Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bruxism Management – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482466/

  Bruxism, characterized by involuntary rhythmic contractions of the masseter muscles and excessive teeth grinding, is a commonly overlooked yet significant condition. […] Although the diagnosis is primarily clinical, some patients with suspected sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea require polysomnography. […] Generally, the diagnosis is clinical, but affected patients require a thorough evaluation to identify potential underlying sleep disorders or other associated risk factors. Healthcare professionals utilize a multifaceted treatment approach focusing on patient education, counseling, lifestyle modification, and dental appliances. […] The diagnosis of bruxism is primarily clinical and relies on a thorough evaluation, utilizing self-reports or input from a bed partner alongside the clinical examination.

• #2 Diagnosis – Bruxism: The Grind of the Matter – Dentalcare

  https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/ce-courses/ce485/diagnosis

  Diagnosis initially starts with the patients concerns during a dental appointment. The common chief complaint is usually some level of pain, whether it is persistent or inconsistent, from slight sensitivity to intense pain. Patients will usually state generalized or localized hypersensitivity or pain in their teeth and/or jaw. […] After determining decay is not the issue, diagnosing wear facets could be the confirmation of teeth grinding. Symptoms related to the mandible or face are: pain, soreness, tiredness, achiness, popping of the mandible upon opening and closing, tightness or stiffness usually from the pressure and overuse of the masseter muscles or TMJ. Headaches are another common symptom, especially when it is experienced after wakening. These headaches can be dull or intense, sometimes leading to migraines.

• #3 Teeth grinding (bruxism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356100

  During regular dental exams, your dentist checks for signs of bruxism. […] If you have any signs of bruxism, your dentist looks for changes in your teeth and mouth. This may be watched over the next several visits. The dentist can see if the changes are getting worse and if you need treatment. […] Your dentist also checks for: Tenderness in your jaw muscles or jaw joints. Stiffness or pain when moving your jaws. Dental changes, such as flattened, broken or missing teeth. Damage to your teeth, the underlying bone and the insides of your cheeks. You may need X-rays of your teeth and jaw. […] If your dentist finds that you have bruxism, your dentist talks with you to help figure out its cause. You may be asked questions about your dental health, medicines, daily routines and sleep habits.

• #4 Teeth Grinding | MouthHealthy – Oral Health Information from the ADA

  https://www.mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/teeth-grinding

  A 2021 survey by the American Dental Associations Health Policy Institute showed that more than 70% of dentists noticed signs of teeth grinding and clenching in their patients, an increase of nearly 10% over the previous year. […] Most people arent aware that they are clenching or grinding their teeth. […] Dentists and dental hygienists are often the first to notice the signs of teeth grinding, which include chipped or cracked teeth or worn, damaged spots along the edges of teeth. […] If you grind your teeth, its important to safeguard them from the damage this habit can do. […] Because teeth grinding can have other causes, you may need additional help from your doctor or dentist in finding the root cause. […] If youre concerned about your childs teeth grinding, ask your family dentist for advice and possible solutions.

• #5 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/

  Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] The most common clinically associated symptoms include: masseter hypertrophy, tooth wear and sensitivity, morning stiffness or pain in the temporalis and masseter muscles, clicking or locking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and tongue indentations. […] Pain and spasms involving the jaw muscles associated with bruxism are commonly mislabeled as TMJ dysfunction. The more appropriate term is temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) as this term can include problems with the TMJ joint, an abnormal bite (malocclusion), bruxism, and/or myofascial related pain. […] The clinical presentation to the neurologist from this disorder may manifest as headaches, facial pain, anxiety, sleep disorder, or dystonia.

