Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What Causes Headaches During Exercise? | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/self-why-you-get-exercise-headaches-when-you-work-out/

  These kinds of headaches are common, to the point where most athletes get them at some stage, even if theyre only for a few minutes, said Danan. […] In fact, as Self reports, a study published in Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache of about 1,800 people from Norway found that approximately 12% of participants had experienced an exercise headache at least once in their life. Exercise headaches typically mean pulsating pain that occurs on both sides of your head and can last anywhere from five minutes to 48 hours, according to a review of headache types published in the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports. […] But when it comes to understanding why exercise may induce these headaches, Danan suggests there are plenty of unknowns. […] To be honest, we dont have a good answer for exactly why theyre happening, but there are some solid theories based on the physiological responses youre experiencing as a result of exercise, Danan told Self.

• #2 Primary exercise headache | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/primary-exercise-headache

  Primary exercise headache is a rare syndrome where headache can be induced during or after physical exertion. […] The pathogenesis of primary exercise headache remains unclear. […] Imaging evidence suggests altered cerebral venous dynamics may cause primary exercise headache in some patients. […] Numerous theories have been proposed to explain headache associated with exertion, but objective data are lacking in most cases, and the pathophysiology of primary exercise headache remains unclear. […] Primary exercise headache has been proposed to be a venous disorder. […] The prevalence of jugular valve incompetence leading to a transient increase of intracranial pressure during exertion has been shown to be much higher in patients with primary exercise headache when compared with controls, suggesting that intracranial venous congestion caused by retrograde jugular venous flow may play a role. […] Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been hypothesized to play a role in primary exercise headache.

• #3 Exercise-Induced Headaches: Prevention, Management, and Treatment

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/exerciseinduced-headaches-prevention-management-and-treatment

  Patients who experience headaches related to strenuous physical activity may find it difficult to exercise at sufficient durations or intensities. […] Although the pathophysiology of exertional headaches is not well defined, there are two hypotheses that may explain them. […] The mechanism of exertional headaches is usually attributed to increased intracranial pressure and its impact on cerebral blood vessels. […] Transient increases in intracranial pressure caused by physical exertion are thought to produce venous or arterial distention that triggers pain-inducing neurotransmitter pathways and headache symptoms. […] In studies of weightlifters, systolic blood pressures exceeded 400 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressures exceeded 300 mm Hg during maximal lifts. […] Exertion during physical activity can produce increases of varying degrees in blood pressure and intracranial pressure, which is why athletes can experience headaches of differing intensity and duration depending on the sport performed.

• #4 Exercise headaches – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/exercise-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20372276

  Exercise headaches occur during or after sustained, strenuous exercise. Some activities associated with exercise headaches include running, rowing, tennis, swimming and weightlifting. […] Health care providers divide exercise headaches into two categories. Primary exercise headaches are usually harmless, aren’t connected to any underlying problems and can often be prevented with medication. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying, often serious problem within the brain such as bleeding or a tumor or outside the brain such as coronary artery disease. Secondary exercise headaches may require emergency medical attention. […] The exact cause of primary exercise headaches is unknown. One theory is that strenuous exercise dilates blood vessels inside the skull. […] Secondary exercise headaches are caused by an underlying problem, such as bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin membranes that cover the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage), irregularities in a blood vessel leading to or within the brain, cancerous or noncancerous tumors, obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow, sinus infection, and structural irregularities in the head, neck or spine.

• #5 What Causes Headaches During Exercise? | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/newsroom/self-why-you-get-exercise-headaches-when-you-work-out/

  He asks people to think about it this way: when exercising, your heart rate increases and oxygen demands increase on your muscles and brain, which causes blood vessels to dilate for the increased circulation. […] That sudden shift might increase pressure in the blood vessels in your brain, said Danan. And a short-term headache can result while it does. […] People have a tendency to unconsciously hold their breath during effort, like when youre doing core work, for example, said Danan. This can increase your intracranial pressure, and the bodys response is a headache. It’s that tightness that causes a dull ache.

• #6 Exercise Headaches: Why You Get Headaches After Working Out

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/triggers-exercise

  Exercise-related headaches typically cause throbbing pain on both sides of your head. Exercise headaches can develop either after you finish a tough workout or while you’re exercising. Both aerobic exercises (such as running and biking) and weightlifting can trigger them. […] Experts dont know why they happen, but it may be due to the widening of the blood vessels in your brain when you exercise. […] Another name for exercise headache, these may be triggered by temporary changes to the blood vessels in your brain during exercise. When you work out, your body, including your brain, has higher demands for oxygen-rich blood. Your blood vessels widen to allow more blood to flow through them. Its possible that when the blood vessels in your brain widen, they create pressure in your skull, leading to a headache.

