Bruksizm
Etiologia i przyczyny

Bruksizm to złożone zaburzenie charakteryzujące się nawykowym zgrzytaniem lub zaciskaniem zębów, o etiologii wieloczynnikowej, obejmującej czynniki psychospołeczne (stres, lęk), genetyczne, neurologiczne oraz zaburzenia snu, zwłaszcza obturacyjny bezdech senny. Bruksizm dzienny i nocny różnią się patomechanizmem, przy czym nocny bruksizm jest klasyfikowany jako zaburzenie ruchowe związane ze snem, z towarzyszącym wzrostem aktywności mózgu, przyspieszeniem akcji serca i napięciem mięśniowym. Czynniki farmakologiczne, takie jak SSRI (fluoksetyna, sertralina, paroksetyna), stymulanty, leki przeciwdrgawkowe i przeciwpsychotyczne, oraz używki (alkohol, kofeina powyżej 6 filiżanek dziennie, tytoń) zwiększają ryzyko wystąpienia bruksizmu. Występuje także silny związek z zaburzeniami neurologicznymi (np. choroba Parkinsona, ADHD) i psychiatrycznymi (depresja, GAD), a także z refluksem żołądkowo-przełykowym i infekcjami pasożytniczymi. Warto podkreślić, że czynniki okluzyjne mają ograniczone znaczenie u dorosłych, choć mogą odgrywać rolę u dzieci, u których bruksizm występuje u 15-30% populacji i często ustępuje z wiekiem.

Etiologia bruksizmu

Bruksizm, definiowany jako nawykowe zgrzytanie lub zaciskanie zębów, jest złożonym zaburzeniem, którego dokładna etiologia nie została w pełni wyjaśniona. Obecne badania wskazują, że jest to stan wieloczynnikowy, wynikający z kombinacji czynników fizycznych, psychologicznych i genetycznych12. Należy wyróżnić dwa główne typy bruksizmu: bruksizm dzienny (w stanie czuwania) oraz bruksizm nocny (podczas snu), które mogą mieć odmienne przyczyny3.

Czynniki psychospołeczne

Stres i zaburzenia lękowe są jednymi z najczęściej wymienianych przyczyn bruksizmu, szczególnie w przypadku bruksizmu dziennego14. Badania wykazały, że około 70% przypadków zgrzytania zębami podczas snu jest wywoływanych przez podświadome zmartwienia, które tworzą napięcie w mięśniach szczęki i twarzy56. Emocje takie jak gniew, frustracja i napięcie mogą powodować zwiększone ryzyko bruksizmu7.

Niektóre badania sugerują związek między bruksizmem a środowiskiem pracy, szczególnie ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresującymi wymaganiami związanymi z pracą6. Osoby z depresją lub zaburzeniami lękowymi, takimi jak zaburzenie lękowe uogólnione (GAD) czy duże zaburzenie depresyjne (MDD), są bardziej narażone na bruksizm28.

Czynniki patofizjologiczne

Coraz więcej badań sugeruje, że zaburzenia w centralnym układzie neuroprzekaźników mogą odgrywać istotną rolę w etiologii bruksizmu9. W przypadku bruksizmu podczas snu, zaburzenie to jest uważane za „zaburzenie ruchu związane ze snem”, które ma swój początek w ośrodkowym układzie nerwowym10.

Przed epizodem zgrzytania zębami podczas snu obserwuje się wzrost aktywności mózgu, przyspieszenie akcji serca, zwiększone napięcie mięśniowe w szczęce i przyspieszony oddech11. Badania wskazują, że bruksizm nocny może być wtórny do wybudzeń związanych ze snem (definiowanych jako wzrost autonomicznej aktywności sercowej i oddechowej, który ma tendencję do powtarzania się 8-14 razy na godzinę snu)6.

Zaburzenia układu dopaminergicznego w centralnym układzie nerwowym również zostały powiązane z etiologią bruksizmu3. W niektórych przypadkach bruksizm może być spowodowany nierównowagą neuroprzekaźników w mózgu12.

Zaburzenia snu

Znaczący związek istnieje między bruksizmem a zaburzeniami snu, szczególnie obturacyjnym bezdechem sennym1013. Badacze odkryli, że wiele osób z nocnym bruksizmem cierpi również na obturacyjny bezdech senny10. Podczas epizodu bezdechu sennego, drogi oddechowe zostają zamknięte, a ciśnienie w drogach oddechowych spada do zera14.

Bezdech senny może zmniejszać jakość snu i powodować częste wybudzenia, co może być przyczyną ryzyka bruksizmu8. Zakłócając sen, bezdech senny może sprzyjać zgrzytaniu lub zaciskaniu zębów8. Istnieją różne teorie na temat tego związku – niektóre badania sugerują, że bruksizm jest wynikiem złej jakości snu przy bezdechu sennym, podczas gdy inne wskazują, że jest to bezpośrednia odpowiedź na epizody bezdechu14.

