Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: a literature review on epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis and work-up – Al-Thakafi – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/10408/html

  Peyronies disease (PD), a fibromatous disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penile corpus cavernosum, named after the French physician Francois de la Peyronie, is characterized by pain, plaque formation, penile curvature, and plaque calcification. The epidemiological data on PD is inconsistent, with recent reports stating a prevalence of up to 9%, and the condition affecting men of all ages, from teenagers to septuagenarians. […] To date, no cohort data has clearly characterized the incidence and/or prevalence of PD among the general population, thus epidemiologic data on PD are limited. Inconsistencies on epidemiological data on PD exist, as healthcare providers assume that most men feel embarrassed about reporting this condition. […] It is estimated that the condition is present in around 0.3% to 13.1% men around the world. The prevalence may increase further in certain sub-populations. For example, the prevalence of PD in men operated for radical prostatectomy is up to 16%.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: Diagnosis and medical management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peyronies-disease-diagnosis-and-medical-management

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an acquired, localized fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea, resulting in penile deformity; mass; pain; and, in some men, erectile dysfunction. […] Many clinicians, including urologists, have the misconception that PD is a rare condition, based on previous case reports documenting a prevalence of ≤1 percent. Contemporary estimates are several-fold higher, perhaps partly due to the introduction of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction (ED) leading to improved general awareness among patients and clinicians.

• #1 Peyronie Disease | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/111973

  The reported prevalence of Peyronie disease ranges from 0.3% to 20.3%. There is considerable variability by country, cohort, age, and ethnicity of patients included in the studies. Some of the variability stems from studies using different diagnostic criteria or data collection methods, such as inconsistent patient or physician reporting strategies. […] For example, Lindsay and associates reported a 0.39% prevalence rate when studying a group in the United States. In contrast, Schwarzer et al reported a 3.2% prevalence after mailing a standardized questionnaire to 8000 men in France. A much larger three-phase study investigated the prevalence of Peyronie disease in 11420 males in the United States and reported rates of up to 13%. […] White men have the highest reported incidence, but this may merely reflect the increased difficulty in obtaining information from other groups. Men aged 50 to 59 are most commonly affected by Peyronie disease, with an average age of 55 at the time of presentation. However, Peyronie disease can still be present at any age in adulthood, with some reports in teenagers.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: a literature review on epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis and work-up – Al-Thakafi – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/10408/html

  To date, Schwarzer et al. performed the biggest prevalence study for PD [2001], in which 8,000 men were sought for the questionnaire-based study, and a total of 4,432 (55.4%) responded. The results showed that 3.2% subjects had newly developed palpable plaque. The prevalence for age groups 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years was 1.5%, 3%, 3%, and 4% respectively. The maximum prevalence (6.5%) was in men older than 70 years. […] Sexual dysfunction among young men in their second decade of life is commonly under investigated and under treated. Literature on sexual dysfunction in young men is scarce. […] Comorbid factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia impair vascular and neural pathways, and are commonly reported as risk factors for PD. […] The exact etiology of PD is not clearly understood, and out of numerous theories proposed, penile trauma is postulated to be a major causative factor.

• #1 Peyronie Disease | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/111973

  Accurately determining the prevalence of Peyronie disease is challenging due to the embarrassment many patients feel about the condition. The actual prevalence is, therefore, most likely much greater than reported and has been estimated to be as high as 18%. Given the wide variation of reported prevalence rates, the best overall estimate of Peyronie disease is about 9% to 10% of adult males.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Peyronies-Disease.aspx

  The prevalence of Peyronies disease in general population can be quite variable between studies. Generally accepted range in the literature is from 0.39% (population of Rochester, Minnesota) to 3.2% (Cologne, France). One large survey on 11,420 individuals from the US estimated its prevalence from 0.5 to 13.1%, explaining the variability with the differences in diagnostic criteria. […] The disease epidemiology has also been researched in different sub-populations. In a cohort of men that underwent screening for prostate cancer, Peyronies disease prevalence was 8.9%. Significantly higher prevalence of 15.9% is seen in men after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, in men evaluated for erectile dysfunction, Peyronies disease was found in 7.9% of affected individuals. Diabetes has also been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of this condition.

• #1 Peyronie Disease: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/456574-overview

  The rate of PD is reported to be 0.39-3%. However, that is probably an underestimation because of the embarrassment most men feel about having this condition. Underreporting may also result from men whose symptoms are mild or nondebilitating not seeking medical attention. Although this condition usually affects men aged 40-70 years, several authors have reported cases in younger individuals. […] Schwarzer et al found a prevalence of 3.2% for the new appearance of a palpable plaque, in a large population-based self-report survey sent to 8000 men and answered by 4432 (55.4%). The prevalence by age was 1.5% for men aged 30-39 years, 3% for men aged 40-49 years, 3% for men aged 50-59 years, 4% for men aged 60-69 years, and 6.5% for men aged 70 or older. Associated with the plaque, 84% reported penile angulation; 47% reported painful erections; 32% noted the triad of plaque, angulation, and pain; and 41% also reported ED. […] Mulhall et al found the prevalence of PD to be 8.9% in 534 men who were screened for prostate cancer in the United States. These investigators also found that a significant proportion of men with PD also had hypertension and diabetes.

