Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aspergillosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369619

  Aspergillosis is an infection caused by a type of mold (fungus). The illnesses resulting from aspergillosis infection usually affect the respiratory system, but their signs and severity vary greatly. […] The signs and symptoms of aspergillosis vary with the type of illness you develop: […] Some people with asthma or cystic fibrosis have an allergic reaction to aspergillus mold. Signs and symptoms of this condition, known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, include: Fever, A cough that may bring up blood or plugs of mucus, Worsening asthma. […] Aspergillomas may produce no symptoms or cause only a mild cough at first. Over time and without treatment, however, aspergillomas can worsen the underlying chronic lung condition and possibly cause: A cough that often brings up blood (hemoptysis), Wheezing, Shortness of breath, Unintentional weight loss, Fatigue.

• #1 Aspergillosis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369619

  This is the most severe form of aspergillosis. It occurs when the infection spreads rapidly from the lungs to the brain, heart, kidneys or skin. Invasive aspergillosis occurs only in people whose immune systems are weakened as a result of cancer chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation or a disease of the immune system. Untreated, this form of aspergillosis may be fatal. […] Signs and symptoms depend on which organs are affected, but in general, invasive aspergillosis can cause: Fever and chills, A cough that brings up blood (hemoptysis), Shortness of breath, Chest or joint pain, Headaches or eye symptoms, Skin lesions. […] Aspergillus can invade areas of your body other than your lungs, such as your sinuses. In your sinuses, the fungus can cause a stuffy nose sometimes accompanied by drainage that may contain blood. Fever, facial pain and headache may also occur.

• #2 Symptoms of Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Aspergillosis is a lung infection cause by the fungus Aspergillus. […] There are different types of aspergillosis, with some differences in symptoms. […] Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. […] Invasive aspergillosis, the most severe, occurs when the infection spreads into the blood system. […] Symptoms can vary depending on which parts of the body become infected. Other common symptoms include: Fever, Chest pain, Cough, Coughing up blood, Shortness of breath. […] Invasive aspergillosis is the most severe form of infection. It occurs when the infection moves from the lungs and spreads throughout the body.

• #3 Aspergillosis Basics | Aspergillosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/about/index.html

  Most people will not have any symptoms from exposure to Aspergillus. […] People with weakened immune systems or lung diseases are at greatest risk for symptoms. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. […] Aspergillosis affects the lungs. It causes different types of infections with some differences in symptoms. Cough and shortness of breath are common symptoms among all types of aspergillosis. Some types of infections cause nasal congestion, headache, fatigue, and coughing up blood. […] Invasive aspergillosis, the most severe form, occurs when the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body. People who get invasive aspergillus typically already had a medical condition. People who recently had a organ or stem cell transplant are at risk. Invasive lung infections can cause fever, chest pain, cough, and coughing up blood. Other symptoms can occur if the infection spreads to other parts of the body. […] Antifungal-resistant aspergillosis is increasing.

• #4 Aspergillosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482241/

  Aspergillosis is a spectrum of infections caused by fungi from the Aspergillus genus. Clinical syndromes depend on the host’s immune status, with invasive syndromes predominantly affecting immunodeficient individuals. Pulmonary aspergillosis and rhinosinusitis are the most prominent examples of invasive diseases. Other more indolent forms, such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), often occur in patients with underlying lung disease. Finally, cutaneous aspergillosis is often seen when wounds in immunocompromised patients are inoculated with Aspergillus. […] If left untreated, invasive aspergillosis has mortality approaching 100%. In cases of suspected invasive aspergillosis, an extensive diagnostic workup is necessary, but treatment should be initiated as soon as possible to reduce morbidity and mortality.

• #4 Aspergillosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482241/

  The most common initial symptoms of pulmonary infection include fever, worsening dyspnea, increased sputum production, hemoptysis, and pleuritic chest pain. Fever may not manifest in the severely immunocompromised; therefore, fever can be absent despite progressive infection. Invasive fungal sinusitis often presents with vague symptoms, but facial pain, retro-orbital pain, exophthalmos, visual impairment, nasal congestion, and fever can be noted. Invasive aspergillosis rapidly progresses, and symptoms often manifest once the disease is advanced. […] Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis most commonly presents with a cough. Due to lung vascularity, hemoptysis is seen around half the time due to encroachment on the involved vessels. Hemoptysis may be the first presenting symptom. Systemic symptoms, including fever, night sweats, and weight loss, are commonly seen in the diseases cavitary, fibrosing, and necrotizing forms. In contrast, patients with small aspergillomas or nodules may be asymptomatic and have normal physical examinations.