• #6 How to Diagnose and Treat Bruxism

  https://www.southtempledental.com/blog/diagnose-treat-bruxism

  During a routine dental exam, your dentist will check for any signs of atypical wear on the teeth, including bruxism. If the wear is progressive with time, your dentist will determine if you need treatment. […] If bruxism is suspected, your dentist will evaluate its extent and try to determine the root cause by asking general questions. To evaluate the extent of the problem, a dentist will check the tenderness in the jaw muscles, look for broken or missing teeth, and assess the damage that has been done to the teeth and the inside of your cheeks. […] If your dentist believes that there may be a psychological component to your bruxism, you may be referred to a sleep specialist or therapist. A sleep specialist may do further testing, such as looking for signs of sleep apnea or monitoring how frequently your jaw muscles clench in your sleep. […] For more information about bruxism diagnosis and treatment, contact South Temple Dental today.

• #7 Bruxism Management – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482466/

  Typically, clinicians reserve polysomnography for cases where suspected comorbid sleep disorders are present. […] The diagnostic criteria for sleep bruxism, as outlined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition (ICSD-3), include the following: Repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. […] An application-based assessment that provides personal information about muscle activity while awake can offer additional evidence of the behavior in patients with awake bruxism. […] International experts also suggest a grading system for diagnosing awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. This system places patients into 1 of 3 possible categories.

• #8 Bruxism – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism

  Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. […] A diagnosis of bruxism is usually made clinically, and is mainly based on the person’s history (e.g. reports of grinding noises) and the presence of typical signs and symptoms, including tooth mobility, tooth wear, masseteric hypertrophy, indentations on the tongue, hypersensitive teeth (which may be misdiagnosed as reversible pulpitis), pain in the muscles of mastication, and clicking or locking of the temporomandibular joints. […] The diagnosis of sleep bruxism is usually straightforward, and involves the exclusion of dental diseases, temporomandibular disorders, and the rhythmic jaw movements that occur with seizure disorders (e.g. epilepsy). […] The ICSD-R listed diagnostic criteria for sleep bruxism. The minimal criteria include both of the following: A. symptom of tooth-grinding or tooth-clenching during sleep, and B. One or more of the following: Abnormal tooth wear, Grinding sounds, Discomfort of the jaw muscles. […] Bruxism is usually detected because of the effects of the process (most commonly tooth wear and pain), rather than the process itself.

• #9 SciELO Brazil – Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bdj/a/fGSCgB6PfmqWS7cysJRxQ4M/

  The aims of this study were to perform an exploratory analysis of probable awake (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) prevalence using different diagnosis criteria based on the International Consensus; evaluate the associations between self-report and clinical signs/symptoms in adolescents. […] Depending on the diagnosis criteria, the prevalence of probable SB and AB varied from 0-99% and 0.2-99%, respectively. A high inconsistency was found for the prevalence of probable AB and SB in adolescents, which were influenced by the different clinical signs/symptoms used as diagnosis criteria. […] Bruxism is graded as: possible, when it is based on a positive self-report; probable, when it is based on a positive clinical inspection, despite a positive self-report; and definite, when it is based on a positive instrumental evaluation, despite a positive clinical inspection and/or self-report.

• #10 Teeth grinding (bruxism) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356100

  A dental exam may find other conditions that can cause jaw or ear pain, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, other dental problems or health conditions such as sleep apnea. […] If your bruxism is likely caused by major sleep problems, your healthcare professional may recommend that you see a sleep medicine specialist. A sleep medicine specialist can do tests such as a sleep study that checks for teeth grinding during sleep. The test also checks for sleep apnea or other sleep disorders. […] If your bruxism is likely caused by anxiety or other mental health conditions, you may be referred to a mental health professional such as a licensed therapist or counselor. […] Dental exams are the best way to find out if you have bruxism. Your dentist can spot signs of bruxism in your mouth and jaws during regular visits and exams.

• #11 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/

  Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Physical exam should include palpation of the masseter, temporalis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles evaluating for muscle hypertrophy, tenderness and/or pain. […] In addition, the TMJ should be inspected for pain and clicking/locking as well as limitation of jaw opening. […] A dental examination can assess for abnormal teeth wear or damage, indentions in the sides of the tongue, and for malocclusion. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Portable EMG recording devices can also be used at home which may be less cumbersome than a full sleep study.

