Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Exercise headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. Primary exercise headaches are usually harmless, aren’t connected to any underlying problems and can often be prevented with medication. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. Secondary exercise headaches may require emergency medical attention. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. Call your provider right away if the headache begins abruptly or if it’s your first headache of this type. […] The exact cause of primary exercise headaches is unknown. One theory is that strenuous exercise dilates blood vessels inside the skull.

• #1 4.2 Primary exercise headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-2-primary-exercise-headache/

  4.2 Primary exercise headache occurs particularly in hot weather or at high altitude. Headache precipitated by any form of exercise in the absence of any intracranial disorder. Diagnostic criteria: At least two headache episodes fulfilling criteria B and C […] Brought on by and occurring only during or after strenuous physical exercise. Lasting <48 hours. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. Symptomatic cases occur. On first occurrence of headache with these characteristics, it is mandatory to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage, arterial dissection and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying 4.2 Primary exercise headache are unknown. Most investigators believe it is vascular in origin, hypothesizing that venous or arterial distension, secondary to physical exercise, is the pain-inducing mechanism. The recent finding that patients with 4.2 Primary exercise headache have a significantly higher prevalence of internal jugular venous valve incompetence (70% compared with 20% of controls) suggests that intracranial venous congestion caused by retrograde jugular venous flow may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

• #1 4.2.1 Probable primary exercise headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-2-primary-exercise-headache/4-2-1-probable-primary-exercise-headache/

  4.2.1 Probable primary exercise headache […] Diagnostic criteria: […] 1. Either of the following: […] a single headache episode fulfilling criteria B and C […] at least two headache episodes fulfilling criterion B but not criterion C […] 2. Brought on by and occurring only during or after strenuous physical exercise […] 3. Lasting <48 hours [...] 4. Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache disorder [...] 5. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.

• #1 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. […] This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. […] The International Classification of headache disorders 3rd edition defines PEH as patients having at least two headache episodes that last less than 48 h and precipitated by or during strenuous exercise and must also not be better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] While PEH is often a benign diagnosis, secondary etiologies like reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cervical artery dissection, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cardiac cephalgia, and pheochromocytoma may present with a similar phenotype.

• #1 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  Primary exercise headache is a rare syndrome where headache can be induced during or after physical exertion. […] It is imperative to investigate for secondary causes. […] Primary exercise headache is a diagnosis of exclusion. Headache induced by exertion is a red flag and imaging is necessary to rule out secondary causes. […] The ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for primary exercise headache are detailed in Table 1. […] An adequate history will usually reveal the diagnosis of primary exercise headache, but patients with mass lesions, structural malformations, and vascular malformations can also have headaches with exertion. […] The diagnosis of primary exercise headache can be made only after a thorough examination to rule out intracranial disease or structural malformation. […] Investigation for a secondary cause should commence with MRI brain and MR angiogram.

• #1 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  About one third of cases of headache precipitated by exercise are secondary to an underlying pathology and include primary brain tumor, metastatic disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured aneurysms. […] Therefore, an MRI examination is usually required to evaluate patients with exercise headache.

• #1 Sport and exercise headache: Part 2. Diagnosis and classification – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7921916/

  A group of 129 subjects (67 men and 62 women) experiencing sports headache was established using a questionnaire. A wide range of information was gathered, focusing on the mode of onset, time course, characteristic features and associated symptoms of sports-related headache. Criteria for the varieties of sports headaches were established using head trauma and then migraine to divide subgroups of sports headaches. Cases were classified into four categories: effort migraine, trauma-triggered migraine, effort-exertion headache, and post-traumatic headache. The percentages of each sports-related headache found were: effort migraine 9%, trauma-triggered migraine 6%, effort-exertion headache 60%, post-traumatic headache 22% and miscellaneous 3%. Sports migraine accounted for 15% of the total sports headache sample. Effort-exertion headache was the most common type of sports headache. […] Trauma-related headaches were experienced mainly by men in contact sports, while women more commonly had non-trauma-related headache in running and jogging.

• #1 Exercise headaches – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372280

  Your provider will likely recommend an imaging test, especially if: […] In these cases, different types of imaging tests can help your provider verify that you have the harmless variety of exercise headache, rather than the type caused by a structural or vascular irregularity. […] Sometimes a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) is needed as well, especially if the headache started abruptly and very recently and brain imaging appears normal. […] If no underlying structural or vascular problem is causing your exercise headaches, your provider may recommend medications to take regularly to help prevent the headaches. […] If your exercise headaches are predictable, you may be able to take a medication an hour or two before a scheduled event, such as a tennis match or a hike at high altitude. If your exercise headaches are frequent or unpredictable, you might need to take the preventive medicine every day. […] Your provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as: […] Have you had other kinds of headaches? Describe them. […] What, if anything, seems to help your headaches? […] What, if anything, makes your headaches worse?

• #1 Exertion headaches | LloydsPharmacy Online Doctor UK

  https://onlinedoctor.lloydspharmacy.com/uk/lifestyle-advice/exertion-headaches

  If youre experiencing regular headaches after exercise, or if you start getting headaches at other times of the day, it’s a good idea to speak with your doctor. […] Diagnosing exertion headaches can be difficult, as they only occur after exercise or overexertion. Most of the diagnosis will be based on a straightforward chat with your doctor. […] The general process for diagnosing exertion headaches is: Medical history review: your doctor will ask about your health history, including any previous headaches and your exercise habits. […] If youre experiencing regular headaches, they’re getting more severe, or are happening at random, this could be a sign that you have another medical condition which needs to be treated first. […] Getting a proper diagnosis is key to managing headaches effectively, as the right steps to take can differ depending on the type.

