Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aortic Valve Disease – Aortic Care | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/aortic/aortic-conditions-diseases/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease occurs when the valve that acts like a gateway between the heart and the aorta does not work properly. A damaged aortic valve can either block or leak blood being pumped from the heart, causing heart and circulatory problems. Aortic valve disease can happen because of a birth defect (bicuspid aortic valve), aging or as a result of an underlying disease. […] At the UCLA Aortic Center, our goal is to improve the quality of life of our patients with aortic valve disease. Our expert team manages the complications of aortic valve disease using the latest advancements in medicine and repairs the valve using both traditional and minimally invasive techniques. Surgeons at UCLA have helped pioneer Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement to provide high-risk patients with an option for permanent repair.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Aortic Regurgitation aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV. […] Aortic Stenosis aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] The easiest way for a nurse to determine the presence of a valve disorder is to listen for murmurs. A murmur indicates abnormal or turbulent blood flow through the valve. […] If the valve should be open, but doesnt open fully stenosis. […] If the valve should be closed, but doesnt close fully regurgitation. […] Valve disorders can compromise cardiac output. Assess cardiovascular status to determine if there is decreased perfusion to the tissues. If BP is dropping, HR may increase to compensate. […] If blood is not going forward or backing up, it can cause pulmonary congestion leading to pulmonary edema. This would cause decreased SpO2, crackles in the lungs, and possibly even pink-frothy sputum.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Assessing heart sounds is critical in these patients and is the easiest way for a nurse to identify a valve disorder. A murmur indicates turbulent blood flow or abnormal blood flow through the valve. […] Notify the provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery.

• #1 Nursing care plan for aortic valve replacement

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Nursing care plan for aortic valve replacement requires careful pre- and post-operative nursing care. […] A proper nursing care plan must be in place to ensure successful surgery and recovery of the patient. […] Nurses play an important role in providing pre- and post-operative care for patients undergoing AVR. This includes providing emotional support, monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation, observing for signs of bleeding, infection and pain, promoting rest periods, providing education regarding post-operative care, medications and exercises, and positioning the patient for comfort and improved respiration. […] The success of this surgery depends greatly on the nursing care provided to the patient.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Valvular heart disease can lead to decreased cardiac output, resulting in inadequate oxygenation of tissues and pulmonary congestion. The impaired gas exchange may manifest as dyspnea, decreased oxygen saturation levels, and cyanosis. […] Valvular heart disease can limit cardiac output, leading to reduced blood flow to the peripheral tissues. This can result in decreased exercise tolerance, fatigue, and generalized weakness, limiting the patients ability to engage in physical activities. […] Valvular heart disease can disrupt the normal fluid balance mechanisms, leading to fluid retention and increased venous pressure. This increases the risk of fluid volume excess, which can manifest as peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and pulmonary congestion. […] Valvular heart disease can cause significant physical and emotional stress, resulting in anxiety and fear. Patients may worry about their prognosis, limitations in activities, and the need for invasive interventions or surgeries.

• #1 Aortic Valve Disease | KY, OH & IN | St. Elizabeth Healthcare

  https://www.stelizabeth.com/care/medical-services-2/heart-vascular/structural-heart-valve-center/aortic-valve-disease/

  If you have aortic valve disease, our team of experienced valve specialists at Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center offers you the most advanced treatments for aortic valve problems. We provide individualized, personal care, carefully reviewing your medical history and test results so we can offer you the best treatment possible for your condition. […] You’ll have a nurse navigator to help set up appointments and coordinate your care every step of the way. At your first appointment, you’ll sit down with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist who will make a treatment plan with you to address your aortic valve disease. […] At the Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center, your care begins before your first appointment, as our team of specialists sits down together and studies your medical history and test results to evaluate treatment options that might be best for you. At your first appointment, you’ll meet with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist together, as well as a Nurse Navigator and an Advanced Practice Nurse, with plenty of time set aside for you and your family to ask questions and fully understand your options.

• #1 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Up to one-third of patients experience complications after TAVR, so nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Throughout the patients stay, make safety a nursing care priority. […] Teach the patient and family about the risk of bleeding caused by antiplatelet or antithrombotic medications. […] As the population eligible for TAVR expands and more prosthetic valves are approved, you’re likely to encounter more patients who undergo this procedure. By understanding the various TAVR approaches and postprocedure care, you can help ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

• #1 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement […] Understanding options for patients helps you be a more effective caregiver. […] Takeaways […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for some patients. […] Understanding TAVR approaches, post-procedure monitoring, and potential complications will help nurses better care for patients undergoing TAVR. […] This article reviews patient eligibility for TAVR, procedural approaches, prosthetic valve types, potential complications, nursing care, and patient education. […] Nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Postprocedure care begins with the handoff report. Obtain pertinent information, including vital signs, medications administered during the procedure, current level of alertness, access difficulties, and overall procedure events, such as complications, arrhythmias or other cardiac events, or difficulties with placement. […] As ordered, place the patient on continuous telemetry monitoring and observe for heart rate and rhythm changes.

• #1 TAVR Nursing Care Nursing CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/care-of-the-aortic-stenosis-patient-undergoing-transaortic-valve-replacement-tavr-2/

  The decision to proceed to intervention is based on several factors: the clients goals and beliefs, the presence or absence of symptoms, the severity of the lesion, remodeling of the ventricles, pulmonary or systemic congestion, a change from baseline heart rhythm, risk/benefit based on age, co-morbidities and life expectancy. […] The heart valve team is tasked with deciding the best pathway for the client based on current evidence and guidelines. […] Pain management should be titrated to the clients needs. […] Early mobilization is linked to shorter hospital stays and a decreased risk of venous thrombus. […] Proper education throughout the hospital stay may help decrease the incidence of these events.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Your heart has four valves, and their job is like doors that open and close to control blood flow inside your heart. These valves make sure blood flows in the right direction. In Heart Valve Disorders, something is wrong with one or more of these valves. […] Upon completion of this nursing care plan for Heart Valve Disorders, nursing students will be able to: […] Provide effective preoperative and postoperative care for individuals undergoing heart valve surgery. This includes comprehensive assessment, education, and support to optimize outcomes and ensure a smooth recovery process. […] Educate patients with heart valve disorders on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and the importance of regular follow-up to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #1 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Aortic Regurgitation The aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV […] Aortic Stenosis The aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] Aim to optimize hemodynamic stability by managing heart valve disorders to maintain adequate blood flow and prevent complications such as congestive heart failure. […] Work towards minimizing symptoms associated with heart valve disorders, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and chest pain, to improve the overall quality of life for affected individuals. […] Provide comprehensive preoperative and postoperative care for individuals undergoing heart valve surgery. Aim for successful surgical interventions and support a smooth recovery process. […] Educate individuals with heart valve disorders on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and the importance of regular follow-up to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

• #1 TAVR Nursing Care Nursing CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/care-of-the-aortic-stenosis-patient-undergoing-transaortic-valve-replacement-tavr-2/

  Aortic stenosis is the second most common valvular heart disease in the Western world, and it is usually diagnosed after the age of sixty-five. […] Therefore, having a full understanding of TAVR nursing care, aortic stenosis, and its effects on the body is essential to provide care for patients undergoing a transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure. […] In this course we will discuss the relevant anatomy pertaining to TAVR nursing care and procedure, indications and contra-indications, and the post-operative care of patients undergoing TAVR nursing care and procedure. […] The constant exposure to high pressure causes the left ventricle to fibrose, thicken, and remodel. […] The hallmark symptoms of aortic stenosis are syncope, angina, and dyspnea. […] It is important to be able to identify the murmur of aortic stenosis given that many clients can go decades without any symptoms, and earlier detections can lead to earlier treatment and fewer long-term complications and morbidity.

• #1 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients whose life expectancy after the replacement is less than 1 year or whose quality of life is not expected to improve would not be candidates for valve replacement. […] However, if life expectancy is greater than 1 year, and predictions include improvement in the quality of life, there are 2 methods for aortic valve replacement: surgical or transcatheter. […] The difficulty with diagnosing and treating aortic stenosis lies with the vast array of nonspecific symptoms the patient may present, creating a substantial differential. […] The sooner those symptoms are identified and management initiated, the better the patients long-term survival. […] In summary, caring for patients with aortic valve disease requires an interprofessional team approach, including clinicians/specialists, mid-level practitioners (NPs and PAs), specialty-trained nurses, and pharmacists, collaborating across disciplines to achieve optimal patient results.