Mózg może sygnalizować zgrzytanie zębami, aby wznowić oddychanie w odpowiedzi na epizod bezdechu, gdy przestajesz oddychać, ponieważ drogi oddechowe są zablokowane15.

Leki i substancje

Bruksizm może być efektem ubocznym niektórych leków, w szczególności selektywnych inhibitorów wychwytu zwrotnego serotoniny (SSRI) stosowanych w leczeniu depresji48. Badanie z 2018 roku wykazało związek między SSRI a bruksizmem, przy czym fluoksetyna (Prozac) i sertralina (Zoloft) były najczęstszymi winowajcami wśród badanych leków8. Inne leki przeciwdepresyjne, takie jak paroksetyna, również mogą powodować bruksizm12.

Dodatkowo, stymulanty stosowane w leczeniu ADHD, leki przeciwdrgawkowe oraz niektóre leki przeciwpsychotyczne mogą zwiększać prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia bruksizmu1610.

Spożywanie alkoholu, kofeiny i tytoniu również jest związane z większym ryzykiem bruksizmu17. Badania wykazały, że nadmierne spożycie alkoholu podwaja szansę rozwoju bruksizmu podczas snu18. Bruksizm u osób używających tytoniu występuje dwa razy częściej niż u osób niepalących, a epizody bruksizmu podczas snu są pięć razy częstsze w ciągu nocy18.

Również używanie narkotyków rekreacyjnych, takich jak ekstazy, kokaina i amfetamina, może prowadzić do ciężkiego bruksizmu zarówno podczas snu, jak i na jawie19. Picie napojów zawierających kofeinę, takich jak napoje gazowane, napoje energetyczne, herbata i kawa (sześć lub więcej filiżanek dziennie) zwiększa ryzyko bruksizmu18.

Czynniki genetyczne

Istnieją dowody na to, że bruksizm może mieć komponent genetyczny i rodzinny3. Jeśli ktoś z twojej rodziny ma bruksizm, istnieje większe prawdopodobieństwo, że ty również będziesz zgrzytać zębami10. Ryzyko bruksizmu jest znacznie wyższe, jeśli w rodzinie występuje historia tej dolegliwości7.

Bruksizm w czasie snu może być szczególnie podatny na czynniki dziedziczne14. Niektóre badania sugerują, że może istnieć pewien stopień dziedzicznej podatności na rozwój bruksizmu podczas snu3.

Schorzenia medyczne

Bruksizm może być związany z różnymi schorzeniami neurologicznymi i psychiatrycznymi10. Choroby takie jak choroba Parkinsona, demencja, padaczka, zespół Downa i ADHD zostały powiązane z bruksizmem1011.

Osoby cierpiące na refluks żołądkowo-przełykowy (GERD) również mogą doświadczać bruksizmu jako objawu wtórnego10. Badania wykazały silny związek między GERD a bruksizmem20.

Infekcje pasożytnicze również mogą prowadzić do zgrzytania zębami21. W rzadkich przypadkach bruksizm może być wynikiem niedoboru odżywczego lub witaminowego, takiego jak niedobór witaminy B5, magnezu lub wapnia21.

Czynniki obwodowe

Historycznie uważano, że problemy ze zgryzieniem lub wadliwe ustawienie zębów są jedyną przyczyną bruksizmu3. Obecnie istnieją sprzeczne dowody dotyczące roli czynników okluzyjnych (związanych ze zgryzieniem) w etiologii bruksizmu u dorosłych9.

Niektóre badania sugerują, że kilka czynników okluzyjnych może być związanych z bruksizmem u dzieci9. Jednak większość badań opublikowanych w literaturze na ten temat zgadza się, że nie ma lub jest bardzo słaby związek między klinicznie stwierdzonym bruksizmem a czynnikami okluzyjnymi u dorosłych9.

Niemniej jednak, nieprawidłowo ustawione zęby, zęby o różnych rozmiarach lub nieprawidłowo dopasowany zgryz w wyniku naturalnego rozwoju lub urazu mogą prowadzić do mimowolnego zgrzytania22. Wady zgryzu i związane z nimi problemy mogą powodować, że mięśnie szczęki muszą pracować ciężej, co może prowadzić do bruksizmu23.

Typy osobowości

Cechy osobowości mogą mieć wpływ na ryzyko rozwoju bruksizmu24. Osoby o osobowości typu A, które często są bardziej napięte i pod presją, mogą być bardziej narażone na bruksizm17. Osoby z agresywną, wysoce konkurencyjną lub nadpobudliwą osobowością również mogą mieć zwiększone ryzyko bruksizmu22.

Badania powiązały bruksizm z pewnymi cechami osobowości, takimi jak neurotyczność24. Osoby o bardziej lękliwym i wrażliwym usposobieniu mogą być bardziej podatne na zgrzytanie zębami w odpowiedzi na stres i niepokój24.