• #1 Secondary Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/secondary-headaches

  To diagnose you, the doctor will first ask you lots of questions. Then theyll check your vital signs. This includes your blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and weight. Theyll also look into your eyes. Next, theyll do a neurological exam of your head, neck, and nervous system. Theyll also look to see if your muscles are strong and reflexes are normal. […] Your doctor might also do: […] Imaging tests: They might include: […] Other tests may include bloodwork to rule out other conditions or a spinal tap to look for signs of infection or bleeding around your brain.

• #1 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  A detailed history and physical examination can distinguish between key features of a benign primary headache and concerning symptoms that warrant further evaluation for a secondary headache. […] Evaluating acute headaches using a systematic framework such as the SNNOOP10 mnemonic can help detect life-threatening secondary causes of headaches. […] Red flag signs or symptoms such as acute thunderclap headache, fever, meningeal irritation on physical examination, papilledema with focal neurologic signs, impaired consciousness, and concern for acute glaucoma warrant immediate evaluation. […] For emergent evaluations, noncontrast computed tomography of the head is recommended to exclude acute intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture is also needed to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage if the scan result is normal.

• #1 Exercise headaches

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372261

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. […] Your provider will likely recommend an imaging test, especially if: Your headaches last more than a few hours, Your headaches strike suddenly, like a thunderclap, You’re older than age 40, You have other signs and symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting or vision disturbances. […] In these cases, different types of imaging tests can help your provider verify that you have the harmless variety of exercise headache, rather than the type caused by a structural or vascular irregularity.

• #1 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  Certain positive results on the SNNOOP10 mnemonic warrant an emergent evaluation; others may need to be addressed urgently, within hours or days. […] Immediate evaluation is necessary for acute thunderclap headache because of its high pretest probability (greater than 40%) for serious intracranial pathology such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Primary headache onset after 50 years of age is uncommon, and onset after 65 years of age carries a high risk of a serious secondary etiology. […] In patients older than 50 years, giant cell arteritis must be considered. […] Neuroimaging and an additional evaluation may be necessary to exclude life-threatening causes of headaches when red flags are present. […] For emergent evaluations of headache, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head is sensitive enough to exclude a new intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture must follow a reassuring CT scan to sufficiently exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast is the preferred method for evaluating headaches with other concerning features.

• #1 Headache: Diagnosis & Treatment – Neurology and Neurosurgery | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/headache/treatment

  Eye exams. Certain eye disorders or eye problems may be an underlying cause of headaches […] Spinal tap. The fluid that surrounds your spine and brain may be tested around the low back if you have a headache condition that is caused by high pressure or infection […] Blood tests. Certain tests may be performed to look for infection or inflammation.

• #1 Exertion Headaches (Exercise Headaches): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21959-exertion-headaches

  Exertion headaches, often called exercise headaches, involve pain during or after physical activity. […] Most exertional headaches aren’t caused by an underlying disease or disorder. But a healthcare provider may order some tests to rule out possible causes: […] If tests don’t find an underlying cause, the healthcare provider can diagnose exertion headaches if you have had at least two headaches that: […] Exertional headaches usually can be treated the same way as regular headaches. […] The best way to prevent exercise-induced headaches is to avoid the activity that triggers them. […] Although exertional headaches are generally not a sign of a problem, you should talk to a healthcare provider if: […] Exertion headaches involve pain during or immediately after physical activity. They come on quickly and go away in a few minutes or hours, perhaps as long as a couple of days. There’s usually no underlying disease or disorder, but you should talk to a healthcare provider to rule out any problems.

• #1 Exercise and Migraine: What You Should Know if You Get Headaches After Working Out | Cove – Cove

  https://www.withcove.com/learn/exercise-headache-migraine?srsltid=AfmBOoqUuQ4Cu3UAHv7CidP3oNSRj2lfkYRt2vkfT7sgqkx08y11_fWg

  A second type of headache associated with physical activity called a secondary exertional headache, however, is a more serious issue, Dr. Bain warns. […] If your headaches are new or different than usual, or if they last longer than an hour or two, Dr. Bain recommends talking to a doctor, especially if you’re over 40 years old. […] If you notice headaches consistently with one type of exercise, Dr. Bain recommends switching to another type of workout. […] It’s impossible to completely avoid all types of fitness that spark migraine pain, as there’s no real way to predict which exercise routines will negatively affect you. […] Staying well hydrated, making sure that you have eaten before exercising especially food that has a lot of protein in it and taking it easy the first few days that you are at a higher altitude can lessen the chance that you will get a headache, Dr. Bain says. […] If you do experience exertion headaches, Dr. Bain encourages individuals to use trial-and-error and the guidance of a medical professional! to find the workout that works for you.

• #1 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  For less urgent cases, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is preferred for evaluating headaches with concerning features. […] Patients with headache and red flags (acute thunderclap headache, fever with meningeal irritation on physical examination, papilledema with focal neurologic signs or impaired consciousness, concern for acute glaucoma) in their history or physical examination warrant further investigation for secondary causes of headache. […] Patients with stable primary headache disorders (i.e., no red flags and normal neurologic examination) do not need neuroimaging. […] Migraine headache is classically underdiagnosed. Patients for whom a diagnosis of migraine should be considered include those with recurring sinus headaches or recurrent severe headaches with a normal neurologic examination.