• #12 Bruxism Management: Overview, Definition, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2066277-overview

  In diagnosing bruxism, particularly as a sleep disorder, there needs to be a well-defined exclusion criteria that separates bruxism from other sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, epilepsy, and REM disorder behaviors. […] In an initial effort to establish a diagnostic criteria, Lavigne and colleagues have defined a set of polysomnographic diagnostic criteria, based on the analysis of 18 bruxers and 18 asymptomatic subjects. On the basis of this preliminary data, they have suggested several cut-off criteria for defining bruxism. According to Lavigne, a person defined as a bruxer should have the following: More than 4 bruxism episodes per hour, More than 6 bruxism bursts per episode and/or 25 bruxism bursts per hour of sleep, At least 2 episodes with grinding sounds. […] The validity of this suggested criteria has, to date, not been challenged by additional research with larger numbers and variable levels of bruxism severity, but, nonetheless, this first effort at establishing a sleep criteria may prove useful research and selective clinical situations. […] Another possible criteria that might be considered in the diagnostic criteria includes micro-arousals defined by increased autonomic, cardiac, and respiratory activity which, according to one report, tends to repeat 8-14 times per hour of sleep in affected individuals.

• #13 Bruxism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/708

  Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible. […] Treatment is symptomatic and depends on the presence of clinically relevant consequences rather than the presence of bruxism itself. […] Key diagnostic factors: bruxism activities: teeth grinding/clenching, jaw bracing/thrusting. […] 1st tests to order: clinical diagnosis, polysomnographic (PSG) study. […] Tests to consider: electromyography (EMG), ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

• #14 Bruxism – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/bruxism/

  Bruxism is involuntary and repetitive teeth grinding and/or jaw clenching due to increased masticatory muscle activity either while asleep (sleep bruxism) or awake (awake bruxism). […] Diagnosis is based upon self-report, third-party observation (e.g., family member), and physical examination. Electromyography of the masticatory muscle and polysomnography (for sleep bruxism) showing increased muscle activity may support the diagnosis. […] Non-instrumental approach: Self-report (questionnaire and/or medical history), Third-party observation (e.g., sleeping partner), Physical examination. […] Instrumental approach: Electromyography of the masticatory muscle showing increased muscle activity, Polysomnography showing increased muscle activity (for sleep bruxism).

• #15 Easy at-home assessment of teeth grinding in sleep | ScienceDaily

  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191018112140.htm

  An easy-to-use electrode set can assess sleep bruxism severity as well as a conventional polysomnography, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows. […] Sleep bruxism, commonly known as clenching or grinding of the teeth during sleep, affects approximately 8-15% of the population. […] Accurate assessment of sleep bruxism severity requires bioelectric measurements, of which sleep laboratory polysomnography is the most accurate one. […] The diagnostic accuracy of the electrode set was compared to the diagnostic accuracy of a conventional polysomnography and other bioelectric measurements. […] „The upgraded version of the electrode set is extremely well-suited for accurate assessment of sleep bruxism severity. […] According to the study, the electrode set is reliable and easy enough to be used by patients in their own home.

• #16 Diagnosis of Bruxism | Tooth Grinding | Jaw Clenching | Teeth Clenching | Parasomnia

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/sleep-disorder-bruxism-toothgrinding-diagnosis.htm

  Diagnosis of Bruxism is based on the patients dental history and a dental examination. […] Dentist usually detects or suspects bruxism during a routine checkup, when the worn out condition of the teeth is spotted. […] The diagnosis is generally based on the patient’s dental history and a careful dental reexamination. […] The examination will help the dentist to determine whether the grinding is caused by anatomical (misaligned teeth) or psychological (stress) factors. […] A recently introduced device called the BiteStrip is a disposable self-use home test for Sleep Bruxism and might help diagnose bruxism before damage appears on the teeth. […] The Polysomnography (PSG) is an overnight test that is done in a laboratory that takes continuous multiple measurements, while a patient is asleep, to document abnormalities in the sleep cycle. […] On a Polysomnogram features of Bruxism are evident on the electromyographic studies of the jaw muscles.