• #1 Peyronie’s Disease Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/peyronies-disease-guideline

  Epidemiology. Findings regarding prevalence rates depend on the methodology employed, the sample under study, how PD is defined, and how men are queried with ranges from 0.5% to 20.3% within specific populations. Using a population-based methodology in a U.S. sample aged 18 years and older, Dibenedetti (2011) reported a prevalence rate of 0.5% for men who had been formally diagnosed with PD, a rate of 0.8% for men who had been diagnosed or treated for PD, and a rate of 13.1% for men who had been diagnosed or treated or had any symptom of PD. Schwarzer (2001) conducted a community-based study among men in Cologne, Germany and reported a prevalence rate of 3.2% in men aged 31-78 years. Another population-based study in Italian men reported a prevalence rate of 7.1% among men aged 50-69 years. Among men older than age 40 years screened for prostate cancer in the U.S., a prevalence of 8.9% was reported. Men older than 50 years screened for prostate cancer in Southern Brazil had a prevalence rate of 3.7%. Rates may be higher among men who present with comorbidities. El-Sakka (2006) reported a prevalence rate of 7.9% among men who presented with ED. Arafa (2007) reported a rate of 20.3% among men who were diabetic with ED. Together, this group of studies suggests that prevalence rates historically have been under-estimated. The higher rates detected in more recent studies suggest a greater awareness of the disease and its symptoms.

• #1 Peyronie’s Disease – Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad, M.D., F.A.C.S

  https://www.hsadeghi.com/peyronies-disease/

  PD can affect men across a wide range of ages and is not limited to older men. Tefekli et al. have reported that the incidence of PD in men younger than 40 is 8.2%, and that the majority have a dorsal curvature, with a 21% incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED). Similarly, Levine et al. have reported that patients younger than 40 who have PD are more likely to suffer from ED, but less likely to recall a traumatic event or report pain associated with PD. […] Whereas earlier reports of PD prevalence from the 1960s had documented a prevalence of 0.30-0.7%, the results of a large European survey in 2001 indicated that PD affects a much larger segment (3.2%) of the male population. Others have postulated that the actual prevalence may be higher, as many men would be expected not to report the condition due to embarrassment. A study of 534 men who had originally presented to their urologist for prostate cancer screening in the US reported objective evidence of PD in 8.9% of the patients.

• #1 Peyronie’s Disease | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/male-infertility-and-sexual-medicine/conditions-we-treat/peyronies-disease

  Originally, the incidence of Peyronie’s disease was estimated to be approximately 1-3%. More recent research suggests that the incidence is far higher, at approximately 8.9%. This same research estimates that roughly one third of patients do not even know they have this condition. […] Peyronie’s disease appears to be more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly northern European Caucasians; it is uncommon in African-American men and rare in Asian men. […] Risks of Peyronie’s Disease include advanced age, diabetes and erectile dysfunction. It is also believed that there is an association between Peyronie’s disease and Dupuytren’s disease (aka Dupuytren’s contracture). […] As many as 16% of men undergoing surgery for prostate cancer may develop Peyronie’s disease within 3 years of having surgery.

• #1 Molecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors Related to the Pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10133

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by the formation of fibrous lesions or plaques in the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. The prevalence of PD has been reported to range from 0.6% to 20%, with wide variations among regions and ethnic groups although it is particularly low in Asians. […] Epidemiological studies have indicated various risk factors possibly associated with its development, such as smoking, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and older age. […] A large-scale survey of more than 8000 PD patients conducted in Sweden showed that they had increased risk of self-harm, as well as anxiety and depression. […] The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding regarding the involvement of risk factors in the molecular mechanisms associated with PD pathogenesis, as well as to provide insight into disease prevention and novel therapeutic interventions.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: Review of the pathology and current events in treatment

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2524-177X2019000400208

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) mainly affects men aged between 40 and 70 years, mostly of Caucasian origin, with a prevalence of 0.4-9%, and an incidence of 0.39-3%. The risk factor that is majorly associated with PD is trauma. Other associated factors to a lesser extent are peripheral vascular disease, smoking, alcoholism, and some invasive urological procedures (transurethral resection of the prostate and cystoscopy). Other studies comment on an inverse relationship, with high LDL levels and abdominal circumference, treatment with thiazides and Dupuytren’s disease. […] A thorough enquiry and physical examination should be performed for a basic evaluation, with an artificially induced erection to measure and document the degree of curvature, as well as document the fibrous plaque by ultrasound scan, if such procedure is available. Patient information should also be collected about the onset of the disease and duration, a history of trauma to the genitals and perineum, the development of penile deformity, curvature, penis shrinkage, erectile dysfunction, and subjective evaluation of the erectile and sexual function.