• #1 What Should You Know About Exertion and Exercise Headaches? – Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/exertion-headache/

  In addition to all of the good things that come with it, for some people exertion also unfortunately brings a completely unwanted result: headache. […] There are a couple of types of headache disorders that may be considered exertional headaches. One is what’s now called primary exercise headache, but used to be commonly referred to as exertional headache. Primary exercise headache is a headache that’s brought on by and occurs only during or after strenuous exercise. […] But a migraine attack can also be brought on or exacerbated by exercise, particularly in people with chronic migraine. […] Primary exercise headache tends to be very responsive to indomethacin. […] Headache specialists also find that primary exercise headache often occurs when someone has not been exercising regularly and then begins exercising again.

• #1 Hard-to-Diagnose Headache: Practical Tips for Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0515/p672.html

  The challenge for physicians is to be aware of the red flag symptoms that identify dangerous headaches, and be able to diagnose and treat a headache that has no focal neurologic abnormalities or warning signs, or is a new, different, persistent, or concerning headache. […] A detailed history is key in the diagnosis of this condition. Many patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage have had milder sentinel or warning headaches in the previous two weeks. […] Accurate diagnosis may expand the number of treatment options (e.g., oxygen therapy for cluster headaches). […] Advise patients to keep a headache diary. […] Engage the patient in a thorough investigation of possible headache etiologies and triggers. […] A transdisciplinary team approach, including cognitive behavior training, progressive relaxation, exercise, education, biofeedback, psychology, and neurology, is more effective than management by a single physician.

• #1 Exertional Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/exertional-headache

  What is an exertional headache? Exertional headaches are headaches triggered by some type of physical activity. The types of activity that cause them vary from person to person, but include: strenuous exercise, coughing, sexual activity. Doctors divide exertional headaches into two categories, depending on their cause: Primary exertional headache. This type is brought on solely by physical activity and is usually harmless. Secondary exertional headache. This type is brought on by physical activity due to an underlying condition, such as a tumor or coronary artery disease. […] How is it diagnosed? To diagnose an exertional headache, your doctor will likely start by asking about your symptoms and the kinds of things that tend to cause them. Make sure to tell them about any specific activities that seem to give you a headache. Depending on your symptoms and medical history, they might also use some imaging tests to check for an underlying issue. Imaging tests used to diagnose exertional headaches include: CT scan to check for recent bleeding in or around the brain, MRI scan to view the structures within your brain, magnetic resonance angiography and CT angiography to see the blood vessels leading into your brain, spinal tap to measure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.

• #1 Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/23/2/10.31083/j.jin2302043/htm

  In the initial assessment of a headache patient, several dangerous secondary etiologies must be considered. A thorough history and physical examination, along with a comprehensive differential diagnosis may alert a physician to the diagnosis of a secondary headache particularly when it is accompanied by certain clinical features. Evaluation and workup include a complete neurological examination, consideration of neuroimaging, and serum/spinal fluid analysis if indicated. […] Headache diagnosis is made following careful collection of the clinical history and physical examination, to identify “red flags” of secondary headaches and intervene expeditiously or initiate conservative treatment of primary headaches. […] Patients presenting with headaches need to be screened for primary vs secondary etiologies. Optimal diagnostic strategies to identify headaches requiring immediate intervention include historical information, physical examination findings, demographic data, social history, and family history.

• #1 Exertion Headaches: When Strenuous Exercise Causes Headaches | livestrong

  https://www.livestrong.com/article/4867330-exertion-headaches-a-pain-but-probably-not-dangerous/

  It’s probably an exertion headache, also called an exercise headache. These uncommon headaches come on during exercise and may last a short time or as long as two days, according to Sarah Vollbracht, MD, a neurologist and headache specialist with NewYork-Presbyterian Medical Group Westchester in Eastchester, New York. […] The good news is that most headaches that start during exercise or other types of strenuous exertion usually aren’t caused by a serious health condition, according to the American Migraine Foundation. […] It may be hard to know whether your headache is worrisome without seeing a doctor. Dr. Vollbracht says if it’s the first time you’ve gotten a headache during or right after exercise, call your doctor’s office right away. Your doctor may order an imaging test, such as an MRI or CT scan, to rule out a dangerous underlying cause.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/uncommon__group_4_0__primary_headaches__less.21.aspx

  The headache disorders included under group 4.0 in ICHD-3 are uncommon, heterogeneous entities, which may pose diagnostic and management challenges to the physicians. The diagnosis may be missed owing to a lack of familiarity. […] The entities included under group 4.0 of The International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition (ICHD-3) are easy to recognize if one is aware of their distinctive features. […] It is, therefore, imperative that they are investigated thoroughly with appropriate imaging and/or diagnostic testing. […] It is mandatory to exclude underlying secondary causes and also differentiate it from a migraine that is triggered by or worsened by exercise. […] All thunderclap headaches or sudden onset, severe headaches must be presumed secondary and will need urgent investigation.

• #1 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Investigations of secondary pathologies that may also worsen with exertion or manifest in a temporal manner, including cerebrovascular and cardiac etiologies, should be evaluated before diagnosis. […] Patients that fail to respond with beta-blockade or indomethacin should warrant reassessment for secondary causes.

• #2 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. […] This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. […] The International Classification of headache disorders 3rd edition defines PEH as patients having at least two headache episodes that last less than 48 h and precipitated by or during strenuous exercise and must also not be better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] While PEH is often a benign diagnosis, secondary etiologies like reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cervical artery dissection, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cardiac cephalgia, and pheochromocytoma may present with a similar phenotype.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. […] The International Classification of headache disorders 3rd edition defines PEH as patients having at least two headache episodes that last less than 48 h and precipitated by or during strenuous exercise and must also not be better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] Investigations of secondary pathologies that may also worsen with exertion or manifest in a temporal manner, including cerebrovascular and cardiac etiologies, should be evaluated before diagnosis. Patients that fail to respond with beta-blockade or indomethacin should warrant reassessment for secondary causes.

