Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. […] Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] Outdoor UV exposure without protection is the main risk factor, although indoor tanning beds, immunosuppression, family history and rare congenital diseases, moles, and obesity contribute to the disease. […] Primary prevention initiatives in Australia implemented since 1988, such as education on sun-protection, have increased sun-screen usage and curbed melanoma incidence, which peaked in Australia in 2005.

• #2 Melanoma Epidemiology: Symptoms, Causes, and Preventions | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/83632

  Melanoma arises from melanocyte cells. Melanoma spreads faster than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) if not diagnosed and treated early. Melanoma is a rare kind of skin cancer, although it causes 75% of skin cancer deaths. Detection and treatment of melanoma in its early stages are typically curable. Once melanoma spreads further into the skin or other organs, it becomes incurable and potentially lethal. Early detection of melanoma in the United States is anticipated to result in a 5-year survival rate of roughly 99%. […] Melanoma is a severe kind of skin cancer originating in cells called melanocytes. Despite being less prevalent than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma is more deadly due to its tendency to migrate to other organs if not treated early rapidly. Melanoma is one of the less prevalent forms of skin cancer, although it is responsible for most (75%) of skin cancer-related fatalities.

• #3 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8544364/

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] The incidence of melanoma has increased in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries over the past decades. Melanoma is now the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in the US. […] Melanoma has seen one of the fastest expansions in incidence among cancers in developed countries. In the US, melanoma incidence grew from 7.9/100,000 in 1975 to 25.3/100,000 in 2018, an over 320% increase.

• #4 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  In the US, melanoma incidence is not projected to peak until 2022–2026. […] Lesion-directed skin screening programs, especially for those at risk, have also cost-efficiently reduced melanoma mortality. […] The incidence of melanoma has increased in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries over the past decades. […] Melanoma is now the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in the US. […] Melanoma has seen one of the fastest expansions in incidence among cancers in developed countries. […] In the US, melanoma incidence grew from 7.9/100,000 in 1975 to 25.3/100,000 in 2018, an over 320% increase. […] The mortality rate in the US was 2.0/100,000 in 2018, as compared to a high of 2.8/100,000 in 2009. […] Melanoma accounts for over 80% of skin cancer deaths. […] The most recent 5-year survival rate (2011–2017) according to SEER is 93.3% for melanoma, up from 81.9% in 1975. […] Screening is recommended for those with risk factors such as family or prior history, congenital diseases, predisposing lifestyle/occupation, and high-risk demographics, in particular older, white men.

• #5 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Invasive melanoma accounts for 1% of all skin cancer cases. It’s the least common but deadliest skin cancer. In 2025 in the United States, it is estimated that: […] There will be 212,200 cases of melanoma diagnosed. Of those, 107,240 cases will be noninvasive (in situ) and 104,960 cases will be invasive. Of the invasive cases, 60,550 cases will occur in men. 44,410 cases will occur in women. […] There will be 8,430 deaths from the disease. 5,470 will be men. 2,960 will be women. […] Anyone, regardless of skin tone, can develop melanoma, but not all Americans are at equal risk of developing melanoma: A family history of melanoma, along with the presence of more than 50 moles, increases the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 100 moles increases the risk of developing melanoma by seven-fold. Inheriting a fair complexion, light skin tone prone to freckling, and light-colored eyes are significant risk factors for melanoma. Five to ten percent of all people with melanoma have a family history of melanoma. Non-Hispanic Whites have an incidence rate 34 times higher than non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, seven times higher than Hispanics and three times higher than American Indians/Alaska Natives.

• #6 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Melanoma incidence has risen steadily in past years: In the past 15 years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 46%. In the past ten years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 32%. In the past five years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 16%. The number of invasive melanomas diagnosed in the US in 2007 was only 59,944, whereas in 2025 the number is estimated to be over 104,000. […] The incidence of melanoma in men and women is different at different ages: Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer among adult men and women. Before the age of 50, incidence rates are higher in women than in men. By age 65, rates in men double those in women, and by age 80 rates are triple. Melanoma is the third most common cancer among men and women aged 20-39.

• #7 Melanoma; Epidemiology, prevention, screening and surveillance

  https://oncologypro.esmo.org/education-library/esmo-books/essentials-for-clinicians/melanoma-other-skin-cancers/chap-1-epidemiology-prevention-screening-and-surveillance

  Malignant melanoma (MM) arises from melanocytes responsible for pigmentation, which are located in the skin, mucosa, central nervous system or uveal tract of the eye. […] Worldwide, cutaneous MM (cuMM) comprises 1.7% cases of all newly diagnosed primary malignant cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer [NMSC]). […] Incidence and mortality vary substantially between continents with low incidences in Asia and the highest incidences in Australia. […] In Europe the overall incidence of cuMM is rising rapidly with highest rates in northern and north-western countries such as the UK, Ireland and the Netherlands, and lowest rates in Portugal and Spain. […] Currently, cuMM is the sixth most common tumour in men and women in Europe across all malignancies (NMSC included in other cancers).

• #8 Malignant Melanoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280245-overview

  Worldwide, the incidence of malignant melanoma has increased rapidly over the past 50 years, with the highest incidence in fair-skinned populations and in geographic areas closest to the equator. Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, at an age-standardized rate of 32.5 cases per 100,000 population. […] Melanoma is more common in Whites than in Blacks and Asians. The rate of melanoma in Blacks is estimated to be one twentieth that of Whites. White people with dark skin also have a much lower risk of developing melanoma than do those with light skin. […] Overall, melanoma is the fifth most common malignancy in the US population, accounting for 6% of all new cancer cases in men and 4% of all new cases in women. However, the relative incidence of melanoma in men and women varies by age: in people younger than 50 years of age, incidence rates are higher in women than in men, but thereafter rates are much higher in men. […] The median age at diagnosis is 66 years, and 80% of patients are 45 to 84 years old.

• #9 Melanoma Skin Cancer Statistics | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

  Cancer of the skin is by far the most common of all cancers in the United States. Melanoma accounts for only about 1% of skin cancers but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths. […] The American Cancer Societys estimates for melanoma in the United States for 2025 are: About 104,960 new melanomas will be diagnosed (about 60,550 in men and 44,410 in women). About 8,430 people are expected to die of melanoma (about 5,470 men and 2,960 women). […] Melanoma death rates declined rapidly from 2013 to 2022, largely because of advances in treatment. […] Having lighter skin color is a major risk factor for melanoma. Overall, the lifetime risk of getting melanoma is about 3% (1 in 33) for White people, 0.1% (1 in 1,000) for Black people, and 0.5% (1 in 200) for Hispanic people. […] The risk of melanoma increases as people age. The average age of people when it is diagnosed is 66. But melanoma is not uncommon even among those younger than 30. In fact, its one of the most common cancers in young adults (especially young women).