• #1 Heart Valve Disease Diagnosis and Treatment | Knight Cardiovascular Institute | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cardiovascular-institute/heart-valve-disease-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The many specialists in our Complex Heart Valve Program combine their expertise to care for each patient. […] Patients with heart valve disease can have complicated needs. Thats why at OHSU, your care team will include a range of specialists and a coordinator to guide your treatment. Your providers will meet once a week to review your imaging and details of your treatment. […] We also understand that while heart valve disease cannot be cured, treatment can ease symptoms and improve your quality of life. Our goal is to give you the best outcomes possible so you can do the things you enjoy. […] Your team may include: A valve coordinator to set appointments and guide you through treatment. A heart surgeon who operates on heart valves and arteries. A cardiologist, a heart doctor who is an expert in heart disease. An interventional cardiologist, an expert in heart imaging the use of catheters (small tubes) to repair or replace heart valves. Other experts, such as cardiac anesthesiologists, nurses who specialize in heart care, and intensive care specialists.

• #1 Creating a better journey of care for patients with heart valve disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689964/

  Ensuring all patients have access to appropriate diagnosis and care without delays is imperative as we look towards rebuilding stronger and more resilient health systems, and build back better after the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. […] The timing of interventions for heart valve disease is a key determinant of their effectiveness. […] Individualized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team in a heart valve clinic is needed to assess a persons evolving needs and tailor care and support to each person over time. […] Better information is needed to guide patients through all aspects of their care, ensuring they feel empowered to recognize potential signs of deterioration of their condition and seek help accordingly. […] Appropriate support to help them develop suitable coping mechanisms and address their psychological needs must be part of the multidisciplinary care offered to them, ideally from diagnosis onwards. […] Making changes today represents a wise investment and should be viewed as an opportunity not to be missed.

• #1 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #1 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  During aortic valve repair, the surgeon may do one or all of the following: Separate valve flaps that have fused. Add support to the base of the valve. Reshape or remove excess valve tissue so that the cusps can close tightly. Patch holes or tears in a valve. […] In a mechanical valve replacement, an artificial heart valve made of strong material replaces the damaged valve. […] In a biological valve replacement, a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue replaces the damaged heart valve. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a type of heart valve surgery. It’s done to replace a narrowed aortic valve, a condition called aortic valve stenosis. […] If you have aortic valve disease, it’s important to talk with a health care professional before becoming pregnant. Careful and regular checkups are needed if you have aortic valve disease during pregnancy.

• #1 Aortic valve disorders in Nashville | Ascension

  https://healthcare.ascension.org/specialty-care/cardiology/why-ascension/tnnas-nashville-tn-aortic-center

  Aortic valve stenosis is the narrowing of the aortic heart valve, which prevents the valve from opening and closing properly. […] Symptoms of aortic stenosis include chest pain or tightness, fatigue, rapid heartbeat and feeling faint, and shortness of breath with activity. […] TAVR can help treat aortic valve stenosis, one of the most common heart valve problems. […] During the TAVR procedure, your old heart valve is replaced so oxygen-rich blood can flow in the right direction through your heart and body. […] Our doctors specialize in treating aortic-related, congenital heart disease, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve disease, and familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissections. […] Youll find that managing a long-term, chronic heart condition is easier with a care team ready to support you.

• #1 Aortic Valve Disease | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/heart/aortic-valve-disease

  Open-heart surgery for aortic valve repair or replacement may be performed through an incision in the mid-chest or through a small incision in the upper-right chest, known as a mini-thoracotomy. Your surgeon will recommend the approach and procedure that are best for your needs and anatomy. […] Also called transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), this minimally invasive procedure is used to treat aortic valve stenosis as well as some cases of aortic valve insufficiency and degeneration of bioprosthetic valves. The heart is accessed through small incisions, and a prosthetic valve is implanted within the diseased valve. […] TAVR and AVR can preserve or improve heart function, quality of life, and survival. Our specialists are skilled in the placement of all commercially available TAVR devices and use multiple delivery approaches (through the groin, neck, or chest). As a result, we are able to offer treatment options to people who have been turned away elsewhere. […] Our cardiac prevention and cardiac rehabilitation programs give you a personalized plan for recovery after surgery and help with long-term management of your heart health. Programs include exercise instruction, nutritional counseling, and lifestyle modification to optimize your health.

• #1

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/programs-and-treatments/valvular-heart-disease-program

  Youll receive one-on-one care from our specially trained and compassionate nurses. […] Once you leave the hospital, youll receive excellent follow-up care and participate in cardiac rehabilitation.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3409

  Your heart is a muscular pump that has four chambers and four valves. The four valves are the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. […] Problems with the heart valves can cause leaks (valve regurgitation) and blockages (valve stenosis). […] Treatment with medicine can help relieve symptoms, but it will not fix the valve. You may choose to have the valve replaced or repaired. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If you have had a valve repaired or replaced, you may need to take antibiotics before you have certain dental or surgical procedures. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Aortic Regurgitation The aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV […] Aortic Stenosis The aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] Aim to optimize hemodynamic stability by managing heart valve disorders to maintain adequate blood flow and prevent complications such as congestive heart failure. […] Work towards minimizing symptoms associated with heart valve disorders, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and chest pain, to improve the overall quality of life for affected individuals. […] Provide comprehensive preoperative and postoperative care for individuals undergoing heart valve surgery. Aim for successful surgical interventions and support a smooth recovery process. […] Educate individuals with heart valve disorders on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and the importance of regular follow-up to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

• #2 TAVR Nursing Care Nursing CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/care-of-the-aortic-stenosis-patient-undergoing-transaortic-valve-replacement-tavr-2/

  Aortic stenosis is the second most common valvular heart disease in the Western world, and it is usually diagnosed after the age of sixty-five. […] Therefore, having a full understanding of TAVR nursing care, aortic stenosis, and its effects on the body is essential to provide care for patients undergoing a transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure. […] In this course we will discuss the relevant anatomy pertaining to TAVR nursing care and procedure, indications and contra-indications, and the post-operative care of patients undergoing TAVR nursing care and procedure. […] The constant exposure to high pressure causes the left ventricle to fibrose, thicken, and remodel. […] The hallmark symptoms of aortic stenosis are syncope, angina, and dyspnea. […] It is important to be able to identify the murmur of aortic stenosis given that many clients can go decades without any symptoms, and earlier detections can lead to earlier treatment and fewer long-term complications and morbidity.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Valvular heart disease refers to conditions that affect the valves of the heart, compromising cardiac function and circulation. A well-structured nursing care plan is essential for effectively managing valvular heart disease and improving the patients overall well-being. […] A thorough nursing assessment is crucial in identifying signs and symptoms of valvular heart disease. Valvular heart disease refers to abnormalities in the heart valves, which can lead to impaired blood flow and compromised cardiac function. […] Developing accurate nursing diagnoses is crucial for providing effective care to individuals with valvular heart disease. Valvular heart disease refers to conditions that involve abnormalities in the heart valves, leading to impaired blood flow and compromised cardiac function. Nursing diagnoses provide a framework for addressing the patients specific needs and promoting optimal cardiovascular health.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Aortic Regurgitation aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV. […] Aortic Stenosis aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] The easiest way for a nurse to determine the presence of a valve disorder is to listen for murmurs. A murmur indicates abnormal or turbulent blood flow through the valve. […] If the valve should be open, but doesnt open fully stenosis. […] If the valve should be closed, but doesnt close fully regurgitation. […] Valve disorders can compromise cardiac output. Assess cardiovascular status to determine if there is decreased perfusion to the tissues. If BP is dropping, HR may increase to compensate. […] If blood is not going forward or backing up, it can cause pulmonary congestion leading to pulmonary edema. This would cause decreased SpO2, crackles in the lungs, and possibly even pink-frothy sputum.

