Bruksizm
Epidemiologia

Bruksizm, definiowany jako powtarzalna aktywność mięśni żuchwy objawiająca się zgrzytaniem zębami i/lub zaciskaniem szczęk, występuje zarówno w fazie snu (bruksizm senny), jak i w stanie czuwania (bruksizm dzienny). Globalna częstość występowania wynosi około 22,22%, z bruksizmem sennym u 21% i dziennym u 23% populacji. Występowanie jest zmienne geograficznie, z najwyższą częstością bruksizmu sennego w Ameryce Północnej (31%) i dziennego w Ameryce Południowej (30%). Częstość bruksizmu jest najwyższa w dzieciństwie (15-40% dla bruksizmu sennego) i stopniowo maleje z wiekiem, osiągając około 3% u osób powyżej 60 roku życia. Diagnostyka bruksizmu jest utrudniona ze względu na różnorodność objawów i metod oceny; polisomnografia z nocnymi zapisami elektromiograficznymi mięśni skroniowych i żwaczy pozostaje złotym standardem, wykazując częstość bruksizmu sennego na poziomie 43%, podczas gdy samoraportowanie daje niższe wartości (5,5-7,4%).

Bruksizm – charakterystyka ogólna

Bruksizm to powtarzalna aktywność mięśni żuchwy, charakteryzująca się zgrzytaniem zębami i/lub zaciskaniem szczęk, która może występować podczas snu (bruksizm senny) lub w stanie czuwania (bruksizm dzienny). Jest to powszechne zaburzenie, które może prowadzić do różnorodnych problemów zdrowotnych, w tym uszkodzeń zębów oraz zaburzeń stawu skroniowo-żuchwowego12. Bruksizm jest obecnie klasyfikowany przez Amerykańską Akademię Medycyny Snu (AASM) jako zaburzenie ruchu związane ze snem3.

Epidemiologia bruksizmu na świecie

Globalna częstość występowania bruksizmu (zarówno sennego, jak i dziennego) wynosi około 22,22%45. Według Międzynarodowej Klasyfikacji Zaburzeń Snu (ICSD-R), 85-90% populacji ogólnej zgrzyta zębami w pewnym stopniu w jakimś momencie życia, chociaż tylko u 5% rozwinie się stan kliniczny6. Częstość występowania bruksizmu sennego i dziennego wynosi odpowiednio około 21% i 23%7.

W zależności od zastosowanych kryteriów diagnostycznych i metodologii badań, szacunki dotyczące częstości występowania bruksizmu mogą się znacznie różnić. Niektóre badania wskazują, że bruksizm dotyczy od 8% do 31,4% populacji ogólnej89. Natomiast w badaniu z 2019 roku wykazano częstość występowania bruksizmu dziennego na poziomie 5,0% oraz bruksizmu sennego na poziomie 16,5% całkowitej populacji10.

Regionalne zróżnicowanie występowania bruksizmu

Występowanie bruksizmu wykazuje znaczne zróżnicowanie geograficzne. Najwyższą częstość występowania bruksizmu sennego zaobserwowano w Ameryce Północnej (31%), następnie w Ameryce Południowej (23%), Europie (21%) i Azji (19%)11. Z kolei częstość występowania bruksizmu dziennego była najwyższa w Ameryce Południowej (30%), następnie w Azji (25%) i Europie (18%)12.

W poszczególnych krajach częstość występowania bruksizmu może wykazywać jeszcze większe zróżnicowanie. Najwyższą częstość występowania bruksizmu pierwotnego odnotowano w Finlandii (40%), Stanach Zjednoczonych (37%), Brazylii (35%) i Hongkongu (6%)13.

Występowanie bruksizmu w różnych grupach wiekowych

Częstość występowania bruksizmu zmienia się z wiekiem. Bruksizm senny jest powszechny, dotykając około 15-40% dzieci i 8-10% dorosłych14. Szczyt występowania bruksizmu podczas snu przypada na dzieciństwo i stopniowo zmniejsza się wraz z wiekiem15.

U dzieci częstość występowania bruksizmu w literaturze jest bardzo zmienna i wynosi od 4% do 40%1617. Niektóre badania wskazują, że bruksizm dotyka nawet 49,6% dzieci18. Częstość występowania zmniejsza się wraz z wiekiem i waha się od 14% do 20% wśród dzieci w wieku 11 lat i młodszych, do 13% wśród młodych dorosłych (18-29 lat) i 3% wśród osób powyżej 60 roku życia19.

Daje się zauważyć liniowy spadek częstości występowania bruksizmu po 40. roku życia, do około 3% u osób starszych (powyżej 60. roku życia)2021.

Różnice płciowe w występowaniu bruksizmu

Większość badań wskazuje, że bruksizm dotyka mężczyzn i kobiety w równym stopniu222324. Nie stwierdzono jednoznacznej różnicy w częstości występowania między płciami25. Niektóre badania sugerują jednak przewagę bruksizmu dziennego u kobiet26, choć inne wskazują, że mężczyźni mogą być bardziej narażeni na bruksizm senny27.

W jednym z badań zaobserwowano, że wiek jest istotnym czynnikiem występowania bruksizmu sennego u kobiet28, co sugeruje możliwe różnice w przebiegu bruksizmu w zależności od płci i wieku.

Metody diagnostyczne i ich wpływ na dane epidemiologiczne

Dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące bruksizmu mogą się znacznie różnić w zależności od zastosowanych metod diagnostycznych. Występowanie bruksizmu sennego, określane na podstawie polisomnografii (PSG), oszacowano na 43%29. Jest to obecnie uważane za najbardziej obiektywną metodę diagnostyczną30.

Jednakże, gdy do diagnozy stosuje się samoraportowanie objawów bruksizmu, uzyskane dane dotyczące częstości występowania wahają się od 5,5% (gdy potwierdzone przez PSG) do 7,4% (gdy tylko zgłaszane przez pacjentów)31. To pokazuje, jak różne metody diagnostyczne mogą wpływać na szacowaną częstość występowania bruksizmu.

W badaniu dotyczącym diagnozowania i częstości występowania prawdopodobnego bruksizmu dziennego i sennego u nastolatków, w zależności od kryteriów diagnostycznych, częstość występowania prawdopodobnego bruksizmu sennego i dziennego wahała się odpowiednio od 0% do 99,8% i od 0,2% do 99,8%32. Tak duże rozbieżności wskazują na wysoką niespójność w częstości występowania prawdopodobnego bruksizmu dziennego i sennego u nastolatków, na co wpływają różne objawy kliniczne używane jako kryteria diagnostyczne33.

Wyzwania diagnostyczne

Diagnoza bruksizmu stanowi wyzwanie ze względu na różnorodność objawów i trudności w obiektywnej ocenie. Badacze i klinicyści mają trudności z określeniem dokładnej częstości występowania, ponieważ wielu pacjentów z bruksizmem pozostaje niezdiagnozowanych34.

