Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Coarctation of the aorta – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta/symptoms-causes/syc-20352529

  Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing in a part of the body’s main artery, called the aorta. The heart must pump more forcefully to send blood through the aorta and on to the rest of the body. […] Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta depend on how much of the aorta is narrowed. Most people don’t have symptoms. […] If a baby is born with an extreme narrowing of the aorta, symptoms may be noticed shortly after birth. Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta in infants include: Difficulty breathing. Difficulty feeding. Heavy sweating. Irritability. Changes in skin color. […] Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta later in life may include: Chest pain. High blood pressure. Headaches. Muscle weakness. Leg cramps. Cold feet. Nosebleeds. […] Coarctation of the aorta often occurs with other heart conditions present at birth. Other symptoms depend on the specific types of congenital heart defects.

• #2 Coarctation of the Aorta | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/coarctation-aorta

  With coarctation of the aorta in children, the portion of the aorta just after the upper-body arteries branch off is too narrow; this results in reduced blood flow to the lower body. […] Because of this narrowing, the left ventricle of the heart must pump much harder than normal to move blood through the aorta to the lower body. This can lead to damage to the heart (heart failure) and high blood pressure in the heart and brain. It can also damage the organs in the lower body that don’t get enough blood. […] In severe cases, coarctation of the aorta symptoms will appear within the first few days of life. The more the aorta is narrowed, the more severe the symptoms will be. […] In infants where the coarctation of the aorta is severe or moderate, symptoms can include: Labored or rapid breathing, Weak femoral artery pulse (taken in the groin area), Heavy sweating, Poor growth, Pale or gray appearance, Heart murmur: extra heart sound heard when the doctor listens with a stethoscope.

• #2 Coarctation of the Aorta | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/coarctation-aorta

  If the narrowing is mild, coarctation of the aorta symptoms may go unnoticed until the child is older or even an adult. In those cases, symptoms can include: High blood pressure, Cold feet or legs, Difficulty exercising (gets out of breath quickly), Dizziness, Fainting, Nosebleeds, Headaches, Leg cramps, Heart murmur.

• #3 Coarctation of the Aorta – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430913/

  Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic arch, typically located just beyond the left subclavian artery. This narrowing creates an obstruction that can lead to significant cardiovascular complications, including systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and eventually heart failure. […] Coarctation of the aorta presents with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic hypertension to life-threatening heart failure in infancy. […] Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial, as untreated coarctation can lead to serious complications, including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic dissection, and intracranial hemorrhage by the third or fourth decade of life. […] Coarctation of the aorta typically manifests as upper extremity hypertension, which can lead to complications such as early coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysm, and cerebrovascular events. […] Despite successful short-term outcomes, continuous monitoring is necessary to manage residual risks and ensure ongoing cardiovascular health.

• #4 Coarctation of the aorta Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Symptoms depend on how much blood can flow through the artery. Other heart defects may also play a role. […] About half of newborns with this problem will have symptoms in the first few days of life. These can include breathing fast, problems eating, increased irritability, and increased sleepiness or becoming poorly responsive. In severe cases, the infant may develop heart failure and shock. […] In milder cases, symptoms may not develop until the child has reached adolescence. Symptoms can include: Chest pain, Cold feet or legs, Dizziness or fainting, Decreased ability to exercise, Failure to thrive, Leg cramps with exercise, Nosebleed, Poor growth, Pounding headache, Shortness of breath. […] There may also be no symptoms. […] Coarctation of the aorta can be cured with surgery. Symptoms quickly get better after surgery.

• #4 Coarctation of the aorta Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  However, there is an increased risk for death due to heart problems among those who have had their aorta repaired. Lifelong follow-up with a cardiologist is recommended. […] Without treatment, most people die before age 40. For this reason, doctors most often recommend that the person has surgery before age 10. Most of the time, surgery to fix the coarctation is done during infancy. […] Narrowing or coarctation of the artery can return after surgery. This is more likely in people who had surgery as a newborn.