• #10 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Invasive melanoma accounts for 1% of all skin cancer cases. It’s the least common but deadliest skin cancer. In 2025 in the United States, it is estimated that: […] There will be 212,200 cases of melanoma diagnosed. Of those, 107,240 cases will be noninvasive (in situ) and 104,960 cases will be invasive. Of the invasive cases, 60,550 cases will occur in men. 44,410 cases will occur in women. […] There will be 8,430 deaths from the disease. 5,470 will be men. 2,960 will be women. […] Anyone, regardless of skin tone, can develop melanoma, but not all Americans are at equal risk of developing melanoma: A family history of melanoma, along with the presence of more than 50 moles, increases the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 100 moles increases the risk of developing melanoma by seven-fold. Inheriting a fair complexion, light skin tone prone to freckling, and light-colored eyes are significant risk factors for melanoma. Five to ten percent of all people with melanoma have a family history of melanoma. Non-Hispanic Whites have an incidence rate 34 times higher than non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, seven times higher than Hispanics and three times higher than American Indians/Alaska Natives.

• #11 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/melanoma/98015

  Melanoma mortality in the U.S. has declined by 30% since 2011, coinciding with the approval of multiple new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. […] Melanoma occurs most often in older white men. The mean age at diagnosis is 65, and two thirds of all new cases involve people ages 55 to 84. Melanoma incidence is 34.7 per 100,000 among white men and 22.1 per 100,000 in white women — compared with incidence rates of 1.0 and 0.9 per 100,000 among Black men and women and 5.0 per 100,000 in Hispanic men and women. […] The presence of numerous or atypical moles, including dysplastic nevi, increases the risk of melanoma. A family history of melanoma increases the likelihood, and about 10% of melanomas involve people with a positive family history. […] Immunosuppressed individuals also have an increased risk of melanoma. The observation is consistent with evidence that low doses of UVA or UVB are associated with decreased immunosurveillance by multiple types of immune cells.

• #12 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Melanoma incidence has risen steadily in past years: In the past 15 years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 46%. In the past ten years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 32%. In the past five years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 16%. The number of invasive melanomas diagnosed in the US in 2007 was only 59,944, whereas in 2025 the number is estimated to be over 104,000. […] The incidence of melanoma in men and women is different at different ages: Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer among adult men and women. Before the age of 50, incidence rates are higher in women than in men. By age 65, rates in men double those in women, and by age 80 rates are triple. Melanoma is the third most common cancer among men and women aged 20-39.

• #13 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  In the U.S., fewer than 300 cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year among children and young adults younger than 19 years. Pediatric melanoma is a rare disease, with females significantly more likely than males to be diagnosed. […] Melanoma is not a prevalent cancer: In 2021 an estimated 1,449,916 people were living with melanoma of the skin in the United States. Melanoma represents 5% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in the U.S. Each day 267 cases of invasive melanoma are diagnosed in the U.S., which means 11 individuals learn they have melanoma every hour. […] The link between melanoma and sun—especially sunburn—is abundantly clear: The vast majority of melanomas are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. Your risk for melanoma doubles if you’ve had more than five sunburns. One blistering sunburn in childhood or adolescence more than doubles your chances of developing melanoma later in life.

• #14 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Melanoma incidence has risen steadily in past years: In the past 15 years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 46%. In the past ten years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 32%. In the past five years, the number of new invasive melanomas diagnosed annually increased by 16%. The number of invasive melanomas diagnosed in the US in 2007 was only 59,944, whereas in 2025 the number is estimated to be over 104,000. […] The incidence of melanoma in men and women is different at different ages: Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer among adult men and women. Before the age of 50, incidence rates are higher in women than in men. By age 65, rates in men double those in women, and by age 80 rates are triple. Melanoma is the third most common cancer among men and women aged 20-39.

• #15 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/28/6/1005.short

  This article reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnosis of melanoma. […] Data on melanoma from the majority of countries show a rapid increase of the incidence of this cancer, with a slowing of the rate of incidence in the period 1990-2000. […] Males are approximately 1.5-times more likely to develop melanoma than females, while according to other studies, the different prevalence in both sexes must be analyzed in relation with age: the incidence rate of melanoma is greater in women than men until they reach the age of 40 years, however, by 75 years of age, the incidence is almost 3-times as high in men versus women. […] The most important and potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for developing malignant melanoma is the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays because of their genotoxic effect.

• #16 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/28/6/1005.short

  This article reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnosis of melanoma. […] Data on melanoma from the majority of countries show a rapid increase of the incidence of this cancer, with a slowing of the rate of incidence in the period 1990-2000. […] Males are approximately 1.5-times more likely to develop melanoma than females, while according to other studies, the different prevalence in both sexes must be analyzed in relation with age: the incidence rate of melanoma is greater in women than men until they reach the age of 40 years, however, by 75 years of age, the incidence is almost 3-times as high in men versus women. […] The most important and potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for developing malignant melanoma is the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays because of their genotoxic effect.

• #17 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. […] Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] Outdoor UV exposure without protection is the main risk factor, although indoor tanning beds, immunosuppression, family history and rare congenital diseases, moles, and obesity contribute to the disease. […] Primary prevention initiatives in Australia implemented since 1988, such as education on sun-protection, have increased sun-screen usage and curbed melanoma incidence, which peaked in Australia in 2005.

• #18 Melanoma Skin Cancer Statistics | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/about/key-statistics.html

  Cancer of the skin is by far the most common of all cancers in the United States. Melanoma accounts for only about 1% of skin cancers but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths. […] The American Cancer Societys estimates for melanoma in the United States for 2025 are: About 104,960 new melanomas will be diagnosed (about 60,550 in men and 44,410 in women). About 8,430 people are expected to die of melanoma (about 5,470 men and 2,960 women). […] Melanoma death rates declined rapidly from 2013 to 2022, largely because of advances in treatment. […] Having lighter skin color is a major risk factor for melanoma. Overall, the lifetime risk of getting melanoma is about 3% (1 in 33) for White people, 0.1% (1 in 1,000) for Black people, and 0.5% (1 in 200) for Hispanic people. […] The risk of melanoma increases as people age. The average age of people when it is diagnosed is 66. But melanoma is not uncommon even among those younger than 30. In fact, its one of the most common cancers in young adults (especially young women).