• #7 4.2 Primary exercise headache – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/other-primary-headache-disorders/4-2-primary-exercise-headache/

  4.2 Primary exercise headache occurs particularly in hot weather or at high altitude. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying 4.2 Primary exercise headache are unknown. Most investigators believe it is vascular in origin, hypothesizing that venous or arterial distension, secondary to physical exercise, is the pain-inducing mechanism. […] The recent finding that patients with 4.2 Primary exercise headache have a significantly higher prevalence of internal jugular venous valve incompetence (70% compared with 20% of controls) suggests that intracranial venous congestion caused by retrograde jugular venous flow may play a role in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

• #8 Sports Injury Bulletin – Diagnose & Treat – Headaches in Sport

  https://www.sportsinjurybulletin.com/diagnose–treat/headaches-in-sport

  Moreover, when weightlifters perform maximal lifting activities, they can have systolic blood pressure levels of 400 mm Hg and diastolic pressures of 300 mm Hg. Furthermore, angiographic studies in patients with these headaches have demonstrated vasospasm. Combined with these findings, the throbbing nature of these headaches supports the vascular nature of benign exertional headaches.

• #9 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. Its presentation can remain vague, often confused with other primary and secondary headache disorders and thus undertreated. This review aims to discuss primary exercise headache in the context of epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. […] Dysregulated cerebrovasculature has been theorized to play a role in the pathophysiology of PEH. Tinel describes how incompetent internal jugular valves in the context of Valsalva maneuvers can increase intrathoracic pressure and decrease cerebral venous drainage, thus playing a role in the cause of PEH. Retrograde flow from incompetent venous vasculature may lead to a transient increase in blood flow, causing an increase in intracranial pressure leading to head pain.

• #10

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4

  Primary exercise headache has gone through many descriptors in the past but generally is a headache that is precipitated by strenuous exercise without significant intracranial pathology. […] Dysregulated cerebrovasculature has been theorized to play a role in the pathophysiology of PEH. […] Tinel describes how incompetent internal jugular valves in the context of Valsalva maneuvers can increase intrathoracic pressure and decrease cerebral venous drainage, thus playing a role in the cause of PEH. […] Retrograde flow from incompetent venous vasculature may lead to a transient increase in blood flow, causing an increase in intracranial pressure leading to head pain. […] Dysfunction of normal autoregulation of cerebrovasculature has been discussed in exertional headache and in several other primary headache disorders.

• #11 Primary Exercise Headache

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7160088/

  The ability to maintain perfusion of tissue without significant fluctuation in the face of shifting pressures and metabolic demands could play a role in exertional headache. Physical exertion itself under normal physiologic circumstances leads to rapid changes in blood pressure in order to maintain perfusion, with changes to a resting state leading to its reversal. Transient spikes in blood pressure via exertion in a system without adequate autoregulation could lead to similar increases in intracranial pressure and thus pain. […] Primary exercise headache presents during or after strenuous activity with pain lasting upwards of 48 h. Investigations of secondary pathologies that may also worsen with exertion or manifest in a temporal manner, including cerebrovascular and cardiac etiologies, should be evaluated before diagnosis.

• #12

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-020-01028-4

  The ability to maintain perfusion of tissue without significant fluctuation in the face of shifting pressures and metabolic demands could play a role in exertional headache. […] Transient spikes in blood pressure via exertion in a system without adequate autoregulation could lead to similar increases in intracranial pressure and thus pain.

• #13 The association between migraine and physical exercise | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0902-y

  Dysfunctions of the neuropeptide hypocretin […] Several functions of hypocretins are impaired in patients with migraine and may be involved in the pathophysiology of the premonitory symptoms preceding a migraine attack such as excessive sleepiness, food cravings, yawning and fatigue. […] Anaerobic exercise results in the byproduct lactate. […] CGRP is a neuropeptide found extensively in the central and peripheral nervous system that results in vasodilation and sensory transmission of pain pathways. […] The perivascular nerve afferents from the trigeminal nerve are activated during a migraine attack, leading to release of pro-inflammatory substances that may sensitize the tissue surrounding arteries particularly in the meninges. […] Endogenous opioids modulate pain and were found to be lower during migraine attack than in the pain free period and their concentration arise at the end of the attack.