• #5 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/news/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis-abpa/

  Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis symptoms include: […] The symptoms of ABPA aspergillosis may not be obvious. People often first notice a worsening of their asthma symptoms. Some may also have a fever. […] Asthma symptoms: Wheezing, Cough, Shortness of breath, Chest pain or tightness […] Cough with bloody mucus or brownish flecks or plugs […] Fever that may go away and come back […] General fatigue, weakness or malaise. […] Your doctor may suspect ABPA if your asthma symptoms start worsening or you experience frequent asthma attacks. Worsening asthma symptoms or frequent or severe asthma attacks should always be of concern. […] People with asthma and ABPA may experience worsening asthma symptoms and control. […] Delaying treatment for ABPA may result in pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, chronic mucus production, and severe persistent asthma, and loss of lung function. This is why it is really important for people with worsening asthma symptoms to see their asthma specialist. Early treatment of ABPA may help prevent disease progression. […] Patients with end-stage ABPA may have extensive bronchiectasis resembling end-stage cystic fibrosis. […] Asthma patients with ABPA also have more frequent mucus plugging and lung nodules than asthma patients without ABPA.

• #6 Aspergillosis Symptoms and Diagnosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/aspergillosis/symptoms-diagnosis

  The signs and symptoms of aspergillosis vary depending on the specific form. […] Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis has symptoms similar to asthma. They include coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. […] In chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, it usually takes a while for patients to develop symptoms. When they finally do emerge, symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, fatigue and weight loss. It is also common for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis patients to develop a tangled mass of fungus fibers called an aspergilloma or fungus ball in cavities within the lungs. Symptoms that accompany this growth are frequent and bloody coughing as well as shortness of breath. […] Because patients with invasive aspergillosis usually suffer from other medical conditions, it can be hard to identify symptoms related to the aspergillosis infection. Symptoms may also differ depending on what organs are affected as the infection spreads. However, they commonly include coughing up blood, fever and chills, headaches, chest pain and shortness of breath. […] Additionally, Aspergillus can cause localized infections of the nails, eyes, skin, sinuses or ear canals.

• #7 Aspergillus | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/aspergillus

  Some people will develop a condition known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), in which asthma worsens significantly as a result of increased lung inflammation. […] Symptoms of ABPA include: Wheezing, Breathlessness, Significant worsening of asthma symptoms, A productive cough with brown mucus or mucus plugs, Coughing up blood, Loss of appetite, Fever, General malaise. […] Some of the complications of untreated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis include: Haemoptysis the irritated and inflamed airways can bleed and bloodstained phlegm is coughed up. Bronchiectasis recurring bouts of inflammation eventually damage the bronchiolar walls. Atelectasis this involves varying degrees of lung tissue collapse. Respiratory failure the airways become obstructed, or a severe asthma attack squeezes the airways closed. This is a medical emergency. […] There is no cure for ABPA. The condition is managed with corticosteroids taken orally or with puffers. Antifungal medications generally have no effect.

• #8 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

  https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/related-conditions/allergic-bronchopulmonary-aspergillosis

  Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic or hypersensitive reaction to a fungus known as Aspergillus fumigatus. This may damage the airways and result in permanent lung damage. […] If you have asthma, the first noticeable symptoms of ABPA are usually progressive worsening of your asthma symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Other symptoms of ABPA include: Cough with brownish flecks or bloody mucous Fever General weakness or malaise.

• #9 Aspergillosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-clinical

  The four most common manifestations of Aspergillus lung disease (ie, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis [ABPA], aspergilloma, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis [CNPA], and invasive aspergillosis) have quite different clinical manifestations. […] ABPA is a syndrome occurring in asthmatic persons and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that results from a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus colonization of the tracheobronchial tree. This syndrome may cause fever and pulmonary infiltrates that are unresponsive to antibacterial therapy. Patients often have a cough and produce mucous plugs, which may form bronchial casts. They may have hemoptysis. People with asthma who have ABPA may have poorly controlled disease and difficulty tapering off oral corticosteroids. ABPA may occur in conjunction with allergic fungal sinusitis, with symptoms including chronic sinusitis with purulent, thick, dark-colored sinus drainage.