• #19 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  In the US, melanoma incidence is not projected to peak until 2022–2026. […] Lesion-directed skin screening programs, especially for those at risk, have also cost-efficiently reduced melanoma mortality. […] The incidence of melanoma has increased in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries over the past decades. […] Melanoma is now the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in the US. […] Melanoma has seen one of the fastest expansions in incidence among cancers in developed countries. […] In the US, melanoma incidence grew from 7.9/100,000 in 1975 to 25.3/100,000 in 2018, an over 320% increase. […] The mortality rate in the US was 2.0/100,000 in 2018, as compared to a high of 2.8/100,000 in 2009. […] Melanoma accounts for over 80% of skin cancer deaths. […] The most recent 5-year survival rate (2011–2017) according to SEER is 93.3% for melanoma, up from 81.9% in 1975. […] Screening is recommended for those with risk factors such as family or prior history, congenital diseases, predisposing lifestyle/occupation, and high-risk demographics, in particular older, white men.

• #20 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  The link between melanoma and indoor tanning is also devastatingly clear: The International Agency of Research on Cancer, a division of the World Health Organization, has declared ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices as carcinogenic agents. These devices were elevated to the highest cancer risk category, which includes other carcinogens such as radon, tobacco, and asbestos. Using indoor tanning beds and other indoor devices before the age of 35 substantially increases your risk of melanoma, and that risk increases with each subsequent use. […] There has been a significant rise in overall five-year survival in patients with melanoma over the last decade. This rise in survival is likely due to improved treatments that became available beginning in 2011. 5,470 males and 2,960 females in the U.S. will succumb to melanoma during 2025. Five-year relative survival rates, based on data from 2014-2020: For all stages = 94%. Local (Stages I and II) = >99%. Regional (Stage III) = 75%. Distant (Stage IV) = 35%.

• #21 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. […] Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] Outdoor UV exposure without protection is the main risk factor, although indoor tanning beds, immunosuppression, family history and rare congenital diseases, moles, and obesity contribute to the disease. […] Primary prevention initiatives in Australia implemented since 1988, such as education on sun-protection, have increased sun-screen usage and curbed melanoma incidence, which peaked in Australia in 2005.

• #22 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  The link between melanoma and indoor tanning is also devastatingly clear: The International Agency of Research on Cancer, a division of the World Health Organization, has declared ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices as carcinogenic agents. These devices were elevated to the highest cancer risk category, which includes other carcinogens such as radon, tobacco, and asbestos. Using indoor tanning beds and other indoor devices before the age of 35 substantially increases your risk of melanoma, and that risk increases with each subsequent use. […] There has been a significant rise in overall five-year survival in patients with melanoma over the last decade. This rise in survival is likely due to improved treatments that became available beginning in 2011. 5,470 males and 2,960 females in the U.S. will succumb to melanoma during 2025. Five-year relative survival rates, based on data from 2014-2020: For all stages = 94%. Local (Stages I and II) = >99%. Regional (Stage III) = 75%. Distant (Stage IV) = 35%.

• #23 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. […] Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] Outdoor UV exposure without protection is the main risk factor, although indoor tanning beds, immunosuppression, family history and rare congenital diseases, moles, and obesity contribute to the disease. […] Primary prevention initiatives in Australia implemented since 1988, such as education on sun-protection, have increased sun-screen usage and curbed melanoma incidence, which peaked in Australia in 2005.

• #24 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/28/6/1005.short

  This article reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnosis of melanoma. […] Data on melanoma from the majority of countries show a rapid increase of the incidence of this cancer, with a slowing of the rate of incidence in the period 1990-2000. […] Males are approximately 1.5-times more likely to develop melanoma than females, while according to other studies, the different prevalence in both sexes must be analyzed in relation with age: the incidence rate of melanoma is greater in women than men until they reach the age of 40 years, however, by 75 years of age, the incidence is almost 3-times as high in men versus women. […] The most important and potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for developing malignant melanoma is the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays because of their genotoxic effect.

• #25 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  In the U.S., fewer than 300 cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year among children and young adults younger than 19 years. Pediatric melanoma is a rare disease, with females significantly more likely than males to be diagnosed. […] Melanoma is not a prevalent cancer: In 2021 an estimated 1,449,916 people were living with melanoma of the skin in the United States. Melanoma represents 5% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in the U.S. Each day 267 cases of invasive melanoma are diagnosed in the U.S., which means 11 individuals learn they have melanoma every hour. […] The link between melanoma and sun—especially sunburn—is abundantly clear: The vast majority of melanomas are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. Your risk for melanoma doubles if you’ve had more than five sunburns. One blistering sunburn in childhood or adolescence more than doubles your chances of developing melanoma later in life.

• #26 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  The link between melanoma and indoor tanning is also devastatingly clear: The International Agency of Research on Cancer, a division of the World Health Organization, has declared ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices as carcinogenic agents. These devices were elevated to the highest cancer risk category, which includes other carcinogens such as radon, tobacco, and asbestos. Using indoor tanning beds and other indoor devices before the age of 35 substantially increases your risk of melanoma, and that risk increases with each subsequent use. […] There has been a significant rise in overall five-year survival in patients with melanoma over the last decade. This rise in survival is likely due to improved treatments that became available beginning in 2011. 5,470 males and 2,960 females in the U.S. will succumb to melanoma during 2025. Five-year relative survival rates, based on data from 2014-2020: For all stages = 94%. Local (Stages I and II) = >99%. Regional (Stage III) = 75%. Distant (Stage IV) = 35%.

• #27 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Invasive melanoma accounts for 1% of all skin cancer cases. It’s the least common but deadliest skin cancer. In 2025 in the United States, it is estimated that: […] There will be 212,200 cases of melanoma diagnosed. Of those, 107,240 cases will be noninvasive (in situ) and 104,960 cases will be invasive. Of the invasive cases, 60,550 cases will occur in men. 44,410 cases will occur in women. […] There will be 8,430 deaths from the disease. 5,470 will be men. 2,960 will be women. […] Anyone, regardless of skin tone, can develop melanoma, but not all Americans are at equal risk of developing melanoma: A family history of melanoma, along with the presence of more than 50 moles, increases the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 100 moles increases the risk of developing melanoma by seven-fold. Inheriting a fair complexion, light skin tone prone to freckling, and light-colored eyes are significant risk factors for melanoma. Five to ten percent of all people with melanoma have a family history of melanoma. Non-Hispanic Whites have an incidence rate 34 times higher than non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, seven times higher than Hispanics and three times higher than American Indians/Alaska Natives.

• #28 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Invasive melanoma accounts for 1% of all skin cancer cases. It’s the least common but deadliest skin cancer. In 2025 in the United States, it is estimated that: […] There will be 212,200 cases of melanoma diagnosed. Of those, 107,240 cases will be noninvasive (in situ) and 104,960 cases will be invasive. Of the invasive cases, 60,550 cases will occur in men. 44,410 cases will occur in women. […] There will be 8,430 deaths from the disease. 5,470 will be men. 2,960 will be women. […] Anyone, regardless of skin tone, can develop melanoma, but not all Americans are at equal risk of developing melanoma: A family history of melanoma, along with the presence of more than 50 moles, increases the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 100 moles increases the risk of developing melanoma by seven-fold. Inheriting a fair complexion, light skin tone prone to freckling, and light-colored eyes are significant risk factors for melanoma. Five to ten percent of all people with melanoma have a family history of melanoma. Non-Hispanic Whites have an incidence rate 34 times higher than non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, seven times higher than Hispanics and three times higher than American Indians/Alaska Natives.