• #2 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Aortic valve disease consists of regurgitations comprising retrograde flow throw the aortic valve and stenosis or narrowing of the orifice limiting the anterograde flow through the valve. […] Medical professionals must identify early signs and symptoms of aortic valve disease. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in determining the proper treatment modality. […] Aortic valve replacement is the most essential treatment modality. It is generally indicated in patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease or severe disease, as the American Heart Association guidelines indicate. […] This activity reviews the indications for valve replacement and the risks and benefits of transcatheter and surgical techniques. […] Management is a two-prong approach focusing on optimizing other cardiac comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias and vigilante serial evaluation to monitor for disease progression and early detection of symptoms.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer prescribed pain medications, such as nitroglycerin, as ordered. […] Monitor the patients response to pain management interventions. […] Encourage relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and guided imagery, to reduce anxiety and pain perception. […] Provide a calm and supportive environment to alleviate anxiety, which can exacerbate pain. […] Assess the patients level of anxiety and emotional concerns. […] Provide education and information about valvular heart disease, its management, and treatment options. […] Encourage the patient to express fears and concerns, and provide active listening and emotional support. […] Teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation. […] Refer the patient to counseling services or support groups as needed.

• #2 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  If you have aortic valve disease, here are some steps that may help you manage the condition: Take medicines as prescribed. Get support. Connecting with others who have the same or a similar condition may be helpful. Stay active. Regular exercise is one of the best ways to improve heart health. […] Your health care team is likely to ask you many questions, including: When did your symptoms begin? Do you always have symptoms, or do the symptoms come and go? How severe are your symptoms? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

• #2 Nursing care plan for aortic valve replacement

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Nursing care plan for aortic valve replacement requires careful pre- and post-operative nursing care. […] A proper nursing care plan must be in place to ensure successful surgery and recovery of the patient. […] Nurses play an important role in providing pre- and post-operative care for patients undergoing AVR. This includes providing emotional support, monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation, observing for signs of bleeding, infection and pain, promoting rest periods, providing education regarding post-operative care, medications and exercises, and positioning the patient for comfort and improved respiration. […] The success of this surgery depends greatly on the nursing care provided to the patient.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Position the patient in an upright or semi-Fowler position to optimize lung expansion. […] Encourage deep breathing exercises and effective coughing techniques. […] Monitor fluid balance and administer diuretics as ordered to reduce pulmonary congestion. […] Assess the patients activity tolerance and establish baseline functional capacity. […] Encourage progressive activity and exercise within the patients limitations. […] Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after activity. […] Provide rest periods and encourage the pacing of activities to prevent fatigue. […] Collaborate with physical and occupational therapists to develop an individualized exercise program. […] Assess the location, characteristics, and intensity of the patients chest pain.

• #2

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). […] However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. […] Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications.

• #2 Creating a better journey of care for patients with heart valve disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689964/

  Ensuring all patients have access to appropriate diagnosis and care without delays is imperative as we look towards rebuilding stronger and more resilient health systems, and build back better after the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. […] The timing of interventions for heart valve disease is a key determinant of their effectiveness. […] Individualized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team in a heart valve clinic is needed to assess a persons evolving needs and tailor care and support to each person over time. […] Better information is needed to guide patients through all aspects of their care, ensuring they feel empowered to recognize potential signs of deterioration of their condition and seek help accordingly. […] Appropriate support to help them develop suitable coping mechanisms and address their psychological needs must be part of the multidisciplinary care offered to them, ideally from diagnosis onwards. […] Making changes today represents a wise investment and should be viewed as an opportunity not to be missed.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3409

  Your heart is a muscular pump that has four chambers and four valves. The four valves are the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. […] Problems with the heart valves can cause leaks (valve regurgitation) and blockages (valve stenosis). […] Treatment with medicine can help relieve symptoms, but it will not fix the valve. You may choose to have the valve replaced or repaired. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If you have had a valve repaired or replaced, you may need to take antibiotics before you have certain dental or surgical procedures. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #2 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients with Stage B mild aortic valve disease should have echocardiograms every 3 to 5 years, moderate every 1 to 2 years. For patients with stage C1 severe asymptomatic disease, echocardiography is necessary every 6 to 12 months. […] Valve replacement for aortic stenosis is recommended for asymptomatic patients (evidenced by history or stress testing) with a high-gradient disease or asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (C2) and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. […] Valve replacement for the treatment of aortic regurgitation is indicated for symptomatic patients with severe AR regardless of LV systolic function (D), asymptomatic patients with chronic severe AR and evidence of LV systolic dysfunction (EF less than 50%; ie, C2), and patients with severe AR (C or D) while undergoing cardiac surgery for any other indication.

• #2 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement […] Understanding options for patients helps you be a more effective caregiver. […] Takeaways […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for some patients. […] Understanding TAVR approaches, post-procedure monitoring, and potential complications will help nurses better care for patients undergoing TAVR. […] This article reviews patient eligibility for TAVR, procedural approaches, prosthetic valve types, potential complications, nursing care, and patient education. […] Nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Postprocedure care begins with the handoff report. Obtain pertinent information, including vital signs, medications administered during the procedure, current level of alertness, access difficulties, and overall procedure events, such as complications, arrhythmias or other cardiac events, or difficulties with placement. […] As ordered, place the patient on continuous telemetry monitoring and observe for heart rate and rhythm changes.

• #2 Aortic Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/aortic-valve-disease

  Patients are admitted for observation and usually return home within 24-48 hours following the TAVR procedure. Most patients begin walking shortly after the procedure. Limitations include no heavy lifting (more than 10 lbs.) or driving for two to three weeks. Follow-up with the TAVR team is at 30 days and at one year.

• #2 2019 Expert Consensus to Optimize Care for Patients With Heart Valve Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/04/16/17/56/2019-AATS-ACC-Expert-Consensus-Systems-of-Care-VHD

  Providing optimal care to patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) is an increasingly complex process. […] The proposed integrated model of care for patients with VHD is based on a concept of a graduated system, with an initial tier of recognition and consideration for referral, followed by matching the patient based on disease complexity with the appropriate center of expertise and available resources. […] The initial step in the management of patients with VHD is recognition and subsequent diagnosis, usually by a primary care physician, advanced practice provider, or general cardiologist. […] Centers designated as having VHD expertise not only perform certain procedures, but also have multidisciplinary teams capable of assessing and managing patients according to evidence-based guidelines while emphasizing shared decision making.

• #2 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #2 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients whose life expectancy after the replacement is less than 1 year or whose quality of life is not expected to improve would not be candidates for valve replacement. […] However, if life expectancy is greater than 1 year, and predictions include improvement in the quality of life, there are 2 methods for aortic valve replacement: surgical or transcatheter. […] The difficulty with diagnosing and treating aortic stenosis lies with the vast array of nonspecific symptoms the patient may present, creating a substantial differential. […] The sooner those symptoms are identified and management initiated, the better the patients long-term survival. […] In summary, caring for patients with aortic valve disease requires an interprofessional team approach, including clinicians/specialists, mid-level practitioners (NPs and PAs), specialty-trained nurses, and pharmacists, collaborating across disciplines to achieve optimal patient results.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Follow strict hand hygiene protocols before and after any patient contact. […] Monitor the patients temperature and signs of infection. […] Educate the patient and family about the signs and symptoms of infection and when to seek medical attention. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to implement appropriate infection prevention measures during invasive procedures or surgical interventions. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed before invasive procedures, if indicated. […] Regularly evaluate the patients response to the nursing interventions and modify the care plan as necessary. Monitor the patients symptoms, functional capacity, pain level, anxiety level, and any signs of complications. Collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure comprehensive care and to optimize patient outcomes.

• #2 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your aortic valve stenosis-related health concerns […] Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. […] If you have aortic valve stenosis, your healthcare team may recommend that you limit strenuous activity to avoid overworking your heart. […] If you have aortic stenosis and are considering pregnancy, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team about your plans. Together, you can talk about the safety of medicines and whether you need treatment for aortic valve stenosis before getting pregnant. […] Those with heart valve disease such as aortic valve stenosis usually require close checkups by a healthcare professional during pregnancy. If you have severe aortic stenosis, healthcare professionals may tell you not to get pregnant due to the risk of complications.