• #10 Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542329/

  Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a common fungal infection in uncontrolled asthmatics, cystic fibrosis patients, and immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and rapid implementation of proper management are critical to prevent complications and/or disease progression. Diagnosis centers around classic clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, and immunological findings. […] ABPA affects people who are asthmatic or have cystic fibrosis and are allergic to Aspergillus. The thick mucus in the airways of these patients makes it difficult to clear up the Aspergillus spores when inhaled. […] The natural history, progression, remission, and recurrences of ABPA are not well understood. Patients without central bronchiectasis at the time of diagnosis tend to maintain their lung function despite occasional exacerbations. […] Progression of Stage 5 disease to pulmonary fibrosis may be preventable if patients maintain therapy on low-dose steroids. Persons with an FEV1 persistently under 0.8 L have a worse prognosis.

• #11 Aspergillosis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis usually develops in open spaces in the body, such as cavities in the lungs caused by preexisting lung disorders. In the lungs, aspergillosis typically develops as a ball (aspergilloma) composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. The fungus ball gradually enlarges, destroying lung tissue in the process, but usually does not spread to other areas. […] Invasive aspergillosis becomes very aggressive and rapidly spreads throughout the lungs and often through the bloodstream to the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. This rapid spread occurs mainly in people with a very weakened immune system.

• #11 Aspergillosis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis is an infection, usually of the lungs, caused by the fungus Aspergillus. People may have no symptoms or may cough up blood or have a fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. If fungi spread to the liver or kidneys, these organs may malfunction. A fungus ball in the lungs may cause no symptoms and may be discovered only when a chest x-ray is taken for other reasons. Or it may cause repeated coughing up of blood and, rarely, severe, even fatal bleeding. This form is a rapidly invasive infection in the lungs and often causes cough, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Without treatment, invasive aspergillosis is fatal. Aspergillosis that spreads to other organs makes people very ill. Symptoms include fever, chills, shock, delirium, and blood clots. Kidney failure, liver failure (causing jaundice), and breathing difficulties may develop. This type of infection can be rapidly fatal.

• #12 Aspergillosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-clinical

  Aspergilloma may manifest as an asymptomatic radiographic abnormality in a patient with preexisting cavitary lung disease due to sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or other necrotizing pulmonary processes. In patients with HIV disease, aspergilloma may occur in cystic areas resulting from prior Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Of patients with aspergilloma, 40-60% experience hemoptysis, which may be massive and life threatening. Less commonly, aspergilloma may cause cough and fever. […] CNPA manifests as a subacute pneumonia unresponsive to antibiotic therapy, which progresses and cavitates over weeks or months. Patients with CNPA have underlying disease, such as steroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or alcoholism, with symptoms that may include fever, cough, night sweats, hemoptysis, anorexia, fatigue and weight loss. Usually, patients have received prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy and sometimes empiric antituberculous therapy without response prior to diagnosis via biopsy or culture.

• #13 What Is Aspergillosis?

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-aspergillosis

  Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis can lead to aspergillomas, also known as or fungus balls or fungal balls. These slow-growing tangled balls are made up of mold fibers, mucus, white blood cells, and bits of clotted blood. They form in air pockets in your lungs and get bigger over time. They may not cause symptoms for years, but you could notice: Chest pain, Chronic cough, Wheezing and shortness of breath, Coughing up blood, Fatigue. […] Invasive aspergillosis. This type usually affects people who have a weakened immune system because of an organ or bone marrow transplant. The infection typically starts in your lungs, but travels through the blood to other organs like your kidneys, heart, brain, and skin. Symptoms can vary depending on which organ is affected, but you could have: Fever that doesn’t improve with antibiotics, Chest pain that worsens with big breaths, Dry cough, Aspergilloma, Coughing up blood (possibly from aspergilloma), Breathing problems. […] In severe cases, you might also have: Nosebleeds, Sores (ulcers) inside your mouth or inside your chest wall, Swelling on one side of eye, Trouble talking or moving face muscles.

• #14 Aspergillosis – Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/aspergillosis.htm

  Aspergillosis usually affects people with reduced immunity. […] Different forms of Aspergillosis show different symptoms, but some common signs and symptoms may include: Pain in chest and bones, Pneumonia, Vision difficulties, Blood in urine, Less urine, Headaches, Chills, Difficulty in breathing, Cough with sputum production, Blood in sputum, Skin sores, Anorexia and weight loss. […] Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is an uncommon and slowly progressing destructive lung disease. It usually affects one or both upper lobes damaging lung tissues and resulting in cavity formation. […] Invasive aspergillosis is a disseminated infection affecting patients with weakened immune systems like those undergoing chemotherapy or suffering from conditions such as leukemia, other cancers, and AIDS. It starts in the lungs and sometimes the sinuses but may involve other organs and tissues through its spread via blood.