• #2 Primary Exercise Headache – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/primary-exercise-headache

  Primary Exercise Headache may be described as an uncommon form of primary headache disorder that occurs from strenuous physical exercise of any form; the often pulsating headaches may arise during or following the exercise activity. […] In order to be termed Primary Exercise Headache, there should be no physical health condition involving the brain such as a tumor/cyst, blood clot, neurological condition, or mental health disorder. […] The criteria for diagnosis of Primary Exercise Headache as outlined by the International Headache Society (IHS) is given below: At least two headache episodes fulfilling the criteria below. […] Brought on by and occurring only during or after strenuous physical exercise. […] Lasting less than 48 hours. […] Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.

• #2 Primary Exercise Headache – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/primary-exercise-headache

  Differential diagnosis to exclude the following conditions is very important prior to arriving at a diagnosis of Primary Exercise Headache: Cerebral arterial dissection, Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), Subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Note: When the signs and symptoms does not fulfill all the diagnostic criteria outlined for Primary Exercise Headache as recognized by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), it is defined as Probable Primary Exercise Headache.

• #2 Exercise headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. Primary exercise headaches are usually harmless, aren’t connected to any underlying problems and can often be prevented with medication. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. Secondary exercise headaches may require emergency medical attention. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. Call your provider right away if the headache begins abruptly or if it’s your first headache of this type. […] The exact cause of primary exercise headaches is unknown. One theory is that strenuous exercise dilates blood vessels inside the skull.

• #2 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  About one third of cases of headache precipitated by exercise are secondary to an underlying pathology and include primary brain tumor, metastatic disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured aneurysms. […] Therefore, an MRI examination is usually required to evaluate patients with exercise headache.

• #2 Sport and exercise headache: Part 2. Diagnosis and classification. | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/28/2/96

  A group of 129 subjects (67 men and 62 women) experiencing sports headache was established using a questionnaire. A wide range of information was gathered, focusing on the mode of onset, time course, characteristic features and associated symptoms of sports-related headache. Criteria for the varieties of sports headaches were established using head trauma and then migraine to divide subgroups of sports headaches. Cases were classified into four categories: effort migraine, trauma-triggered migraine, effort-exertion headache, and post-traumatic headache. […] Sports migraine accounted for 15% of the total sports headache sample. Effort-exertion headache was the most common type of sports headache. Although effort-exertion headache could be separated into subjects who had an acute severe headache induced by anaerobic exercise (exertion headache) from those having a substantial headache lasting hours initiated by aerobic exercise (effort headache), most subjects with effort-exertion headache in this study appeared not to fall into any discrete subgroups. Trauma-related headaches were experienced mainly by men in contact sports, while women more commonly had non-trauma-related headache in running and jogging.

• #2 Secondary Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/secondary-headaches

  To diagnose you, the doctor will first ask you lots of questions. Then theyll check your vital signs. This includes your blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and weight. Theyll also look into your eyes. Next, theyll do a neurological exam of your head, neck, and nervous system. Theyll also look to see if your muscles are strong and reflexes are normal. […] Your doctor might also do: […] Imaging tests: They might include: […] Other tests may include bloodwork to rule out other conditions or a spinal tap to look for signs of infection or bleeding around your brain.

• #2

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/exertion-headache/diagnosis-treatment

  How is an exertion headache diagnosed? […] Thorough medical history review and physical examination. Be prepared to describe your headaches in detail, including frequency, location, severity, duration, and any accompanying symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or light sensitivity. […] Imaging studies or blood tests may be ordered to rule out other possible causes of headaches, particularly if there are concerning symptoms or a history of head injury.

• #2

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/exercise-headaches/

  Exercise headaches, also known as exertional headaches, are headaches that occur during or after physical exertion. […] If you’re encountering Exercise-induced headaches or have risk factors, consulting with a Neurologist is crucial for proper evaluation and management. […] The diagnosis of exercise headaches involves a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to rule out underlying medical conditions and determine the appropriate course of treatment. […] The healthcare provider will take a detailed medical history, including a description of the headaches, their frequency, duration, and any associated symptoms. […] A physical examination will be conducted to assess neurological function, blood pressure, and other relevant factors. […] Depending on the suspected cause, additional tests may be ordered.

• #2 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  For less urgent cases, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is preferred for evaluating headaches with concerning features. […] Patients with headache and red flags (acute thunderclap headache, fever with meningeal irritation on physical examination, papilledema with focal neurologic signs or impaired consciousness, concern for acute glaucoma) in their history or physical examination warrant further investigation for secondary causes of headache. […] Patients with stable primary headache disorders (i.e., no red flags and normal neurologic examination) do not need neuroimaging. […] Migraine headache is classically underdiagnosed. Patients for whom a diagnosis of migraine should be considered include those with recurring sinus headaches or recurrent severe headaches with a normal neurologic examination.

• #2 Exercise headaches

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372261

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. […] Your provider will likely recommend an imaging test, especially if: Your headaches last more than a few hours, Your headaches strike suddenly, like a thunderclap, You’re older than age 40, You have other signs and symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting or vision disturbances. […] In these cases, different types of imaging tests can help your provider verify that you have the harmless variety of exercise headache, rather than the type caused by a structural or vascular irregularity.