• #14 9 Ways to Exercise If You Suffer From Migraine Headaches – Cove

  https://www.withcove.com/learn/exercising-with-migraine-headache?srsltid=AfmBOor___pre2nFJEWN8SXEqA9e9dIP4S0bseE0Su6qFzIEOdgLBVqV

  According to Cove medical advisor and migraine expert Dr. Philip Bain, doctors believe physical activity can dilate blood vessels in the brain, which you experience as head pain. Another theory is that strenuous exercise rapidly elevates your blood pressure, which can then trigger an attack. If you get a headache every time you go running, for instance, that could be due to these abrupt blood pressure changes. […] Cove Medical Director Dr. Sara Crystal adds, Another potential link between exercise and migraine is that during exercise, levels of a protein in the brain called calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) rise, which can cause inflammation that may trigger attacks. […] But even if doctors aren’t sure exactly why exercise can cause headaches, there are plenty of things you can do before and during your workout to reduce the chances of a migraine attack.

• #15 Migraineurs with exercise-triggered attacks have a distinct migraine | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-99

  Sport as a migraine trigger has been reported, but extensive information on these triggered attacks and the patients experiencing these attacks is lacking. […] The lifetime prevalence of exercise-triggered migraine attacks was high. Those experiencing exercise-triggered migraine attacks, more frequently had neck pain as initial migraine symptom during normal life attacks. […] The two main findings in this study were; i) ETM attacks were reported by 38% of migraineurs and more than half of those quit the offending sport as a result. ii) During normal life attacks, neck pain as the initial migraine symptom was reported more frequently in migraineurs with ETM attacks compared to migraineurs without ETM attacks. […] If we consider the relation between exercise and migraine to be causal, then what is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism? One possible mechanism is dysfunction of neuropeptides like hypocretin which play a role in regulating sleep and arousal and which are located in brainstem structures which are selectively activated during migraine attacks.

• #16 The association between migraine and physical exercise | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0902-y

  After exercise beta-endorphin significantly increase only when anaerobic threshold was exceeded or if an exercise, at a lower threshold, was prolonged for about 50 min. […] The endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA), a precursor of the endocannabinoid system, increases following exercise and is thought to result in a runners high. […] Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a polypeptide, related to polypeptide growth factors which are thought to be involved in growth, differentiation and survival of neurons. […] Beta blockers, and angiotensin-2 inhibitors can be used as a prophylaxis for migraine. […] Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator which is known to regulate cerebral blood flow. […] Repeated aerobic exercise has been shown to be beneficial in sleep regulation, weight management, mood and cardiovascular function.

• #17 7 Ways to Avoid Exercise-induced Migraine | Nuvance Health

  https://www.nuvancehealth.org/health-tips-and-news/what-you-need-to-know-about-sports-and-migraine

  A study published in the Journal of Headache and Pain found that 38 percent of participants experienced a migraine from exercise. Exercise-induced migraine is most commonly associated with strenuous sports including rowing, running, swimming, tennis and weightlifting. […] First identify what triggers migraines for you and then find ways to avoid them. […] Common migraine triggers include: Exercise. […] In addition to identifying triggers, it is also important to identify migraine symptoms. […] The sooner you treat migraine, the greater chance of stopping a full-blown migraine attack. […] Individuals may experience migraine differently and benefit from preventive, rescue or both kinds of treatment. […] Having a proper rescue migraine medication will help shorten the duration and associated symptoms that occur with an attack.

• #18

  https://www.onepeloton.com/blog/headache-after-workout/

  Exercises that involve overexertion or stress on the body can increase your likelihood of getting a headache after a workout. More strenuous activities like running, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and heavy weightlifting can trigger these headaches because of increased blood pressure, and because you may be performing the Valsalva maneuver during exercise, according to Dr. Dasgupta. […] This maneuver is a technique that involves exhaling against a closed airway, which can cause an increase in blood pressure, Dr. Dasgupta says. […] While you should always talk to your doctor about the right treatment plan for you, here are a few general tactics to keep in mind, according to Dr. Hall and Dr. Dasgupta: Hydrating, Decreasing the intensity of your workout, or stopping your workout early, Trying an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

• #19 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Does-Exercise-Help-or-Worsen-Migraines.aspx