• #15 Symptoms of Aspergillosis | Aspergillosis | Types of Fungal Diseases | Fungal Diseases | CDC

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/symptoms.html

  Symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are similar to asthma. […] The different types of aspergillosis can cause different symptoms. […] The symptoms of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are similar to asthma symptoms, including: Wheezing, Shortness of breath, Cough, Fever (in rare cases). […] Symptoms of allergic Aspergillus sinusitis include: Stuffiness, Runny nose, Headache, Reduced ability to smell. […] Symptoms of an aspergilloma (fungus ball) include: Cough, Coughing up blood, Shortness of breath. […] Symptoms of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis include: Weight loss, Cough, Coughing up blood, Fatigue, Shortness of breath. […] Symptoms Fever is a common symptom of invasive aspergillosis. […] Invasive aspergillosis usually occurs in people who are already sick from other medical conditions, so it can be difficult to know which symptoms are related to an Aspergillus infection. However, the symptoms of invasive aspergillosis in the lungs include: Fever, Chest pain, Cough, Coughing up blood, Shortness of breath, Other symptoms can develop if the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body.

• #16 Understanding Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis – Dr Ricardo Jose – London Chest Specialist

  https://londonchestspecialist.co.uk/2023/07/24/understanding-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis/

  Symptoms of CPA can vary among individuals. Some common manifestations include coughing up blood, weight loss, fatigue, and breathlessness. […] One of the disturbing symptoms of CPA is coughing up blood, medically termed haemoptysis. […] Weight loss, often unexplained, is another frequent symptom associated with CPA, which significantly impacts patients overall health. […] Patients may feel unusually tired, a symptom known as fatigue. This persistent tiredness is often out of proportion to recent activity and isnt relieved by rest. […] Another common symptom is breathlessness, or dyspnoea, which can limit patients activities and impede their quality of life. […] In the case of CPA, the Aspergillus fungi settle into the cavities or scarred areas of the lungs, brought about by the pre-existing lung condition. Here, the fungi continue to grow, leading to a chronic infection. This progression can result in further lung damage and a variety of symptoms that characterise CPA.

• #17 What Is Invasive Aspergillosis?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/infectious-diseases/invasive-aspergillosis

  Invasive aspergillosis infection begins in the lungs and quickly spreads through the circulation to potentially impact the brain, kidneys, heart, and skin, among other bodily organs. The signs and symptoms of invasive aspergillosis are discussed below. […] The most common symptoms include the following: Blood in cough (hemoptysis). […] Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Chest pain. […] Joint pain. […] Headache. […] Tiredness. […] The additional symptoms include the following: Anorexia (loss of appetite). […] Loss of weight. […] Sweating. […] Skin lesions. […] The symptoms of invasive aspergillosis can range from asymptomatic to significant hemoptysis, which can be fatal. The rate at which symptoms appear also varies according to the patient’s immune system. In addition, patients with some form of immunosuppression, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), corticosteroid usage, diabetes mellitus, or alcoholism, may exhibit a quicker onset of symptoms. For example, they will show symptoms in weeks rather than months.

• #18 Aspergillosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-clinical

  Invasive aspergillosis typically manifests as fever, cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and sometimes hemoptysis in patients with prolonged neutropenia or immunosuppression. […] In patients with leukemia and lymphoma, aspergillosis may occur after chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression, with resultant prolonged neutropenia, manifesting with persistent fever and pulmonary infiltrates despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. […] Invasive aspergillosis is being increasingly observed in patients with COPD on long-term corticosteroid therapy. […] In ABPA, the patient may have fever. Wheezing may be noted upon auscultation of the chest. The patient may produce mucous plugs upon coughing. […] In CNPA and invasive aspergillosis, the patient is febrile and may have evidence of lung consolidation. Patients may have hemoptysis. Patients with invasive aspergillosis may be tachypneic and have rapidly progressive worsening hypoxemia.