• #1 A review of the epidemiology and treatment of Peyronie’s disease | RRU

  https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-of-the-epidemiology-and-treatment-of-peyronie39s-disease-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU

  Increasing age and trauma have been shown to be risk factors for PD in multiple studies. […] There is also evidence of a genetic predisposition leading to the formation of Peyronies plaque as up to 20% of patients with PD have Dupuytrens contracture of the tendons in their hand and up to 9% of men with PD will have a family member with Dupuytrens contraction. […] The quality of life of the patients and partners is significantly impacted as men with PD are at increased risk of depression, lowered self-esteem, and relationship difficulties, in addition to body image issues and pain. […] PD is common and likely underreported. The disease causes significant physical and psychological distress for patients. There are a wide variety of treatment options that have been used in the past. Recently, there are highly effective nonsurgical treatment options, which will likely increase patient and provider awareness as well as prevalence of the disease.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: a literature review on epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis and work-up – Al-Thakafi – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/10408/html

  The natural history of PD is variable among different patients. The progression of the condition may take place over several years. PD has been observed as a self-limiting condition in earlier research and it has been found that most of the cases resolve spontaneously. […] The prevalence of PD is much greater than previously thought; the development of extensive screening would offer a means of evaluating associated comorbidities, and would provide a better understanding of the risk factors.

• #1 A review of the epidemiology and treatment of Peyronie’s disease | RRU

  https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-of-the-epidemiology-and-treatment-of-peyronie39s-disease-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU

  Peyronies disease (PD) has significant effect on patients and their partners. We provide a current review of the epidemiology as well as the nonsurgical and surgical treatment of PD. […] PD is common and likely underreported. The availability of new and highly effective treatment options will catalyze patient awareness and subsequently the prevalence of disease. […] Contemporary scientific literature suggests markedly variable rates of PD based on country of origin. The prevalence of PD is reported to be between 0.4% and 3.2% of men in the United States. […] Most likely, these rates are underestimates due to patients failure to seek evaluation and treatment due to embarrassment from their condition. […] Multiple studies have evaluated risk factors associated with PD, such as age, diabetes, smoking, Caucasian descent, and genetic predisposition.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management – Abstract

  https://urotoday.review/recent-abstracts/men-s-health/peyronie-s-disease/64458-peyronie-s-disease-epidemiology-diagnosis-and-management-abstract.html

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penis that is characterized by formation of collagen plaques on the tunica albuginea of the penis that may result in penile deformity, pain (typically early in the disease course), and often occurs in conjunction with erectile dysfunction. […] The course of PD includes an early „inflammatory” phase that may last from 1-18 months and a subsequent „stable” phase. […] Currently, there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies that have shown significant efficacy for PD. […] PD is frequently undiagnosed.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease: Review of the pathology and current events in treatment

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2524-177X2019000400208

  Over time, the penile curvature will get worse in about 30-50% of patients with PD and will stabilize in 47-67% of cases. Pain occurs in about 35-45% of patients at an early stage of the disease and subsides in about 90% of cases at 12 months after the presentation of symptoms. As for findings, comments during medical examinations state that 100% of the patients presented induration, 83% presented induration accompanied by angulation, 46% presented induration accompanied by pain, and only 32% of patients presented induration, angulation, and pain.

• #1 Peyronie’s Disease | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/male-infertility-and-sexual-medicine/conditions-we-treat/peyronies-disease

  It is estimated that approximately 12% of men who have Peyronie’s disease will have improvement or complete correction of their penile curvature within the first 12 months of their condition. […] When evaluating a patient with Peyronie’s disease it is important to examine the penis in its entirety. […] All patients considered candidates for surgical correction should undergo penile vascular evaluation. […] There is no uniformly agreed upon treatment algorithm for males in the acute phase of Peyronie’s disease. […] Experts in sexual medicine often prescribe oral medications during the acute phase of Peyronie’s disease in hopes of mitigating worsening penile scarring. […] Patients who fail to respond to drug therapy for Peyronie’s disease and who have curvature for longer than 12 months are considered candidates for surgical intervention.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Peyronies-Disease.aspx

  The burden of psychosocial distress that follows this condition is not negligible, as shown by studies using validated questionnaires. Certain emotional difficulties have been reported in 81% of men with Peyronies disease, while true depression may develop in up to 48% of affected individuals. Therefore, multidisciplinary approach should always be used when addressing this condition.

• #1 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240200

  Peyronies disease is characterized by the development of fibrosis or nodule/plaque within the penile tunica albuginea, hindering penile tunica albuginea expansion during erection and resulting in a distinctive penile curvature. […] The reported prevalence rates vary, with some estimates reaching 20%, and they seem to be increasing. […] The prevalence of Peyronies disease has been estimated in the range of 0.4% to 20.3%, depending on the study method, target population, and diagnostic definition. […] Although prevalence studies have not yet been reported in Korea, the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service has reported 3031 outpatient visits and 223 surgeries related to the disease in 2022. […] Recent estimates tend to be higher than older estimates, which likely reflects the previous underreporting of the disease and a recent increase in disease awareness.