• #2 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Management of BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #2 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Valvular heart disease can lead to decreased cardiac output, resulting in inadequate oxygenation of tissues and pulmonary congestion. The impaired gas exchange may manifest as dyspnea, decreased oxygen saturation levels, and cyanosis. […] Valvular heart disease can limit cardiac output, leading to reduced blood flow to the peripheral tissues. This can result in decreased exercise tolerance, fatigue, and generalized weakness, limiting the patients ability to engage in physical activities. […] Valvular heart disease can disrupt the normal fluid balance mechanisms, leading to fluid retention and increased venous pressure. This increases the risk of fluid volume excess, which can manifest as peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and pulmonary congestion. […] Valvular heart disease can cause significant physical and emotional stress, resulting in anxiety and fear. Patients may worry about their prognosis, limitations in activities, and the need for invasive interventions or surgeries.

• #3 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your aortic valve stenosis-related health concerns […] Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. […] If you have aortic valve stenosis, your healthcare team may recommend that you limit strenuous activity to avoid overworking your heart. […] If you have aortic stenosis and are considering pregnancy, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team about your plans. Together, you can talk about the safety of medicines and whether you need treatment for aortic valve stenosis before getting pregnant. […] Those with heart valve disease such as aortic valve stenosis usually require close checkups by a healthcare professional during pregnancy. If you have severe aortic stenosis, healthcare professionals may tell you not to get pregnant due to the risk of complications.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Valvular heart disease can lead to decreased cardiac output, resulting in inadequate oxygenation of tissues and pulmonary congestion. The impaired gas exchange may manifest as dyspnea, decreased oxygen saturation levels, and cyanosis. […] Valvular heart disease can limit cardiac output, leading to reduced blood flow to the peripheral tissues. This can result in decreased exercise tolerance, fatigue, and generalized weakness, limiting the patients ability to engage in physical activities. […] Valvular heart disease can disrupt the normal fluid balance mechanisms, leading to fluid retention and increased venous pressure. This increases the risk of fluid volume excess, which can manifest as peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and pulmonary congestion. […] Valvular heart disease can cause significant physical and emotional stress, resulting in anxiety and fear. Patients may worry about their prognosis, limitations in activities, and the need for invasive interventions or surgeries.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Patients with valvular heart disease may have limited knowledge about their condition, including its causes, treatment options, and self-care management strategies. Providing education and information empowers patients to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions. […] Valvular heart disease can impair normal blood flow patterns, potentially leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. Altered tissue perfusion can result in ischemia, compromised healing, and an increased risk of complications. […] The diagnosis of valvular heart disease can be emotionally distressing for patients and their families. Coping mechanisms may be challenged, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and difficulty adapting to lifestyle changes. […] Monitor vital signs, including oxygen saturation levels.

• #3 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Aortic valve disease consists of regurgitations comprising retrograde flow throw the aortic valve and stenosis or narrowing of the orifice limiting the anterograde flow through the valve. […] Medical professionals must identify early signs and symptoms of aortic valve disease. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in determining the proper treatment modality. […] Aortic valve replacement is the most essential treatment modality. It is generally indicated in patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease or severe disease, as the American Heart Association guidelines indicate. […] This activity reviews the indications for valve replacement and the risks and benefits of transcatheter and surgical techniques. […] Management is a two-prong approach focusing on optimizing other cardiac comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias and vigilante serial evaluation to monitor for disease progression and early detection of symptoms.

• #3 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement […] Understanding options for patients helps you be a more effective caregiver. […] Takeaways […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for some patients. […] Understanding TAVR approaches, post-procedure monitoring, and potential complications will help nurses better care for patients undergoing TAVR. […] This article reviews patient eligibility for TAVR, procedural approaches, prosthetic valve types, potential complications, nursing care, and patient education. […] Nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Postprocedure care begins with the handoff report. Obtain pertinent information, including vital signs, medications administered during the procedure, current level of alertness, access difficulties, and overall procedure events, such as complications, arrhythmias or other cardiac events, or difficulties with placement. […] As ordered, place the patient on continuous telemetry monitoring and observe for heart rate and rhythm changes.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Position the patient in an upright or semi-Fowler position to optimize lung expansion. […] Encourage deep breathing exercises and effective coughing techniques. […] Monitor fluid balance and administer diuretics as ordered to reduce pulmonary congestion. […] Assess the patients activity tolerance and establish baseline functional capacity. […] Encourage progressive activity and exercise within the patients limitations. […] Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after activity. […] Provide rest periods and encourage the pacing of activities to prevent fatigue. […] Collaborate with physical and occupational therapists to develop an individualized exercise program. […] Assess the location, characteristics, and intensity of the patients chest pain.

• #3

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). […] However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. […] Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Assessing heart sounds is critical in these patients and is the easiest way for a nurse to identify a valve disorder. A murmur indicates turbulent blood flow or abnormal blood flow through the valve. […] Notify the provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery.

• #3 Managing Your Aortic Valve Disease – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/heart-and-vascular-conditions/aortic-regurgitaion-aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease includes aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and aortic insufficiency (or regurgitation). […] People with mild to moderate conditions and no symptoms may just need regular checkups. […] Drugs are usually initially used to treat symptoms of AVS. Surgery is performed in more severe cases. It includes aortic valve replacement and balloon valvuloplasty. […] People with symptoms of aortic valve insufficiency generally need surgery. However, surgery (valve repair or replacement) may also be done even when no symptoms occur if there is evidence of worsening aortic insufficiency on echocardiogram. […] DO control high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Eat low-fat, low-salt, low-cholesterol foods. Lose weight if you’re overweight. […] DO see your health care provider for regular checkups. […] DONT take over-the-counter medicines unless your health care provider says you can. […] DONT smoke or drink alcohol or caffeine.

• #3 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  During aortic valve repair, the surgeon may do one or all of the following: Separate valve flaps that have fused. Add support to the base of the valve. Reshape or remove excess valve tissue so that the cusps can close tightly. Patch holes or tears in a valve. […] In a mechanical valve replacement, an artificial heart valve made of strong material replaces the damaged valve. […] In a biological valve replacement, a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue replaces the damaged heart valve. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a type of heart valve surgery. It’s done to replace a narrowed aortic valve, a condition called aortic valve stenosis. […] If you have aortic valve disease, it’s important to talk with a health care professional before becoming pregnant. Careful and regular checkups are needed if you have aortic valve disease during pregnancy.

• #3

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3409

  Your heart is a muscular pump that has four chambers and four valves. The four valves are the mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. […] Problems with the heart valves can cause leaks (valve regurgitation) and blockages (valve stenosis). […] Treatment with medicine can help relieve symptoms, but it will not fix the valve. You may choose to have the valve replaced or repaired. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] If you have had a valve repaired or replaced, you may need to take antibiotics before you have certain dental or surgical procedures. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #3 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #3 Structural Heart and Heart Valve Disease | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/services/structural-heart-and-heart-valve-disease

  Structural heart and valve disease conditions treated include: Aortic stenosis, Aortic valve regurgitation, Atrial septal defect (ASD), Damaged artificial heart valve, Heart valve disease, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). […] Structural Heart Nurse Coordinator includes: Angela Kipp, RN, BSN, Erin Walsh, RN, BSN.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer prescribed pain medications, such as nitroglycerin, as ordered. […] Monitor the patients response to pain management interventions. […] Encourage relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and guided imagery, to reduce anxiety and pain perception. […] Provide a calm and supportive environment to alleviate anxiety, which can exacerbate pain. […] Assess the patients level of anxiety and emotional concerns. […] Provide education and information about valvular heart disease, its management, and treatment options. […] Encourage the patient to express fears and concerns, and provide active listening and emotional support. […] Teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation. […] Refer the patient to counseling services or support groups as needed.

• #3 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients with Stage B mild aortic valve disease should have echocardiograms every 3 to 5 years, moderate every 1 to 2 years. For patients with stage C1 severe asymptomatic disease, echocardiography is necessary every 6 to 12 months. […] Valve replacement for aortic stenosis is recommended for asymptomatic patients (evidenced by history or stress testing) with a high-gradient disease or asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (C2) and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. […] Valve replacement for the treatment of aortic regurgitation is indicated for symptomatic patients with severe AR regardless of LV systolic function (D), asymptomatic patients with chronic severe AR and evidence of LV systolic dysfunction (EF less than 50%; ie, C2), and patients with severe AR (C or D) while undergoing cardiac surgery for any other indication.