Wyniki przeglądu systematycznego ujawniły niejednoznaczne dowody na rolę wywiadu, objawów klinicznych i symptomów w potwierdzającej diagnozie bruksizmu35. Istnieje niewystarczająca liczba dowodów na rolę wywiadu, objawów klinicznych i symptomów w potwierdzającej diagnozie bruksizmu36.

Ważnym narzędziem diagnostycznym jest polisomnografia z nocnymi zapisami elektromiograficznymi mięśni skroniowych i żwaczy, która może być diagnostyczna dla bruksizmu i może ujawnić związane z nim mikrowybudzenia lub zmiany faz snu, zwiększoną częstość oddechów i tętna, a nawet mimowolne ruchy nóg3738.

Czynniki ryzyka i komorbidność

Bruksizm ma złożoną, wieloczynnikową etiologię. Rozwój bruksizmu prawdopodobnie obejmuje czynniki genetyczne, psychologiczne, fizjologiczne i związane ze stylem życia39.

Czynniki psychologiczne

Stres, lęk i depresja są czynnikami psychologicznymi najczęściej związanymi z występowaniem bruksizmu4041. Badania konsekwentnie wykazują udział czynników psychologicznych w występowaniu bruksizmu, zarówno sennego, jak i dziennego4243.

Zaobserwowano wzrost przypadków bruksizmu wśród młodych ludzi, szczególnie na uniwersytetach, a badania epidemiologiczne wskazują na wzrost z 5% w 1966 r. do 22% w 2002 r., przy czym poziom stresu podążał za tym samym trendem wzrostowym4445.

Mechanizm patofizjologiczny, w którym stres wpływa na występowanie bruksizmu, został wyjaśniony dowodami, że osoby o zwiększonym poziomie neurotyczności i zaburzeniach lękowych mają tendencję do uwalniania napięcia emocjonalnego poprzez angażowanie się w czynności związane z bruksizmem46.

Czynniki związane ze stylem życia

Czynniki ryzyka obejmują palenie tytoniu, kofeinę, spożywanie alkoholu, wrażliwość na stres i cechy osobowości związane z lękiem47. Badania wykazały, że osoby, które palą lub piją alkohol lub kawę, są dwukrotnie bardziej narażone na zgrzytanie zębami niż osoby, które tego nie robią48.

Choroby współistniejące

Bruksizm rzadko występuje samodzielnie, jest częściej spotykany u osób z istniejącymi zaburzeniami snu, takimi jak chrapanie, przerwy w oddychaniu podczas snu, obturacyjny bezdech senny (OSA) i inne parasomnie49.

Czynniki ryzyka obejmują również chrapanie, obturacyjny bezdech senny i inne zaburzenia snu50. Bruksizm jako objaw towarzyszący jest znacznie zwiększony w niektórych zaburzeniach jąder podstawy, takich jak dystonia szyjno-czaszkowa i choroba Huntingtona5152.

Niniejsze badanie wykazało istotny związek między bruksizmem a zaburzeniami oddechowymi, przy czym 41,4% dzieci z zaburzeniami oddechowymi wykazywało bruksizm, w porównaniu do zaledwie 13,1% tych bez zaburzeń oddechowych53.

Występowanie bruksizmu w specjalnych populacjach

Bruksizm dzienny jest znacznie częstszy w zawodach związanych z wysokim stresem. Chociaż występuje tylko u 10% populacji ogólnej, szacuje się, że dotyka 50% funkcjonariuszy organów ścigania i 59,2% specjalistów IT54.

Niektóre badania wskazują na wyższą częstość występowania u dzieci z niepełnosprawnościami rozwojowymi, zespołem Downa, zaburzeniami snu i autyzmem55.

Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na częstość występowania bruksizmu

Badanie wykazało, że względna liczba wyszukiwań dla terminów bruksizm, zgrzytanie zębami i zaciskanie zębów, jako wskaźnik zainteresowania publicznego i zapotrzebowania, wzrosła zarówno na całym świecie, jak i w Stanach Zjednoczonych w okresie maj-październik 2020 r. w porównaniu z podobnymi okresami poprzednich 4 lat56.

Znaleziono związek między wysokim poziomem stresu a bruksizmem, z częstością występowania 68,10%, co jest zgodne z raportowaniem 60,80% przez Estradę dotyczącym bruksizmu u peruwiańskich studentów stomatologii, obserwowanym na podstawie występowania objawów takich jak ból mięśni głowy i szyi oraz uczucie zmęczenia w ciągu dnia57.

Badanie Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Stomatologicznego z 2021 roku wykazało, że ponad 70% dentystów zauważyło objawy zgrzytania zębami i zaciskania u swoich pacjentów, co stanowi wzrost o prawie 10% w porównaniu z poprzednim rokiem58.

Metody nadzoru i monitorowania bruksizmu

Kwestionariusze przesiewowe mogą być pomocne w upewnieniu się, że objawy nie są przeoczone5960. Należy rozważyć badania przesiewowe w kierunku bruksizmu u wszystkich pacjentów zgłaszających się z powodu bólu głowy/twarzy i zaburzeń snu61.

Badania kliniczne dotyczące bruksizmu zarejestrowane w ClinicalTrials.gov obejmują co najmniej 34 badania, w tym 1 aktywne, 16 zakończonych i 1 rekrutujące62.

Wyzwania badawcze

Przyszłe badania nad bruksizmem powinny koncentrować się na lepszym zrozumieniu patofizjologii schorzenia oraz wpływu jego negatywnych i pozytywnych czynników klinicznych63.

Równie ważnym aspektem jest poszerzenie wiedzy specjalistów medycznych na temat bruksizmu, co pomoże we wcześniejszym rozpoznaniu i wcześniejszym wdrożeniu odpowiedniego leczenia64.

Zwracamy uwagę na zauważalnie dynamiczny rozwój bruksizmu w dzisiejszym społeczeństwie oraz znaczenie projektów informacyjnych i profilaktycznych, zwłaszcza skierowanych do pacjentów z grupy wysokiego ryzyka, a także do specjalistów, w celu lepszego radzenia sobie z epidemią bruksizmu65.

Czynniki genetyczne w bruksizmie

Badania genetyczne sugerują, że bruksizm senny oceniany poprzez diagnozę kliniczną ma charakter poligeniczny66. Czynniki genetyczne sugerują, że bruksizm senny jest powiązany z procesami biologicznymi, które są częściowo wspólne ze stresem, bólem i chorobami współistniejącymi związanymi ze snem67.

Badania mające na celu rozwikłanie genetycznych podstaw bruksizmu sennego wykorzystują klinicznie istotne przypadki do przeprowadzenia badania asocjacji całego genomu (GWAS), pierwszego tego rodzaju dla bruksizmu sennego68.

Podsumowanie

Bruksizm stanowi istotny problem zdrowia publicznego, dotykający znaczną część populacji na całym świecie. Globalna częstość występowania bruksizmu (zarówno sennego, jak i dziennego) wynosi około 22,22%, przy czym częstość występowania bruksizmu sennego i dziennego wynosi odpowiednio około 21% i 23%.