• #1

  https://peyronies-disease.xiaflex.com/hcp/about/

  Clinicians should engage in a diagnostic process to document the signs and symptoms that characterize Peyronies disease. […] Because of the embarrassment involved with Peyronies disease, men may not seek help, leaving the condition undiagnosed. […] 92% of men with Peyronies disease did not receive that diagnosis the first time they saw an HCP for penile symptoms. […] In the XIAFLEX clinical trials for Peyronies disease, the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions (25%) and at an incidence greater than placebo included: penile hematoma, penile swelling, and penile pain. […] A population-based study of Peyronies disease: prevalence and treatment patterns in the United States. […] The prevalence of Peyronies disease in the United States: a population-based study.

• #1 Peyronie’s disease – Watch out for the bend

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/peyronies-disease

  Diagnosis of Peyronies disease is readily made by a typical history and penile examination. […] Diagnosis of Peyronies disease is largely based on history and examination, and specific investigation, at the general practice level, is not usually indicated. […] Referral to a specialist urologist should be considered if Peyronies disease is causing sexual difficulties or patient anxiety, curvature continues to progress or the diagnosis is not clear. […] Surgical treatments for the curvature of Peyronies disease remain the gold standard, but should only be performed in the stable or chronic phase, and patients must have realistic expectations about outcome.

• #1 Peyronie’s Disease Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/peyronies-disease-guideline

  The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD). […] The systematic review revealed insufficient publications to address PD diagnosis from an evidence basis. With regard to treatment, a total of 281 articles met the inclusion criteria; the Panel judged that these were a sufficient evidence base from which to construct the majority of the treatment portion of the algorithm. […] The Panel fully recognizes that PD can have a profound negative impact on men’s QoL. Many men with PD experience emotional distress, depressive symptoms, and relationship difficulties. […] The panel stresses the importance of assessing for distress in the PD patient before treatment begins and during treatment course.

• #2 Peyronie Disease: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/456574-overview

  The rate of PD is reported to be 0.39-3%. However, that is probably an underestimation because of the embarrassment most men feel about having this condition. Underreporting may also result from men whose symptoms are mild or nondebilitating not seeking medical attention. Although this condition usually affects men aged 40-70 years, several authors have reported cases in younger individuals. […] Schwarzer et al found a prevalence of 3.2% for the new appearance of a palpable plaque, in a large population-based self-report survey sent to 8000 men and answered by 4432 (55.4%). The prevalence by age was 1.5% for men aged 30-39 years, 3% for men aged 40-49 years, 3% for men aged 50-59 years, 4% for men aged 60-69 years, and 6.5% for men aged 70 or older. Associated with the plaque, 84% reported penile angulation; 47% reported painful erections; 32% noted the triad of plaque, angulation, and pain; and 41% also reported ED. […] Mulhall et al found the prevalence of PD to be 8.9% in 534 men who were screened for prostate cancer in the United States. These investigators also found that a significant proportion of men with PD also had hypertension and diabetes.

• #2 Peyronie Disease | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/111973

  The reported prevalence of Peyronie disease ranges from 0.3% to 20.3%. There is considerable variability by country, cohort, age, and ethnicity of patients included in the studies. Some of the variability stems from studies using different diagnostic criteria or data collection methods, such as inconsistent patient or physician reporting strategies. […] For example, Lindsay and associates reported a 0.39% prevalence rate when studying a group in the United States. In contrast, Schwarzer et al reported a 3.2% prevalence after mailing a standardized questionnaire to 8000 men in France. A much larger three-phase study investigated the prevalence of Peyronie disease in 11420 males in the United States and reported rates of up to 13%. […] White men have the highest reported incidence, but this may merely reflect the increased difficulty in obtaining information from other groups. Men aged 50 to 59 are most commonly affected by Peyronie disease, with an average age of 55 at the time of presentation. However, Peyronie disease can still be present at any age in adulthood, with some reports in teenagers.

• #2 SciELO Brazil – Sonographic patterns of Peyronie’s disease in patients with absence of palpable plaques Sonographic patterns of Peyronie’s disease in patients with absence of palpable plaques

  https://www.scielo.br/j/ibju/a/zRtXw9X3LJsNpsZymDV58Qg/

  Peyronie’s Disease (PD) is defined as an acquired fibrosis within the tunica albuginea, usually causing deformity, pain and erectile dysfunction (ED). The prevalence of PD in the general male population ranges between 3 and 9%. […] Non-palpable ISP of the penis showed by ultrasound (US) study are likely present in a significant number of patients affected by ED and penile pain without deformity or curvature. […] This study shows that non-palpable ISP of the penis identified by US are likely present in a significant number of patients who experience ED, pain or length loss of the penis without evidence of penile deformity or curvature.