• #29 Facts & Statistics – AIM at Melanoma Foundation

  https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/facts-statistics/

  Invasive melanoma accounts for 1% of all skin cancer cases. It’s the least common but deadliest skin cancer. In 2025 in the United States, it is estimated that: […] There will be 212,200 cases of melanoma diagnosed. Of those, 107,240 cases will be noninvasive (in situ) and 104,960 cases will be invasive. Of the invasive cases, 60,550 cases will occur in men. 44,410 cases will occur in women. […] There will be 8,430 deaths from the disease. 5,470 will be men. 2,960 will be women. […] Anyone, regardless of skin tone, can develop melanoma, but not all Americans are at equal risk of developing melanoma: A family history of melanoma, along with the presence of more than 50 moles, increases the risk of developing melanoma. Having more than 100 moles increases the risk of developing melanoma by seven-fold. Inheriting a fair complexion, light skin tone prone to freckling, and light-colored eyes are significant risk factors for melanoma. Five to ten percent of all people with melanoma have a family history of melanoma. Non-Hispanic Whites have an incidence rate 34 times higher than non-Hispanic Black and Asian/Pacific Islander populations, seven times higher than Hispanics and three times higher than American Indians/Alaska Natives.

• #30 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/melanoma/98015

  Melanoma mortality in the U.S. has declined by 30% since 2011, coinciding with the approval of multiple new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. […] Melanoma occurs most often in older white men. The mean age at diagnosis is 65, and two thirds of all new cases involve people ages 55 to 84. Melanoma incidence is 34.7 per 100,000 among white men and 22.1 per 100,000 in white women — compared with incidence rates of 1.0 and 0.9 per 100,000 among Black men and women and 5.0 per 100,000 in Hispanic men and women. […] The presence of numerous or atypical moles, including dysplastic nevi, increases the risk of melanoma. A family history of melanoma increases the likelihood, and about 10% of melanomas involve people with a positive family history. […] Immunosuppressed individuals also have an increased risk of melanoma. The observation is consistent with evidence that low doses of UVA or UVB are associated with decreased immunosurveillance by multiple types of immune cells.

• #31 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/28/6/1005.short

  Artificial UV exposure may play a role in the development of melanoma. […] The most important host risk factors are the number of melanocytic nevi, family history and genetic susceptibility. […] A patient with a personal history of melanoma must be considered at greater risk for subsequent melanoma. […] Indeed approximately 1-8% of patients with prior history of melanoma will develop multiple primary melanomas. […] We herein review the dermatological diagnosis and classification of melanoma.

• #32 Melanoma: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment | MedPage Today

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/medical-journeys/melanoma/98015

  Melanoma mortality in the U.S. has declined by 30% since 2011, coinciding with the approval of multiple new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. […] Melanoma occurs most often in older white men. The mean age at diagnosis is 65, and two thirds of all new cases involve people ages 55 to 84. Melanoma incidence is 34.7 per 100,000 among white men and 22.1 per 100,000 in white women — compared with incidence rates of 1.0 and 0.9 per 100,000 among Black men and women and 5.0 per 100,000 in Hispanic men and women. […] The presence of numerous or atypical moles, including dysplastic nevi, increases the risk of melanoma. A family history of melanoma increases the likelihood, and about 10% of melanomas involve people with a positive family history. […] Immunosuppressed individuals also have an increased risk of melanoma. The observation is consistent with evidence that low doses of UVA or UVB are associated with decreased immunosurveillance by multiple types of immune cells.

• #33 Melanoma surveillance in the United States: Overview of methods – EM consulte

  https://www.em-consulte.com/article/666115/melanoma-surveillance-in-the-united-states-overvie

  Melanoma skin cancer is particularly deadly; more than 8000 US residents die from it each year. […] Although recent reports suggest that melanoma incidence rates have been increasing, these apparent increases could be caused by an increase in reporting and/or screening, and by an actual increase in the occurrence of melanoma. […] In this report, we describe methods used in this supplement to assess the current burden of melanoma in the United States using data from two federal cancer surveillance programs: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. […] Cancer incidence data from population-based cancer registries that participate in the CDC National Program of Cancer Registries and/or the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program covering 78% of the US population for 2004 to 2006 were used.

• #34 Melanoma of the Skin — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 104,960. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 8,430. […] Melanoma of the skin represents 5.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 104,960 new cases of melanoma of the skin and an estimated 8,430 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of melanoma of the skin was 21.9 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018–2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] For melanoma of the skin, death rates are higher among the middle-aged and elderly. The death rate was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019–2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new melanoma of the skin cases have been rising on average 1.2% each year over 2013–2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 2.8% each year over 2014–2023.

• #35 Melanoma of the Skin — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 104,960. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 8,430. […] Melanoma of the skin represents 5.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 104,960 new cases of melanoma of the skin and an estimated 8,430 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of melanoma of the skin was 21.9 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018–2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] For melanoma of the skin, death rates are higher among the middle-aged and elderly. The death rate was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019–2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new melanoma of the skin cases have been rising on average 1.2% each year over 2013–2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 2.8% each year over 2014–2023.

• #36

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  Post-treatment follow-up and long-term surveillance of people with a history of melanoma improves the likelihood that recurrence (or a new primary melanoma) will be identified early. […] Follow-up is essential to identify melanoma recurrence as early as possible. […] Clinical follow-up is essential to provide a more comprehensive assessment for recurrence or the development of a new primary tumour, the detection of lymphoedema, to evaluate the clinical significance of any reported symptoms and to deliver ongoing education, reassurance and psychosocial support. […] Approximately 5 10% of patients develop a second invasive melanoma and more than 20% develop a new melanoma in situ at some point after their initial diagnosis. […] The risk of local melanoma recurrence or metastases varies substantially between patients and is most strongly correlated with their staging at diagnosis.

• #37

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  Post-treatment follow-up and long-term surveillance of people with a history of melanoma improves the likelihood that recurrence (or a new primary melanoma) will be identified early. […] Follow-up is essential to identify melanoma recurrence as early as possible. […] Clinical follow-up is essential to provide a more comprehensive assessment for recurrence or the development of a new primary tumour, the detection of lymphoedema, to evaluate the clinical significance of any reported symptoms and to deliver ongoing education, reassurance and psychosocial support. […] Approximately 5 10% of patients develop a second invasive melanoma and more than 20% develop a new melanoma in situ at some point after their initial diagnosis. […] The risk of local melanoma recurrence or metastases varies substantially between patients and is most strongly correlated with their staging at diagnosis.