• #19 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Aspergillosis-Symptoms.aspx

  In patients with alveolar cavities due to damage caused by conditions such as sarcoidosis or tuberculosis, the development of an aspergilloma is quite common following an infection by Aspergillus spores. The mature fungal colonies inside the lungs secrete various allergic and toxic substrates, and cause symptoms such as fever and respiratory distress. As the formation of these fungal balls takes some time, many patients with an aspergilloma remain asymptomatic at first. In the later stages, symptoms such as weight loss, chronic cough, tiredness, and a constant feeling of sickness start to appear. […] Invasive aspergillosis is considered the most serious type of Aspergillus infection. It typically occurs in people with compromised immunity. Breathlessness, wheezing, chest pain, and cough are common symptoms. Other symptoms include fever with chills, headaches and visual symptoms, bleeding from the nose, and asymmetric facial edema. An early diagnosis may turn out to be life-saving in this otherwise-fatal condition.

• #20 Aspergillosis: Symptoms, Causes, Types, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/aspergillosis-5219056

  Symptoms of aspergillosis depend on the organ system that is affected. This includes: […] Invasive aspergillosis: This affects the lungs and can present as shortness of breath, fever, cough, chest pain, or coughing up blood. […] Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis: This can present as congestion, runny nose, headache, and a reduced ability to smell. […] Aspergillus infection can cause problems acutely and chronically. For example: […] Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, an acute version of the infection, has symptoms similar to asthma, including coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. […] Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis usually takes a while to develop. When symptoms finally do emerge, they look similar to acute aspergillosis symptoms but may progress over time to include fatigue, weight loss, and coughing up blood (hemoptysis). These indicate that an aspergilloma or fungus ball has formed in the lung cavities. […] If your infection becomes invasive and disseminates throughout the body—a sign of severe infection—your prognosis is poor.

• #21 Aspergillosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-clinical

  ABPA may cause atelectasis, asthma exacerbation, and steroid dependence. Recurrent ABPA episodes may result in widespread bronchiectasis and fibrosis. […] Hemoptysis is a frequent complication of aspergilloma. […] Invasive aspergillosis may result in respiratory failure and death. Massive hemoptysis may occur. Aspergillus may disseminate to other organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, and heart, and result in multisystem organ failure.

• #22 Aspergillosis – Causes, Types, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.bustmold.com/resources/about-mold/health-effects-of-mold/aspergillosis/

  Aspergillosis is one such disease, and it is caused by molds from the genus Aspergillus. There are several forms of this disease, but the most frequent is the mycosis of the lungs. The seriousness of the disease will vary depending on the health of the host, but can often end with a fatal outcome. […] Symptoms usually include wheezing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of general fatigue and poor health, sometimes followed by fever. ABPA may also cause chest pain and bloody coughs. This form of mycosis usually does not metastasize. […] Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is characterized by the gradual loss of lung tissue and fibrosis (scarring) within the lungs. This usually causes lung cavitation due to the formation of empty spaces, or expansion due to the widening and growth of existing spaces. The thickening of lung membranes may also occur due to this form of aspergillosis.

• #23 Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis

  Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) often remains unrecognized for prolonged periods and results in significant morbidity. […] The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of CPA will be reviewed here. […] All patients with CPA have a history of structural lung disease, often with residual cavities, bullae, or scarring.

• #24 Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) – Wythenshawe Hospital

  https://mft.nhs.uk/wythenshawe/services/about-aspergillosis/chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis-cpa/

  Patients with aspergillomas often have few specific symptoms, but 50-90% experience some coughing up of blood. […] For other types of CPA, symptoms may include weight loss, fatigue, cough, haemoptysis and breathlessness, usually for a period longer than 3 months. […] For most patients, CPA will be a lifelong illness. 84% of patients do well post-surgery if that is an option. In less than 10% of cases, the disease spontaneously disappears. The vast majority of patients with CPA require chronic disease management. In most, the key aims of therapy are to reduce symptoms and prevent disease progression. […] Occasionally patients are both asymptomatic and do not progress even without therapy. At the other end of the spectrum are highly symptomatic patients whose disease appears to progress despite high-intensity antifungal therapy, sometimes with combined immunotherapy. Arresting progression, and in particular minimising loss of lung function, is a key goal of therapy, unfortunately not always achieved; likewise, weight gain, reduction in fatigability, reduced cough, sputum production, haemoptysis and breathlessness are all valuable benefits of long-term antifungal therapy, also not always achieved.