Częstość występowania bruksizmu różni się znacznie w zależności od regionu geograficznego, wieku, metod diagnostycznych i czynników związanych ze stylem życia. Bruksizm jest najczęstszy w dzieciństwie i młodym wieku dorosłym, a jego częstość występowania zmniejsza się wraz z wiekiem.

Czynniki psychologiczne, takie jak stres, lęk i depresja, odgrywają ważną rolę w rozwoju bruksizmu. Ponadto bruksizm często współistnieje z innymi zaburzeniami, takimi jak obturacyjny bezdech senny i inne zaburzenia snu.

Diagnoza bruksizmu stanowi wyzwanie ze względu na różnorodność objawów i trudności w obiektywnej ocenie. Polisomnografia z nocnymi zapisami elektromiograficznymi jest obecnie uważana za najbardziej obiektywną metodę diagnostyczną dla bruksizmu sennego.

W świetle rosnącej częstości występowania bruksizmu, szczególnie w kontekście zwiększonego stresu związanego z pandemią COVID-19, istnieje potrzeba dalszych badań nad patofizjologią, diagnozą i leczeniem bruksizmu.

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  1. 18.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Teeth Grinding: You Won’t Believe How Harmful it Really Is | Health.mil
    https://health.mil/News/Articles/2022/02/28/Teeth-Grinding-You-Wont-Believe-How-Harmful-it-Really-Is?type=Infographics&page=4
    Chronic, involuntary teeth grinding technically called bruxism can lead to all sorts of health problems. […] Up to 30% of people grind their teeth in some way, and estimates suggest that about 10% to 15% of adults suffer painful bruxing during sleep, according to Air Force Lt. Col. Preston Duffin, director of orofacial pain at the 59th Dental Training Squadron-Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland. […] Many people dont fully understand how harmful teeth grinding can be. […] Bruxism is a real condition thats very debilitating, Brown said. We need to make sure our medical practitioners can identify it and try to intervene earlier.
  • #2 Bruxism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/708
    Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible. […] Can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or wakefulness (awake bruxism). […] Bruxism can be considered a risk factor for negative oral health consequences, rather than a disorder per se. The bruxism construct has evolved over the years to consider the phenomenon a motor activity that may be a sign of an underlying condition, represent a normal variation of behaviour in otherwise healthy individuals, or a protective factor associated with one or more positive health outcomes (e.g., restoring airway patency after sleep apnoea events or releasing emotional tension). […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, bruxism activities: teeth grinding/clenching, jaw bracing/thrusting, and oral parafunctions. […] Risk factors include smoking, caffeine, alcohol consumption, stress sensitivity and anxious personality traits, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, and other sleep disorders.
  • #3 Sleep related bruxism—comprehensive review of the literature based on a rare case presentation – Thomas – Frontiers of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
    https://fomm.amegroups.org/article/view/67995/html
    Sleep related bruxism (SRB) is currently classified by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) as a sleep related movement disorder. […] The prevalence of PB is not well understood. Recent literatures including systematic reviews have reported the regional prevalence of PB. […] The highest reported prevalences in the descending order were Finland (40%), United States (37%), Brazil (35%), and Hong Kong (6%). […] Studies show contradictory results, as to the association of bruxism with age. […] A recent study shows the prevalence of PB as approximately 28%. […] The prevalence of sleep bruxism in adults was reported to be 9% in the general population, and as in children, adults also show no gender difference in SRB, and the prevalence reduces with age. […] A systematic review of epidemiology of adult bruxism shows rather inconclusive results.
  • #4 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #5 Bruxism – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism
    Bruxism is a common behavior; the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. […] The ICSD-R states that 85-90% of the general population grind their teeth to a degree at some point during their life, although only 5% will develop a clinical condition. […] According to a meta-analysis conducted in 2024, the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. The global prevalence of sleep bruxism is 21%, while the prevalence of awake bruxism is 23%. […] The review also concluded that overall, bruxism affects males and females equally, and affects elderly people less commonly.
  • #6 Bruxism – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism
    Bruxism is a common behavior; the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. […] The ICSD-R states that 85-90% of the general population grind their teeth to a degree at some point during their life, although only 5% will develop a clinical condition. […] According to a meta-analysis conducted in 2024, the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. The global prevalence of sleep bruxism is 21%, while the prevalence of awake bruxism is 23%. […] The review also concluded that overall, bruxism affects males and females equally, and affects elderly people less commonly.
  • #7 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #8 Epidemiology of Bruxism in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.11607/jop.921
    Aims: To perform a systematic review of the literature dealing with the prevalence of bruxism in adult populations. […] Results: Thirty-five publications were included in the review. Several methodological problems limited the external validity of findings in most studies, and prevalence data extraction was performed only on seven papers. Of those, only one paper had a flaw less external validity, whilst internal validity was low in all the selected papers due to their self-reported bruxism diagnosis alone, mainly based on only one or two questionnaire items. […] Generically identified „bruxism” was assessed in two studies reporting an 8% to 31.4% prevalence, awake bruxism was investigated in two studies describing a 22.1% to 31% prevalence, and prevalence of sleep bruxism was found to be more consistent across the three studies investigating the report of „frequent” bruxism (12.8% 3.1%).
  • #9 What is Daytime Bruxism Or Teeth Grinding – Pro Teeth Guard
    https://www.proteethguard.com/what-is-daytime-bruxism-or-teeth-grinding/?srsltid=AfmBOoqf4Yu30I1E_RhbMjBhh140eNwiZMeEmM_0S4x4tfxYDr3ioNQH
    Bruxism is characterized by teeth grinding and clenching the teeth together. It is estimated that between 8% and 31% of the population suffer from this issue. […] Interestingly, daytime bruxism is far more common in high stress careers. Though it occurs in only 10% of the population at large (Mercut et al., 2013), an estimated 50% of law enforcement officers (Carvalho et al., 2008) and 59.2% of IT professionals (Rao et al., 2011) suffer from the effects of daytime clenching. […] A study conducted in 2019 revealed a prevalence of 5.0% of the total population for awake bruxism and 16.5% for sleep bruxism. However, other studies have come to different conclusions. A study conducted in 2016 found sleep bruxism to be present in 8% of the population and awake bruxism to be present in 20%. Researchers and clinicians struggle to identify the exact prevalence because many bruxers go undiagnosed. […] Awake bruxism differs from sleep bruxism in its etiology, prevalence, and diagnosis.
  • #10 What is Daytime Bruxism Or Teeth Grinding – Pro Teeth Guard
    https://www.proteethguard.com/what-is-daytime-bruxism-or-teeth-grinding/?srsltid=AfmBOoqf4Yu30I1E_RhbMjBhh140eNwiZMeEmM_0S4x4tfxYDr3ioNQH
    Bruxism is characterized by teeth grinding and clenching the teeth together. It is estimated that between 8% and 31% of the population suffer from this issue. […] Interestingly, daytime bruxism is far more common in high stress careers. Though it occurs in only 10% of the population at large (Mercut et al., 2013), an estimated 50% of law enforcement officers (Carvalho et al., 2008) and 59.2% of IT professionals (Rao et al., 2011) suffer from the effects of daytime clenching. […] A study conducted in 2019 revealed a prevalence of 5.0% of the total population for awake bruxism and 16.5% for sleep bruxism. However, other studies have come to different conclusions. A study conducted in 2016 found sleep bruxism to be present in 8% of the population and awake bruxism to be present in 20%. Researchers and clinicians struggle to identify the exact prevalence because many bruxers go undiagnosed. […] Awake bruxism differs from sleep bruxism in its etiology, prevalence, and diagnosis.