Bruksizm u dzieci

Bruksizm jest częstym problemem u młodych dzieci, gdzie około 15-30% zgrzyta zębami, ale ten problem zazwyczaj zanika w okresie dojrzewania i dorosłości7. Zgrzytanie zębami występuje u około 20% dzieci przed ukończeniem 11 roku życia25.

Przyczyny bruksizmu u dzieci mogą różnić się od tych u dorosłych. Wśród bardzo małych dzieci może to być odpowiedź na ból związany z wyrzynaniem się zębów mlecznych25. U starszych dzieci przyczyna może obejmować stres, zaburzenia stawu skroniowo-żuchwowego (TMJ) i inne schorzenia zdrowotne25.

Główne czynniki ryzyka bruksizmu u dzieci obejmują26:

  • Ból podczas wyrzynania się zębów
  • Stres emocjonalny i lęk
  • Leki takie jak leki przeciwdepresyjne, przeciwpsychotyczne
  • Schorzenia medyczne takie jak porażenie mózgowe
  • Zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi (ADHD)

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Problemy stomatologiczne, takie jak nieprawidłowo ustawione zęby, mogą również powodować zgrzytanie zębami u dzieci27. W przypadku dzieci z nieprawidłowym zgryzieniem aparaty ortodontyczne mogą pomóc przesunąć zęby w prawidłowe pozycje i zatrzymać zgrzytanie25.

Konsekwencje nieleczonego bruksizmu

Chroniczne zgrzytanie zębami może prowadzić do poważnych problemów zdrowotnych10. Nieleczony bruksizm może spowodować28:

  • Uszkodzenie zębów – ścieranie się, pękanie i nawet utrata zębów
  • Ból szczęki i czułość
  • Bóle głowy
  • Zaburzenia stawu skroniowo-żuchwowego (TMJ)

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Bruksizm może również prowadzić do utraty szkliwa zębów, odsłaniając warstwę zębiny pod spodem12. Nadmierna siła wywierana na staw skroniowo-żuchwowy (TMJ) z czasem może powodować problemy z bólem, sztywnością, a nawet blokadą stawu28.

W ciężkich przypadkach zgrzytanie może uszkodzić zęby i prowadzić do utraty zębów, może również wpływać na szczęki, powodować lub zaostrzać TMD/TMJ i nawet zmieniać wygląd twarzy10.

Podsumowanie przyczyn bruksizmu

Bruksizm to złożony stan, który nie ma jednej określonej przyczyny2. Jest on najczęściej wynikiem kombinacji następujących czynników:

  • Czynniki psychospołeczne – stres, niepokój, frustracja i napięcie są głównymi czynnikami ryzyka bruksizmu14
  • Zaburzenia snu – szczególnie obturacyjny bezdech senny, który może prowadzić do bruksizmu nocnego10
  • Leki i substancje – niektóre leki przeciwdepresyjne, przeciwpadaczkowe, stymulatory oraz alkohol, tytoń i kofeina417
  • Czynniki genetyczne – bruksizm może być dziedziczny i występować rodzinnie19
  • Schorzenia medyczne – takie jak choroba Parkinsona, ADHD, padaczka, demencja i refluks żołądkowo-przełykowy13
  • Czynniki ośrodkowego układu nerwowego – zaburzenia w układzie neuroprzekaźników mózgu9
  • Czynniki obwodowe – różne czynniki okluzyjne mogą mieć pewien wpływ, szczególnie u dzieci9

