. Providing a supportive environment and access to experienced professionals can empower individuals to navigate their journey toward authenticity and well-being. […] Recognizing the need for professional help is critical for individuals experiencing gender dysphoria. Early intervention can alleviate distress and provide a pathway to improved mental, emotional, and social well-being. […] Seeking help for gender dysphoria is a courageous step toward self-acceptance and well-being. Timely care and support can transform challenges into opportunities for growth and empowerment.

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