• #17

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-022-04398-w

  To validate a new diagnostic method (DIABRUX) for quantifying sleep bruxism (SB) activity using the current gold standard, polysomnography (PSG), as a criterion in an adequate sample size investigation. […] The present data confirm that the new diagnostic method is valid and user-friendly that may be used for therapeutic evaluation, and for the acquisition of larger sample sizes within sophisticated study designs. […] The verified properties of the new diagnostic method allow estimating SB activity before damages occur due to long-standing bruxism activity. Therefore, it might be utilized for preventive dentistry. […] The newly developed DIABRUX method consists of a 0.50-mm thick sheet of biocompatible Terlux 2802 HD and a specifically for this purpose developed analysing software. […] The comparison between the SB and non-SB group estimated a mean pixel score of 1306 (SD=913) for the SB group and a mean pixel score of 381 (SD=483) for the non-SB group.

• #18 Classification of Bruxism | Teeth grinding severity scale & diagnosis guide

  https://smileperfected.com/classification-of-bruxism/

  However, there is no widely accepted definition of bruxism, but some suggested definitions include: […] The diagnosis of bruxism is where dentists should focus. […] Patients should be diagnosed in three different stages of bruxism: Mild, Moderate Severe. […] Understanding each level of teeth grinding in detail is key for proper treatment during any bruxism stage. […] In cases of mild grinding diagnosis, a lighter hard-soft grinding appliance between 1.5 MM and 3 MM in thickness is recommended. […] A lighter hard-soft grinding appliance is recommended between 2 MM and 4 MM in thickness in cases of moderate grinding diagnosis. […] A lighter hard-soft grinding appliance is recommended between 3 MM and 5 MM in thickness in cases of severe grinding diagnosis. […] The exposure of dentin, secondary dentin, and pulp is a direct cause of even minor untreated bruxism over time.

• #19 Specialist’s Guide To Diagnosing And Treating Bruxism | Avant Dentalclose

  https://avantdental.com.au/news/specialists-guide-to-diagnosing-and-treating-bruxism/

  At least one in three Australian adults suffer from bruxism. That means diagnosing and treating bruxism with splints has become a common part of daily practice for most dentists. […] Another common issue for dentists is diagnosing the extent or severity of the patient’s bruxism, and knowing when to treat the patient with splints and when to refer the patient to a specialist – such as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or a prosthodontist – for treatment. […] Dr Phoon Nguyen says the most important thing for dentists is to know not to treat bruxism with splints if sleep apnoea is present because this can make the patient’s sleep apnoea worse. That means, while sleep apnoea and bruxism are separate conditions, dentists may need to make sure sleep apnoea is not present in the patient before proceeding with a splint treatment.

• #20 Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Symptoms, Causes, & Remedies | Rejuvenation Dentistry

  https://www.rejuv-health.com/sleep-apnea/bruxism-teeth-grinding/

  Millions of Americans suffer from bruxism. However, what many people dont realize is that teeth grinding isnt all about stress its frequently a symptom of a sleep disorder. […] Bruxism is a condition in which people grind, clench, or gnash their teeth. It is also known as teeth grinding, or simply grinding. […] Sleep bruxism is typically airway health-related. It is usually caused by sleep apnea or another type of disordered sleep breathing (like UARS). Your brain signals teeth grinding to restart breathing as a response to an apneic episode, when you stop breathing because your airway is obstructed. […] Experts estimate 12-31% of adults suffer from sleep bruxism, most of whom are unaware of their medical condition. […] To diagnose bruxism, a doctor may: Review your symptoms, Ask about your medical history, Ask about your sleeping habits, Find out what medications youre on, Check for soreness in jaw muscles, Check for tooth damage, Check for underlying bone damage, with x-rays.