Identyfikacja i zrozumienie podstawowych przyczyn bruksizmu jest pierwszym krokiem w kierunku skutecznego leczenia tej dolegliwości10. Ze względu na wieloczynnikowy charakter bruksizmu, leczenie często wymaga wielokierunkowego podejścia, obejmującego techniki relaksacyjne, szyny zgryzowe, a w niektórych przypadkach leczenie współistniejących zaburzeń, takich jak bezdech senny2929.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Teeth grinding (bruxism) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356095
    Exactly what causes bruxism isn’t completely understood. It may be due to a mix of physical, mental health and genetic factors. […] Awake bruxism may be due to emotions such as anxiety, stress, anger, frustration or tension. Bruxism also may be a coping strategy or a habit when you’re thinking deeply or concentrating. […] Sleep bruxism may be a sleep-related chewing activity linked with brief disturbances during sleep.
  • #2 Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10955-teeth-grinding-bruxism
    Bruxism is when you clench, grind or gnash your teeth. Causes include stress, anxiety, sleep disorders and certain medications. […] Bruxism doesn’t have a single specific cause. Rather, there can be several contributing risk factors. […] Feeling overwhelmed and stressed can result in bruxism. If you have depression or anxiety disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) you’re more prone to bruxism. […] Research has confirmed a correlation between sleep apnea and teeth grinding, meaning that many people have both conditions. But it’s unclear whether sleep apnea causes bruxism or the other way around. Experts continue to study the relationship between teeth grinding and sleep disorders.
  • #3 Bruxism – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism
    Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. […] The causes of bruxism are not completely understood, but probably involve multiple factors. […] Awake bruxism is thought to have different causes from sleep bruxism. […] The cause of bruxism is largely unknown, but it is generally accepted to have multiple possible causes. […] Awake bruxism is thought to be usually semivoluntary, and often associated with stress caused by family responsibilities or work pressures. […] There is evidence that sleep bruxism is caused by mechanisms related to the central nervous system, involving sleep arousal and neurotransmitter abnormalities. […] Disturbance of the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system has also been suggested to be involved in the etiology of bruxism. […] Historically, many believed that problems with the bite were the sole cause for bruxism.
  • #3 Bruxism – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism
    Many studies have reported significant psychosocial risk factors for bruxism, particularly a stressful lifestyle, and this evidence is growing, but still not conclusive. […] Some research suggests that there may be a degree of inherited susceptibility to develop sleep bruxism. […] Certain stimulant drugs, including both prescribed and recreational drugs, are thought by some to cause the development of bruxism.
  • #4 Teeth grinding (bruxism)
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/teeth-grinding/
    Teeth grinding (also called bruxism) is often related to stress or anxiety. […] It’s not always clear what causes people to grind their teeth. […] It’s often linked to: stress and anxiety this is the most common cause of teeth grinding, sleep problems like snoring and sleep apnoea, taking certain medicines, including a type of antidepressant known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), smoking, drinking lots of alcohol and caffeine, and taking drugs like ecstasy and cocaine. […] Teeth grinding is common in children and teenagers, particularly during sleep.
  • #5 Tooth Grinding: Why It Happens, What It Hurts and How to Stop It – Anderson Dental
    https://andersondentalonline.com/tooth-grinding-hurts-stop/
    Sleep disorders are the leading cause of tooth grinding, and its no coincidence that the majority of grinding occurs at night. Of the many sleep disorders, Obstructive Sleep Apnea is the most severe and almost always results in bruxism events. […] Stressors such as anxiety, employment or financial concerns, illness, addictions and marital strife are widely associated with the inability to relax, whether by day or by night. Studies have shown that around 70 percent of asleep tooth grinding cases are triggered by a subconscious worry that creates tension in the jaw and facial muscles. Without a doubt, stress in its many forms and psychological components is a leading contributor to tooth grinding. […] Overall, healthcare professionals concur its usually a combination of these factors that lead to people grinding their teeth. While stress may be the biggest culprit, its well-known that stress is caused by many underlying issues.
  • #6 Causes Of Bruxism
    https://www.bruxism.org.uk/causes-of-bruxism.php
    Why bruxism occurs is not always clear. In the dental profession the belief that bruxism and dental occlusion are causally related has been widespread. However there is little evidence to support this belief. […] Recent research concluded that neither occlusal interference nor factors related to the oral facial skeleton have a role in the aetiology of bruxism. Recent studies suggest that sleep bruxism is secondary to sleep related arousals (defined by a rise in autonomic cardiac and respiratory activity that tends to be repeated 8-14 times per hour of sleep). […] Mental disorders, anxiety, stress and adverse psychosocial factors are significantly related to tooth grinding during sleep and it has been found that nearly 70% of bruxism occurs as a result of stress or anxiety. […] Some people are less resilient to stress and therefore suffer more from the physical and psychological consequences. Previous research findings point to the possibility of a link between bruxism and the work environment, especially the coping strategies for work related stressful demands.
  • #7 Bruxism – Teeth Grinding – Causes & Symptoms – Carson & Carson, DDS
    https://www.carsondds.com/dental-services/common-dental-problems/bruxism-teeth-grinding/