• #3 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Aortic Regurgitation The aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV […] Aortic Stenosis The aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] Aim to optimize hemodynamic stability by managing heart valve disorders to maintain adequate blood flow and prevent complications such as congestive heart failure. […] Work towards minimizing symptoms associated with heart valve disorders, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and chest pain, to improve the overall quality of life for affected individuals. […] Provide comprehensive preoperative and postoperative care for individuals undergoing heart valve surgery. Aim for successful surgical interventions and support a smooth recovery process. […] Educate individuals with heart valve disorders on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and the importance of regular follow-up to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

• #3 Creating a better journey of care for patients with heart valve disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689964/

  Ensuring all patients have access to appropriate diagnosis and care without delays is imperative as we look towards rebuilding stronger and more resilient health systems, and build back better after the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. […] The timing of interventions for heart valve disease is a key determinant of their effectiveness. […] Individualized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team in a heart valve clinic is needed to assess a persons evolving needs and tailor care and support to each person over time. […] Better information is needed to guide patients through all aspects of their care, ensuring they feel empowered to recognize potential signs of deterioration of their condition and seek help accordingly. […] Appropriate support to help them develop suitable coping mechanisms and address their psychological needs must be part of the multidisciplinary care offered to them, ideally from diagnosis onwards. […] Making changes today represents a wise investment and should be viewed as an opportunity not to be missed.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Aortic Regurgitation aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV. […] Aortic Stenosis aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] The easiest way for a nurse to determine the presence of a valve disorder is to listen for murmurs. A murmur indicates abnormal or turbulent blood flow through the valve. […] If the valve should be open, but doesnt open fully stenosis. […] If the valve should be closed, but doesnt close fully regurgitation. […] Valve disorders can compromise cardiac output. Assess cardiovascular status to determine if there is decreased perfusion to the tissues. If BP is dropping, HR may increase to compensate. […] If blood is not going forward or backing up, it can cause pulmonary congestion leading to pulmonary edema. This would cause decreased SpO2, crackles in the lungs, and possibly even pink-frothy sputum.

• #4 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  During aortic valve repair, the surgeon may do one or all of the following: Separate valve flaps that have fused. Add support to the base of the valve. Reshape or remove excess valve tissue so that the cusps can close tightly. Patch holes or tears in a valve. […] In a mechanical valve replacement, an artificial heart valve made of strong material replaces the damaged valve. […] In a biological valve replacement, a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue replaces the damaged heart valve. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a type of heart valve surgery. It’s done to replace a narrowed aortic valve, a condition called aortic valve stenosis. […] If you have aortic valve disease, it’s important to talk with a health care professional before becoming pregnant. Careful and regular checkups are needed if you have aortic valve disease during pregnancy.

• #4 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed. […] Position the patient in an upright or semi-Fowler position to optimize lung expansion. […] Encourage deep breathing exercises and effective coughing techniques. […] Monitor fluid balance and administer diuretics as ordered to reduce pulmonary congestion. […] Assess the patients activity tolerance and establish baseline functional capacity. […] Encourage progressive activity and exercise within the patients limitations. […] Monitor vital signs and oxygen saturation levels before, during, and after activity. […] Provide rest periods and encourage the pacing of activities to prevent fatigue. […] Collaborate with physical and occupational therapists to develop an individualized exercise program. […] Assess the location, characteristics, and intensity of the patients chest pain.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer prescribed pain medications, such as nitroglycerin, as ordered. […] Monitor the patients response to pain management interventions. […] Encourage relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and guided imagery, to reduce anxiety and pain perception. […] Provide a calm and supportive environment to alleviate anxiety, which can exacerbate pain. […] Assess the patients level of anxiety and emotional concerns. […] Provide education and information about valvular heart disease, its management, and treatment options. […] Encourage the patient to express fears and concerns, and provide active listening and emotional support. […] Teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation. […] Refer the patient to counseling services or support groups as needed.

• #4

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). […] However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. […] Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications.

• #4 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Up to one-third of patients experience complications after TAVR, so nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Throughout the patients stay, make safety a nursing care priority. […] Teach the patient and family about the risk of bleeding caused by antiplatelet or antithrombotic medications. […] As the population eligible for TAVR expands and more prosthetic valves are approved, you’re likely to encounter more patients who undergo this procedure. By understanding the various TAVR approaches and postprocedure care, you can help ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #4 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  If you have aortic valve disease, here are some steps that may help you manage the condition: Take medicines as prescribed. Get support. Connecting with others who have the same or a similar condition may be helpful. Stay active. Regular exercise is one of the best ways to improve heart health. […] Your health care team is likely to ask you many questions, including: When did your symptoms begin? Do you always have symptoms, or do the symptoms come and go? How severe are your symptoms? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

• #4 Aortic Valve Disease | UNC Heart Valve Clinic

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/cardiology/uncheartvalve/diseases-and-treatments/aortic-valve-disease/

  Aortic valve stenosis occurs when the opening of the aortic valve becomes narrowed and the valve no longer opens fully with each heartbeat. […] Unfortunately, at least 1/3 of patients with aortic valve stenosis today are not receiving valve replacement, which is the only treatment that is effective for this condition. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternate treatment option to conventional open heart surgery, and TAVR has shown to have equal, and sometimes better outcomes than traditional surgery. […] Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is a life threatening condition. […] With TAVR, physicians now have the ability to provide aortic valve replacement via minimally-invasive approaches, including percutaneous procedures (intervention without an incision), which provide outcomes that are as good, or sometimes better than, surgical valve replacement.

• #4 Aortic Valve Disease | KY, OH & IN | St. Elizabeth Healthcare

  https://www.stelizabeth.com/care/medical-services-2/heart-vascular/structural-heart-valve-center/aortic-valve-disease/

  If you have aortic valve disease, our team of experienced valve specialists at Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center offers you the most advanced treatments for aortic valve problems. We provide individualized, personal care, carefully reviewing your medical history and test results so we can offer you the best treatment possible for your condition. […] You’ll have a nurse navigator to help set up appointments and coordinate your care every step of the way. At your first appointment, you’ll sit down with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist who will make a treatment plan with you to address your aortic valve disease. […] At the Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center, your care begins before your first appointment, as our team of specialists sits down together and studies your medical history and test results to evaluate treatment options that might be best for you. At your first appointment, you’ll meet with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist together, as well as a Nurse Navigator and an Advanced Practice Nurse, with plenty of time set aside for you and your family to ask questions and fully understand your options.

• #4 Aortic valve disease | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20214390/

  If aortic valve disease is mild or moderate or if you arent having symptoms, you may only need regular medical checkups to watch the condition. […] Eventually, surgery or a catheter procedure may be needed to repair or replace the diseased aortic valve. Some people with aortic valve disease need surgery even if its not severe or when its not causing symptoms. […] During aortic valve repair, the surgeon may do one or all of the following: Separate valve flaps that have fused. Add support to the base of the valve. Reshape or remove excess valve tissue so that the cusps can close tightly. Patch holes or tears in a valve. […] In aortic valve replacement, a surgeon removes the damaged valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. […] After diagnosis or treatment of aortic valve disease, youll need regular health checkups. Your health care team may suggest making heart-healthy lifestyle changes. […] If you have aortic valve disease, its important to talk with a health care professional before becoming pregnant. Careful and regular checkups are needed if you have aortic valve disease during pregnancy. […] If you think you have aortic valve disease, make an appointment for a health checkup.

• #4 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Management of BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #4 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients with Stage B mild aortic valve disease should have echocardiograms every 3 to 5 years, moderate every 1 to 2 years. For patients with stage C1 severe asymptomatic disease, echocardiography is necessary every 6 to 12 months. […] Valve replacement for aortic stenosis is recommended for asymptomatic patients (evidenced by history or stress testing) with a high-gradient disease or asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (C2) and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. […] Valve replacement for the treatment of aortic regurgitation is indicated for symptomatic patients with severe AR regardless of LV systolic function (D), asymptomatic patients with chronic severe AR and evidence of LV systolic dysfunction (EF less than 50%; ie, C2), and patients with severe AR (C or D) while undergoing cardiac surgery for any other indication.