  • #11 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #12 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #13 Sleep related bruxism—comprehensive review of the literature based on a rare case presentation – Thomas – Frontiers of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine
    https://fomm.amegroups.org/article/view/67995/html
    Sleep related bruxism (SRB) is currently classified by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) as a sleep related movement disorder. […] The prevalence of PB is not well understood. Recent literatures including systematic reviews have reported the regional prevalence of PB. […] The highest reported prevalences in the descending order were Finland (40%), United States (37%), Brazil (35%), and Hong Kong (6%). […] Studies show contradictory results, as to the association of bruxism with age. […] A recent study shows the prevalence of PB as approximately 28%. […] The prevalence of sleep bruxism in adults was reported to be 9% in the general population, and as in children, adults also show no gender difference in SRB, and the prevalence reduces with age. […] A systematic review of epidemiology of adult bruxism shows rather inconclusive results.
  • #14 Sleep-related bruxism (tooth grinding) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sleep-related-bruxism-tooth-grinding
    Sleep-related bruxism is common, affecting approximately 15 to 40 percent of children and 8 to 10 percent of adults. […] The prevalence of bruxism during sleep peaks in childhood and progressively declines with age.
  • #15 Sleep-related bruxism (tooth grinding) – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sleep-related-bruxism-tooth-grinding
    Sleep-related bruxism is common, affecting approximately 15 to 40 percent of children and 8 to 10 percent of adults. […] The prevalence of bruxism during sleep peaks in childhood and progressively declines with age.
  • #16 Bruxism | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics
    https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14091/all/Bruxism?q=Headache
    Bruxism is defined as habitual nonfunctional forceful contact of teeth, which is involuntary. These movements can include excessive grinding, clenching, or rubbing of teeth. […] In children, prevalence in the literature is highly variable with a range of 440%. Prevalence decreases with increasing age. […] Recent systematic review of literature reported no gender differences in prevalence. […] Some studies support higher incidence in children with developmental disabilities, Down syndrome, sleep disorders, and autism.
  • #17 Fundamental Concepts of Sleep Bruxism – Decisions in Dentistry
    https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/sleep-bruxism/
    It has been estimated that 8% to 31% of the general adult population and anywhere from 3.5% to 40.6% of the pediatric population are aware of teeth grinding during sleep. […] Reported prevalence varies depending on how sleep bruxism is defined and the methods used to determine the diagnosis. […] The reported prevalence of this condition is said to decrease with age, and ranges from 14% to 20% among children 11 years and younger to 13% among young adults (age 18 to 29), and 3% among those 60 and older. […] Sleep bruxism tends to be variable over time, as well as night to night, further confounding attempts to determine accurate epidemiological data. […] It appears that prevalence is no different in male and females. […] However, Baba et al noted that males might be more at risk. […] Although there are few reports on the progression or persistence of sleep bruxism, it appears it may be a persistent behavior over time.
  • #18 Bruxism (Teeth Grinding): Symptoms, Causes, & Remedies | Rejuvenation Dentistry
    https://www.rejuv-health.com/sleep-apnea/bruxism-teeth-grinding/
    Millions of Americans suffer from bruxism. […] Experts estimate 12-31% of adults suffer from sleep bruxism, most of whom are unaware of their medical condition. […] Almost half of children experience teeth grinding. […] Up to 31% of adults suffer from awake bruxism. […] Up to 16% of adults suffer from sleep bruxism. […] Up to 49.6% of children experience bruxism. […] Most bruxism sufferers don’t know that they grind their teeth.
  • #19 Fundamental Concepts of Sleep Bruxism – Decisions in Dentistry
    https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/sleep-bruxism/
    It has been estimated that 8% to 31% of the general adult population and anywhere from 3.5% to 40.6% of the pediatric population are aware of teeth grinding during sleep. […] Reported prevalence varies depending on how sleep bruxism is defined and the methods used to determine the diagnosis. […] The reported prevalence of this condition is said to decrease with age, and ranges from 14% to 20% among children 11 years and younger to 13% among young adults (age 18 to 29), and 3% among those 60 and older. […] Sleep bruxism tends to be variable over time, as well as night to night, further confounding attempts to determine accurate epidemiological data. […] It appears that prevalence is no different in male and females. […] However, Baba et al noted that males might be more at risk. […] Although there are few reports on the progression or persistence of sleep bruxism, it appears it may be a persistent behavior over time.
  • #20 The dental demolition derby: bruxism and its impact – part 1: background | British Dental Journal
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-4143-8
    Bruxism may lead to changes or damage to the oral and perioral tissues. […] Incidence of bruxism is reported as between 5-30%, with prevalence appearing similar across the world. […] There is no sex predilection, but incidence decreases with age, with the peak incidence lying in adolescence and younger adulthood, with a slow and linear decline in incidence over 40 years of age to a rate of about 3% in older patients (greater than 60 years). […] There is an association, although limited, with stress, anxiety and poor mental health and a number of other environmental, extrinsic factors.
  • #21 Bruxism | Veterans Affairs Canada
    https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/mental-and-physical-health/mental-health-and-wellness/compensation-illness-or-injury/disability-benefits/entitlement-eligibility-guidelines/az-index/bruxism
    Bruxism is common and may cause transient tension or tenderness of the masticatory muscles and/or an acute inflammation of the joint lining with symptoms often described as tight, tired, tense, or painful facial muscles with jaw pain and difficulty opening. […] While there are few large-scale population studies, it has been estimated that the incidence of overall Bruxism is between 5-30% with no differences between males and females. Bruxism peaks in adolescence and young adults with a steady decline in incidence over 40 years of age to a rate of about 3% in patients over 60 years. […] Current research has shown that individuals who perceive situations as threatening or stressful are more likely to have awake bruxism.
  • #22 Bruxism – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism
    Bruxism is a common behavior; the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. […] The ICSD-R states that 85-90% of the general population grind their teeth to a degree at some point during their life, although only 5% will develop a clinical condition. […] According to a meta-analysis conducted in 2024, the global prevalence of bruxism (both sleep and awake) is 22.22%. The global prevalence of sleep bruxism is 21%, while the prevalence of awake bruxism is 23%. […] The review also concluded that overall, bruxism affects males and females equally, and affects elderly people less commonly.
  • #23 Epidemiology of Bruxism in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature
    https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.11607/jop.921
    Bruxism activities were found to be unrelated to sex, and a decrease with age was described in elderly people. […] The present systematic review described variable prevalence data for bruxism activities. Findings must be interpreted with caution due to the poor methodological quality of the reviewed literature and to potential diagnostic bias related with having to rely on an individual’s self-report of bruxism.
  • #24 Bruxism | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics
    https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14091/all/Bruxism?q=Headache
    Bruxism is defined as habitual nonfunctional forceful contact of teeth, which is involuntary. These movements can include excessive grinding, clenching, or rubbing of teeth. […] In children, prevalence in the literature is highly variable with a range of 440%. Prevalence decreases with increasing age. […] Recent systematic review of literature reported no gender differences in prevalence. […] Some studies support higher incidence in children with developmental disabilities, Down syndrome, sleep disorders, and autism.
  • #25 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775973/
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this type of muscle activity with the behavioral variations listed above. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend.