    Negative Emotions or Stress: Anxiety, frustration, and anger are emotions that increase the risk of bruxism. […] Drug Abuse Medications: Drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, ingesting caffeine, and some recreational drug use can be risk factors for both awake and sleep bruxism. […] Genetics: Bruxism is a hereditary condition that you are far more likely to experience if your family has a history of it. […] Mental Disorders Medical Conditions: Bruxism commonly co-occurs with many conditions and disorders including dementia, Parkinsons, ADHD, epilepsy, and gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). […] Dehydration: Not getting enough water may put you at risk for bruxism.
  • #7 Bruxism – Teeth Grinding – Causes & Symptoms – Carson & Carson, DDS
    https://www.carsondds.com/dental-services/common-dental-problems/bruxism-teeth-grinding/
    Bruxism, or Teeth Grinding, can destroy your teeth long before their time is due. […] Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a common dental problem which can do serious damage to your teeth when left untreated. […] The direct cause of bruxism is not completely clear, but there are a number of factors which put you at higher risk for grinding your teeth. […] Awake bruxism may be the result of anxiety, stress, or tension while sleep bruxism can be more hereditary or related to sleep disorders like sleep apnea. […] The major risk factors for bruxism include: Age: Bruxism is a common problem for young children where roughly 15-30% grind their teeth, but this issue tends to disappear as they age into the teen years and adulthood. […] Malocclusions: Alignment issues between the upper and lower jaw are common precursor conditions to bruxism.
  • #8 Bruxism (teeth grinding): Causes and management
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190180
    Anxiety and depression are associated with bruxism. This association may be due in part to stress, which can contribute to these conditions. […] Sleep apnea is a condition that causes breathing to stop temporarily during sleep. It can reduce sleep quality and cause frequent arousals, which may be why it is a risk factor for bruxism. By disturbing sleep, sleep apnea may promote teeth grinding or clenching.
  • #8 Bruxism (teeth grinding): Causes and management
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/190180
    Bruxism does not always have a single or identifiable cause, but a number of factors are associated with it. These factors vary depending on the type of bruxism. […] Some of the known factors that contribute to it include: […] One of the main causes of bruxism in adults, whether it occurs during sleep or when awake, is stress. A 2020 systematic review found that there was a significant association between stress and bruxism, but more research is necessary to understand the relationship. […] Bruxism can be a side effect of certain medications, including some antidepressants and antipsychotics. A 2018 study found a link between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and bruxism. Fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) were the most common culprits out of the studied drugs.
  • #9 Bruxism: A Literature Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3081266/
    Bruxism is a movement disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of teeth. […] Etiology of bruxism can be divided into three groups psychosocial factors, peripheral factors and pathophysiological factors. […] Bruxism is considered to have multifactorial etiology. SB and grinding have been associated with peripheral factors such as tooth interference in dental occlusion, psychosocial influences such as stress or anxiety and central or pathophysiological causes involving brain neurotransmitters or basal ganglia. […] More and more pathophysiological factors are suggested to be involved in the precipitation of bruxism. […] Recently it is derived that disturbances in central neurotransmitter system may be involved in the etiology of the bruxism. […] A multifactorial large scale population study to sleep bruxism revealed highly stressful life as a significant risk factor.
  • #9 Bruxism: A Literature Review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3081266/
    Several occlusal factors were suggested to be related to self reported bruxism in a study with children. […] But most of studies published in the literature on this subject now agrees that there is no or hardly any relationship between clinically established bruxism and occlusal factors in adults.
  • #10 Bruxism: Causes and Symptoms of Teeth Grinding and Jaw Clenching
    https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/teeth-grinding-bruxism
    Bruxism can lead to other health problems, too. […] Researchers think these two types may have separate causes. […] If you grind your teeth while you’re awake, it’s probably linked to stress or anxiety in your daily life. […] Grinding your teeth while asleep is considered a „sleep related movement disorder.” It starts as a problem in your central nervous system. […] Lifestyle and medical factors can play a role in bruxism. They include: High caffeine intake, the equivalent of more than six cups of coffee each day, alcohol use, smoking, using recreational drugs, taking certain prescription drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), family history of teeth grinding, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), epilepsy, night terrors, sleep-related disorders such as sleep apnea, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • #10 Bruxism: Causes and Symptoms of Teeth Grinding and Jaw Clenching
    https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/teeth-grinding-bruxism
    Researchers have found that many people with nocturnal bruxism also have obstructive sleep apnea. […] Not only can severe grinding damage teeth and result in tooth loss, but it can also affect your jaws, cause or worsen TMD/TMJ, and even change the appearance of your face. […] The first step to dealing with bruxism is identifying the cause. […] If stress is causing you to grind your teeth, ask your doctor or dentist about options to reduce your stress. […] Treatment for your sleep apnea may help your bruxism as well. […] Most commonly, children grind their teeth during sleep rather than during waking hours. […] Possible causes include improperly aligned teeth or irregular contact between upper and lower teeth, illnesses and other medical conditions (such as nutritional deficiencies, pinworm, allergies, endocrine disorders), and psychological factors including anxiety and stress. […] You’re at higher risk of bruxism if someone else in your family has it. […] One small study found that people with bruxism have lower levels of vitamin D and low amounts of calcium in their diets.