• #21 Canadian Dental Association

  https://www.cda-adc.ca/en/oral_health/talk/complications/bruxism/

  Bruxism involves involuntary patterns of clenching, grinding or gnashing of teeth. […] Tell your dentist as soon as possible if you notice any signs or symptoms of bruxism. Even if you’re not sure that bruxism is the cause of what you’re experiencing, consulting your dentist early on can limit any damage to your mouth. Only your dentist has the education and expertise to perform an oral exam, provide a diagnosis and recommend treatment options that are right for you. […] For example, if you have crooked, misaligned, or missing teeth that are causing bruxism, your dentist may recommend treatment to correct these other underlying issues. […] If you’re grinding your teeth while sleeping, your dentist may recommend wearing a custom mouth guard, which can help even out the pressure across the jaw and create a physical barrier between the upper and lower teeth to protect them from damage. Some patients are able to wear mouth guards more successfully than others.

• #22 Teeth grinding | Bruxism symptoms and causes | Delta Dental

  https://www.deltadental.com/us/en/protect-my-smile/oral-health-conditions/what-is-teeth-grinding.html

  Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a condition that causes individuals to clench, grind, or gnash their teeth as a result of stress, anxiety, and other factors. Many people unintentionally grind their teeth from time to time, which typically does not cause harm. However, when teeth are ground regularly, tooth damage and other oral health complications can arise. Chronic teeth grinding has the potential to result in the fracture, loosening, or loss of teeth. It can also wear teeth down and cause both oral and bodily pain. If you are experiencing discomfort as a result of this condition, see your dentist who will determine the best course of treatment. Depending on the severity of any damage caused by bruxing, treatment can range from a night guard to tooth replacement. […] If you have any of the signs or symptoms mentioned above, schedule an appointment with your dentist. It is important to keep up with regular appointments so that your dentist can monitor for signs of dental damage.

• #23

  https://www.padentalsleep.com/teeth-grinding-diagnosis-risks-treatment

  Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is an oral health issue that affects people of all ages. […] Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical to effectively manage bruxism and minimize its impacts on a person’s dental health and overall well-being. […] A comprehensive dental examination is essential for diagnosing teeth grinding and determining the most appropriate course of treatment. […] The dentist will examine the teeth, gums, and jaw for any signs of grinding, clenching, or other damage. […] In some cases, a sleep evaluation may be recommended to determine whether an underlying sleep disorder is contributing to the bruxism. […] Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options is vital for effectively addressing bruxism and safeguarding your dental health and sleep quality.

• #24 A Dentist Explains How to Know Whether You Grind Your Teeth – Lee Family and Cosmetic Dentistry Oxford Mississippi

  https://www.leedentistryoxford.com/blog/a-dentist-explains-how-to-know-whether-you-grind-your-teeth/

  Do you think you might be grinding your teeth and are looking for a dentist’s opinion? Have you ever woken up with a stiff or sore jaw? Do you have a dull, throbbing headache upon waking in the morning? […] If so, it may be time for you to visit your dentist. Both of these scenarios are telltale signs that you are grinding your teeth while you sleep. Medically termed bruxism, grinding your teeth can lead to serious oral health issues if not addressed by your dentist. […] If you are noticing any of these signs or symptoms, the easiest way to confirm whether you are grinding your teeth is by visiting your dentist for an official diagnosis. […] Your dentist is the first person you should visit if you suspect that you are grinding your teeth. During a dental exam, your dentist will look for signs of bruxism such as excessive wear on your teeth, including cracks, chips or loose teeth.