• #38

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  Post-treatment follow-up and long-term surveillance of people with a history of melanoma improves the likelihood that recurrence (or a new primary melanoma) will be identified early. […] Follow-up is essential to identify melanoma recurrence as early as possible. […] Clinical follow-up is essential to provide a more comprehensive assessment for recurrence or the development of a new primary tumour, the detection of lymphoedema, to evaluate the clinical significance of any reported symptoms and to deliver ongoing education, reassurance and psychosocial support. […] Approximately 5 10% of patients develop a second invasive melanoma and more than 20% develop a new melanoma in situ at some point after their initial diagnosis. […] The risk of local melanoma recurrence or metastases varies substantially between patients and is most strongly correlated with their staging at diagnosis.

• #39

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  Post-treatment follow-up and long-term surveillance of people with a history of melanoma improves the likelihood that recurrence (or a new primary melanoma) will be identified early. […] Follow-up is essential to identify melanoma recurrence as early as possible. […] Clinical follow-up is essential to provide a more comprehensive assessment for recurrence or the development of a new primary tumour, the detection of lymphoedema, to evaluate the clinical significance of any reported symptoms and to deliver ongoing education, reassurance and psychosocial support. […] Approximately 5 10% of patients develop a second invasive melanoma and more than 20% develop a new melanoma in situ at some point after their initial diagnosis. […] The risk of local melanoma recurrence or metastases varies substantially between patients and is most strongly correlated with their staging at diagnosis.

• #40

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  It is estimated that up to 75% of melanoma recurrences are first detected by the patient, rather than by a health practitioner. […] After the initial treatment of a patient with melanoma, a lead clinician needs to be nominated to maintain and action patient follow-up. […] The objectives of follow-up are to detect any potential recurrence or new melanoma that may not have been identified by the patient during self-checks and to detect lymphoedema. […] There is limited evidence to guide the ideal follow-up schedule for patients with a history of melanoma. […] The frequency and duration of clinical follow-up is generally based on the patients staging at diagnosis but may need to be individualised depending on the patients needs, objectives or other circumstances. […] Routine follow-up with cross-sectional imaging (e.g. CT and MRI) is generally only indicated for patients with stage II-C melanoma onwards, or when recurrence or metastatic disease is suspected based on clinical presentation, history or findings on ultrasound examination.

• #41 Skin Cancer Surveillance Strategies: Digital Applications, Self-examination, and More.

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/skin-cancer-and-self-exams

  Melanomas are notoriously difficult to discover and diagnose. […] Melanoma survival rates are dramatically improved if a melanoma is detected early, especially when the malignant cells are confined to the tissue of origin called melanoma in situ or level 1 melanoma. […] For these reasons, it is recommended that any concerning lesion is presented to the appropriate physician as soon as possible. […] It is recommended that each person is to look out for changes to their skins appearance through skin self-examination. […] Given the need to closely inspect for changes to the skin, photographic skin surveillance, such as digital dermoscopy of individual lesions and full-body photography, have emerged and are now recommended. […] The Melanoma Institute Australia actively recommends the use of photos in the skin self-examination process: The best way to monitor changes on your skin is by taking photographs every few months and comparing them to identify any changes.

• #42

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  It is estimated that up to 75% of melanoma recurrences are first detected by the patient, rather than by a health practitioner. […] After the initial treatment of a patient with melanoma, a lead clinician needs to be nominated to maintain and action patient follow-up. […] The objectives of follow-up are to detect any potential recurrence or new melanoma that may not have been identified by the patient during self-checks and to detect lymphoedema. […] There is limited evidence to guide the ideal follow-up schedule for patients with a history of melanoma. […] The frequency and duration of clinical follow-up is generally based on the patients staging at diagnosis but may need to be individualised depending on the patients needs, objectives or other circumstances. […] Routine follow-up with cross-sectional imaging (e.g. CT and MRI) is generally only indicated for patients with stage II-C melanoma onwards, or when recurrence or metastatic disease is suspected based on clinical presentation, history or findings on ultrasound examination.

• #43 JMIR Dermatology – Perspectives and Experiences of Patient-Led Melanoma Surveillance Using Digital Technologies From Clinicians Involved in the MEL-SELF Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial: Qualitative Interview Study

  https://derma.jmir.org/2022/4/e40623

  Teledermatology could both increase patient access to a dermatological opinion and reduce the need for routinely scheduled clinic visits. […] This may especially benefit patients living in rural and remote areas, reduce the burden on the health care system, and free up clinician time. […] For patient-conducted teledermoscopy to deliver high-value care, strategies are needed to both facilitate potential benefits and inhibit potential harms (particularly from medical overuse). […] There was an agreement among clinicians that patient-led surveillance is a good idea. […] Teledermatology was thought to increase access to dermatology services for rural and remote patients and enable continuity of care for all patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby facilitating the early detection of melanomas.

• #44

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  It is estimated that up to 75% of melanoma recurrences are first detected by the patient, rather than by a health practitioner. […] After the initial treatment of a patient with melanoma, a lead clinician needs to be nominated to maintain and action patient follow-up. […] The objectives of follow-up are to detect any potential recurrence or new melanoma that may not have been identified by the patient during self-checks and to detect lymphoedema. […] There is limited evidence to guide the ideal follow-up schedule for patients with a history of melanoma. […] The frequency and duration of clinical follow-up is generally based on the patients staging at diagnosis but may need to be individualised depending on the patients needs, objectives or other circumstances. […] Routine follow-up with cross-sectional imaging (e.g. CT and MRI) is generally only indicated for patients with stage II-C melanoma onwards, or when recurrence or metastatic disease is suspected based on clinical presentation, history or findings on ultrasound examination.

• #45

  https://bpac.org.nz/2021/melanoma-followup.aspx

  It is estimated that up to 75% of melanoma recurrences are first detected by the patient, rather than by a health practitioner. […] After the initial treatment of a patient with melanoma, a lead clinician needs to be nominated to maintain and action patient follow-up. […] The objectives of follow-up are to detect any potential recurrence or new melanoma that may not have been identified by the patient during self-checks and to detect lymphoedema. […] There is limited evidence to guide the ideal follow-up schedule for patients with a history of melanoma. […] The frequency and duration of clinical follow-up is generally based on the patients staging at diagnosis but may need to be individualised depending on the patients needs, objectives or other circumstances. […] Routine follow-up with cross-sectional imaging (e.g. CT and MRI) is generally only indicated for patients with stage II-C melanoma onwards, or when recurrence or metastatic disease is suspected based on clinical presentation, history or findings on ultrasound examination.