  • #26 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Consider screening for bruxism in all patients seen for head/facial pain and sleep disorders. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #27 Fundamental Concepts of Sleep Bruxism – Decisions in Dentistry
    https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/sleep-bruxism/
    It has been estimated that 8% to 31% of the general adult population and anywhere from 3.5% to 40.6% of the pediatric population are aware of teeth grinding during sleep. […] Reported prevalence varies depending on how sleep bruxism is defined and the methods used to determine the diagnosis. […] The reported prevalence of this condition is said to decrease with age, and ranges from 14% to 20% among children 11 years and younger to 13% among young adults (age 18 to 29), and 3% among those 60 and older. […] Sleep bruxism tends to be variable over time, as well as night to night, further confounding attempts to determine accurate epidemiological data. […] It appears that prevalence is no different in male and females. […] However, Baba et al noted that males might be more at risk. […] Although there are few reports on the progression or persistence of sleep bruxism, it appears it may be a persistent behavior over time.
  • #28 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #29 Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11278015/
    The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. […] The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. […] One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. […] It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. […] The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. […] The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25%, and Europe at 18%. […] The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. […] The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
  • #30 Self-Report of the perception of stress and signs of bruxism generated during the pandemic in student of the health area
    http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2215-34112022000300200
    Bruxism is the repetitive muscle-mandibular behavior characterized by clenching and/or grinding of the teeth, which reflects the presence of one or more underlying conditions or factors. […] We found an association between the frequency of bruxism and severe stress generated during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high perception of stress in the medicine area and a high frequency of bruxism in the area of nutrition p0.005. […] Currently, both bruxism and stress are consistent contributors to medical problems in the world. […] The knowledge of the reported epidemiological data refers to sleep bruxism (SB), using an objective diagnostic method that is polysomnography (PSG) (10), however, when self-reporting symptoms of bruxism, the prevalence of data obtained range from 5.5 % when confirmed by PSG and 7.4% when only self-reported.
  • #31 Self-Report of the perception of stress and signs of bruxism generated during the pandemic in student of the health area
    http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2215-34112022000300200
    Bruxism is the repetitive muscle-mandibular behavior characterized by clenching and/or grinding of the teeth, which reflects the presence of one or more underlying conditions or factors. […] We found an association between the frequency of bruxism and severe stress generated during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high perception of stress in the medicine area and a high frequency of bruxism in the area of nutrition p0.005. […] Currently, both bruxism and stress are consistent contributors to medical problems in the world. […] The knowledge of the reported epidemiological data refers to sleep bruxism (SB), using an objective diagnostic method that is polysomnography (PSG) (10), however, when self-reporting symptoms of bruxism, the prevalence of data obtained range from 5.5 % when confirmed by PSG and 7.4% when only self-reported.
  • #32 SciELO Brazil – Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis
    https://www.scielo.br/j/bdj/a/fGSCgB6PfmqWS7cysJRxQ4M/
    The aims of this study were to perform an exploratory analysis of probable awake (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) prevalence using different diagnosis criteria based on the International Consensus; evaluate the associations between self-report and clinical signs/symptoms in adolescents. […] Depending on the diagnosis criteria, the prevalence of probable SB and AB varied from 0-99% and 0.2-99%, respectively. A high inconsistency was found for the prevalence of probable AB and SB in adolescents, which were influenced by the different clinical signs/symptoms used as diagnosis criteria. […] The prevalence of probable sleep bruxism varied from 0% to 99.8%, depending on the diagnosis criteria. […] The prevalence of probable awake bruxism varied from 0.2% to 99.8%, depending on the diagnosis criteria.
  • #33 SciELO Brazil – Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis Diagnosis and prevalence of probable awake and sleep bruxism in adolescents: an exploratory analysis
    https://www.scielo.br/j/bdj/a/fGSCgB6PfmqWS7cysJRxQ4M/
    A high inconsistency was found for the prevalence of probable awake and probable sleep bruxism in adolescents based on different diagnosis criteria according to the International Consensus. The wide range in probable awake bruxism and probable sleep bruxism prevalence were influenced by the different clinical signs/symptoms used as diagnosis criteria.
  • #34 What is Daytime Bruxism Or Teeth Grinding – Pro Teeth Guard
    https://www.proteethguard.com/what-is-daytime-bruxism-or-teeth-grinding/?srsltid=AfmBOoqf4Yu30I1E_RhbMjBhh140eNwiZMeEmM_0S4x4tfxYDr3ioNQH
    Bruxism is characterized by teeth grinding and clenching the teeth together. It is estimated that between 8% and 31% of the population suffer from this issue. […] Interestingly, daytime bruxism is far more common in high stress careers. Though it occurs in only 10% of the population at large (Mercut et al., 2013), an estimated 50% of law enforcement officers (Carvalho et al., 2008) and 59.2% of IT professionals (Rao et al., 2011) suffer from the effects of daytime clenching. […] A study conducted in 2019 revealed a prevalence of 5.0% of the total population for awake bruxism and 16.5% for sleep bruxism. However, other studies have come to different conclusions. A study conducted in 2016 found sleep bruxism to be present in 8% of the population and awake bruxism to be present in 20%. Researchers and clinicians struggle to identify the exact prevalence because many bruxers go undiagnosed. […] Awake bruxism differs from sleep bruxism in its etiology, prevalence, and diagnosis.
  • #35 JCPSP | Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
    https://www.jcpsp.pk/article-detail/pdiagnosis-of-bruxism-in-adults-a-systematic-revieworp
    Bruxism is a centrally mediated neurological para-functional movement disorder encompassing clenching, and grinding of teeth, or thrusting and bracing of mandible, which may be performed without conscious awareness. […] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence available for the validity (ability to identify those who have the disease versus those who do not) of non-instrumental tools in the diagnosis of bruxism. […] Prevalence of bruxism ranges from 6-95%, affecting 14-20% of children, 8% of adults under the age of 60 years, and 3% of adults over the age of 60 years. […] The research question of this systematic review was whether the non-instrumental tools alone are valid for confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism or not. […] The validity of different portable diagnostic devices with accuracy of polysomnography was observed in a systematic review. […] The results of the review revealed inconclusive evidence for the role of history, clinical signs, and symptoms in the confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism. […] There is insufficient evidence for the role of history, clinical signs, and symptoms in the confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism.
  • #36 JCPSP | Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
    https://www.jcpsp.pk/article-detail/pdiagnosis-of-bruxism-in-adults-a-systematic-revieworp
    Bruxism is a centrally mediated neurological para-functional movement disorder encompassing clenching, and grinding of teeth, or thrusting and bracing of mandible, which may be performed without conscious awareness. […] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evidence available for the validity (ability to identify those who have the disease versus those who do not) of non-instrumental tools in the diagnosis of bruxism. […] Prevalence of bruxism ranges from 6-95%, affecting 14-20% of children, 8% of adults under the age of 60 years, and 3% of adults over the age of 60 years. […] The research question of this systematic review was whether the non-instrumental tools alone are valid for confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism or not. […] The validity of different portable diagnostic devices with accuracy of polysomnography was observed in a systematic review. […] The results of the review revealed inconclusive evidence for the role of history, clinical signs, and symptoms in the confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism. […] There is insufficient evidence for the role of history, clinical signs, and symptoms in the confirmatory diagnosis of bruxism.