  However, exercise sometimes acts as a triggering factor for migraine probably due to an increase in blood pressure. It is the main reason for reduced physical activity in migraine patients. Thus, it is important to understand the right proportion and intensity of exercise to avoid possible negative impacts. […] There are many reasons that exercise can aggravate migraine headache. For example, a sudden initiation of exercise program without proper planning can cause migraine onset due to a sharp increase in bodys oxygen demand. […] Similarly, starting exercise with an empty stomach can cause a sharp drop in blood sugar level, leading to migraine onset. Inadequate intake of fluid before, during, or after the exercise can also trigger migraine attack due to dehydration of the body. […] Since high ambient temperature and low barometric pressure are known triggers of migraine, exercising in a hot climate or at high altitude may induce migraine headache, which usually lasts for 5 minutes to 48 hours. This is called exercise headache or exertional headache. Combining adverse ambient conditions with a new exercise program could compound the risk of exercise-related headache.

• #20 Headaches after exercise: here’s why they happen – and how to prevent them

  https://theconversation.com/headaches-after-exercise-heres-why-they-happen-and-how-to-prevent-them-205953

  Exercise or exertion headaches were first described by researchers in 1968. They occur during or after a period of intense, strenuous physical activity such as running, sneezing, heavy lifting or sex. […] While symptoms vary from person to person, exertion headaches typically involve a pulsating feeling on both sides of the head, which some describe as similar to a migraine. They can last anywhere from a few minutes to a couple of days. […] When we exercise, blood flow to the brain increases in order to ensure it has enough oxygen to keep our body moving. But this also means theres an increase in the amount of CO and heat our brains need to get rid of. To cope with this, our blood vessels expand and this stretching can cause pain. […] Exercising in hot weather is one example. The brain naturally runs at a hotter termperature than the rest of the body, and it cannot dissipate heat through the skin by sweating. The only way it can get rid of heat is by widening the blood vessels to increase blood flow to through the brain, helping to take away some of the heat.

• #21 Headaches after exercise: here’s why they happen – and how to prevent them

  https://theconversation.com/headaches-after-exercise-heres-why-they-happen-and-how-to-prevent-them-205953

  Training at altitude also increases the likelihood of exertion headaches. This is due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood at altitude. This means more blood has to go to the brain to supply all the oxygen it needs, causing swelling and triggering pain. […] People with a personal or family history of migraine of migraine may also be more likely to get exertion headaches. This is probably because the same changes that bring on migraines such as changes in blood vessel size are also involved in exertion headaches.

• #22 Exercise Headaches: Why You Get Headaches After Working Out

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/triggers-exercise

  You become dehydrated when your body loses more water than it takes in. That can happen during exercise or other physical activity if you sweat heavily and drink too little fluid to make up for what you’ve lost. Dehydration causes your brain to shrink and pull away from your skull. That puts painful pressure on your nerves, triggering a headache after exercise. […] Electrolytes are minerals, such as potassium, calcium, and sodium, that play important roles in your health. You get most of them from your diet. They balance the fluids in your body, keep your heart beating normally, and help your nerves and muscles function properly. Your electrolytes can become unbalanced by exercise because they leave your body when you sweat. An exercise headache is just one symptom of an electrolyte imbalance.

• #23 Common Types of Headaches Resulting from Playing Sports

  https://www.orofacialtherapeutics.com/facial-injuries-in-sports-medicine-2/headaches-resulting-from-playing-sports/

  Headaches in sports are common and often misunderstood health concerns that significantly affect athletes, both amateur and professional. […] Understanding the underlying causes and effective management strategies for headaches in athletes is therefore important for both the individual athlete and for sports organizations. […] The most evident association of trauma and headaches are those that involve traumatic brain injuries. […] Headaches are the hallmark symptom of concussions in sports, manifesting in up to 90% of concussion cases. […] Exertion headaches are believed to result from increased blood flow and pressure within the blood vessels in the brain during strenuous physical exertion. […] The mechanism for these headaches is complex. Dehydration reduces blood volume and increases the concentration of solutes in the blood. This leads to a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery to brain tissues, potentially causing irritation and dysfunction in pain-sensitive structures.

• #24 Exercise Headaches: Why You Get Headaches After Working Out

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/triggers-exercise

  When you have low blood sugar, a condition called hypoglycemia, you may develop a headache. […] These headaches typically develop when you engage your abdominal (stomach) muscles or increase pressure in your chest. […] If your body cant cool itself enough, your increased temperature can trigger heat exhaustion. One symptom is, you guessed it, a headache. […] Working out in certain conditions can also make an exercise headache more likely.