• #46 New research into importance of skin surveillance to save lives from melanoma – The Daffodil Centre

  https://daffodilcentre.org/news/new-research-into-importance-of-skin-surveillance-to-save-lives-from-melanoma/

  New research led by the Daffodil Centre’s Professor Anne Cust has provided evidence that routine skin checks by a health professional, coupled with checking your own skin, are vital in saving lives from melanoma – the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Australia has the highest melanoma rates in the world, with one person dying every 6 hours from the disease. Melanoma is also the most common cancer in 20 to 39-year-olds. […] Current Australian guidelines recommend that individuals at very high risk of melanoma receive full skin examinations every 6 months. However, melanoma screening programs for the general population are not currently undertaken in Australia because of inadequate evidence that melanoma screening ultimately saves lives, uncertainty about overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsy, and limited evidence that it is cost effective. […] In the last decade there has been renewed interest in melanoma screening, driven by the changing landscape of melanoma care. […] “Based on our early findings, the cost-effectiveness of a population melanoma screening program should be re-assessed.”

• #47 Melanoma: Surveillance and follow-up – Medical Conferences

  https://conferences.medicom-publishers.com/specialisation/dermatology/ddd-2023/melanoma-surveillance-and-follow-up/

  Dr Remco van Doorn (Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands) talked about screening and follow-up for melanoma, a topic that stirs discussion among dermatologists. In the Netherlands, the lifetime risk of developing a melanoma is 1%, outlined Dr van Doorn. About 15% of these tumours are metastatic, whereas the other 85% are limited to the skin and therefore under the management of a dermatologist. […] Individuals with 100 naevi or 5 atypical naevi are eligible for screening in the Netherlands. This screening includes a total body inspection, once a year, ideally with total body photography, applying dermatoscopy on suspected naevi and providing advice on self-inspection of the skin and sunbathing. […] A study followed 1,100 individuals who fitted the screening criteria and were screened for 5 consecutive years. The incidence of melanoma was 1.1% per surveillance year.

• #48 OMF | Ocular Melanoma Foundation – Surveillance

  https://ocularmelanoma.org/surveillance

  Because, of the 50% of patients who develop metastatic disease, more than 90% of patients will develop liver metastases, the majority of surveillance techniques are focused on the liver. […] Some patients have reported having an ultrasound or MRI of the liver 1-2x/year for at least the first 1-5 years following plaque treatment with blood work and then possibly 1x/year thereafter. […] These liver-focused surveillance techniques include: Liver function tests, Abdominal ultrasound, Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT scan, PET scan. […] Anecdotally with the OMF forums, the most common surveillance regimen is getting scans (typically CT or MRI) every 6 months.

• #49 Melanoma/Melanoma Surveillance | UCSF School of Medicine Department of Dermatology

  https://dermatology.ucsf.edu/patients/medical-dermatology-services/melanomamelanoma-surveillance

  Patients with Malignant Melanoma in all stages. […] Patients with a strong family history of Melanoma (two or more family members with Melanoma; or one family member with Melanoma and one family member with Breast, Pancreatic, or Ovarian Cancer). […] Patients with numerous atypical moles and a family history of atypical moles (Familial Atypical Moles/Melanoma Syndrome). […] Patients with an identified gene mutation are associated with an increased risk of melanoma.

• #50 Melanoma: Surveillance and follow-up – Medical Conferences

  https://conferences.medicom-publishers.com/specialisation/dermatology/ddd-2023/melanoma-surveillance-and-follow-up/

  The eligibility criterium for this screening is 3 melanoma within the family in at least 2 different first-degree family members. […] Once we detect a melanoma in the screened population, we follow the patient based on the AJCC classification, explained Dr van Doorn. […] Although I have outlined the current state of affairs with regard to the surveillance and follow-up of patients with melanoma, it is still not completely established which of the 10,000 to 100,000 patients with multiple atypical naevi in the Netherlands should be screened and how frequently we should provide follow-up visitations for our patients with melanoma, concluded Dr van Doorn.

• #51 Melanoma: Surveillance and follow-up – Medical Conferences

  https://conferences.medicom-publishers.com/specialisation/dermatology/ddd-2023/melanoma-surveillance-and-follow-up/

  The eligibility criterium for this screening is 3 melanoma within the family in at least 2 different first-degree family members. […] Once we detect a melanoma in the screened population, we follow the patient based on the AJCC classification, explained Dr van Doorn. […] Although I have outlined the current state of affairs with regard to the surveillance and follow-up of patients with melanoma, it is still not completely established which of the 10,000 to 100,000 patients with multiple atypical naevi in the Netherlands should be screened and how frequently we should provide follow-up visitations for our patients with melanoma, concluded Dr van Doorn.

• #52 Epidemiology of Melanoma – Cutaneous Melanoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK481862/

  Worldwide incidence of melanoma has steadily increased over the last several decades. Annual incidence has risen as rapidly as 46% in many fair-skinned populations that predominate regions like North America, Northern Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. […] Melanoma demonstrates greater variation in incidence rates across different ethnic groups than that of most cancers. Melanoma is disproportionally reported among fair-skinned Caucasian populations. […] Incidence of melanoma varies by geographic location among people of the same ethnicity. […] Worldwide melanoma incidence ASRs climb steadily and peak at the seventh and eighth decades of life. […] Melanoma affects women and men differently. […] For decades, melanoma incidence has progressively risen and is projected to continue to rise across the world. […] Melanoma mortality trends are variable and, as with incidence, are influenced by geography, ethnicity, age, and sex. […] In the setting of rising global incidence of melanoma, health agencies across nations with substantial burden of disease have launched campaigns that aim to promote prevention.

• #53 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  Melanoma accounts for 1.7% of global cancer diagnoses and is the fifth most common cancer in the US. Melanoma incidence is rising in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries, growing over 320% in the US since 1975. […] However, US mortality has fallen almost 30% over the past decade with the approval of 10 new targeted or immunotherapy agents since 2011. […] Although the overall 5-year survival has risen to 93.3% in the US, survival for stage IV disease remains only 29.8%. […] Melanoma is most common in white, older men, with an average age of diagnosis of 65. […] Outdoor UV exposure without protection is the main risk factor, although indoor tanning beds, immunosuppression, family history and rare congenital diseases, moles, and obesity contribute to the disease. […] Primary prevention initiatives in Australia implemented since 1988, such as education on sun-protection, have increased sun-screen usage and curbed melanoma incidence, which peaked in Australia in 2005.