• #5 Coarctation of Aorta: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/heart/coarctation-of-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta can cause the walls of blood vessels in the brain to weaken. This weakening could produce a bulge in a blood vessel. If the bulge in the blood vessel bursts this bleeding may cause a stroke. […] The extent of narrowing associated with the aorta and how soon the symptoms appear will determine the severity of the condition. A pediatric cardiologist can establish how serious the coarctation is and what treatments will bring the most positive results. […] Common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta in infants include: Difficulty breathing, Weak femoral artery pulse, Excessive sweating, Decreased appetite, Poor weight gain, Pale skin coloring, Detection of a heart murmur, Cold hands and feet. […] In adults, additional symptoms of coarctation commonly include: Chest pain, Headaches, High blood pressure, Leg cramps muscle weakness, Cold hands and feet, Frequent nose bleeds.

• #6 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16876-aortic-coarctation

  Coarctation of the aorta symptoms depend on how narrow the aorta is. Typically, moderate or severe narrowing causes symptoms a week or two after birth. Mild narrowing may not cause symptoms until later in childhood, or at all. […] Infants with CoA may have: Excessive sleepiness, Fast pulse, Heavy sweating, Irritability, Pale or gray skin, Rapid or labored breathing, Trouble with feeding. Severe coarctation in infants can cause shock and even death if not recognized and treated promptly. On the other hand, some infants have no symptoms because the narrowing is minimal. […] Aortic coarctation symptoms in children and adults include: Headaches, High blood pressure, Nosebleeds, Leg pain during exercise. Some kids don’t have symptoms they notice. Instead, high blood pressure at a routine well-check is the first sign of an issue.

• #6 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16876-aortic-coarctation

  In adults, symptoms usually mean the aortic narrowing has returned after a repair (this is called aortic recoarctation). Its rare for CoA to go undiagnosed until adulthood. […] CoA is most dangerous when its undiagnosed and untreated. Ideally, diagnosis happens early in life so providers can offer early treatment and monitoring. […] Over time, coarctation of the aorta may cause a person to develop: High blood pressure (hypertension) throughout their body, Thicker than normal heart muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy), Plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to their heart (coronary artery disease) at an earlier age than usual, Abnormal bulging (aneurysm) or a tear (dissection) in their aorta, Bulging of a blood vessel in their brain (brain aneurysm), A heart that’s unable to pump out enough blood (heart failure).

• #7 Coarctation of the Aorta | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/coarctation-aorta

  The more severe the narrowing of the aorta, the more signs and symptoms a child will have, and the earlier the problem will be noticed. In infants, the onset of symptoms in a previously fine baby can be sudden and severe. On the other end of the spectrum, mild narrowing may not cause any symptoms at all. […] Common signs include: Heavy or rapid breathing, Pale skin, Poor feeding, Sweating, Irritability. […] The most common physical finding for coarctation of the aorta in an infant is that the baby’s femoral (leg) pulses are weak and difficult for the doctor to feel. […] In some cases, coarctation of the aorta may not be detected until school age, adolescence or even adulthood often during a routine blood pressure test. As the child grows, signs and symptoms can appear, such as: High blood pressure, Nosebleeds, Heart murmur, Headaches (from high blood pressure), Cramps in the lower sections of the body (from low blood pressure).

• #8 About Coarctation of the Aorta | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/coarctation-of-the-aorta.html

  In babies with a more severe form of coarctation of the aorta, early signs may include: Pale skin; Irritability; Heavy sweating; Difficulty breathing. […] Older children and adults with coarctation of the aorta often have high blood pressure in the arms. […] If the coarctation is very severe, enough blood may not be able to get through to the lower body. The extra stress on the heart can cause the walls of the heart to become thicker in order to pump harder. This eventually weakens the heart muscle. If the aorta is not widened, the heart may weaken enough that it leads to heart failure. […] Coarctation of the aorta is usually diagnosed after the baby is born. How early in life the defect is diagnosed usually depends on how mild or severe the symptoms are. […] Detection of the defect is often made during a physical exam. The pulse will be noticeably weaker in the legs or groin than it is in the arms or neck. A heart murmur—an abnormal whooshing sound caused by disrupted blood flow—may be heard through a doctor’s stethoscope.