• #2 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  Primary exercise headache is a rare syndrome where headache can be induced during or after physical exertion. […] It is imperative to investigate for secondary causes. […] Primary exercise headache is a diagnosis of exclusion. Headache induced by exertion is a red flag and imaging is necessary to rule out secondary causes. […] The ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for primary exercise headache are detailed in Table 1. […] An adequate history will usually reveal the diagnosis of primary exercise headache, but patients with mass lesions, structural malformations, and vascular malformations can also have headaches with exertion. […] The diagnosis of primary exercise headache can be made only after a thorough examination to rule out intracranial disease or structural malformation. […] Investigation for a secondary cause should commence with MRI brain and MR angiogram.

• #2 Exertional Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/exertional-headache

  What is an exertional headache? Exertional headaches are headaches triggered by some type of physical activity. The types of activity that cause them vary from person to person, but include: strenuous exercise, coughing, sexual activity. Doctors divide exertional headaches into two categories, depending on their cause: Primary exertional headache. This type is brought on solely by physical activity and is usually harmless. Secondary exertional headache. This type is brought on by physical activity due to an underlying condition, such as a tumor or coronary artery disease. […] How is it diagnosed? To diagnose an exertional headache, your doctor will likely start by asking about your symptoms and the kinds of things that tend to cause them. Make sure to tell them about any specific activities that seem to give you a headache. Depending on your symptoms and medical history, they might also use some imaging tests to check for an underlying issue. Imaging tests used to diagnose exertional headaches include: CT scan to check for recent bleeding in or around the brain, MRI scan to view the structures within your brain, magnetic resonance angiography and CT angiography to see the blood vessels leading into your brain, spinal tap to measure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.

• #2 Exercise headaches

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372261

  Sometimes a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) is needed as well, especially if the headache started abruptly and very recently and brain imaging appears normal. […] If no underlying structural or vascular problem is causing your exercise headaches, your provider may recommend medications to take regularly to help prevent the headaches. […] If your exercise headaches are predictable, you may be able to take a medication an hour or two before a scheduled event, such as a tennis match or a hike at high altitude.

• #2 Headache: Diagnosis & Treatment – Neurology and Neurosurgery | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/headache/treatment

  Eye exams. Certain eye disorders or eye problems may be an underlying cause of headaches […] Spinal tap. The fluid that surrounds your spine and brain may be tested around the low back if you have a headache condition that is caused by high pressure or infection […] Blood tests. Certain tests may be performed to look for infection or inflammation.

• #2 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  A detailed history and physical examination can distinguish between key features of a benign primary headache and concerning symptoms that warrant further evaluation for a secondary headache. […] Evaluating acute headaches using a systematic framework such as the SNNOOP10 mnemonic can help detect life-threatening secondary causes of headaches. […] Red flag signs or symptoms such as acute thunderclap headache, fever, meningeal irritation on physical examination, papilledema with focal neurologic signs, impaired consciousness, and concern for acute glaucoma warrant immediate evaluation. […] For emergent evaluations, noncontrast computed tomography of the head is recommended to exclude acute intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture is also needed to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage if the scan result is normal.

• #2 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  Certain positive results on the SNNOOP10 mnemonic warrant an emergent evaluation; others may need to be addressed urgently, within hours or days. […] Immediate evaluation is necessary for acute thunderclap headache because of its high pretest probability (greater than 40%) for serious intracranial pathology such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Primary headache onset after 50 years of age is uncommon, and onset after 65 years of age carries a high risk of a serious secondary etiology. […] In patients older than 50 years, giant cell arteritis must be considered. […] Neuroimaging and an additional evaluation may be necessary to exclude life-threatening causes of headaches when red flags are present. […] For emergent evaluations of headache, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head is sensitive enough to exclude a new intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture must follow a reassuring CT scan to sufficiently exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast is the preferred method for evaluating headaches with other concerning features.

• #2 Migraine Headache Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-differential

  When headache is episodic and recurrent and follows a well-established pattern, the patient likely has a primary headache disorder (ie, headaches with no organic or structural etiology). Differentiating migraine from other primary headaches (eg, muscle contraction tension headache, cluster headache) is important, as optimal treatment may differ. […] Migraine may also may simulate or be simulated by secondary headache disorders or coexist with a secondary headache disorder. Any of the following features suggest a secondary headache disorder and warrant further investigation: […] Exertional headaches are precipitated by strenuous activity (eg, running, coughing, sneezing, Valsalva maneuver) and build in intensity over minutes. They are particularly common in patients who have an inherited susceptibility to migraine.

• #2 Headache After Workout: 5 Causes & Treatments | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/exercise-headache

  Exercise headachesthe aching-but-not-migraine headaches that are brought on by your workoutsare known as primary exertional headaches. You can get the headache after your workout or even during your session, whether were talking strength or cardio, high intensity or low intensity. A study published in Cephalalgia of about 1,800 people from Norway found about 12% of participants had experienced an exercise headache at least once in their life. Exercise headaches typically mean pulsating pain that occurs on both sides of your head, and can last anywhere from five minutes to 48 hours, according to a review of headache types published in the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports. […] If you tried the tweaks above and arent finding relief, your headaches continue to persist for more than a few weeks, and youre popping pain relievers regularlywhich could be leading to rebound headachesDr. Reed suggests making an appointment with your doctor, especially if the headaches are getting progressively worse. That headache log youve kept, along with the tweaks youve made to try to help, will be very helpful to your doctor in evaluating your headache.