• #25 Understanding Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis – Dr Ricardo Jose – London Chest Specialist

  https://londonchestspecialist.co.uk/2023/07/24/understanding-chronic-pulmonary-aspergillosis/

  This form is the most severe variant of CPA. Its characterised by a widespread fibrotic response in the lungs. This results in extensive lung damage. The symptoms can be quite severe, including significant weight loss, severe breathlessness, and fatigue. The diseases progression can be quite rapid, often leading to respiratory failure if left untreated.

• #26 What Is Invasive Aspergillosis?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/infectious-diseases/invasive-aspergillosis

  If invasive aspergillosis is not treated at the right time, it can lead to several complications. Shock, delirium, severe lung bleeding, and tracheobronchitis, an infection of the trachea and bronchi that can restrict the airway, are just a few of the severe life-threatening problems that might arise. An organ failure, such as the liver or kidney, can occur. Seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, or infection of the brain’s surrounding membranes (meningitis) may result if the infection progresses to the brain. A stroke may occur if the central nervous system is involved in this infectious disease. Additionally, a study revealed that invasive aspergillosis is a complication of COVID-19.

• #27 Aspergillosis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369623

  Because antifungal medications don’t penetrate an aspergilloma very well, surgery to remove the fungal mass is the first-choice treatment when an aspergilloma causes bleeding in the lungs. […] People who develop aspergillosis usually have an underlying condition, such as asthma or cystic fibrosis, or have a weakened immune system due to illness or to immune-suppressing medications.

• #27 Aspergillosis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aspergillosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369623

  Diagnosing an aspergilloma or invasive aspergillosis can be difficult. Aspergillus is common in all environments but difficult to distinguish from certain other molds under the microscope. The symptoms of aspergillosis are also similar to those of other lung conditions such as tuberculosis. […] If you have a weakened immune system and develop an unexplained fever, shortness of breath or a cough that brings up blood, seek immediate medical care. […] The goal in treating allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is to prevent existing asthma or cystic fibrosis from worsening. The best way to do this is with oral corticosteroids. […] Antifungal medications. These drugs are the standard treatment for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The most effective treatment is a newer antifungal drug, voriconazole (Vfend).

• #28 Aspergillosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis is a fungal infection of usually the lungs, caused by the genus Aspergillus, a common mold that is breathed in frequently from the air, but does not usually affect most people. It generally occurs in people with lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis or tuberculosis, or those who are immunocompromised such as those who have had a stem cell or organ transplant or those who take medications such as steroids and some cancer treatments which suppress the immune system. Rarely, it can affect skin. […] Most cases of acute aspergillosis occur in people with severely compromised immune systems such as those undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Chronic colonization or infection can cause complications in people with underlying respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma, or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Some forms are intertwined; for example ABPA and simple aspergilloma can progress to CPA.

• #29 Aspergillosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482241/

  The prognosis of allergic bronchopulmonary pulmonary aspergillosis is good in patients with mild alterations in function. However, many patients may require steroids for a prolonged time if the diagnosis is delayed. Delays in diagnosis may lead to steroid resistance and the development of lung fibrosis. For patients with invasive aspergillosis, the prognosis is poor. Despite appropriate antifungal therapy, the mortality rate of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is around 20% 6 weeks from diagnosis. Once the infection has spread to the central nervous system, the mortality is close to 100%.

• #30 Aspergillosis in Dogs | VCA Animal Hospitals

  https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/aspergillosis-in-dogs

  Most dogs with systemic aspergillosis will not have nasal symptoms. Unfortunately, most dogs are terminally ill by the time they exhibit clinical signs. […] The prognosis is generally good for cases with localized nasal aspergillosis. The prognosis for systemic aspergillosis is guarded to poor, especially if there is evidence of sinus destruction.

• #31 Aspergillosis: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14770-aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis can cause symptoms similar to many other illnesses, like fever, cough and shortness of breath. If you’re at risk for aspergillosis, talk to a healthcare provider if you have any of these symptoms. […] Symptoms of aspergillosis vary depending on the type and location in your body. Symptoms of infections or allergic reactions in your lungs are the most common. They include: […] Fever is a common symptom. […] Fatigue and weight loss can be symptoms of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. […] Invasive aspergillosis can be life-threatening. Since people with invasive aspergillosis almost always have an immune system that can’t fight off the infection, it can be hard to treat. If you have invasive aspergillosis, you’ll need to be treated as soon as possible and monitored closely. […] Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis can complicate underlying conditions like COPD. It can be life-threatening. Treatment often helps symptoms, but the infection can come back again and again.