• #8 About Coarctation of the Aorta | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/coarctation-of-the-aorta.html

  Coarctation of the aorta occurs when a baby’s aorta doesn’t form correctly as the baby develops during pregnancy. The narrowing, or coarctation, blocks normal blood flow to the body. This can back up flow into the left ventricle of the heart. As a result, the muscles in this ventricle work harder to get blood out of the heart. […] If the narrowing is severe enough and it is not diagnosed, the baby may have serious problems soon after birth. For this reason, coarctation of the aorta is considered a critical congenital heart defect (critical CHD). […] The narrowing of the aorta is usually located after arteries branch to the upper body. In infants, coarctation in this region can lead to: Normal or high blood pressure and pulsing of blood in the head and arms; Low blood pressure and weak pulses in the legs and lower body.

• #9 Aortic coarctation | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/aortic-coarctation

  Aortic coarctation is a heart condition that is also called 'coarctation of the aorta’. […] The symptoms depend on how severe the narrowing is. […] Babies with severe narrowing can become very unwell suddenly and need urgent treatment. This most commonly happens in the newborn period. […] Babies with coarctation of the aorta may: have pale, bluish or mottled skin, sweat heavily, have trouble breathing, breathe very rapidly, feed poorly, become irritable. […] Children with a mild narrowing of their aorta may not have obvious symptoms. They might be found to have high blood pressure. […] Other symptoms and signs or aortic coarctation can include: a heart murmur, leg pain or cramps when walking, headaches, chest pain, nosebleeds, cold feet.

• #10 Coarctation of the Aorta – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect involving a narrowing of the aorta. The narrowed segment called coarctation can occur anywhere in the aorta, but is most likely to happen in the segment just after the aortic arch. This narrowing restricts the amount of oxygen-rich (red) blood that can travel to the lower part of the body. Varying degrees of narrowing can occur. […] The more severe the narrowing, the more symptomatic a child will be, and the earlier the problem will be noticed. In some cases, coarctation is noted in infancy. In others, however, it may not be noted until school-age or adolescence. […] The following are the most common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Irritability, Pale skin, Sweating, Heavy and/or rapid breathing, Poor feeding, Poor weight gain, Cold feet and/or legs, Diminished or absent pulses in the feet, Blood pressure in the arms significantly greater than the blood pressure in the legs.

• #11 Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/coarctation-of-the-aorta-coa-in-children

  Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). It means that the aorta is narrower than it should be. The amount of narrowing can vary. A child with greater narrowing of the aorta will have more symptoms. The symptoms will also be seen at an early age. In some cases, coarctation is seen in infancy. In others, it may not be seen until the school-age or teen years. The most common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta are: Grouchiness. Pale skin. Sweating. Heavy or fast breathing. Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). Poor feeding or eating. Poor weight gain. Cold feet or legs. Weak pulses in the feet, or no pulses in the feet. Blood pressure in the arms that is much higher than the blood pressure in the legs. Chest pain. Pain in the lower legs with walking (claudication).

• #12 Coarctation of the Aorta – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta is a localized narrowing of the aortic lumen that results in upper-extremity hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and, if severe, malperfusion of the abdominal organs and lower extremities. Symptoms vary with the anomaly’s severity and range from headache, chest pain, cold extremities, fatigue, and leg claudication to fulminant heart failure and shock. […] If coarctation is significant, circulatory shock with renal insufficiency (oliguria or anuria) and metabolic acidosis may develop within the first 7 to 10 days of life and may mimic findings of other systemic disorders such as sepsis. Infants with critical (severe) coarctation are likely to become acutely ill as soon as the ductus arteriosus constricts or closes. […] Less severe coarctation may be asymptomatic during infancy. Subtle symptoms (eg, headache, chest pain, fatigue, and leg claudication during physical activities) may be present as children age. Upper-extremity hypertension is often present, but heart failure rarely develops after the neonatal period. […] Severe coarctation can manifest in the neonatal period with acidosis, renal insufficiency, and shock, but mild coarctation may not be apparent until an adolescent or adult is evaluated for hypertension or diminished femoral pulses.