• #2 Peyronie’s disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyronie%27s_disease

  It is estimated to affect 120% of men. The condition becomes more common with age. The median age at onset of disease is 55-60 years although many cases have been recorded in adolescence and early 20’s. […] The overall prevalence of PD is about 120% in men. Rates range from 3.2 percent in a community-based survey of 4432 men (mean age of sample 57.4) to 16 percent among 488 men undergoing evaluation for erectile dysfunction (mean age 52.8). The prevalence of PD among the 4432 men in the community based study who responded by self report positively for palpable plaque, newly occurring angulation or curvature and painful erection was 1.5 percent between the ages of 30 and 39, 3 percent between 40 and 49, 3 percent between 50 and 59, 4 percent between 60 and 69, and 6.5 percent over 70. […] In 534 men undergoing routine prostate screening for cancer detection (without a specific urologic complaint), the prevalence of PD was 8.9 percent. In this study, the mean age of those with PD was 68.2 years compared with 61.8 years of those without PD.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Peyronies-Disease.aspx

  The prevalence of Peyronies disease in general population can be quite variable between studies. Generally accepted range in the literature is from 0.39% (population of Rochester, Minnesota) to 3.2% (Cologne, France). One large survey on 11,420 individuals from the US estimated its prevalence from 0.5 to 13.1%, explaining the variability with the differences in diagnostic criteria. […] The disease epidemiology has also been researched in different sub-populations. In a cohort of men that underwent screening for prostate cancer, Peyronies disease prevalence was 8.9%. Significantly higher prevalence of 15.9% is seen in men after radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, in men evaluated for erectile dysfunction, Peyronies disease was found in 7.9% of affected individuals. Diabetes has also been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of this condition.

• #2 Peyronie’s Disease Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/peyronies-disease-guideline

  Epidemiology. Findings regarding prevalence rates depend on the methodology employed, the sample under study, how PD is defined, and how men are queried with ranges from 0.5% to 20.3% within specific populations. Using a population-based methodology in a U.S. sample aged 18 years and older, Dibenedetti (2011) reported a prevalence rate of 0.5% for men who had been formally diagnosed with PD, a rate of 0.8% for men who had been diagnosed or treated for PD, and a rate of 13.1% for men who had been diagnosed or treated or had any symptom of PD. Schwarzer (2001) conducted a community-based study among men in Cologne, Germany and reported a prevalence rate of 3.2% in men aged 31-78 years. Another population-based study in Italian men reported a prevalence rate of 7.1% among men aged 50-69 years. Among men older than age 40 years screened for prostate cancer in the U.S., a prevalence of 8.9% was reported. Men older than 50 years screened for prostate cancer in Southern Brazil had a prevalence rate of 3.7%. Rates may be higher among men who present with comorbidities. El-Sakka (2006) reported a prevalence rate of 7.9% among men who presented with ED. Arafa (2007) reported a rate of 20.3% among men who were diabetic with ED. Together, this group of studies suggests that prevalence rates historically have been under-estimated. The higher rates detected in more recent studies suggest a greater awareness of the disease and its symptoms.

• #2 Peyronie’s disease: is it genetic or not? – Gabrielsen – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/32263/html

  Peyronies disease (PD) is a devastating disease that affects up to 13% of adult men. […] Over the past 40 years, studies have linked human leukocyte antigen (HLA) group antigens, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, karyotypic abnormalities, and gene expression changes to PD, yet none have definitively identified the underlying etiology. […] The distribution of PD among different ethnicities is one of the factors suggesting an underlying genetic basis for the disease. PD is more likely to occur in Caucasian men than in other ethnicities. […] Other fibroproliferative diseases, especially Dupuytrens disease (DD) are higher in men with PD than the general population. […] Many men with PD can recall a traumatic event that preceded the onset of penile pain and subsequent fibrosis and curvature.

• #2 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240200

  Peyronies disease is an acquired condition that causes penile deformities due to the fibrosis of the penile tunica albuginea, resulting in erectile pain, difficulty in vaginal intromission, and other symptoms. The disease is characterized by an initial acute active inflammatory phase, followed by a chronic stable fibrotic phase, and is mainly observed in men aged 50 to 60 years.

• #2 EAU Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health – Uroweb

  https://uroweb.org/guidelines/sexual-and-reproductive-health/chapter/penile-curvature

  Congenital penile curvature (CPC) is a rare condition, with a reported incidence of 1%, although some studies have reported higher prevalence rates of 4-10%, in the absence of hypospadias. […] Epidemiological data on PD are limited. Prevalence rates of 0.4-20.3% have been reported, with a higher prevalence in patients with ED and diabetes. A recent survey has indicated that the prevalence of definitive and probable cases of PD in the USA is 0.7% and 11%, respectively, suggesting that PD is an under-diagnosed condition. […] Peyronies disease often occurs in older men with a typical age of onset of 50-60 years. However, PD also occurs in younger men (40 years), with a reported prevalence of 1.5-16.9%.