  • #37 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Consider screening for bruxism in all patients seen for head/facial pain and sleep disorders. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #38 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/
    Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #39 Frontiers | The neural substrates of bruxism: current knowledge and clinical implications
    https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2024.1451183/full
    Bruxism is a parafunctional activity that is commonly observed, with a prevalence estimated to affect up to 30% of the population. […] Despite regular dental examinations aiding early detection and management of bruxism, current treatments are limited to reducing symptoms and preventing damage without targeting the underlying cause. […] Bruxism presents a multifactorial etiology. The development of bruxism likely involves genetic, psychological, physiological, and lifestyle factors. […] Although the prevalence of bruxism in children and adolescence is reported to be as high as 40–50%, these estimates often rely on parental reports and encompass a wide age range of participants. […] The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine the current literature on the neural pathways involved in bruxism.
  • #40 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775973/
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this type of muscle activity with the behavioral variations listed above. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend.
  • #41 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/691
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend. […] The present research indicated a statistically proven involvement of psychological factors in the occurrence of bruxism, both sleep and awake.
  • #42 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775973/
    The statistical analysis of the results aimed to establish correlations between SB and AB and epidemiological factors (age, sex) and psychological factors (anxiety, stress, depression, frustration) or their conditioning in relation to duty (that of learning). […] The present research indicated a statistically proven involvement of psychological factors in the occurrence of bruxism, both sleep and awake.
  • #43 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/691
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend. […] The present research indicated a statistically proven involvement of psychological factors in the occurrence of bruxism, both sleep and awake.
  • #44 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8775973/
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this type of muscle activity with the behavioral variations listed above. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend.
  • #45 The Epidemiology of Bruxism in Relation to Psychological Factors
    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/691
    The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of sleep/awake bruxism among young students in Transylvania and to correlate the presence of this muscle activity with behavioral variations. […] The literature could not establish with certainty a difference in frequency between the two sexes. […] Stress, anxiety, and depression are the psychological factors most commonly associated with the presence of bruxism. […] There has been an increase in cases of bruxism among young people, especially in universities, with epidemiological studies indicating an increase from 5% in 1966 to 22% in 2002, with the level of stress following the same upward trend. […] The present research indicated a statistically proven involvement of psychological factors in the occurrence of bruxism, both sleep and awake.
  • #46 Common therapeutic approaches in sleep and awake bruxism — an overview | Matusz | Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
    https://journals.viamedica.pl/neurologia_neurochirurgia_polska/article/view/90495
    This serves to highlight the presence of a correlation between age and incidents of bruxism as epidemiologically variable, which indicates the need for local research to isolate vulnerable groups and implement appropriate preventive measures. […] The pathophysiological mechanism in which stress affects the occurrence of bruxism has been explained by evidence that individuals with increased levels of neuroticism and anxiety disorders tend to release their emotional tension by engaging in activities related to bruxism. […] Bruxism-related TMD can be explained by the craniofacial anatomy. […] Future bruxism research should focus on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition and the impact of its negative and positive clinical factors. […] An equally important aspect is broadening medical professionals knowledge of bruxism, which will help earlier diagnosis and earlier adoption of appropriate treatment.
  • #47 Bruxism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/708
    Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible. […] Can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or wakefulness (awake bruxism). […] Bruxism can be considered a risk factor for negative oral health consequences, rather than a disorder per se. The bruxism construct has evolved over the years to consider the phenomenon a motor activity that may be a sign of an underlying condition, represent a normal variation of behaviour in otherwise healthy individuals, or a protective factor associated with one or more positive health outcomes (e.g., restoring airway patency after sleep apnoea events or releasing emotional tension). […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, bruxism activities: teeth grinding/clenching, jaw bracing/thrusting, and oral parafunctions. […] Risk factors include smoking, caffeine, alcohol consumption, stress sensitivity and anxious personality traits, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, and other sleep disorders.
  • #48 Teeth Grinding | MouthHealthy – Oral Health Information from the ADA
    https://www.mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/teeth-grinding
    A 2021 survey by the American Dental Associations Health Policy Institute showed that more than 70% of dentists noticed signs of teeth grinding and clenching in their patients, an increase of nearly 10% over the previous year. […] One study revealed that teeth grinding is associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Researchers found that people who smoke or drink alcohol or coffee are twice as likely to grind their teeth as people who dont. […] Because teeth grinding can have other causes, you may need additional help from your doctor or dentist in finding the root cause. For example, if there are signs you are struggling to get enough rest at night, a sleep study can measure whats happening while you sleep and how your body responds to sleep problems.
  • #49 Bruxism: A Short Review – Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
    https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol9no2/bruxism-a-short-review/
    Bruxism is a repetitive action of jaw muscle characterized by grinding of teeth and/or by thrusting of the mandible. It has two distinct manifestations that is it happen during sleep or wakefulness, namely known as sleep bruxism and awake bruxism. […] Various Researches has consistently found that bruxism rarely occurs alone, it is found more frequently in those who have an existing sleep disorder such as snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), and other parasomnias. […] Bruxism commonly known as teeth grinding mainly related to sleep disorders, lifestyle factors, and psychological factors can be treated with few therapies, as medications are not effective.
  • #50 Bruxism – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/708
    Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible. […] Can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or wakefulness (awake bruxism). […] Bruxism can be considered a risk factor for negative oral health consequences, rather than a disorder per se. The bruxism construct has evolved over the years to consider the phenomenon a motor activity that may be a sign of an underlying condition, represent a normal variation of behaviour in otherwise healthy individuals, or a protective factor associated with one or more positive health outcomes (e.g., restoring airway patency after sleep apnoea events or releasing emotional tension). […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, bruxism activities: teeth grinding/clenching, jaw bracing/thrusting, and oral parafunctions. […] Risk factors include smoking, caffeine, alcohol consumption, stress sensitivity and anxious personality traits, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, and other sleep disorders.