• #13 Coarctation of the Aorta: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/895502-overview

  Coarctation of the aorta may occur as an isolated defect or in association with various other lesions, most commonly bicuspid aortic valve and ventricular septal defect (VSD). […] The diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta may be missed unless an index of suspicion is maintained, and diagnosis is often delayed until the patient develops congestive heart failure (CHF), which is common in infants, or hypertension, which is common in older children. […] Coarctation of the aorta imposes significant afterload on the left ventricle (LV), which results in increased wall stress and compensatory ventricular hypertrophy. […] These infants may rapidly develop CHF and shock. […] LV afterload may also gradually increase, allowing children with less severe coarctation to develop arterial collateral vessels that partially bypass the aortic obstruction.

• #13 Coarctation of the Aorta: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/895502-overview

  Generally, patients with coarctation of the aorta present early in life with CHF or later in life with hypertension. […] Coarctation of the aorta is a lifelong disease with a guarded prognosis. […] Patients with persistent hypertension, untreated residual obstruction, or other complications have a variable prognosis related to the severity of these problems. […] Data regarding long-term follow-up are limited. […] The survival curve, while not approaching that in the healthy population, is significantly improved compared with Campbell’s natural history data. […] Death appears to be secondary to recoarctation repair, aneurysms at site of coarctation repair or at a remote site, congestive heart failure, bacterial endocarditis, and hypertension.

• #14 Coarctation of the Aorta (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coa.html

  Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a narrowing of the aorta, the major blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body. This narrowing causes the left side of the heart to work harder to pump blood through the aorta. […] Sometimes the coarctation is minor and might not even cause symptoms. Other times, surgery or other procedures are needed to treat it. […] Usually, COA is found early. But some people aren’t diagnosed until they’re teens or even adults. In those cases, it’s usually because the narrowing in the aorta is not severe enough to cause serious symptoms until later in life. But even people who don’t have major symptoms need treatment because COA can eventually cause problems. The defect doesn’t go away on its own. […] Abnormal blood pressure is often the first sign of COA. During a physical exam, a doctor may find that a child with a coarctation has higher blood pressures in the arms than in the legs.

• #14 Coarctation of the Aorta (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coa.html

  Often, kids don’t have any symptoms and the COA is discovered during a regular visit to the doctor. Kids who do have symptoms might have: cold legs and feet, shortness of breath, especially when exercising, chest pain. […] After the defect is fixed, most symptoms of COA disappear right away because the blockage that caused those symptoms is gone. Some people will still have high blood pressure for a while and might have to take medicine to control it. […] But doctors recommend that all patients avoid some physical activities especially lifting heavy objects or sports that could cause an impact to the chest for several weeks or months to give the body enough time to heal.

• #15 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta-coa

  Many people don’t know there’s a problem. High blood pressure in the arms is typical. When present in a young person, it should prompt investigation for coarctation. Sometimes adults may have headaches, renal problems frequent miscarriages, or lack of energy when using their legs. However, such symptoms are common in the general population and are usually due to other causes. […] High blood pressure is the most common problem adults have. It can be present even if your coarctation was successfully fixed. High blood pressure is more common if the coarctation was repaired after five years old. Patients treated in childhood are at risk for redeveloping the coarctation (recoarctation) and may require catheterization. Most patients with recoarctation of the aorta after initial repair usually don’t have symptoms, which makes regular assessment by a physician all the more important.

• #15 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta-coa

  Coarctation obstructs blood flow from the heart to the lower part of the body. Blood pressure increases above the constriction. The blood pressure is much higher than normal in the left pumping chamber (left ventricle) and the heart must work harder to pump blood through the constriction in the aorta. This can cause thickening (hypertrophy) and damage to the overworked heart muscle. […] Usually no symptoms exist at birth, but they can develop as early as the first week after birth. A baby may develop congestive heart failure or high blood pressure. […] If the obstruction is mild, the heart won’t be very overworked and symptoms may not occur. In some children and adolescents, coarctation is discovered only after high blood pressure is found. […] Coarctation of the aorta can cause high blood pressure in the heart. This can cause the muscle of the heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) to become thick. Eventually, the function of the heart muscle could deteriorate if the condition isn’t treated.