• #54 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  In the US, melanoma incidence is not projected to peak until 2022–2026. […] Lesion-directed skin screening programs, especially for those at risk, have also cost-efficiently reduced melanoma mortality. […] The incidence of melanoma has increased in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries over the past decades. […] Melanoma is now the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in the US. […] Melanoma has seen one of the fastest expansions in incidence among cancers in developed countries. […] In the US, melanoma incidence grew from 7.9/100,000 in 1975 to 25.3/100,000 in 2018, an over 320% increase. […] The mortality rate in the US was 2.0/100,000 in 2018, as compared to a high of 2.8/100,000 in 2009. […] Melanoma accounts for over 80% of skin cancer deaths. […] The most recent 5-year survival rate (2011–2017) according to SEER is 93.3% for melanoma, up from 81.9% in 1975. […] Screening is recommended for those with risk factors such as family or prior history, congenital diseases, predisposing lifestyle/occupation, and high-risk demographics, in particular older, white men.

• #55 Epidemiology of Melanoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/9/4/63

  In the US, melanoma incidence is not projected to peak until 2022–2026. […] Lesion-directed skin screening programs, especially for those at risk, have also cost-efficiently reduced melanoma mortality. […] The incidence of melanoma has increased in developed, predominantly fair-skinned countries over the past decades. […] Melanoma is now the fifth leading cancer diagnosis in the US. […] Melanoma has seen one of the fastest expansions in incidence among cancers in developed countries. […] In the US, melanoma incidence grew from 7.9/100,000 in 1975 to 25.3/100,000 in 2018, an over 320% increase. […] The mortality rate in the US was 2.0/100,000 in 2018, as compared to a high of 2.8/100,000 in 2009. […] Melanoma accounts for over 80% of skin cancer deaths. […] The most recent 5-year survival rate (2011–2017) according to SEER is 93.3% for melanoma, up from 81.9% in 1975. […] Screening is recommended for those with risk factors such as family or prior history, congenital diseases, predisposing lifestyle/occupation, and high-risk demographics, in particular older, white men.

• #56 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  The vast majority of melanomas are caused by the sun. […] Data from 2014 – 2020 shows that across all stages of melanoma, the average five-year survival rate in the U.S. is 94 percent. […] The estimated five-year survival rate for patients whose melanoma is detected early is over 99 percent. […] Regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing melanoma by 50 percent. […] Melanoma accounts for 6 percent of new cancer cases in men, and 4 percent of new cancer cases in women. […] From ages 15 to 39, men are 55 percent more likely to die of melanoma than women in the same age group. […] Overall, one in 29 white men and one in 40 white women will develop melanoma in their lifetime.

• #57

  https://journals.lww.com/melanomaresearch/fulltext/1993/06000/recent_developments_in_melanoma_epidemiology,_1993.2.aspx

  Recent work on melanoma epidemiology up to and including the Third International Conference in 1993 shows that in several countries mortality trends have stabilized or are decreasing, although incidence continues to increase. […] The established aetiological factors are sun exposure, particularly intermittent exposure, and exposure to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation. […] Evidence for the effectiveness of educational efforts to reduce sun exposure of populations is now provided by Australian work, and studies in Scotland demonstrate the effectiveness of public education in early diagnosis. […] A major unresolved issue is the value or otherwise of population screening, and systematic trials are required.

• #58 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  Get the facts about skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States and worldwide. […] When detected early, the 5-year survival rate for melanoma is 99 percent. […] The annual cost of treating skin cancers in the U.S. is estimated at $8.1 billion: about $4.8 billion for nonmelanoma skin cancers and $3.3 billion for melanoma. […] It’s estimated that the number of new melanoma cases diagnosed in 2025 will increase by 5.9 percent. […] The number of melanoma deaths is expected to increase by 1.7 percent in 2025. […] An estimated 212,200 cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2025. […] In the past decade (2015 – 2025), the number of new invasive melanoma cases diagnosed annually increased by 42 percent. […] An estimated 8,430 people will die of melanoma in 2025.

• #59 52910 Projected burden of melanoma clinical surveillance in the United States

  https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/dermatology_mtgabstracts/350/

  Melanoma ranks fifth among the most diagnosed cancers in the US. Melanoma survival rate is excellent when diagnosed early, and survival at later stages is improving. […] We aimed to project the volume of melanoma surveillance visits in the US, emphasizing its effect on dermatology demand, and offer a graphical interface model for providers to foresee melanoma surveillance load over the next two decades. […] Under a conservative annual surveillance schedule, the number of visits per dermatologist will increase by 18.7% from 92.3% in 2020 to 109.5% by 2040, versus an increase of 15.6% from 120.6% in 2020 to 139.6% by 2040 when adhering to a more aggressive surveillance schedule in which exams are performed every 6 months for the first 5 years, and annually thereafter. The number of additional dermatologists needed in 2040 to maintain 2020 parity is 3,022 for the annual surveillance case versus 2,519 for the aggressive surveillance case. […] Our model predicts a substantial increase in melanoma surveillance visits, exacerbating the strain on the dermatology workforce amid a growing and aging US population.

• #60 52910 Projected burden of melanoma clinical surveillance in the United States

  https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/dermatology_mtgabstracts/350/

  Melanoma ranks fifth among the most diagnosed cancers in the US. Melanoma survival rate is excellent when diagnosed early, and survival at later stages is improving. […] We aimed to project the volume of melanoma surveillance visits in the US, emphasizing its effect on dermatology demand, and offer a graphical interface model for providers to foresee melanoma surveillance load over the next two decades. […] Under a conservative annual surveillance schedule, the number of visits per dermatologist will increase by 18.7% from 92.3% in 2020 to 109.5% by 2040, versus an increase of 15.6% from 120.6% in 2020 to 139.6% by 2040 when adhering to a more aggressive surveillance schedule in which exams are performed every 6 months for the first 5 years, and annually thereafter. The number of additional dermatologists needed in 2040 to maintain 2020 parity is 3,022 for the annual surveillance case versus 2,519 for the aggressive surveillance case. […] Our model predicts a substantial increase in melanoma surveillance visits, exacerbating the strain on the dermatology workforce amid a growing and aging US population.

• #61 Skin surveillance saves lives from melanoma – Melanoma Institute Australia

  https://melanoma.org.au/news/skin-surveillance-saves-lives-from-melanoma/

  New research has provided evidence that routine skin checks by a health professional, coupled with checking your own skin, are vital in saving lives from melanoma the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Australia has the highest melanoma rates in the world, with one person dying every 6 hours from the disease. Melanoma is also the most common cancer in 20 to 39-year-olds. […] The research, published today in the prestigious journal JAMA Dermatology, found that in a group of 2,452 patients diagnosed with melanoma, slower-growing melanomas were more likely to be detected at a routine skin check and be thinner, whereas faster-growing melanomas were more likely to be patient-detected and thicker. […] It was estimated that patients whose melanoma was detected by their doctor during a routine skin check were 32% less likely to die from melanoma compared to patients who identified their own melanoma.