• #2 Peyronie’s Disease | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/male-infertility-and-sexual-medicine/conditions-we-treat/peyronies-disease

  Originally, the incidence of Peyronie’s disease was estimated to be approximately 1-3%. More recent research suggests that the incidence is far higher, at approximately 8.9%. This same research estimates that roughly one third of patients do not even know they have this condition. […] Peyronie’s disease appears to be more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly northern European Caucasians; it is uncommon in African-American men and rare in Asian men. […] Risks of Peyronie’s Disease include advanced age, diabetes and erectile dysfunction. It is also believed that there is an association between Peyronie’s disease and Dupuytren’s disease (aka Dupuytren’s contracture). […] As many as 16% of men undergoing surgery for prostate cancer may develop Peyronie’s disease within 3 years of having surgery.

• #2 Molecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors Related to the Pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10133

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by the formation of fibrous lesions or plaques in the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. The prevalence of PD has been reported to range from 0.6% to 20%, with wide variations among regions and ethnic groups although it is particularly low in Asians. […] Epidemiological studies have indicated various risk factors possibly associated with its development, such as smoking, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and older age. […] A large-scale survey of more than 8000 PD patients conducted in Sweden showed that they had increased risk of self-harm, as well as anxiety and depression. […] The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding regarding the involvement of risk factors in the molecular mechanisms associated with PD pathogenesis, as well as to provide insight into disease prevention and novel therapeutic interventions.

• #2 A review of the epidemiology and treatment of Peyronie’s disease | RRU

  https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-of-the-epidemiology-and-treatment-of-peyronie39s-disease-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU

  Peyronies disease (PD) has significant effect on patients and their partners. We provide a current review of the epidemiology as well as the nonsurgical and surgical treatment of PD. […] PD is common and likely underreported. The availability of new and highly effective treatment options will catalyze patient awareness and subsequently the prevalence of disease. […] Contemporary scientific literature suggests markedly variable rates of PD based on country of origin. The prevalence of PD is reported to be between 0.4% and 3.2% of men in the United States. […] Most likely, these rates are underestimates due to patients failure to seek evaluation and treatment due to embarrassment from their condition. […] Multiple studies have evaluated risk factors associated with PD, such as age, diabetes, smoking, Caucasian descent, and genetic predisposition.

• #2 A review of the epidemiology and treatment of Peyronie’s disease | RRU

  https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-of-the-epidemiology-and-treatment-of-peyronie39s-disease-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRU

  Increasing age and trauma have been shown to be risk factors for PD in multiple studies. […] There is also evidence of a genetic predisposition leading to the formation of Peyronies plaque as up to 20% of patients with PD have Dupuytrens contracture of the tendons in their hand and up to 9% of men with PD will have a family member with Dupuytrens contraction. […] The quality of life of the patients and partners is significantly impacted as men with PD are at increased risk of depression, lowered self-esteem, and relationship difficulties, in addition to body image issues and pain. […] PD is common and likely underreported. The disease causes significant physical and psychological distress for patients. There are a wide variety of treatment options that have been used in the past. Recently, there are highly effective nonsurgical treatment options, which will likely increase patient and provider awareness as well as prevalence of the disease.

• #2 Peyronie’s Disease: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/peyronies-disease-causes-4688579

  Peyronie’s disease is thought to occur in between 0.5% and 20% of men, depending on the population. It can happen in men of any age, but it is more common in older men. […] Numerous risk factors have been connected with Peyronie’s, but the research is limited. The condition may be more common in individuals suffering from one or more of the following health problems: Diabetes, High blood pressure, High cholesterol. […] People with diabetes-associated ED are four to five times more likely to have Peyronie’s compared to the general population. […] High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes are all associated with both cardiovascular health and Peyronie’s disease. […] At least one research study has demonstrated that clogged or damaged blood flow in the penis is the primary cause of erectile dysfunction in men with Peyronie’s.

• #2 Peyronie’s disease – Watch out for the bend

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/peyronies-disease

  Peyronies disease is a relatively common condition in urological practice, but is still poorly identified and understood in the wider medical community and by most of the public. […] Up to 9% of men will have evidence of Peyronies disease if asked and examined, although the number of men presenting with symptoms of Peyronies disease are far fewer. […] The peak incidence of Peyronies disease is around 5560 years of age, and penile curvature is the most common presentation, followed by feeling a nodule in the penis. […] Peyronies disease has a significant association with obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking and pelvic surgery. […] It has been noted to affect 16% of patients after radical prostatectomy. […] The increasing incidence of erectile dysfunction with age probably relates to the increasing prevalence of Peyronies disease with age, as the loss of stiffness or axial rigidity of the penis causes minor flexion injury during normal sexual activity.