• #4 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Follow strict hand hygiene protocols before and after any patient contact. […] Monitor the patients temperature and signs of infection. […] Educate the patient and family about the signs and symptoms of infection and when to seek medical attention. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to implement appropriate infection prevention measures during invasive procedures or surgical interventions. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed before invasive procedures, if indicated. […] Regularly evaluate the patients response to the nursing interventions and modify the care plan as necessary. Monitor the patients symptoms, functional capacity, pain level, anxiety level, and any signs of complications. Collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure comprehensive care and to optimize patient outcomes.

• #5 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Assessing heart sounds is critical in these patients and is the easiest way for a nurse to identify a valve disorder. A murmur indicates turbulent blood flow or abnormal blood flow through the valve. […] Notify the provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery.

• #5 Aortic Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease treatment involves an aortic valve replacement. […] After an evaluation by the heart team and undergoing appropriate testing, you will meet our nurse educator who will give you a booklet and talk to you about the stepwise progression you will be expected to make through your heart surgery for aortic valve disease. Your medications will be discussed, and you may be asked to stop certain medications up to one week before the aortic valve surgery procedure. It is important to plan ahead and make arrangements for transportation to and from the hospital and also help at home after the procedure. […] Patients are usually in the hospital for five to several days after aortic valve surgery. The stay in the ICU is usually for the first 24 hours, followed by a transfer to a monitored bed on the floor. Most patients begin walking the day after surgery. Here at Baylor Scott White Temple, we have a large team of people who specialize in the various aspects of recovery to work with you, teach you and instruct you on the best practices for your recovery. Follow-up visits in the clinic are at two weeks and four weeks after the aortic valve surgery.

• #5 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients with Stage B mild aortic valve disease should have echocardiograms every 3 to 5 years, moderate every 1 to 2 years. For patients with stage C1 severe asymptomatic disease, echocardiography is necessary every 6 to 12 months. […] Valve replacement for aortic stenosis is recommended for asymptomatic patients (evidenced by history or stress testing) with a high-gradient disease or asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (C2) and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%. […] Valve replacement for the treatment of aortic regurgitation is indicated for symptomatic patients with severe AR regardless of LV systolic function (D), asymptomatic patients with chronic severe AR and evidence of LV systolic dysfunction (EF less than 50%; ie, C2), and patients with severe AR (C or D) while undergoing cardiac surgery for any other indication.

• #5

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). […] However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. […] Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications.

• #5 TAVR Nursing Care Nursing CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/care-of-the-aortic-stenosis-patient-undergoing-transaortic-valve-replacement-tavr-2/

  The decision to proceed to intervention is based on several factors: the clients goals and beliefs, the presence or absence of symptoms, the severity of the lesion, remodeling of the ventricles, pulmonary or systemic congestion, a change from baseline heart rhythm, risk/benefit based on age, co-morbidities and life expectancy. […] The heart valve team is tasked with deciding the best pathway for the client based on current evidence and guidelines. […] Pain management should be titrated to the clients needs. […] Early mobilization is linked to shorter hospital stays and a decreased risk of venous thrombus. […] Proper education throughout the hospital stay may help decrease the incidence of these events.

• #5 Nursing Care Plan for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders-2

  Notify provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Patients with artificial heart valves are at high risk of developing endocarditis. They need to be taught about preventative measures, including receiving prophylactic antibiotics prior to any invasive procedures. […] Oral hygiene is imperative to prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery. It is so important that you, as the nurse, educate them on why this is so important.

• #5 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Follow strict hand hygiene protocols before and after any patient contact. […] Monitor the patients temperature and signs of infection. […] Educate the patient and family about the signs and symptoms of infection and when to seek medical attention. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to implement appropriate infection prevention measures during invasive procedures or surgical interventions. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed before invasive procedures, if indicated. […] Regularly evaluate the patients response to the nursing interventions and modify the care plan as necessary. Monitor the patients symptoms, functional capacity, pain level, anxiety level, and any signs of complications. Collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure comprehensive care and to optimize patient outcomes.

• #5 Managing Your Aortic Valve Disease – Symptoms & Treatment | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/conditions/heart-and-vascular-conditions/aortic-regurgitaion-aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease includes aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and aortic insufficiency (or regurgitation). […] People with mild to moderate conditions and no symptoms may just need regular checkups. […] Drugs are usually initially used to treat symptoms of AVS. Surgery is performed in more severe cases. It includes aortic valve replacement and balloon valvuloplasty. […] People with symptoms of aortic valve insufficiency generally need surgery. However, surgery (valve repair or replacement) may also be done even when no symptoms occur if there is evidence of worsening aortic insufficiency on echocardiogram. […] DO control high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Eat low-fat, low-salt, low-cholesterol foods. Lose weight if you’re overweight. […] DO see your health care provider for regular checkups. […] DONT take over-the-counter medicines unless your health care provider says you can. […] DONT smoke or drink alcohol or caffeine.

• #5 2019 Expert Consensus to Optimize Care for Patients With Heart Valve Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/04/16/17/56/2019-AATS-ACC-Expert-Consensus-Systems-of-Care-VHD

  Providing optimal care to patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) is an increasingly complex process. […] The proposed integrated model of care for patients with VHD is based on a concept of a graduated system, with an initial tier of recognition and consideration for referral, followed by matching the patient based on disease complexity with the appropriate center of expertise and available resources. […] The initial step in the management of patients with VHD is recognition and subsequent diagnosis, usually by a primary care physician, advanced practice provider, or general cardiologist. […] Centers designated as having VHD expertise not only perform certain procedures, but also have multidisciplinary teams capable of assessing and managing patients according to evidence-based guidelines while emphasizing shared decision making.

• #5 Aortic Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/aortic-valve-disease

  Patients are admitted for observation and usually return home within 24-48 hours following the TAVR procedure. Most patients begin walking shortly after the procedure. Limitations include no heavy lifting (more than 10 lbs.) or driving for two to three weeks. Follow-up with the TAVR team is at 30 days and at one year.

• #5 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #5 Aortic Valve Disease | KY, OH & IN | St. Elizabeth Healthcare

  https://www.stelizabeth.com/care/medical-services-2/heart-vascular/structural-heart-valve-center/aortic-valve-disease/

  If you have aortic valve disease, our team of experienced valve specialists at Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center offers you the most advanced treatments for aortic valve problems. We provide individualized, personal care, carefully reviewing your medical history and test results so we can offer you the best treatment possible for your condition. […] You’ll have a nurse navigator to help set up appointments and coordinate your care every step of the way. At your first appointment, you’ll sit down with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist who will make a treatment plan with you to address your aortic valve disease. […] At the Florence Wormald Heart & Vascular Institute at St. Elizabeth Structural Heart and Valve Center, your care begins before your first appointment, as our team of specialists sits down together and studies your medical history and test results to evaluate treatment options that might be best for you. At your first appointment, you’ll meet with a cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist together, as well as a Nurse Navigator and an Advanced Practice Nurse, with plenty of time set aside for you and your family to ask questions and fully understand your options.

• #5 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Up to one-third of patients experience complications after TAVR, so nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Throughout the patients stay, make safety a nursing care priority. […] Teach the patient and family about the risk of bleeding caused by antiplatelet or antithrombotic medications. […] As the population eligible for TAVR expands and more prosthetic valves are approved, you’re likely to encounter more patients who undergo this procedure. By understanding the various TAVR approaches and postprocedure care, you can help ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

• #5 Heart Valve Disorders Program | Heart and Vascular Care | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/services-treatments/heart-and-vascular-care/cardiology/heart-valve-disease-program

  Women with heart valve disease need specialized monitoring during pregnancy. Cardiologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists in our Heart Health and Pregnancy Program provide the care you need. […] Heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmias are some of the most common complications of valve disease. At UMass Memorial, we have a range of specialty programs and clinics to manage any related conditions.