  • #51 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Consider screening for bruxism in all patients seen for head/facial pain and sleep disorders. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #52 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Psychosocial factors including anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity also appear to be associated with clenching.
  • #53 Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Respiratory Disorders in Schoolchildren Aged 8 – 11 Years in Kerman, Iran: Pre-COVID Pandemic Phase
    https://brieflands.com/articles/ijp-127527
    Bruxism is a parafunctional oral activity defined as excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. This disorder causes damage to the teeth and deforms them. […] The prevalence of bruxism and respiratory diseases was observed to be 20.6% (n = 118) and 26.5% (n = 152), respectively. […] Bruxism was common in children who had a respiratory disorder. Given the potential impact of bruxism on children’s dental health, it is important to pay special attention to the health status of children with respiratory disorders. […] The present study showed a significant association between bruxism and respiratory disorders, with 41.4% of children with respiratory disorders exhibiting bruxism, compared to only 13.1% of those without respiratory disorders. Furthermore, the odds of bruxism prevalence were 1.4 times higher in children with respiratory disorders than those without respiratory disorders.
  • #54 What is Daytime Bruxism Or Teeth Grinding – Pro Teeth Guard
    https://www.proteethguard.com/what-is-daytime-bruxism-or-teeth-grinding/?srsltid=AfmBOoqf4Yu30I1E_RhbMjBhh140eNwiZMeEmM_0S4x4tfxYDr3ioNQH
    Bruxism is characterized by teeth grinding and clenching the teeth together. It is estimated that between 8% and 31% of the population suffer from this issue. […] Interestingly, daytime bruxism is far more common in high stress careers. Though it occurs in only 10% of the population at large (Mercut et al., 2013), an estimated 50% of law enforcement officers (Carvalho et al., 2008) and 59.2% of IT professionals (Rao et al., 2011) suffer from the effects of daytime clenching. […] A study conducted in 2019 revealed a prevalence of 5.0% of the total population for awake bruxism and 16.5% for sleep bruxism. However, other studies have come to different conclusions. A study conducted in 2016 found sleep bruxism to be present in 8% of the population and awake bruxism to be present in 20%. Researchers and clinicians struggle to identify the exact prevalence because many bruxers go undiagnosed. […] Awake bruxism differs from sleep bruxism in its etiology, prevalence, and diagnosis.
  • #55 Bruxism | Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics
    https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14091/all/Bruxism?q=Headache
    Bruxism is defined as habitual nonfunctional forceful contact of teeth, which is involuntary. These movements can include excessive grinding, clenching, or rubbing of teeth. […] In children, prevalence in the literature is highly variable with a range of 440%. Prevalence decreases with increasing age. […] Recent systematic review of literature reported no gender differences in prevalence. […] Some studies support higher incidence in children with developmental disabilities, Down syndrome, sleep disorders, and autism.
  • #56
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00056-021-00315-0
    Whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has an impact on bruxism represents an important gap of knowledge. This study evaluated the trends in Google searches, as an indication of public interest and demand, for bruxism and its symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The relative search volume of bruxism, teeth grinding, and teeth clenching was not significantly different between 2020 and 20162019 worldwide or in the United States in the March 15May 9 period. Only the search for teeth grinding showed an increase worldwide. In the May 10October 17 period, the relative search volume of bruxism, teeth grinding, and teeth clenching all was significantly higher in 2020 compared to 20162019 both worldwide and in the United States. […] The study showed that the relative search volume for bruxism, teeth grinding, and teeth clenching, as an indication of public interest and demand, was increased both worldwide and in the United States during the MayOctober 2020 period compared to similar periods of the previous 4 years. Dentists should address this increased public interest and demand for information seeking for bruxism. Follow-up studies monitoring long-term interest as a real-time surveillance and evaluating whether increased internet searches are linked to an actual increase or worsening of bruxism and its symptoms in the clinic are required.
  • #57 Self-Report of the perception of stress and signs of bruxism generated during the pandemic in student of the health area
    http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2215-34112022000300200
    This report shows an association between a high level of stress and the bruxism, with a prevalence of 68.10%, which agrees with the reporting of 60.80% by Estrada on bruxism in Peruvian dental students (19), observed based on the presence of symptoms such as pain in head and neck muscles and feeling of tiredness during the day. […] The main factor of increased stress appears to be inadequate coping patterns in their daily lives, which causes symptoms such as grinding, accelerating the wear of their teeth and potential pain in the temple, neck or elsewhere. […] The academic demands of the university nowadays, specifically in the area of health, affects the coping mechanisms of students in their daily activities responding inadequately to stress triggers. […] It is important to mention that bruxism increases in the presence of conditions and disorders that could be present in the young adult population, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and gastroesophageal reflux (11), so an early diagnosis of bruxism will have a less negative impact on the stomatognathic system, preventing pain in the jaw muscles, complications in prosthetic restorations and mechanical wear of the teeth that results in high dental sensitivity and changes in the condylar position (40,41); in this way, less invasive treatment alternatives can be offered to this group of vulnerable patients. […] The impact of social isolation is wide-ranging and can be long-lasting. Long-term physical and emotional consequences, leading to a higher risk of developing and perpetuating bruxism and TMJ disorders (16), which could manifest as harmless or even protective behavior.
  • #58 Teeth Grinding | MouthHealthy – Oral Health Information from the ADA
    https://www.mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/teeth-grinding
    A 2021 survey by the American Dental Associations Health Policy Institute showed that more than 70% of dentists noticed signs of teeth grinding and clenching in their patients, an increase of nearly 10% over the previous year. […] One study revealed that teeth grinding is associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Researchers found that people who smoke or drink alcohol or coffee are twice as likely to grind their teeth as people who dont. […] Because teeth grinding can have other causes, you may need additional help from your doctor or dentist in finding the root cause. For example, if there are signs you are struggling to get enough rest at night, a sleep study can measure whats happening while you sleep and how your body responds to sleep problems.
  • #59 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Consider screening for bruxism in all patients seen for head/facial pain and sleep disorders. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #60 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/movement-disorders/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic/30531/
    Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #61 Bruxism in the Neurology Clinic
    https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2015-sept/bruxism-in-the-neurology-clinic