• #2 Peyronie disease | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/peyronie-disease-1?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252F%2540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.ico&lang=us

  Symptomatic Peyronie disease incidence has been estimated at ~1% of erectile dysfunction cases, but the incidence has been rising due to increasing use of pharmacologic treatment for erectile dysfunction. Its age of onset is around 50-60 years of age. Some reports suggest prevalence in the general adult population at around 3 and 9% (although uncertain if this includes asymptomatic cases). […] Peyronie disease is associated with fibromatoses including plantar fibromatosis and Dupuytren contractures.

• #2 Peyronie Disease | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/111973

  Accurately determining the prevalence of Peyronie disease is challenging due to the embarrassment many patients feel about the condition. The actual prevalence is, therefore, most likely much greater than reported and has been estimated to be as high as 18%. Given the wide variation of reported prevalence rates, the best overall estimate of Peyronie disease is about 9% to 10% of adult males.

• #2 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240200

  Peyronies disease is characterized by the development of fibrosis or nodule/plaque within the penile tunica albuginea, hindering penile tunica albuginea expansion during erection and resulting in a distinctive penile curvature. […] The reported prevalence rates vary, with some estimates reaching 20%, and they seem to be increasing. […] The prevalence of Peyronies disease has been estimated in the range of 0.4% to 20.3%, depending on the study method, target population, and diagnostic definition. […] Although prevalence studies have not yet been reported in Korea, the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service has reported 3031 outpatient visits and 223 surgeries related to the disease in 2022. […] Recent estimates tend to be higher than older estimates, which likely reflects the previous underreporting of the disease and a recent increase in disease awareness.

• #2 Peyronie’s Disease – Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad, M.D., F.A.C.S

  https://www.hsadeghi.com/peyronies-disease/

  An important note concerns the controversies surrounding the natural history of PD. A review of 63 patients with PD by Kadioglu et al. in 2002 revealed that, with a six-month follow-up, only two patients reported spontaneous resolution, whereas 67% had stable disease and 30% had worsening of their condition. Another study by Gelbard et al. reported that in a group of 97 men with PD, 47% reported stable disease, 40% worsened and only 13% improved.

• #2 Peyronie’s disease: Review of the pathology and current events in treatment

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2524-177X2019000400208

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) mainly affects men aged between 40 and 70 years, mostly of Caucasian origin, with a prevalence of 0.4-9%, and an incidence of 0.39-3%. The risk factor that is majorly associated with PD is trauma. Other associated factors to a lesser extent are peripheral vascular disease, smoking, alcoholism, and some invasive urological procedures (transurethral resection of the prostate and cystoscopy). Other studies comment on an inverse relationship, with high LDL levels and abdominal circumference, treatment with thiazides and Dupuytren’s disease. […] A thorough enquiry and physical examination should be performed for a basic evaluation, with an artificially induced erection to measure and document the degree of curvature, as well as document the fibrous plaque by ultrasound scan, if such procedure is available. Patient information should also be collected about the onset of the disease and duration, a history of trauma to the genitals and perineum, the development of penile deformity, curvature, penis shrinkage, erectile dysfunction, and subjective evaluation of the erectile and sexual function.

• #2 Peyronie’s Disease Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/peyronies-disease-guideline

  The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD). […] The systematic review revealed insufficient publications to address PD diagnosis from an evidence basis. With regard to treatment, a total of 281 articles met the inclusion criteria; the Panel judged that these were a sufficient evidence base from which to construct the majority of the treatment portion of the algorithm. […] The Panel fully recognizes that PD can have a profound negative impact on men’s QoL. Many men with PD experience emotional distress, depressive symptoms, and relationship difficulties. […] The panel stresses the importance of assessing for distress in the PD patient before treatment begins and during treatment course.

• #3 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.240200

  Peyronies disease is characterized by the development of fibrosis or nodule/plaque within the penile tunica albuginea, hindering penile tunica albuginea expansion during erection and resulting in a distinctive penile curvature. […] The reported prevalence rates vary, with some estimates reaching 20%, and they seem to be increasing. […] The prevalence of Peyronies disease has been estimated in the range of 0.4% to 20.3%, depending on the study method, target population, and diagnostic definition. […] Although prevalence studies have not yet been reported in Korea, the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service has reported 3031 outpatient visits and 223 surgeries related to the disease in 2022. […] Recent estimates tend to be higher than older estimates, which likely reflects the previous underreporting of the disease and a recent increase in disease awareness.

• #3 Peyronie’s disease – Watch out for the bend

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/september/peyronies-disease

  Peyronies disease is a relatively common condition in urological practice, but is still poorly identified and understood in the wider medical community and by most of the public. […] Up to 9% of men will have evidence of Peyronies disease if asked and examined, although the number of men presenting with symptoms of Peyronies disease are far fewer. […] The peak incidence of Peyronies disease is around 5560 years of age, and penile curvature is the most common presentation, followed by feeling a nodule in the penis. […] Peyronies disease has a significant association with obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking and pelvic surgery. […] It has been noted to affect 16% of patients after radical prostatectomy. […] The increasing incidence of erectile dysfunction with age probably relates to the increasing prevalence of Peyronies disease with age, as the loss of stiffness or axial rigidity of the penis causes minor flexion injury during normal sexual activity.