• #25 Incidence of Primary Exercise Headache in Resistance Trained Athletes

  https://brieflands.com/articles/asjsm-59489

  A relatively uncommon type of headache which is caused by some form of exercise without any intracranial disorder is called primary exercise headache (PEH). According to the 3rd edition of the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD-III), PEH occurs solely during or after severe physical exercise and lasts within 48 hours. […] However, the pathophysiology of the headache is not recognized fully. Mechanisms referred to the disorder are dysfunction of trigeminovascular, cervicogenic muscle tension and incompetence of jugular veins. Also, overextended activity can raise intracranial venous sinus pressure, resulting in elevated intracranial pressure, which consequently decreases cerebral blood flow and leads to PEH in weight lifter athletes. […] This study showed that the incidence of PEH had a strong statistical association with having a history of PEH but not with other headache types. Similarly, in another study on pool players, the estimated adjusted odds ratio of previous headaches history for PEH was about 10.1. Other related factors for PEH were training with upper limbs, the heaviness of the weights, or neck movement. It seems that severe training increases intracranial pressure, which subsequently decreases cerebral blood flow, and results in the development of a headache.

• #26 Exertional Headache: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/exertional-headache

  Secondary exertional headaches are triggered by the same activities as primary exertional headaches are. However, this response to physical activity is due to an underlying condition, such as: subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is bleeding between the brain and the tissues covering the brain; tumors; coronary artery disease that affects blood vessels leading to or within your brain; sinus infection; structural abnormalities of the head, neck, or spine; obstruction of flow of cerebrospinal fluid. […] Primary exertional headaches are frustrating but usually harmless. However, they can sometimes be a sign of an underlying condition that needs treatment, so it’s important to follow up with your doctor about your symptoms.

• #27 :: JCN :: Journal of Clinical Neurology

  https://www.thejcn.com/DOIx.php?id=10.3988/jcn.2022.18.1.93

  Exercise headache is a headache provoked by exercise or exertion. Symptomatic causes of exercise headache include subarachnoid hemorrhage, arterial dissection, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and, less commonly, space-occupying lesions, sinusitis, Chiari malformation, and pheochromocytoma. […] Two theories on the pathophysiology of secondary exercise headache in our patient may be proposed. First, increased blood pressure during exercise may result in venous or arterial distension, which may cause engorgement of the arteriovenous fistula and mechanical compression of adjacent pain-sensitive structures. Second, increased intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures during exercise may be transmitted through the venous system into an arteriovenous fistula or the intracranial venous sinuses, causing distension of the fistula or the venous sinuses.

• #28 :: JCN :: Journal of Clinical Neurology

  https://www.thejcn.com/DOIx.php?id=10.3988/jcn.2022.18.1.93

  We hypothesize that there is a threshold for precipitating exercise headache and that the blood flow through the arteriovenous fistula or the threshold might change over time under the influence of unknown factors. […] Our patients exercise headache resolved after the fistula was completely obliterated, suggesting that the fistula was the cause of his exercise headache. […] In conclusion, carotidjugular fistula can be a structural cause of recurrent exercise headache, and CT angiography or MR angiography can be helpful in the diagnosis. Successful coil embolization may result in resolution of exercise headache.

• #29 Update on headaches associated with physical exertion – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36786294/

  Headaches associated with physical exertion include headache precipitated by coughing or other Valsalva maneuvers, headache brought on by prolonged physical exercise, sexual headaches and cardiac cephalalgia. […] To review and update the clinical characteristics, etiologies, pathophysiology and management of these headaches related to exertion. […] Cough, exercise and sexual headaches can be primary or secondary; therefore, complementary studies are mandatory to rule out structural lesions. However, clinical characteristics, such as an old age and response to indomethacin for cough headache or being a young male and response to beta-blockers for exercise and sexual headaches, plus a normal examination are suggestive of a primary etiology. Etiology for secondary varieties, as posterior fossa lesions for cough headache or vascular malformations for exercise and sexual headaches, are also different. Finally, headache as a distant manifestation of myocardial ischemia, also known as „cardiac cephalalgia”, appears at exertion in around two-thirds of cases and typically lasts less than 30 minutes and is relieved by nitroglycerine.