  • #11 What is bruxism and what caused it? – Westerville Dental Associates
    https://www.westervilledental.com/what-is-bruxism-and-causes/
    Bruxism is a problem in which you unconsciously and repeatedly grind your teeth or clench your jaw. […] Researchers are still working to discover the underlying cause of bruxism, but they believe a combination of physical, psychological, and genetic factors contribute to its development. […] The brain and nervous system play a role in bruxism. Just before teeth grinding begins, there is an uptick in brain activity, heart rate, increased muscle tone in the jaw, and breathing. […] Sleep bruxism may be the result of micro-arousals, which is when you wake up just a little bit or transition from sleep to wakefulness. […] Awake bruxism may develop as the result of emotions, such as stress, anxiety, tension, frustration, or anger that trigger the fight-or-flight response. […] Certain factors can increase the risk of teeth grinding. Bruxism risk factors include: Increased emotions especially anxiety, stress, anger or frustration.
  • #11 What is bruxism and what caused it? – Westerville Dental Associates
    https://www.westervilledental.com/what-is-bruxism-and-causes/
    Family history of bruxism having a family member with bruxism increases the likelihood that you will grind your teeth. […] Some mental health and medical disorders may increase the risk for bruxism; these disorders include: ADHD, Autism, Brain injury, Cerebral palsy, Depression, Down syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Parkinson’s disease, Sleep-related disorders, such as snoring or apnea.
  • #12 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P00873
    Bruxism is the clenching or grinding of teeth. […] Experts dont know what causes bruxism. Oral health specialists often point to too much stress and certain personality types as causes of bruxism. […] There is some proof that in some people, bruxism is caused by an imbalance in brain neurotransmitters. […] Some medicines, such as the antidepressants fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine, can cause bruxism. […] Bruxism may lead to cracks or fractures of the teeth. Tooth enamel may wear away. This exposes the dentin layer underneath. […] If bruxism goes untreated, it may lead to jaw muscle and joint problems. These are known as TMJ problems or TMD (temporomandibular disorder).
  • #13 What Causes Teeth Grinding?
    https://www.dentek.com/blog/201909/what-causes-teeth-grinding
    Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is when a person clenches their jaw and the upper and lower teeth scrape and grind against each other. […] There is no one known cause of bruxism, but doctors believe a combination of physical, psychological and genetic factors may be to blame. […] While teeth grinding during the day may be caused by emotions like anxiety or stress, teeth grinding at night may be caused by a number of different reasons: Sleep disorder, Sleep-related chewing motions in between dream states, An abnormal bite your upper and lower teeth may overlap or otherwise not align well, Certain jaw posture or positions, Changes due to dental work or injury, Psychological stress. […] It also can be helpful to know that certain factors make some people more prone to bruxism, such as: Age, Family, Personality type, Medications, nicotine, alcohol and caffeine, Other disorders.
  • #13 What Causes Teeth Grinding?
    https://www.dentek.com/blog/201909/what-causes-teeth-grinding
    Teeth grinding can also occur due to certain physical and mental health disorders and diseases, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, dementia, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), and sleep-related disorders such as sleep apnea and night terrors.
  • #14 Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Types, Causes, and Treatments – Austin Creek Dental
    https://austincreekdental.com/blog/bruxism-teeth-grinding-types-causes-and-treatments/
    Another central factor for teeth grinding is heritability. Teeth grinding (and the resulting pain) seems to run in families. […] As it turns out, your dentist might be the first person to warn you that you might have sleep apnea because s/he is the first to see the signs of bruxism. […] It’s not all that surprising that sleep apnea and bruxism are connected. During an apneic episode, the airway is closed and airway pressure drops to zero. […] I want to point out here that some of the evidence points to bruxism as a result of the poor sleep quality in sleep apnea, whereas other research suggests it’s a direct response to apneas.
  • #15 Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Symptoms, Causes, & Remedies | Rejuvenation Dentistry
    https://www.rejuv-health.com/sleep-apnea/bruxism-teeth-grinding/
    Millions of Americans suffer from bruxism. However, what many people dont realize is that teeth grinding isnt all about stress its frequently a symptom of a sleep disorder. […] Bruxism is a condition in which people grind, clench, or gnash their teeth. It is also known as teeth grinding, or simply grinding. Bruxism is a dental health epidemic, even if its not contagious. The 2 types of bruxism are: […] Awake bruxism is frequently stress-related. Jaw clenching is common in people who experience chronic stress and anxiety. […] Sleep bruxism is typically airway health-related. It is usually caused by sleep apnea or another type of disordered sleep breathing (like UARS). Your brain signals teeth grinding to restart breathing as a response to an apneic episode, when you stop breathing because your airway is obstructed.
  • #16 Bruxism | National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research
    https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/bruxism
    Bruxism is a condition where a person grinds, clenches, or gnashes his or her teeth; it can occur when awake or asleep. […] Several factors appear to have a role in the development of the condition. They include: Psychosocial factors: Stress, mood, distress, nervousness, and feeling blue. […] A persons genes. […] Consuming alcohol or caffeine. […] Smoking. […] Medications: Certain medicines used to treat depression, seizures, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase the chances of having bruxism.