• #3 Peyronie disease: Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.urology-textbook.com/peyronies-disease.html

  An increasing prevalence rate with age is reported: 3039 years (1.5%), 4059 years (3%), 6069 years (4%) and over 70 years (6.5%). The symptomatic prevalence is approximately 1% for all age groups. The prevalence of Peyronie disease at autopsy is much higher, with up to 20% penile indurations. […] The following diseases or conditions are associated with Peyronie disease: Dupuytren disease (3040%), Ledderhose disease (plantar form of Dupuytren disease), liver cirrhosis, rheumatic diseases, tympanosclerosis, penile or urethral trauma, urethral instrumentation, urethritis, diabetes mellitus, Paget disease, treatment with -blocker (weak evidence).

• #3 Molecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors Related to the Pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/12/10133

  Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by the formation of fibrous lesions or plaques in the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. The prevalence of PD has been reported to range from 0.6% to 20%, with wide variations among regions and ethnic groups although it is particularly low in Asians. […] Epidemiological studies have indicated various risk factors possibly associated with its development, such as smoking, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and older age. […] A large-scale survey of more than 8000 PD patients conducted in Sweden showed that they had increased risk of self-harm, as well as anxiety and depression. […] The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding regarding the involvement of risk factors in the molecular mechanisms associated with PD pathogenesis, as well as to provide insight into disease prevention and novel therapeutic interventions.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014485204205

  Objective: To investigate epidemiological and clinical features of Peyronie’s disease in an unselected group of patients not seen by a urologist before. […] The disease mainly affected middle-aged men. […] In 21.6% of the patients, the lesion occurred after a traumatic activity. […] No specific relation with diabetes mellitus and Duputren’s contracture was identified.

• #3 Summary of „Peyronie’s Disease is Common in Poorly Controlled Diabetics but is not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome” – Male Fertility and Peyronie’s Clinic

  https://malefertilityandpeyroniesclinic.com/2019/09/peyronies-disease-is-common-in-poorly-controlled-diabetics-but-is-not-associated-with-the-metabolic-syndrome/

  The current study provides some additional valuable information on conditions associated with Peyronies Disease. Specifically, the authors found that diabetes is clearly correlated with the condition, but other diagnoses, including hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, smoking, or metabolic syndrome are not clearly associated. […] One novel, interesting finding from the study was that the rate of developing Peyronies was approximately 1% (0.5-3%) per year. […] The risk of developing Peyronies Disease is approximately 0.5 to 3% per year, meaning that men who have had diabetes for a longer period of time were more likely to develop PD compared to those who had it for shorter periods of time. […] The rate of Peyronies was 7% higher among men with diabetes compared to those who did not have diabetes. […] Despite the link with diabetes, the current study did not find an association with metabolic syndrome (MS).

• #3 Peyronie’s Disease Treatment in Kansas City | Kansas City Urology Care

  https://www.kcuc.com/conditions/peyronies-disease/

  Estimates of the prevalence of Peyronies disease range from less than 1 percent to 23 percent. A recent study in Germany found Peyronies disease in 3.2 percent of men between 30 and 80 years of age. […] About 30 percent of men with Peyronies disease develop plaques of scar tissue in other parts of the body, such as the hand or foot. […] In some cases, Peyronies disease runs in families, which suggests that genetic factors might make a man vulnerable to the disease.

• #3 Epidemiology of Peyronie’s disease | International Journal of Impotence Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/3900863

  Francois Gigot de la Peyronie, surgeon to Louis XV of France, has become synonymous with the rather enigmatic though not uncommon condition of Peyronie’s disease (PD), a localized connective tissue disorder of the penile tunica albuginea. The true prevalence of Peyronie’s disease is unknown. Therefore, we decided to perform an evaluation of existing epidemiological data. A prevalence rate of 3.2% was determined in male inhabitants of the greater Cologne area. This is much higher than revealed by the data reported up to now, thus rendering the accepted prevalence rates of 0.3% to 1% untenable. The actual prevalence of Peyronie’s disease may be even higher, considering many patients’ reluctance to report this embarrassing condition to their physicians. Along these lines, most clinicians note that the number of Peyronie’s patients has increased since the advent of oral sildenafil. Comparably high prevalences are known for diabetes and urolithiasis, suggesting a greater frequency of this rare disease than formerly believed.

• #3 Peyronie’s Disease Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/peyronies-disease-guideline

  The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD). […] The systematic review revealed insufficient publications to address PD diagnosis from an evidence basis. With regard to treatment, a total of 281 articles met the inclusion criteria; the Panel judged that these were a sufficient evidence base from which to construct the majority of the treatment portion of the algorithm. […] The Panel fully recognizes that PD can have a profound negative impact on men’s QoL. Many men with PD experience emotional distress, depressive symptoms, and relationship difficulties. […] The panel stresses the importance of assessing for distress in the PD patient before treatment begins and during treatment course.

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