• #32 Aspergillosis: Symptoms and treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis is a name for a group of conditions caused by exposure to Aspergillus spp. Some are due to the direct effects of infection and others are due to the body’s immune reaction to the fungus. […] Symptoms may relapse and remit or become progressive, leading to steroid dependency. […] In a small minority it can lead to untreatable pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary infiltrates do not respond to conventional antibiotics. […] It has the characteristics of an indolent pneumonia that doesn’t respond to usual antibiotic therapy. The pneumonic consolidation may spread gradually and undergo cavitation. […] CNPA has a significant mortality of up to 40%, even if promptly recognised and treated. […] It is easy to miss and, in such cases, carries a worse prognosis. […] Invasive aspergillosis has a poor outlook with mortality nearing 100% once central nervous system involvement occurs. […] The development of endocarditis has a similar poor outlook, if it cannot be treated surgically.

• #33 Aspergillosis – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/de/mayo-health-library/aspergillosis/

  If you have symptoms of aspergillosis and are already being treated for a medical condition, call the doctor who provides your care for that condition. […] If you have a weakened immune system and develop an unexplained fever, shortness of breath or a cough that brings up blood, seek immediate medical care.

• #34 Aspergillosis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/425

  Aspergillosis is caused by filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus species, which are found ubiquitously in soil. Aerosolised conidia (spores) are inhaled, which may result in infection. […] Invasive aspergillosis (IA) mostly affects immunocompromised patients (e.g., stem cell transplant recipients, prolonged severe neutropenia, immunosuppressive therapy). It is rare in immunocompetent individuals. […] Clinical findings of IA are non-specific and include fever, cough, and pleuritic pain. High index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Lungs, sinuses, brain, and skin are sites of involvement. […] Early diagnosis and therapy significantly improve prognosis of patients with IA. […] Treatment of CPA depends on the type. […] Other diagnostic factors include cough, headache, fever, congestion or sinus tenderness, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, facial pain, seizure, altered mental status, cranial nerve palsy, malaise, and weight loss.

• #35 Aspergillosis

  https://www.asthmafoundation.org.nz/your-health/other-respiratory-conditions/aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis is a group of diseases affecting the lungs and sinuses. […] The symptoms of aspergillosis vary depending on the type of infection: […] ABPA symptoms are similar to asthma and include wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. […] CPA symptoms include coughing up blood, weight loss, fatigue and shortness of breath. […] IPA commonly occurs with other respiratory conditions, so it is hard to determine which symptoms are IPA-driven. However, observed symptoms in IPA patients include: fever, chest pain, coughing up blood and shortness of breath. […] Around 5-10% of people with IPA will develop lesions on the skin on their head and limbs as aspergillosis develops. The lesions may be red or violet hardened plaques and can be painful to touch. They may darken and become ulcers or scabs. […] Late diagnosis can result in further damage to your lungs, so it is especially important for people in the high-risk category to visit their healthcare practitioner routinely and inform them if they develop aspergillosis symptoms.

• #36 Aspergillosis: Types, Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aspergillosis

  Aspergillosis is an infection, allergic reaction, or fungal growth caused by the Aspergillus fungus. […] Different types of aspergillosis affect the body in different ways. […] In allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), the fungus causes allergic reactions such as coughing and wheezing. […] ABPA also causes shortness of breath, and general feelings of being unwell. […] Known symptoms of invasive aspergillosis include: a cough (sometimes with blood), pain in the chest, shortness of breath, fever. […] With an aspergilloma, you may have a cough, with or without blood, and shortness of breath. […] Other symptoms of different types of aspergillosis can include: pain in your chest and bones, vision difficulties, blood in your urine, less urine, headaches, chills, difficulty breathing, skin sores, bloody phlegm. […] Allergic aspergillosis typically heals with treatment. […] Recovering from invasive aspergillosis depends on your overall health and the strength of your immune system. […] For all types of aspergillosis, a lack of response to medication is a critical issue and can be fatal.

• #37 What Is Aspergillosis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/aspergillus/

  Another study found a survival rate of 25 percent among stem cell transplant recipients. […] Over long-term therapy, the fungi may develop resistance to some antifungals. […] The duration of the diseases varies depending on underlying health issues, the severity or site of infection, and type of disease. […] Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis may require treatment with an antifungal medication for at least 6 to 12 weeks. Severe forms may require lifelong treatment and monitoring to control the disease.

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