    Bruxism can occur during wake and/or sleep and can involve multiple muscles of mastication including the temporalis, masseter, and ptyergoids. […] Awake bruxism occurs in 20 percent of the adult population; sleep grinding as reported by a sleep partner is seen in eight percent of the population with female predominance. […] Multiple factors are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of bruxism including abnormal orofacial anatomy/malocclusion, stress/anxiety, medications, and other associated neurologic disorders. […] Bruxism, as an associated symptom, is significantly increased in some disorders of the basal ganglia such as cranio-cervical dystonia and Huntingtons disease. […] Screening questionnaires can be helpful to make sure symptoms are not overlooked. […] Polysomnography with nocturnal electromyographic recordings of the temporalis and masseter muscles can be diagnostic for bruxism and can reveal associated microarousals or sleep stage changes, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and even involuntary leg movements. […] Consider screening for bruxism in all patients seen for head/facial pain and sleep disorders. […] The use of botulinum toxin therapy may be the most important advancement in the treatment of bruxism, and neurologists are well-equipped to provide this service.
  • #62 Top Published Expert Doctors for Sleep Bruxism
    https://www.findexpertmd.com/d/Sleep_Bruxism
    237 top medical experts on Sleep Bruxism across 39 countries and 11 U.S. states, including 40 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Sleep Bruxism: A sleep disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth and forceful lateral or protrusive jaw movements. Sleep bruxism may be associated with tooth injuries; temporomandibular joint disorders; sleep disturbances; and other conditions. […] Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: at least 34 including 1 Active, 16 Completed, 1 Recruiting.
  • #63 Common therapeutic approaches in sleep and awake bruxism — an overview | Matusz | Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
    https://journals.viamedica.pl/neurologia_neurochirurgia_polska/article/view/90495
    This serves to highlight the presence of a correlation between age and incidents of bruxism as epidemiologically variable, which indicates the need for local research to isolate vulnerable groups and implement appropriate preventive measures. […] The pathophysiological mechanism in which stress affects the occurrence of bruxism has been explained by evidence that individuals with increased levels of neuroticism and anxiety disorders tend to release their emotional tension by engaging in activities related to bruxism. […] Bruxism-related TMD can be explained by the craniofacial anatomy. […] Future bruxism research should focus on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition and the impact of its negative and positive clinical factors. […] An equally important aspect is broadening medical professionals knowledge of bruxism, which will help earlier diagnosis and earlier adoption of appropriate treatment.
  • #64 Common therapeutic approaches in sleep and awake bruxism — an overview | Matusz | Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
    https://journals.viamedica.pl/neurologia_neurochirurgia_polska/article/view/90495
    This serves to highlight the presence of a correlation between age and incidents of bruxism as epidemiologically variable, which indicates the need for local research to isolate vulnerable groups and implement appropriate preventive measures. […] The pathophysiological mechanism in which stress affects the occurrence of bruxism has been explained by evidence that individuals with increased levels of neuroticism and anxiety disorders tend to release their emotional tension by engaging in activities related to bruxism. […] Bruxism-related TMD can be explained by the craniofacial anatomy. […] Future bruxism research should focus on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition and the impact of its negative and positive clinical factors. […] An equally important aspect is broadening medical professionals knowledge of bruxism, which will help earlier diagnosis and earlier adoption of appropriate treatment.
  • #65 Common therapeutic approaches in sleep and awake bruxism — an overview | Matusz | Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
    https://journals.viamedica.pl/neurologia_neurochirurgia_polska/article/view/90495
    Bruxism, a common medical condition characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, can occur during sleep, when it is known as sleep bruxism (SB), or during wakefulness, when it is known as awake bruxism (AB). […] The aim of this review was to present the pathophysiology, consequences, types and treatment methods of bruxism in order to increase readers knowledge of this topic. […] We draw attention to the notably dynamic development of bruxism in todays society and the importance of informational and preventive projects, especially those targeted at high-risk patients as well as those targeted at specialists, in order to better tackle the bruxism epidemic. […] It is a behaviour affecting 831.4% of the population, and is more usually encountered in people under the age of 40 and in females.
  • #66 Sleep bruxism aspects of awareness, epidemiology and genetics
    https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/d18d5fd2-232b-42ac-a9d4-18aaefea365f
    Sleep bruxism (SB) is a common phenomenon of tooth grinding, clenching or jaw bracing in sleep with a definition and classification that has evolved throughout the years. The typical oromotor behaviors of SB may have a considerable burden on an individual’s stomatognathic system. […] For this reason, healthcare visits relating to SB form a considerable part of a dentist’s everyday practice, making it clinically highly relevant. […] In addition to these symptomatology-related issues, SB as a sleep-related reflex is associated with to multiple disorders related to sleep and well-being. […] The second study aimed to unravel the genetic underpinnings of SB by using clinically relevant SB cases to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), the first of its kind for SB. […] Previous GWAS studies and electronic health record (EHR) data were combined to assess genetic similarities as well as epidemiological associations with SB comorbidities and sleep disturbances. […] Collectively, it can be stated that SB evaluated through clinical diagnosis is polygenic in nature. […] Overall, genetic factors suggest that SB is connected with biological processes that are partially shared with stress, pain and sleep comorbidities of the disorder.
  • #67 Sleep bruxism aspects of awareness, epidemiology and genetics
    https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/d18d5fd2-232b-42ac-a9d4-18aaefea365f
    Sleep bruxism (SB) is a common phenomenon of tooth grinding, clenching or jaw bracing in sleep with a definition and classification that has evolved throughout the years. The typical oromotor behaviors of SB may have a considerable burden on an individual’s stomatognathic system. […] For this reason, healthcare visits relating to SB form a considerable part of a dentist’s everyday practice, making it clinically highly relevant. […] In addition to these symptomatology-related issues, SB as a sleep-related reflex is associated with to multiple disorders related to sleep and well-being. […] The second study aimed to unravel the genetic underpinnings of SB by using clinically relevant SB cases to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), the first of its kind for SB. […] Previous GWAS studies and electronic health record (EHR) data were combined to assess genetic similarities as well as epidemiological associations with SB comorbidities and sleep disturbances. […] Collectively, it can be stated that SB evaluated through clinical diagnosis is polygenic in nature. […] Overall, genetic factors suggest that SB is connected with biological processes that are partially shared with stress, pain and sleep comorbidities of the disorder.
  • #68 Sleep bruxism aspects of awareness, epidemiology and genetics
    https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/d18d5fd2-232b-42ac-a9d4-18aaefea365f
    Sleep bruxism (SB) is a common phenomenon of tooth grinding, clenching or jaw bracing in sleep with a definition and classification that has evolved throughout the years. The typical oromotor behaviors of SB may have a considerable burden on an individual’s stomatognathic system. […] For this reason, healthcare visits relating to SB form a considerable part of a dentist’s everyday practice, making it clinically highly relevant. […] In addition to these symptomatology-related issues, SB as a sleep-related reflex is associated with to multiple disorders related to sleep and well-being. […] The second study aimed to unravel the genetic underpinnings of SB by using clinically relevant SB cases to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS), the first of its kind for SB. […] Previous GWAS studies and electronic health record (EHR) data were combined to assess genetic similarities as well as epidemiological associations with SB comorbidities and sleep disturbances. […] Collectively, it can be stated that SB evaluated through clinical diagnosis is polygenic in nature. […] Overall, genetic factors suggest that SB is connected with biological processes that are partially shared with stress, pain and sleep comorbidities of the disorder.