  • #17 Teeth Grinding: Causes, Treatments and Consequences | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/teeth-grinding.html
    Also, tobacco, caffeine, alcohol, and illicit drugs can increase teeth-grinding risk. […] Bruxism can cause pain, tooth fracture, headache, and temporomandibular disorders (TMJ Syndrome): muscle problems of the jaw and joints that can inhibit chewing, cause a „clicking” noise, and restrict range of motion. […] Dr. Scott says bruxism very often affects „type A” people, who tend to be more high-strung.
  • #18 Common Causes of Bruxism – Bruxism: The Grind of the Matter – Dentalcare
    https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce485/common-causes-of-bruxism
    Drinking alcohol excessively doubles a patients chance of developing sleep bruxism. […] Bruxism in tobacco users is twice as prevalent as in non-users with sleep bruxism episodes five times more frequent per night. […] Stimulants in recreational drugs such as ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine (meth) and heroine increase bruxism. […] Drinking caffeinated drinks, such as soda, high energy drinks, tea and coffee (six or more cups a day) increases the risks of bruxing.
  • #19 Teeth Grinding (Bruxism): Causes And Treatments
    https://dentist-telaviv.com/teeth-grinding-bruxism-causes-and-treatments/
    Gnashing, clenching and excessively grinding the teeth is known as Bruxism. […] At the present time, dentists aren’t sure what causes teeth grinding. It may be because of physical or mental stress, or it could be due to allergies, earache or respiratory infections. There are even some medicines which have been associated with clenching the teeth excessively. […] Although some people have a greater susceptibility to developing bruxism, there are some factors that increase the chance of having it including: Stress/anxiety – both can cause tooth grinding when the sufferer is awake. […] Taking hard drugs like ecstasy and cocaine or amphetamines can result in severe bruxism both while asleep and awake. […] In some cases, genetics cause grinding of teeth while asleep. […] Parkinson’s Disease, ADHD, obstructive sleep apnea and dementia have all been linked with bruxism. […] As we get older, we are more likely to develop bruxism.
  • #20 The Real Reason Behind Teeth GrindingAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset
    https://willowpassdentalcare.com/teeth-grinding-bruxism/
    Bruxism is a well-known side effect of many prescription drugs and medications. […] Many studies link Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder directly to bruxism. […] Many dentists and dental health specialists believe that bruxism is the direct result of an imbalanced bite. […] Like Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder, sleep apnea tends to disrupt a person’s sleeping patterns and is closely tied to bruxism. […] There is evidence to support the notion that bruxism may be partially hereditary. […] The real underlying causes of bruxism and teeth clenching may vary from one case to the next. […] To get a better picture of bruxism and how to treat it, it is essential to talk to a qualified dental specialist.
  • #21 Why do people grind their teeth? 10 Causes of Bruxism | Rejuvenation Dentistry
    https://www.rejuv-health.com/sleep-apnea/why-do-people-grind-their-teeth/
    Anxiety and/or depression may be the cause of your bruxism, especially awake bruxism. […] Hyperactivity and ADHD have a proven correlation with bruxism. […] Tobacco use and excessive alcohol use are major risk factors for both teeth grinding and sleep apnea. […] Parasitic infection can lead to grinding. […] Certain medications can cause bruxism. […] Teeth grinding seems to run in families. Bruxism involves hereditary and genetic factors. […] Crooked or misaligned teeth are considered to be a leading cause of teeth grinding, especially at night. […] In rare cases, a nutritional or vitamin deficiency may result in bruxism. The following nutritional and vitamin deficiencies may cause teeth grinding: Vitamin B5, Magnesium, Calcium.
  • #22 All About Bruxism: Symptoms, Causes, Dangers, and Treatment Options | Stonewalk Family Dentistry
    https://stonewalkdentistry.com/all-about-bruxism-symptoms-causes-dangers-and-treatment-options
    Bruxism can be caused by a variety of different factors and identifying the specific cause of an individuals grinding usually requires an in-depth analysis of their medical/dental history and lifestyle as well as an oral evaluation. […] Physical causes: having teeth of different sizes or an improperly aligned bite as a result of natural development or trauma can result in involuntary grinding. […] Physiological causes: bruxism can be a complication of certain disorders and conditions such as Huntingtons disease and Parkinsons disease. […] Psychological causes: high levels of stress and anxiety can cause grinding or clenching, as can having an aggressive, highly competitive, or hyperactive personality. Bruxism can also be caused by depression. […] Medication-Related Causes: some people experience bruxism as a side effect of certain medications, especially drugs used for psychiatric conditions and antidepressants.
  • #23 What Causes Teeth Grinding? Understanding Bruxism & Its Triggers – Dolphin Dental Group
    https://www.dolphindental.com/what-causes-teeth-grinding/
    Teeth grinding is a condition in which you subconsciously clench or grind your teeth, often during sleep or periods of heightened stress. […] One of the leading causes of bruxism is stress. When we experience emotional or mental stress, whether from a job, personal concerns, or life events, our bodies respond in various ways. […] Sleep disorders are closely linked to teeth grinding. Conditions like obstructive sleep apnea or OSA, where breathing is interrupted during sleep, are often associated with bruxism. […] Certain lifestyle choices and habits can contribute to or exacerbate bruxism. […] Misalignment of the teeth or poor bite alignment can cause the jaw muscles to work harder, resulting in bruxism. […] Bruxism can be a side effect of several drugs, especially those that influence the neurological system, such as stimulants or antidepressants. […] Understanding the underlying causes, whether they are stress, sleep difficulties, lifestyle factors, or dental concerns, is critical for taking the necessary measures toward relief.