• #2

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/exertion-headache/symptoms-causes

  An exertion headache, also known as an „exercise headache,” is a type of headache that occurs during or after physical exertion or strenuous activity. […] Exertion headaches are primarily classified into two types: […] Primary exertion headache: This type of headache occurs solely during or after physical exertion and is not associated with any underlying medical condition. […] Secondary exertional headache: Secondary exertional headaches may have an underlying cause such as coronary heart disease or a structural abnormality in the brain, such as brain tumours. These headaches often require further medical evaluation and treatment. […] Medical attention should be sought if: […] Exertion headaches are severe or persistent […] Headaches are accompanied by neurological symptoms such as confusion, weakness, vision changes, numbness or loss of consciousness

• #2 Types of Headaches: Proper Diagnosis & Management Without Medication

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/physiotherapy/types-of-headaches/

  Did you know that there are six types of headaches with different characteristics, aggravating factors and symptoms? […] In order to address the headache appropriately, an appropriate diagnosis must occur and next steps or strategies can be formulated. […] Registered physiotherapists can assess and diagnose certain types of headaches, including tension headaches and cervicogenic headaches. […] Although a registered physiotherapist cannot diagnose a concussion, they will be able to help you along with the intensity and frequency of the headaches you experience from the concussion, which would be considered a secondary headache. […] With any type of headache, if the symptoms are severe and unrelenting, the registered physiotherapist may suggest you return to your family physician to obtain a referral for a neurologist or another specialist.

• #2 Hard-to-Diagnose Headache: Practical Tips for Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/0515/p672.html

  Close follow-up is needed to maintain patient trust as diagnostic, behavioral, and pharmacologic therapies are explored. […] The difficult-to-diagnose headache can be a source of frustration to the patient and physician. A stepwise individualized approach that includes thorough diagnosis, applies underutilized but proven treatments, and explores nonpharmacologic approaches in partnership with the patient, can help the physician and patient feel more empowered.

• #2 Headache Disorders: Differentiating Primary and Secondary Etiologies

  https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/23/2/10.31083/j.jin2302043/htm

  Although most individuals are affected by primary headaches, the first mandatory step in the examination is the exclusion of secondary forms, considering the high risk to the patient’s life in most of them. […] The presence of acute-onset headaches should prompt at least a consideration of SAH. […] When clinical suspicion for SAH has been established, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) is the first diagnostic tool. […] The gold standard for diagnosis is in the form of imaging, namely CT. […] The diagnosis of GCA is made primarily on clinical presentation and is supported by laboratory evidence of an acute phase reaction (such as elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate). […] Headaches may rarely be indicative of a developing tumor. […] When evaluating 111 patients with brain tumors, 17% reported severe morning headaches. […] A diagnosis of exertion headache can be made with history; however, due to the acuity of the pain, most patients present in emergency settings. […] The severity of the pain is variable but tends to be bilateral.

• #2

  https://healthmatch.io/migraine/exercise-induced-migraine

  An exertional headache is brought on by physical activity. This usually means strenuous exercise, but some get exertional headaches from sexual activity or coughing. These seem to be caused by similar factors. […] Exertional headaches are split into two categories. […] You should always see your doctor for exertional headaches, especially if they have only started recently. Your doctor can eliminate dangerous underlying conditions. This includes if you have migraines. […] A doctor can help with exertional headaches by looking for underlying symptoms and providing tips on coping. […] If you have exertional headaches, your doctor will order a series of tests to identify or eliminate potential underlying conditions that might cause them. […] If the condition is resolved, the headaches will go away.

• #2 Types of Imaging Tests for Common Headache Disorders

  https://www.healthimages.com/imaging-tests-for-headaches/

  When chronic headaches begin to interfere with your life, it may be time to seek an imaging test to rule out certain conditions and help your doctor make a diagnosis. […] If your doctor is unable to accurately diagnose your chronic headaches or migraines, they might order headache imaging tests. […] CT scans are recommended for those with medical implants. […] Doctors do not usually order headache imaging unless you meet one or more of these criteria: […] Headaches triggered by exercise, going to the bathroom, coughing or sneezing. […] If you are experiencing what seems like undue worry or fear about the quantity and intensity of your headaches, thats a good reason to seek headache imaging as well.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/uncommon__group_4_0__primary_headaches__less.21.aspx

  If after an exhaustive search with sophisticated imaging investigational methods, and CSF examination, one is unable to pinpoint or identify an underlying cause, one is justified in labeling it as a primary thunderclap headache. […] Diagnosis is not difficult once you rule out an underlying symptomatic cause.

• #3 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  Primary exercise headache is a rare syndrome where headache can be induced during or after physical exertion. […] It is imperative to investigate for secondary causes. […] Primary exercise headache is a diagnosis of exclusion. Headache induced by exertion is a red flag and imaging is necessary to rule out secondary causes. […] The ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for primary exercise headache are detailed in Table 1. […] An adequate history will usually reveal the diagnosis of primary exercise headache, but patients with mass lesions, structural malformations, and vascular malformations can also have headaches with exertion. […] The diagnosis of primary exercise headache can be made only after a thorough examination to rule out intracranial disease or structural malformation. […] Investigation for a secondary cause should commence with MRI brain and MR angiogram.

• #3 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. […] This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. […] The International Classification of headache disorders 3rd edition defines PEH as patients having at least two headache episodes that last less than 48 h and precipitated by or during strenuous exercise and must also not be better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis. […] While PEH is often a benign diagnosis, secondary etiologies like reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cervical artery dissection, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cardiac cephalgia, and pheochromocytoma may present with a similar phenotype.