• #5 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Management of BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #5 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  If you have aortic valve disease, here are some steps that may help you manage the condition: Take medicines as prescribed. Get support. Connecting with others who have the same or a similar condition may be helpful. Stay active. Regular exercise is one of the best ways to improve heart health. […] Your health care team is likely to ask you many questions, including: When did your symptoms begin? Do you always have symptoms, or do the symptoms come and go? How severe are your symptoms? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

• #6 Aortic Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease treatment involves an aortic valve replacement. […] After an evaluation by the heart team and undergoing appropriate testing, you will meet our nurse educator who will give you a booklet and talk to you about the stepwise progression you will be expected to make through your heart surgery for aortic valve disease. Your medications will be discussed, and you may be asked to stop certain medications up to one week before the aortic valve surgery procedure. It is important to plan ahead and make arrangements for transportation to and from the hospital and also help at home after the procedure. […] Patients are usually in the hospital for five to several days after aortic valve surgery. The stay in the ICU is usually for the first 24 hours, followed by a transfer to a monitored bed on the floor. Most patients begin walking the day after surgery. Here at Baylor Scott White Temple, we have a large team of people who specialize in the various aspects of recovery to work with you, teach you and instruct you on the best practices for your recovery. Follow-up visits in the clinic are at two weeks and four weeks after the aortic valve surgery.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Administer prescribed pain medications, such as nitroglycerin, as ordered. […] Monitor the patients response to pain management interventions. […] Encourage relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and guided imagery, to reduce anxiety and pain perception. […] Provide a calm and supportive environment to alleviate anxiety, which can exacerbate pain. […] Assess the patients level of anxiety and emotional concerns. […] Provide education and information about valvular heart disease, its management, and treatment options. […] Encourage the patient to express fears and concerns, and provide active listening and emotional support. […] Teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation. […] Refer the patient to counseling services or support groups as needed.

• #6

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common defect of the heart valve, especially among the elderly. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure, has advanced significantly over the past decade as a novel technology to treating symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high-risk elderly patients or those who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). […] However, like any medical procedure, there may be potential complications, such as damage to blood vessels, cerebral artery embolism, acute kidney injury from contrast agents, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. […] Particularly within the first 24 hours post TAVR procedure, nurses play a crucial role in caring for patients to achieve treatment goals and ensure safety from potential complications.

• #6 TAVR Nursing Care Nursing CEU – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/care-of-the-aortic-stenosis-patient-undergoing-transaortic-valve-replacement-tavr-2/

  The decision to proceed to intervention is based on several factors: the clients goals and beliefs, the presence or absence of symptoms, the severity of the lesion, remodeling of the ventricles, pulmonary or systemic congestion, a change from baseline heart rhythm, risk/benefit based on age, co-morbidities and life expectancy. […] The heart valve team is tasked with deciding the best pathway for the client based on current evidence and guidelines. […] Pain management should be titrated to the clients needs. […] Early mobilization is linked to shorter hospital stays and a decreased risk of venous thrombus. […] Proper education throughout the hospital stay may help decrease the incidence of these events.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan for Valvular Heart Disease – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-valvular-heart-disease/

  Follow strict hand hygiene protocols before and after any patient contact. […] Monitor the patients temperature and signs of infection. […] Educate the patient and family about the signs and symptoms of infection and when to seek medical attention. […] Collaborate with the healthcare team to implement appropriate infection prevention measures during invasive procedures or surgical interventions. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as prescribed before invasive procedures, if indicated. […] Regularly evaluate the patients response to the nursing interventions and modify the care plan as necessary. Monitor the patients symptoms, functional capacity, pain level, anxiety level, and any signs of complications. Collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure comprehensive care and to optimize patient outcomes.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Assessing heart sounds is critical in these patients and is the easiest way for a nurse to identify a valve disorder. A murmur indicates turbulent blood flow or abnormal blood flow through the valve. […] Notify the provider of new or sudden onset or murmurs, especially if accompanied by signs of poor perfusion or pulmonary edema. […] Patients who receive artificial valve replacements will require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. They need to be taught precautions for anticoagulant therapy, including using electric razors and soft bristle toothbrushes and how often they will require monitoring, if at all. […] Oral hygiene is imperative for the prevention of endocarditis after valve repair. This may seem silly but it is a HUGE deal. The evidence has shown that bacteria from the oral cavity are highly likely to translocate (move) to the heart and become lodged in/on the valves. This is also why patients should avoid dental procedures for 6 months after valve surgery.

• #6 Aortic valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355122

  If you have aortic valve disease, here are some steps that may help you manage the condition: Take medicines as prescribed. Get support. Connecting with others who have the same or a similar condition may be helpful. Stay active. Regular exercise is one of the best ways to improve heart health. […] Your health care team is likely to ask you many questions, including: When did your symptoms begin? Do you always have symptoms, or do the symptoms come and go? How severe are your symptoms? What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?

• #6 Creating a better journey of care for patients with heart valve disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689964/

  Ensuring all patients have access to appropriate diagnosis and care without delays is imperative as we look towards rebuilding stronger and more resilient health systems, and build back better after the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. […] The timing of interventions for heart valve disease is a key determinant of their effectiveness. […] Individualized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team in a heart valve clinic is needed to assess a persons evolving needs and tailor care and support to each person over time. […] Better information is needed to guide patients through all aspects of their care, ensuring they feel empowered to recognize potential signs of deterioration of their condition and seek help accordingly. […] Appropriate support to help them develop suitable coping mechanisms and address their psychological needs must be part of the multidisciplinary care offered to them, ideally from diagnosis onwards. […] Making changes today represents a wise investment and should be viewed as an opportunity not to be missed.

• #6 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #6 Heart Valve Disease: Treatment and Types | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/heart-valve-disease

  Heart valve disease, also known as valvular heart disease, refers to conditions that affect one or more of the hearts four valves: the aortic valve, the mitral valve, the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve. […] Heart valve disease is sometimes referred to as structural heart disease, as valve disease can impact the structure and function of your heart. […] Aortic valve disease, including regurgitation (also known as insufficiency), stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve disease. […] For some patients, medication may be enough to improve valve function. […] If a patients diagnosis is severe and their symptoms persist or worsen despite proper medication, surgery may be needed to repair or replace the heart valve. […] This transcatheter procedure uses a balloon to open or widen the problem valve to restore normal blood flow in patients. […] Our heart valve disease experts treat the full range of structural heart conditions. […] Our team, led by doctors representing multiple specialties, provides the individualized care you need. […] We emphasize patient education and want patients to participate in their treatment decisions.

• #6 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Up to one-third of patients experience complications after TAVR, so nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Throughout the patients stay, make safety a nursing care priority. […] Teach the patient and family about the risk of bleeding caused by antiplatelet or antithrombotic medications. […] As the population eligible for TAVR expands and more prosthetic valves are approved, you’re likely to encounter more patients who undergo this procedure. By understanding the various TAVR approaches and postprocedure care, you can help ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

• #6 Heart Valve Disorders Program | Heart and Vascular Care | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/services-treatments/heart-and-vascular-care/cardiology/heart-valve-disease-program

  Women with heart valve disease need specialized monitoring during pregnancy. Cardiologists and maternal-fetal medicine specialists in our Heart Health and Pregnancy Program provide the care you need. […] Heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmias are some of the most common complications of valve disease. At UMass Memorial, we have a range of specialty programs and clinics to manage any related conditions.

• #6 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav

  Doctors at the Frankel Cardiovascular Centers Comprehensive Aortic Program have extensive experience treating patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. […] Our congenital heart disease specialists will track your condition to identify any changes early. Close follow-up care is important to protect your heart and prevent a life-threatening condition. […] For more severe valve disease, you may need a minimally invasive procedure or open-heart surgery to replace or repair your aortic valve. If you have an enlarged aorta or indication of an aneurysm or dissection, your doctor will also recommend treating that condition.

• #6 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Heart Valve Disorders | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-heart-valve-disorders

  Aortic Regurgitation The aortic valve cannot close completely, therefore blood back-flows into the LV […] Aortic Stenosis The aortic valve cannot open fully or is narrowed, therefore blood cant get out of LV. […] Aim to optimize hemodynamic stability by managing heart valve disorders to maintain adequate blood flow and prevent complications such as congestive heart failure. […] Work towards minimizing symptoms associated with heart valve disorders, such as dyspnea, fatigue, and chest pain, to improve the overall quality of life for affected individuals. […] Provide comprehensive preoperative and postoperative care for individuals undergoing heart valve surgery. Aim for successful surgical interventions and support a smooth recovery process. […] Educate individuals with heart valve disorders on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and the importance of regular follow-up to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall cardiovascular health.