• #30 Cardiac Cephalgia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/cardiac-cephalgia/31657/

  Underlying mechanisms for CC are theoretical at this time and include referred pain from coronary ischemia, decreased venous blood return from the brain to the heart, and increased intracranial inflammation and vascular change caused by neurotransmitters released in response to cardiac ischemia. […] Referred pain from coronary ischemia is suggested because visceral afferent cardiac nerves converge with somatic nerves from the head in the spinal cord. […] Lower cardiac output during cardiac ischemia is posited to decrease venous blood return from the brain to the heart. […] Serotonin, histamine, and bradykinin are released during cardiac ischemia and all increase intracranial inflammation and intracranial vascular change. […] Before diagnosing CC, secondary causes of headache must be considered.

• #31 Cardiac Cephalgia

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/cardiac-cephalgia/31657/

  Usually, CC presents with a headache that worsens with exercise and improves with rest or nitroglycerin. […] The diagnosis is confirmed if the recommended treatment of an underlying cardiac condition results in headache resolution. […] It is also essential to differentiate CC from migraine because certain migraine preventive and abortive medications should be avoided in these cases. […] CC is a rare secondary headache disorder that occurs with MI. […] By its definition, the headache resolves with appropriate medical, interventional, or surgical therapy for CAD. […] Early diagnosis of CC can prevent a potentially fatal MI.

• #32 Physical exercise and migraine: for or against?

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/19408/html

  The relationship between physical exercise and migraine remains rather controversial. On one hand, worsening of migraine pain has often been perceived by patients during or after regular physical exercise. […] Overall, 39/103 patients (38%) reported a risk of developing migraine attacks during exercise, most of which during endurance activities (i.e., running). All of these patients also reported that migraine attacks tended to worsen by practicing physical exercise. […] Interestingly, neck pain and headaches were both more frequent in patients with exercise-provoked migraine than in those without. […] The evidence that emerged from the noticeable number of recent intervention studies seems more solid and reliable. Overall, a general reduction of frequency, severity and duration of migraine attacks has been observed after the exercise intervention periods, and this has also been frequently associated with a considerable improvement of the quality of life of the affected subjects.

• #33 Migraineurs with exercise-triggered attacks have a distinct migraine | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1129-2377-14-99

  A second possible mechanism is of cardiovascular origin. Aerobic exercise increases cardiac output and systolic blood pressure. […] A third explanation is based upon an unfavorable energy metabolism. […] We found that neck pain as the initial migraine symptom was more prevalent in migraineurs with ETM. No previous studies reported that specific migraine symptoms were more prevalent in patients experiencing ETM attacks.

• #34 Teenage Girl with Migraine Whose Symptoms Resolve with a Therapeutic Neck Exercise Program: A Case Report

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-126.php?jid=jfmdp

  A literature review reveals that neck pain is more commonly associated with migraine than is nausea, that reduced neck muscle function and reduced cervical range of motion are present in migraineurs that are not documented in those without migraine, and that there is pharmacological overlap in the treatment response of migraine and neck pain associated with migraine. […] Building on these observations, the present case report describes the effect of a structured therapeutic neck exercise program on migraine frequency in a teenaged girl with a 15-month history of right-sided migraine without aura. […] While current thinking has evolved beyond the idea that vascular dysregulation is the cause of migraine, newer theories are still focused on brain-based causal mechanisms for migraine, specifically on brain neuron dysfunction as the underlying cause in migraine pathophysiology.

• #35 Common Types of Headaches Resulting from Playing Sports

  https://www.orofacialtherapeutics.com/facial-injuries-in-sports-medicine-2/headaches-resulting-from-playing-sports/

  The pathophysiology of post-traumatic headaches in athletes is multifaceted. When a head injury occurs, it can lead neurotoxin release in the brain, triggering chemical and blood flow changes that are associated with headache development. […] Cervicogenic headaches involve irritation or dysfunction in the structures of the upper cervical spine, such as the vertebrae, muscles, or ligaments. […] Tension-type headaches can be related to chronically elevated muscle tension. […] The exact mechanisms underlying medication overuse headaches are unclear. However, it’s believed that changes in the brain’s pain processing pathways and increased sensitivity to pain play a significant role. […] Understanding the various headache types among athletes is essential for effective management and prevention.