• #3 Secondary Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/secondary-headaches

  To diagnose you, the doctor will first ask you lots of questions. Then theyll check your vital signs. This includes your blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and weight. Theyll also look into your eyes. Next, theyll do a neurological exam of your head, neck, and nervous system. Theyll also look to see if your muscles are strong and reflexes are normal. […] Your doctor might also do: […] Imaging tests: They might include: […] Other tests may include bloodwork to rule out other conditions or a spinal tap to look for signs of infection or bleeding around your brain.

• #3 Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/acute-headache-adults.html

  Certain positive results on the SNNOOP10 mnemonic warrant an emergent evaluation; others may need to be addressed urgently, within hours or days. […] Immediate evaluation is necessary for acute thunderclap headache because of its high pretest probability (greater than 40%) for serious intracranial pathology such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Primary headache onset after 50 years of age is uncommon, and onset after 65 years of age carries a high risk of a serious secondary etiology. […] In patients older than 50 years, giant cell arteritis must be considered. […] Neuroimaging and an additional evaluation may be necessary to exclude life-threatening causes of headaches when red flags are present. […] For emergent evaluations of headache, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head is sensitive enough to exclude a new intracranial hemorrhage or mass effect. […] A lumbar puncture must follow a reassuring CT scan to sufficiently exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage. […] Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast is the preferred method for evaluating headaches with other concerning features.

• #3 Exertional Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/exertional-headache

  What is an exertional headache? Exertional headaches are headaches triggered by some type of physical activity. The types of activity that cause them vary from person to person, but include: strenuous exercise, coughing, sexual activity. Doctors divide exertional headaches into two categories, depending on their cause: Primary exertional headache. This type is brought on solely by physical activity and is usually harmless. Secondary exertional headache. This type is brought on by physical activity due to an underlying condition, such as a tumor or coronary artery disease. […] How is it diagnosed? To diagnose an exertional headache, your doctor will likely start by asking about your symptoms and the kinds of things that tend to cause them. Make sure to tell them about any specific activities that seem to give you a headache. Depending on your symptoms and medical history, they might also use some imaging tests to check for an underlying issue. Imaging tests used to diagnose exertional headaches include: CT scan to check for recent bleeding in or around the brain, MRI scan to view the structures within your brain, magnetic resonance angiography and CT angiography to see the blood vessels leading into your brain, spinal tap to measure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.

• #3 Headache: Diagnosis & Treatment – Neurology and Neurosurgery | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/headache/treatment

  How are Headaches Diagnosed? Diagnosis Often headaches are diagnosed by a healthcare provider who completes a comprehensive medical evaluation, which includes asking about the details of your headaches and other medical conditions. Your doctor may ask a series of questions to better understand your headache patterns and triggers to identify or rule out specific causes or types of headaches. After the initial consultation, your headache doctor may perform tests, including bloodwork and a brain scan if needed. Tests may depend upon your reported headaches symptoms. Diagnostic tests and methods may include: CT scans. Imaging of the brain may be used to rule out a head injury, tumors, blood clots, or bleeding for severe headaches […] MRI. This is the most common scan used for headaches to assess if there are any underlying causes or conditions separate from migraine or other genetic headache disorders

• #3 Headache associated with exercise – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/other-headache-disorders/headache-associated-with-exercise/

  Two types of headache associated with exercise […] While migraine is common and exercise as a trigger for a migraine attack is also common, there are important headache syndromes associated with exercise which should be investigated and require specific treatment. Two specific headache syndromes associated with exercise are described below. […] Primary Exercise Headache is not dangerous. However, more serious causes of headache associated with exercise should be excluded. […] An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important first step in the diagnosis. […] It’s important to identify cardiac cephalalgia so the underlying heart disease can be managed. It also means that migraine specific treatments such as triptans can be avoided.

• #3 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Investigations of secondary pathologies that may also worsen with exertion or manifest in a temporal manner, including cerebrovascular and cardiac etiologies, should be evaluated before diagnosis. […] Patients that fail to respond with beta-blockade or indomethacin should warrant reassessment for secondary causes.

• #3 Primary Exercise Headache | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/primary-exercise-headache/

  People who have exercise-induced headaches may also be evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors to rule out heart disease as a cause for their headaches (cardiac cephalalgia). […] Although long-term studies of primary exercise headache are very limited, most cases tend to improve and resolve on their own. […] Your doctor may recommend modifying your exercise regimen and trying certain preventive or acute treatments to help manage primary exercise headache. […] Indomethacin may be taken 30-60 minutes before exercise to prevent primary exercise headache. […] Beta-blockers such as nadolol, atenolol and propranolol have also been reported to be effective for preventing primary exercise headache, and are reasonable options for people who cannot take indomethacin.

• #3 Exercise headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276

  Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying problem, such as: Bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin membranes that cover the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage). […] You may be at greater risk of exercise headaches if you: Exercise in hot weather. […] Exercise headaches tend to occur more often when the weather is hot and humid, or if you’re exercising at high altitudes. […] A warm-up prior to strenuous exercise also can help prevent exercise headaches.

• #3 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  About one third of cases of headache precipitated by exercise are secondary to an underlying pathology and include primary brain tumor, metastatic disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured aneurysms. […] Therefore, an MRI examination is usually required to evaluate patients with exercise headache.