• #6 Aortic Valve Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542205/

  Patients whose life expectancy after the replacement is less than 1 year or whose quality of life is not expected to improve would not be candidates for valve replacement. […] However, if life expectancy is greater than 1 year, and predictions include improvement in the quality of life, there are 2 methods for aortic valve replacement: surgical or transcatheter. […] The difficulty with diagnosing and treating aortic stenosis lies with the vast array of nonspecific symptoms the patient may present, creating a substantial differential. […] The sooner those symptoms are identified and management initiated, the better the patients long-term survival. […] In summary, caring for patients with aortic valve disease requires an interprofessional team approach, including clinicians/specialists, mid-level practitioners (NPs and PAs), specialty-trained nurses, and pharmacists, collaborating across disciplines to achieve optimal patient results.

• #7 Caring for Patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement –

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/caring-patients-transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement/

  Up to one-third of patients experience complications after TAVR, so nursing care focuses mainly on patient monitoring and assessment and on educating patients about activity, diet, medications, and pain management. […] Throughout the patients stay, make safety a nursing care priority. […] Teach the patient and family about the risk of bleeding caused by antiplatelet or antithrombotic medications. […] As the population eligible for TAVR expands and more prosthetic valves are approved, you’re likely to encounter more patients who undergo this procedure. By understanding the various TAVR approaches and postprocedure care, you can help ensure the best possible patient outcomes.

• #7 Aortic Valve Disease | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/aortic-valve-disease

  Patients are admitted for observation and usually return home within 24-48 hours following the TAVR procedure. Most patients begin walking shortly after the procedure. Limitations include no heavy lifting (more than 10 lbs.) or driving for two to three weeks. Follow-up with the TAVR team is at 30 days and at one year.

• #7 Your Aortic Stenosis Care Team | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/your-aortic-stenosis-care-team

  Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve opening that restricts blood flow out of the heart, requires careful monitoring and often surgery or other intervention to replace the valve. […] Other team members that are involved in patient care and management before, during and after their procedure include cardiovascular nurses, cardiovascular anesthesiologists and intensivists. Intensivists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of patients in intensive care. […] Because aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure, a heart failure specialist can be an important team member to help you carefully manage your condition. Advanced practice providers such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants work in various health care settings and can do many tasks that physicians do. These include taking your medical history, conducting exams and ordering lab work and other tests. A valve clinic coordinator is typically your first contact at a hospital that performs aortic valve surgery. The valve clinic coordinator helps patients navigate treatment and address related issues from referral through follow-up care. Large medical centers often create heart teams, or structural heart teams, of health care professionals from varied specialties. They are also known as multidisciplinary teams. Team members pool their expertise as they guide patients to decide the best course of treatment, especially in complex cases.

• #7 Creating a better journey of care for patients with heart valve disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8689964/

  Ensuring all patients have access to appropriate diagnosis and care without delays is imperative as we look towards rebuilding stronger and more resilient health systems, and build back better after the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. […] The timing of interventions for heart valve disease is a key determinant of their effectiveness. […] Individualized follow-up by a multidisciplinary team in a heart valve clinic is needed to assess a persons evolving needs and tailor care and support to each person over time. […] Better information is needed to guide patients through all aspects of their care, ensuring they feel empowered to recognize potential signs of deterioration of their condition and seek help accordingly. […] Appropriate support to help them develop suitable coping mechanisms and address their psychological needs must be part of the multidisciplinary care offered to them, ideally from diagnosis onwards. […] Making changes today represents a wise investment and should be viewed as an opportunity not to be missed.

• #7 Aortic Valve Disease | UNC Heart Valve Clinic

  https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/cardiology/uncheartvalve/diseases-and-treatments/aortic-valve-disease/

  Aortic valve stenosis occurs when the opening of the aortic valve becomes narrowed and the valve no longer opens fully with each heartbeat. […] Unfortunately, at least 1/3 of patients with aortic valve stenosis today are not receiving valve replacement, which is the only treatment that is effective for this condition. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternate treatment option to conventional open heart surgery, and TAVR has shown to have equal, and sometimes better outcomes than traditional surgery. […] Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is a life threatening condition. […] With TAVR, physicians now have the ability to provide aortic valve replacement via minimally-invasive approaches, including percutaneous procedures (intervention without an incision), which provide outcomes that are as good, or sometimes better than, surgical valve replacement.

• #7 Aortic valve stenosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-stenosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353145

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your aortic valve stenosis-related health concerns […] Treatment for aortic valve stenosis depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. Aortic valve stenosis ranges from mild to severe. […] If you have aortic valve stenosis, your healthcare team may recommend that you limit strenuous activity to avoid overworking your heart. […] If you have aortic stenosis and are considering pregnancy, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team about your plans. Together, you can talk about the safety of medicines and whether you need treatment for aortic valve stenosis before getting pregnant. […] Those with heart valve disease such as aortic valve stenosis usually require close checkups by a healthcare professional during pregnancy. If you have severe aortic stenosis, healthcare professionals may tell you not to get pregnant due to the risk of complications.

• #7 Bicuspid aortic valve: General management in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bicuspid-aortic-valve-general-management-in-adults

  Bicuspid aortic valve condition is a valvulo-aortopathy (affecting both the aortic valve and the thoracic aorta). Adults with bicuspid aortic valves commonly develop aortic valve dysfunction and disease of the ascending aorta and therefore require surveillance and appropriate management of these conditions. The management of bicuspid aortic valve disease in adults includes surveillance, timely intervention for valve disease and aortopathy, treatment of hypertension, measures to address the risk of infective endocarditis, counseling patients on physical activity, and management prior to and during pregnancy. […] General noninterventional management for adults with bicuspid aortic valve will be discussed here.

• #7 Aortic Valve Disease | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/heart/aortic-valve-disease

  Open-heart surgery for aortic valve repair or replacement may be performed through an incision in the mid-chest or through a small incision in the upper-right chest, known as a mini-thoracotomy. Your surgeon will recommend the approach and procedure that are best for your needs and anatomy. […] Also called transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), this minimally invasive procedure is used to treat aortic valve stenosis as well as some cases of aortic valve insufficiency and degeneration of bioprosthetic valves. The heart is accessed through small incisions, and a prosthetic valve is implanted within the diseased valve. […] TAVR and AVR can preserve or improve heart function, quality of life, and survival. Our specialists are skilled in the placement of all commercially available TAVR devices and use multiple delivery approaches (through the groin, neck, or chest). As a result, we are able to offer treatment options to people who have been turned away elsewhere. […] Our cardiac prevention and cardiac rehabilitation programs give you a personalized plan for recovery after surgery and help with long-term management of your heart health. Programs include exercise instruction, nutritional counseling, and lifestyle modification to optimize your health.

• #7 Valvular Heart Disease | Heart Valve Disease | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html

  In some cases, valve replacement is necessary. There are 2 types of replacement valves: Biologic valves made from pig, cow, or human tissue. These valves tend to wear out after 10 to 15 years, but some may last longer. Mechanical (human-made) valves usually don’t wear out. But with a mechanical valve, you usually have to take blood thinners for the rest of your life to prevent blood clots. And your risk of endocarditis (a heart infection) is higher than with a biologic valve.

• #8 2019 Expert Consensus to Optimize Care for Patients With Heart Valve Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/04/16/17/56/2019-AATS-ACC-Expert-Consensus-Systems-of-Care-VHD

  Primary (Level II) Valve Centers should at a minimum have the expertise and resources to perform surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and transfemoral transcatheter AVR (TAVR). […] Comprehensive (Level I) Valve Centers should have the resources and capabilities to evaluate and perform all commercially available interventional and surgical procedures, including TAVR using nontransfemoral approaches and valve-in-valve TAVR, transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair, and percutaneous closure of paravalvular leaks; and complex surgical procedures including complex aortic root procedures including valve-sparing root repair, and the ability to treat patients with complicated infective endocarditis. […] All Valve Centers require consistent access to high-quality echocardiography and an echocardiographer with expertise in VHD. […] All Valve Centers should have a formal multidisciplinary team composed of personnel with expertise in managing patients with VHD.

• #8

  https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/simedbull/article/view/263170

  Therefore, nurses must possess knowledge and nursing skills for assessment and close monitoring of changing conditions. […] Understanding TAVR approaches, post-procedural monitoring, and potential complications will enable nurses to provide better care for patients undergoing TAVR and ensure the best possible outcomes.

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