• #36

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/exercise-headaches/

  Exercising in hot and humid conditions can cause heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heatstroke, which may manifest with headaches among other symptoms. […] Intense physical exertion can strain neck muscles and structures, leading to tension headaches or exertional headaches. […] Secondary exercise headaches may be caused by underlying medical conditions such as brain tumors, bleeding in the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage), or abnormalities in the blood vessels supplying the brain. […] Certain medications or supplements, such as vasodilators or stimulants, may increase the risk of exercise-induced headaches as a side effect. […] Symptoms of exercise headaches can vary but typically include: Throbbing Pain: Headaches often involve a pulsating or throbbing sensation, typically on both sides of the head.

• #37 Why Do I Get Headaches With Exercise? – Novera Headache Center

  https://www.noveraheadachecenter.com/why-do-i-get-headaches-with-exercise/

  If these blood vessels are sensitized, however, the problem may be coming from the neck due to sensory overlap, but the brain is perceiving something different. All of these signals come in at once from the neck, face, and blood vessels making it hyper-sensitive. So what normally shouldnt be a painful response is resulting in a pounding headache. […] We often find that the upper part of the neck is the cause for many headache and migraine symptoms. This area is responsible for the majority of our rotation, as well as an important component of flexion, extension, and a little bit of side bending. […] When someone comes to our clinic with exertion headaches, we want to assume that theres an underlying source of tension thats referring pain to their head. The trigger is the exertion, whether thats the Valsalva maneuver, blood pressure, or areas that may have an increased level of tension. Then, when you work out, it increases the level of tension past the threshold your body can handle without pain.

• #38

  https://healthmatch.io/migraine/exercise-induced-migraine

  An exertional headache is brought on by physical activity. This usually means strenuous exercise, but some get exertional headaches from sexual activity or coughing. These seem to be caused by similar factors. […] While migraines can be triggered by exercise, exertional headache is also its own thing and can exist without migraine, although it’s often comorbid with it. Exertional headaches are split into two categories. […] Although the exact mechanism of exercise headache is not well understood, it is thought to stem from the transmission of intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure increases into the cranium, ultimately distending or tracking pain-sensitive meningeal or vascular structures. […] Primary exertional headache is similar to migraine. It is likely caused by pressure increases affecting vascular and meningeal structures. However, it is more likely to be bilateral.

• #39 Teenage Girl with Migraine Whose Symptoms Resolve with a Therapeutic Neck Exercise Program: A Case Report

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-126.php?jid=jfmdp

  Nothing in the current understanding of brain-based causality of migraine can explain the unilaterality of migraine pain. Unilateral neck problems, however, have been demonstrated to cause unilateral headaches, and unilateral neck pain has been correlated with migraine, with both migraine pain and neck pain decreasing in intensity upon treatment with a triptan. […] These results invite further investigation into the role of cervical structures in migraine pathophysiology. Progression through the therapeutic neck exercise treatment algorithm is what we believe is responsible for not just the decrease in head and face pain that we saw and recorded at each appointment, but also for the final decrease in migraine frequency that we document in this case report. These results encourage further investigation into the role of the cervical spine in generating migraines.

• #40 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Does-Exercise-Help-or-Worsen-Migraines.aspx

  A sudden, rigorous change in lifestyle such as starting a high-intensity exercise regimen and a healthy diet plan at the same time may lead to migraine attack if the changes are not managed properly. For example, calorie restriction or inadequate protein intake, coupled with increased energy expenditure could precipitate migraine attacks. Similarly, irregular practice of high-intensity exercise can act as a trigger due to resultant muscle stiffness and pain. […] There is much evidence indicating that exercise acts as an effective non-pharmacological intervention to decrease migraine headache. […] A daily bout of exercise is known to stimulate the release of the natural painkiller endorphin, which can aid in reducing the intensity and frequency of migraine headache. […] Similarly, exercise-induced release of a natural anti-depressant called enkephalin helps reduce the stress level, which is a major trigger of migraine. Thus, patients with migraine can adopt exercise as a prophylactic or preventive treatment to reduce the burden of daily medicine intake.

• #41 Migraine and Exercise | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-and-exercise-benefits/

  Exercise can help manage the symptoms and triggers of migraine in a few different ways. Exercise releases endorphins, which are the body’s natural painkillers. Endorphins also induce positive feelings and a sense of well-being, which can be especially beneficial for those living with migraine as they face an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Exercise can also increase anti-inflammatory chemicals in the brain. It can improve sleep quality and consistency and help relieve stress, which are common migraine triggers. Lastly, exercise has been shown to improve the speed of your thinking and ability to pay attention, which can be affected during and between migraine attacks. […] Scientists have a few theories about why exercise might trigger migraine attacks. One idea is that very intense exercise can affect one of our sleep chemicals (hypocretin), which can also be affected during the prodrome phase of a migraine attack. Another theory is that certain chemicals that can trigger migraine attacks are released during exercise, like lactate and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). If you are exercising with a migraine attack, it might make the pain worse because it can temporarily increase the pressure in your brain, or you can feel more throbbing in your head due to your heart beating faster and harder.