• #3 Types of Headaches: Proper Diagnosis & Management Without Medication

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/physiotherapy/types-of-headaches/

  Did you know that there are six types of headaches with different characteristics, aggravating factors and symptoms? […] In order to address the headache appropriately, an appropriate diagnosis must occur and next steps or strategies can be formulated. […] Registered physiotherapists can assess and diagnose certain types of headaches, including tension headaches and cervicogenic headaches. […] Although a registered physiotherapist cannot diagnose a concussion, they will be able to help you along with the intensity and frequency of the headaches you experience from the concussion, which would be considered a secondary headache. […] With any type of headache, if the symptoms are severe and unrelenting, the registered physiotherapist may suggest you return to your family physician to obtain a referral for a neurologist or another specialist.

• #4 Primary Exercise Headache | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/primary-exercise-headache/

  People who have exercise-induced headaches may also be evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors to rule out heart disease as a cause for their headaches (cardiac cephalalgia). […] Although long-term studies of primary exercise headache are very limited, most cases tend to improve and resolve on their own. […] Your doctor may recommend modifying your exercise regimen and trying certain preventive or acute treatments to help manage primary exercise headache. […] Indomethacin may be taken 30-60 minutes before exercise to prevent primary exercise headache. […] Beta-blockers such as nadolol, atenolol and propranolol have also been reported to be effective for preventing primary exercise headache, and are reasonable options for people who cannot take indomethacin.

• #4 Exercise headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. Primary exercise headaches are usually harmless, aren’t connected to any underlying problems and can often be prevented with medication. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. Secondary exercise headaches may require emergency medical attention. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. Call your provider right away if the headache begins abruptly or if it’s your first headache of this type. […] The exact cause of primary exercise headaches is unknown. One theory is that strenuous exercise dilates blood vessels inside the skull.

• #4 Exertion Headaches: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/exertion-headaches

  Exertion headaches are characterized by sudden and severe head pain often brought on by physical activity such as exercise or sexual intercourse. […] Individuals who experience exertion headaches should speak with their healthcare provider to rule out any underlying medical conditions and develop a proper treatment plan. […] Exertion headaches are diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and may require additional testing to rule out underlying conditions. Common tests used to diagnose exertion headaches include CT scans, MRI scans, and blood tests. […] Imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans may be helpful in diagnosing exertion headaches by ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms. […] A detailed medical history is critical in the diagnosis of exertion headaches. […] Medical intervention should be sought if exertion headaches are severe, persistent, accompanied by additional symptoms such as nausea or vision changes, or if headaches occur after a head injury. […] Exertion headaches can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, such as a brain aneurysm or bleeding in the brain. […] While most cases of exertion headaches resolve with rest and hydration, some can become chronic and require ongoing treatment.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2021/69001/uncommon__group_4_0__primary_headaches__less.21.aspx

  If after an exhaustive search with sophisticated imaging investigational methods, and CSF examination, one is unable to pinpoint or identify an underlying cause, one is justified in labeling it as a primary thunderclap headache. […] Diagnosis is not difficult once you rule out an underlying symptomatic cause.

• #4 Exercise headaches

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372261

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. […] Your provider will likely recommend an imaging test, especially if: Your headaches last more than a few hours, Your headaches strike suddenly, like a thunderclap, You’re older than age 40, You have other signs and symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting or vision disturbances. […] In these cases, different types of imaging tests can help your provider verify that you have the harmless variety of exercise headache, rather than the type caused by a structural or vascular irregularity.

• #4 Exercise and Migraine: What You Should Know if You Get Headaches After Working Out | Cove – Cove

  https://www.withcove.com/learn/exercise-headache-migraine?srsltid=AfmBOoqUuQ4Cu3UAHv7CidP3oNSRj2lfkYRt2vkfT7sgqkx08y11_fWg

  Another possibility is that elevated blood pressure due to strenuous exercise can cause a headache or migraine attack. […] As Dr. Bain mentioned earlier, more strenuous and high-intensity activities like rowing, running, playing tennis, swimming and weight lifting are prone to triggering headaches. […] If you’ve been experiencing headaches after or during moderate or strenuous exercise, taking a medication like naproxen or indomethacin (both NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) before working up a sweat could help keep pain at bay. […] A category of medication called beta blockers can also help reduce your chances of experiencing a primary exertion headache. […] While primary exertion headaches are frustrating, they’re totally normal and nothing to seriously worry about.

• #4 Types of Headaches: Proper Diagnosis & Management Without Medication

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/physiotherapy/types-of-headaches/

  Tension type headaches and cervicogenic headaches are often treated conservatively with physiotherapy. […] Tension type headaches are one of the most common types of headaches and are often the reason many people seek a management solution without medications to address the symptomology associated with it. […] Cervicogenic headaches are often treated with proprioceptive exercises, postural correction, and manual therapy to help mobilize the cervical spine.

• #5 Exercise headaches

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20372261

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. […] If you experience a headache during or after exercise, consult your provider. […] Your provider will likely recommend an imaging test, especially if: Your headaches last more than a few hours, Your headaches strike suddenly, like a thunderclap, You’re older than age 40, You have other signs and symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting or vision disturbances. […] In these cases, different types of imaging tests can help your provider verify that you have the harmless variety of exercise headache, rather than the type caused by a structural or vascular irregularity.

• #5 Exercise Induced Headaches – Brisbane Headache & Migraine Clinic

  https://brisbanemigraine.com.au/exercise-induced-headaches/

  Primary exercise headaches often only last for a finite period time (commonly between three to six months), and so sufferers are advised to avoid excessive exercise or other triggering activities during this time. […] In some cases, warming up more intently, and building intensity slowly may prevent onset of exercise headaches. […] It is common that there is a sensitisation of the brainstem in people experiencing repeated headaches, and thus physiotherapy treatment to the upper neck may be successful in reducing headache frequency, intensity and duration.

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