• #16 Top 9 Warning Signs of Aortic Coarctation | Vejthani

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  The blood pressure depends on the area affected by the aortic coarctation. For example, the arms tend to have high blood pressure while the legs and ankles tend to have a lower one. […] A child with any of the following symptoms is recommended to see a doctor: Severe chest pain, Passing out, Sudden difficulty breathing, Hypertension without known causes.

• #17 Coarctation of the Aorta > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Symptoms include high blood pressure, chest pain, cold feet, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting. […] Children, teens, or adults who have undiagnosed coarctation of the aorta may have: High blood pressure, Chest pain, Cold feet, Dizziness, Shortness of breath, Fainting, Headaches, Nosebleeds, Poor growth, Failure to thrive, Leg cramps or leg fatigue while exercising, Kidney problems. […] The narrowed section of aorta prevents sufficient oxygen-rich blood from reaching the lower half of the body, including the legs and critical organs such as the kidneys and liver. When this happens, a newborn’s heart begins to pump harder than it should under normal conditions. In severe cases, the heart muscle can become thickened and enlarged, leading to heart failure. Without treatment, it may lead to death. […] If a person is born with mild or moderate coarctation of the aorta, however, doctors may not recognize the condition until years later, when routine tests uncover high blood pressure levels or when the person experiences symptoms, such as fainting, a heart murmur, or kidney problems, among others.

• #18 What Is Coarctation of the Aorta? | Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, the bodys largest artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. […] Many people with aortic coarctation will be symptom-free. If you have a mild case, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood when high blood pressure is detected. […] While high blood pressure is the most common symptom, adults also may experience: Cold feet or leg cramps, Chest pain, also known as angina, Headache, Muscle weakness, Nosebleeds. […] Babies and children with severe cases of aortic coarctation may show symptoms such as: Difficulty breathing, Difficulty feeding, Pale skin.

• #19 Aortic Coarctation: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150369-overview

  Symptoms of aortic coarctation may include the following: […] Early life: Congestive heart failure, severe acidosis, or poor perfusion to the lower body. […] Beyond infancy: Usually none; however, hypertension, headache, nosebleed, leg cramps, muscle weakness, cold feet, or neurologic changes may be seen. […] The prognosis for untreated aortic coarctation is poor. About 80% of untreated patients die of aortic dissection or rupture, heart failure, or intracranial hemorrhage. […] If coarctation is repaired before the age of 14 years, the 20-year survival rate is 91%. If coarctation is repaired after the age of 14 years, the 20-year survival rate is 79%. […] Late complications of aortic coarctation include recurrent coarctation, malignant hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, aortic valve dysfunction, and aneurysm formation with risk of rupture.

• #20 Aortic Coarctation Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/aortic-coarctation

  People with mild aortic coarctations may not develop symptoms until their teens or even later. […] Symptoms may include: Chest pain. Cold feet or legs. Dizziness or fainting. Decreased ability to exercise. Exercise-induced leg cramps. Failure to thrive. Frequent nosebleeds. Inadequate growth. Pounding headaches. Shortness of breath. […] If symptoms are severe, coarctation of the aorta is often diagnosed soon after birth. When symptoms are mild or absent, the condition may not be diagnosed until later in life. […] No matter the persons age at diagnosis, theyll need treatment for aortic coarctation once symptoms appear. […] Narrowing or coarctation of the artery can return after surgery. This condition is more likely in people who had surgery as a newborn. Even after surgery, children may still need to be treated with medication to control high blood pressure.

• #21

  https://www.skh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/coarctation-of-aorta

  Mild coarctation of the aorta rarely has symptoms. However, if the narrowing becomes severe, you may not tolerate exercise well and may experience headache or leg cramps after exertion. At the same time, you may also experience dizziness or palpitations. Do inform your cardiologist of any activity-related symptoms. […] Even after coarctation repair, your blood pressure may still be high or you may be at risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension) in later years. Regular blood pressure monitoring in both arms and legs are performed during your routine cardiology visits. Periodical investigations are also performed to check for re-coarctation.