• #62 New research into importance of skin surveillance to save lives from melanoma – The Daffodil Centre

  https://daffodilcentre.org/news/new-research-into-importance-of-skin-surveillance-to-save-lives-from-melanoma/

  New research led by the Daffodil Centre’s Professor Anne Cust has provided evidence that routine skin checks by a health professional, coupled with checking your own skin, are vital in saving lives from melanoma – the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Australia has the highest melanoma rates in the world, with one person dying every 6 hours from the disease. Melanoma is also the most common cancer in 20 to 39-year-olds. […] Current Australian guidelines recommend that individuals at very high risk of melanoma receive full skin examinations every 6 months. However, melanoma screening programs for the general population are not currently undertaken in Australia because of inadequate evidence that melanoma screening ultimately saves lives, uncertainty about overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsy, and limited evidence that it is cost effective. […] In the last decade there has been renewed interest in melanoma screening, driven by the changing landscape of melanoma care. […] “Based on our early findings, the cost-effectiveness of a population melanoma screening program should be re-assessed.”

• #63 New research into importance of skin surveillance to save lives from melanoma – The Daffodil Centre

  https://daffodilcentre.org/news/new-research-into-importance-of-skin-surveillance-to-save-lives-from-melanoma/

  New research led by the Daffodil Centre’s Professor Anne Cust has provided evidence that routine skin checks by a health professional, coupled with checking your own skin, are vital in saving lives from melanoma – the most deadly form of skin cancer. […] Australia has the highest melanoma rates in the world, with one person dying every 6 hours from the disease. Melanoma is also the most common cancer in 20 to 39-year-olds. […] Current Australian guidelines recommend that individuals at very high risk of melanoma receive full skin examinations every 6 months. However, melanoma screening programs for the general population are not currently undertaken in Australia because of inadequate evidence that melanoma screening ultimately saves lives, uncertainty about overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsy, and limited evidence that it is cost effective. […] In the last decade there has been renewed interest in melanoma screening, driven by the changing landscape of melanoma care. […] “Based on our early findings, the cost-effectiveness of a population melanoma screening program should be re-assessed.”

• #64 Melanoma surveillance developments advance goals for improved prognoses | Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center

  https://meyercancer.weill.cornell.edu/news/2015-11-18/melanoma-surveillance-developments-advance-goals-improved-prognoses

  Melanoma surveillance developments advance goals for improved prognoses. Jonathan Zippin, M.D., Ph.D., discusses advances in melanoma surveillance. He details the technique of dermoscopy, highlighting the high level of accuracy it offers clinicians in determining appropriate concern for pigmented legions. Confocal microscopy, mainly used in specialized clinics and academic centers, is poised to become a mainstay technique in the coming years. Zippin underscores its ability to harness more optical information than is capable through dermoscopy. All this is designed to save a patient an unnecessary biopsy and/or diagnose melanoma at a very early stage, Zippin said. Whats well established is the earlier we find these melanoma and remove them, the better the prognosis.

• #65 Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the use of melanoma surveillance photography to the Improve early detection of MelanomA in ultra-hiGh and high-risk patiEnts (the IMAGE trial) | Trials | Full Text

  https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-023-07203-5

  This study will address the critical gaps in the evidence and support the Medical Services Advisory Committee to make an informed recommendation about Medicare Benefits Schedule listing of MSP based on high-quality evidence. Specifically, the study will estimate the extent of health benefit that would be gained from introducing MSP for patients at ultra-high and high risk of melanoma in a variety of settings. […] The primary outcome is the diagnostic performance of surveillance with MSP compared to standard care without MSP, as measured by the number of unnecessary biopsies. […] Secondary outcomes will assess additional diagnostic performance outcomes for all skin cancers (melanoma and keratinocyte cancers), as well as HRQoL, health economic outcomes and patient acceptability of MSP using validated questionnaires at baseline and 12 and 24 months. […] This trial will determine the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and affordability of MSP to facilitate policy decision-making at Commonwealth (i.e. for the Medical Services Advisory Committee) and local levels, across primary and specialist care.

• #66 Imaging Surveillance for Stage III Melanoma: Should We Be Stalkers or Casual Observers? – Journal of Cutaneous Oncology

  https://journalofcutaneousoncology.io/perspectives/vol_2_issue_1/imaging_surveillance_for_stage_iii_melanoma/

  Imaging is a long-standing key component of surveillance in nearly all solid tumor malignancies. Very few cancers have serology markers that can better detect a recurrent tumor. While biomarker research and liquid biopsy development continue to progress, imaging is currently the standard and common practice for most cancers including melanoma for the near future. Despite imaging recommendations from National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, society guidelines, and institutional protocols there are no randomized trials to best define the optimal timing for surveillance imaging in melanoma. Therefore, observational studies must be relied upon to provide a reasonable amount of evidence to guide clinical practice. […] When developing surveillance strategies, it is also important to identify patients that are at highest risk for developing a recurrence and in particular recurrence that cannot be detected by patients or clinician physical exam. These patients are the most likely to benefit from intense surveillance. For melanoma, these recurrences are typically small lymph node recurrences or visceral metastases that would only cause symptoms at an advanced size / tumor burden. Stage III melanoma patients fit this profile well.

• #67 Treating Pediatric Melanoma: Ultrasound Surveillance vs. Completion Lymph Node Dissection for Sentinel Node Positive Patients – Pediatrics Nationwide

  https://pediatricsnationwide.org/2023/10/30/treating-pediatric-melanoma-ultrasound-surveillance-vs-completion-lymph-node-dissection-for-sentinel-node-positive-patients/

  Dr. Aldrink hopes that this study will be the impetus for more studies into the genetic makeup of pediatric melanomas through the Nationwide Children’s Cancer Predisposition Team and the Institute of Genomic Medicine, as well as the Children’s Oncology Group Molecular Characterization Initiative which will characterize pediatric lesions for specific and potentially targetable genetic mutations and alterations. […] “There is active national research to treat patients with pediatric melanoma more accurately and with less morbidity. When caught early, pediatric melanoma is a very treatable disease, and patients do very well long-term,” she summarizes.

• #68 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  The vast majority of melanomas are caused by the sun. […] Data from 2014 – 2020 shows that across all stages of melanoma, the average five-year survival rate in the U.S. is 94 percent. […] The estimated five-year survival rate for patients whose melanoma is detected early is over 99 percent. […] Regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing melanoma by 50 percent. […] Melanoma accounts for 6 percent of new cancer cases in men, and 4 percent of new cancer cases in women. […] From ages 15 to 39, men are 55 percent more likely to die of melanoma than women in the same age group. […] Overall, one in 29 white men and one in 40 white women will develop melanoma in their lifetime.

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