• #42 Physical exercise and migraine: for or against?

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/19408/html

  Many biological effects can be triggered by physical exercise, some of which may have a role in the pathogenesis of migraine. These will probably be mediated by chronic adaptation towards enhanced pain threshold and lower stress as commonly induced by regular physical exercise. […] This is due to the tangible risk that physical exercise may trigger or worsen a migraine attack in some patients, a process probably mediated by acute increase of the powerful vasodilation compound nitric oxide (NO), which would then overcome the potential long-term benefits of physical exercise.

• #43 Headache After Workout: 5 Causes & Treatments | SELF

  https://www.self.com/story/exercise-headache

  When your brain gets dehydrated, it can actually swell a bit, and exertion can make it worse. […] If you are well hydrated and caught up on sleep, a headache brought on by your workout might be due to stress, Dr. Reed says. […] Being stressed means that you have higher cortisol levels, according to the Mayo Clinic, and since exercise can drive it up even more, that can increase your chances of getting a headache when you work out. […] The good news is primary exertion headaches are the most common headaches brought on by exercise, Dr. Danan says. And according to the Mayo Clinic, these are usually harmless and not tied to any underlying health condition. […] If your headache hasnt let up for about 48 hours, youre likely dealing with the category of secondary exertion headaches, which means theyre not based on exercise, but instead have some other cause that exercise exacerbates.

• #44 Exercise – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – Cross

  https://migrainetrust.org/live-with-migraine/self-management/exercise/

  The therapeutic effects of exercise are well documented. Regular physical activity will improve your overall health and reduce the risk of developing diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, depression and obesity. Benefits also include reducing stress, reducing cholesterol levels, improving the quality of sleep patterns and producing a feeling of wellbeing. […] Headache researchers are now finding evidence that suggests that moderate exercise can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks in some people. They have found that regular exercise can be effective in preventing migraine. […] Recent studies have shown that exercise changes the levels of a wide range of body chemicals. Exercise stimulates your body to release natural pain controlling chemicals called endorphins and natural anti-depressant chemicals called enkephalins. This could mean that embarking on a well planned exercise program could enable you to reduce your drug intake, particularly drugs taken daily to prevent migraine (prophylactic medicine).

• #45 Migraine – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine

  Migraine is believed to be caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors that influence the excitation and inhibition of nerve cells in the brain. The accepted hypothesis suggests that multiple primary neuronal impairments lead to a series of intracranial and extracranial changes, triggering a physiological cascade that leads to migraine symptomatology. […] Migraine is believed to be primarily a neurological disorder, while others believe it to be a neurovascular disorder with blood vessels playing the key role, although evidence does not support this completely. Others believe both are likely important. One theory is related to increased excitability of the cerebral cortex and abnormal control of pain neurons in the trigeminal nucleus of the brainstem. […] Sensitization of trigeminal pathways is a key pathophysiological phenomenon in migraine. It is debatable whether sensitization starts in the periphery or in the brain.

• #46 Exercise Induced Headaches/Migraines- Causes & Observations

  https://naturallyintense.net/blog/fitness/exercised-induced-headaches-migraines-causes-observations/

  While pathogenesis remains speculative there are some clearly defined factors that appear to trigger exercise induced headaches. […] Adequate rest, proper hydration and regular meals can in some cases reduce the occurrence of exercise induced headaches. […] The symptoms of exercise induced headaches mimic that of many other potentially serious neurological disorders and self diagnosis should never be relied upon. […] However, all who experienced the headaches either stopped drinking coffee, increased their water intake and or made sure that they did not skip breakfast and ate adequate amounts of carbohydrates and fats to fuel their high intensity workouts. […] Aside from increasing fitness levels over time, the best treatments for exercise related headaches and migraines are proper sleep to minimize fatigue, good nutrition, adequate hydration and an extended warm up period. […] Not only to identify the mechanisms of pathogenesis but also for the creation of standardized treatment protocols.

Zobacz więcej