  • #24 Bruxism: Definition, Symptoms, Traits, Causes, Treatment
    https://www.verywellmind.com/grinding-teeth-380343
    Teeth grinding can be linked stress, anxiety, emotions, and personality traits […] The specific causes of bruxism aren’t fully understood, but we do know that certain psychological factors are sometimes connected. Stress, anxiety, anger, and certain personality traits can increase the risk for teeth grinding in some individuals. […] Numerous factors may contribute to bruxism, but emotions, personality traits, and certain substances can play a part. […] Several factors may increase a persons risk of having bruxism, which include: […] Frustration, stress, tension, anxiety, and suppressed anger are all potential culprits behind teeth grinding. […] Bruxism has been associated with certain personality traits, such as neuroticism. […] Cigarette smoking, caffeine, alcohol, and recreational drug use may increase the risk of bruxism. […] There are many different reasons why you might grind your teeth.
  • #25
    https://www.drsilmansmilespa.com/bruxism-in-children-causes-and-treatment
    Bruxism in children is common. About 20% of children will develop this condition, known more commonly as teeth grinding, before the age of 11. […] It can be challenging to pinpoint the cause of bruxism. Among very young children, it can be a pain response to teething when ones baby teeth are coming in. In older children, the reason can range from stress to temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) and other health conditions. […] Stress-induced bruxism is common in adults. However, it is not limited to adults. A child who is worried about a test or making the team may develop this habit. […] A range of health that can cause bruxism in children, including: Cerebral palsy, Tonsillitis, Sleep disorders like sleep apnea, Ear infections, Attention-deficit disorder. […] Misaligned teeth can cause teeth grinding behaviors as well. Braces may help move the teeth into their correct positions and stop the grinding. Diagnosing the root cause of bruxism can be difficult because it could be due to a variety of conditions.
  • #26 Teeth grinding | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/teeth-grinding
    Teeth grinding (bruxism) is involuntary clenching, grinding and gnashing of the teeth that usually happens during sleep. […] Causes can include stress, concentration and use of illegal drugs. […] Teeth grinding can be a result of stress. For example, some people grind their teeth when they are angry, concentrating or feeling anxious. […] The main risk factors for tooth grinding in children include: Pain when teeth are coming through, Emotional stress and anxiety, Medications such as antidepressants, anti-psychotics, Medical conditions such as cerebral palsy, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). […] Management of bruxism can include: stress management therapy, relaxation techniques, cognitive behaviour therapy, hypnotherapy, good sleep hygiene, regular exercise.
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  • #28 Bruxism: Why You Grind Your Teeth and What to Do About It
    https://www.metroeastdentalcare.com/bruxism-why-you-grind-your-teeth-and-what-to-do-about-it/
    Do you grind your teeth at night? The medical term for teeth grinding is bruxism, and its estimated that up to 10% of people suffer from it while they sleep. […] Bruxism isnt just a bad or irritating habit—the latest research shows that it can actually lead to a whole host of dental issues, and the causes behind it are worth looking into, too. […] While its impossible to pinpoint a single cause for teeth grinding, there are a number of factors that can contribute to the development of the condition. Oftentimes, its a combination of more than one of the following factors. […] The most common, and most significant, contributing factor to bruxism is stress. A normal human response when in a stressful situation is to clench your teeth. This goes for physical stress and emotional stress. […] Changing sleep patterns are a contributory factor toward bruxism, as is any disruption during sleep.
  • #28 Bruxism: Why You Grind Your Teeth and What to Do About It
    https://www.metroeastdentalcare.com/bruxism-why-you-grind-your-teeth-and-what-to-do-about-it/
    There is evidence to suggest that bruxism can run in the family. […] Dental damage is the most common effect of bruxism. This can range from chipping and cracking of the teeth, to teeth movement and jaw pain. […] Alongside the dental issues, bruxism can take its toll on the jaw too. The excessive force placed on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) over time can give rise to issues with pain, stiffness, and even locking.
  • #29 Teeth grinding (bruxism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356100
    If your dentist finds that you have bruxism, your dentist talks with you to help figure out its cause. You may be asked questions about your dental health, medicines, daily routines and sleep habits. […] A dental exam may find other conditions that can cause jaw or ear pain, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, other dental problems or health conditions such as sleep apnea. […] If your bruxism is likely caused by major sleep problems, your healthcare professional may recommend that you see a sleep medicine specialist. […] If your bruxism is likely caused by anxiety or other mental health conditions, you may be referred to a mental health professional such as a licensed therapist or counselor. […] If bruxism is caused by a mental health or medical condition, treating that condition may stop or lessen grinding and clenching.
  • #29 Teeth grinding (bruxism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356100
    Treatment for these conditions may help: […] If you have bruxism as a side effect of a medicine, your healthcare professional may change your medicine dose or suggest a different medicine. […] Getting treatment for sleep-related disorders such as sleep apnea may help sleep bruxism get better. […] If another medical condition, such as Parkinson’s disease, is causing bruxism, treating that condition may get rid of or lessen clenching and grinding.