• #25 Bruxism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/708

  Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible. […] Treatment is symptomatic and depends on the presence of clinically relevant consequences rather than the presence of bruxism itself. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, bruxism activities: teeth grinding/clenching, jaw bracing/thrusting, oral parafunctions, tooth wear, jaw muscle and/or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, jaw muscle tenderness, and jaw muscle hypertrophy. […] 1st investigations to order include clinical diagnosis and polysomnographic (PSG) study. […] Investigations to consider include electromyography (EMG) and ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

• #26 Why grinding your teeth might not always be a bad thing

  https://theconversation.com/why-grinding-your-teeth-might-not-always-be-a-bad-thing-211971

  In any case, current research implies another important modification for the conception of bruxism: it is no longer considered a pathology but a mere motor activity. […] Therefore, and even though awake bruxism can be a release mechanism for stress, grinding ones teeth can be prevented by learning to detect the habit (aiming to reduce the bracing of muscles in the first place) and by subsequently reducing stress levels through techniques for relaxation and coping. […] Many people are unaware of the fact that for the jaw to be relaxed and at rest, there should be no contact between the teeth, as can be deduced from the definition listed above. The mere fact of being aware of that and trying to correct it reduces the incidence of bruxism.

• #27 Non-Instrumental and Instrumental Tools Validity in Bruxism Diagnostics

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/200

  Non-Instrumental and Instrumental Tools Validity in Bruxism Diagnostics […] Background/Objectives: The study aimed to validate the diagnostic system proposed by the Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) by correlating the results obtained based on questionnaire and non-instrumental and instrumental tools. […] The diagnosis of bruxism and its association with tooth wear have been the subject of much discussion over time, both for and against. […] The Standardized Tool for Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) represents an implementation of the guidelines established by the 2018 consensus. […] The study aimed to validate the diagnostic system for sleep bruxism and awake bruxism proposed by STAB by correlating the results obtained from the questionnaire, the clinical exam and electromyographic examination. […] The diagnostic accuracy of the non-instrumental stage of the study was tested for sensitivity and sensibility using the sEMG results as a reference value. […] The results of our study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the tools were the highest for sleep bruxism. […] The tests showed a low sensitivity (15%) but a high specificity (83%) for tooth wear. […] The absence of tooth wear was frequently associated with the absence of bruxism, while the presence of tooth wear did not necessarily imply the existence of bruxism. […] Non-instrumental evaluation of bruxism through questionnaires and clinical exams is valuable, especially for SB. Instrumental evaluation through electromyography remains a gold standard for bruxism diagnosis.

• #28 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic

  Though rarely a primary presentation in the general neurology practice, teeth grinding, gritting, or clinching may present as a trigger for other neurologic complaints. […] It is unlikely that a patient will present to a general neurologist with the primary complaint of teeth grinding, gritting, or clinching. […] The definition of bruxism varies somewhat in the literature. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain defines it as diurnal or nocturnal parafunctional activity including clenching, bracing, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth. […] The glossary of prosthodonitic terms (GPT-8) gives a more complete definition: Parafunctional grinding of the teeth (or). An oral habit consisting of involuntary rhythmic or spasmodic nonfunctional gnashing, grinding, or clenching of teeth, in non-chewing movements of the mandible, that can lead to occlusal trauma.

• #29 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/

  Do not rely on a history of audible grinding while asleep to make a diagnosis of bruxism. […] Consider bruxism in patients with daily frontal headaches present upon awakening. […] As both a neuromuscular and dental disorder, bruxism crosses specialty lines. […] Working with our dental colleagues and especially TMD specialists is imperative to ensure the best possible outcome for patients. […] Behavioral therapy such as progressive relaxation techniques or biofeedback may be helpful for the bruxer during waking hours or ease symptoms upon falling asleep. […] Intraoral appliances (e.g., bruxism appliances, bite plates, night guards, occlusal devices) are the mainstay of dental treatment for bruxism. […] Despite their wide use, they do not change nocturnal bruxing behavior, and there is little objective data to support their use.

• #30 A Dentist Explains How to Know Whether You Grind Your Teeth – Lee Family and Cosmetic Dentistry Oxford Mississippi

  https://www.leedentistryoxford.com/blog/a-dentist-explains-how-to-know-whether-you-grind-your-teeth/

  The good news is that bruxism, or grinding your teeth, is a very treatable condition. If you suspect that you are grinding your teeth, visit your dentist as soon as possible to discuss your options for reducing or eliminating bruxism. The sooner you catch and treat this condition, the less pain and damage you will endure.

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