• #22 Coarctation of the Aorta: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/coarctation-of-the-aorta-leaflet

  People with less severe narrowing will present later as they develop extra blood vessels, called collateral blood vessels, so that some blood is able to bypass the narrowed part of the aorta. These collateral blood vessels may be enough for some time. Symptoms may not become obvious until later in childhood (and sometimes even adulthood). Eventually your heart is no longer able to cope and heart failure develops, with shortness of breath, coughing, feeling tired and swelling of the feet and legs.

• #22 Coarctation of the Aorta: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/coarctation-of-the-aorta-leaflet

  Coarctation of the aorta is a type of congenital heart disease where there is a narrowing in part of the aorta, the main artery that leaves the left side of the heart. […] Symptoms result from heart failure because your heart is not able to push blood through the narrowed part of the aorta. This causes a back-pressure of blood and congestion of the lungs, leading to symptoms including shortness of breath. […] More severe narrowing may cause early symptoms, in the first few weeks of life – as the ductus arteriosus closes: There may be poor feeding. There may be heart failure signs: breathlessness; a rapid breathing rate; swelling of the body. […] How much the aorta is narrowed in coarctation of the aorta can be different in different people. Some babies will be born with severe narrowing which can lead to symptoms soon after they are born. However, in others, the narrowing is less severe and symptoms may not be noticed until later. In some people, the narrowing may gradually get worse over time and therefore lead to symptoms. Occasionally, coarctation of the aorta does not cause any symptoms or is not detected until adult life.

• #23 Coarctation of the Aorta

  https://med.uth.edu/heartandvascular/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  The severity of symptoms in individuals with Coarctation of the aorta can vary. Common symptoms may include: High blood pressure (hypertension) in the arms. Low blood pressure in the lower part of the body, leading to diminished pulses in the legs and feet. Chest pain or discomfort. Headaches. Nosebleeds. Leg cramps and cool skin in the lower extremities. Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity. In severe cases, CoA can lead to heart failure. […] If you experience symptoms such as high blood pressure, chest pain, headaches, or any signs of poor circulation to the lower extremities, it is essential to consult a physician for evaluation. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are crucial to address Coarctation of the aorta and prevent complications related to hypertension and reduced blood flow to vital organs.

• #24 Coarctation of the Aorta – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  A child who did not have symptoms as a baby may develop symptoms later in childhood. The symptoms come from problems with blood flow and an enlarged heart. Your child may: Feel dizzy or short of breath, Faint, Have chest pain, Be more tired than normal, Get headaches or nosebleeds, Have cold legs and feet, Have pain in their legs when they exercise.

• #25 Coarctation of the aorta – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Symptoms are different for adults and children who have coarctation of the aorta. It may first be noticed in childhood if you have high blood pressure or difficulty breathing, caused by your heart working harder. […] Most adults who find out they have coarctation of the aorta will not have any symptoms. Its often picked up during a routine test like having your blood pressure checked. […] If you do get symptoms, they may include: high blood pressure, shortness of breath, tiredness in legs, leg cramps or cold feet. […] High blood pressure is one of the most common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta in adults. If you have coarctation of the aorta, your blood pressure is often higher in the top part of your body like your arms and lower in your legs and ankles. This is because the narrowed part of your aorta is usually found after your blood has already been sent to the upper part of your body. So, your upper body gets much more blood while the lower body gets less.

• #25 Coarctation of the aorta – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  After its been repaired, most people living with coarctation of the aorta live a normal life. Youll be offered appointments at a congenital heart disease specialist clinic, where they check your heart for the rest of your life. Even if you feel well, going to these appointments is important because you may get changes in your heart before you get symptoms. […] Even if youve had your aorta repaired before, its possible to get coarctation of the aorta again at any point in your life. This is called re-coarctation of the aorta and it happens because the same part of the aorta narrows or another part gets too large. You may need to have treatment to repair the aorta again if this happens.

• #26 Coarctation of the Aorta(COA) | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  Coarctation of the aorta can range from mild to severe. The severity of the condition depends on how narrow the aorta is. The more narrow the aorta becomes, the less blood that can pass through to the body and the worse the symptoms may be. […] Nearly half the children with coarctation of the aorta will develop visible symptoms within the first few days of life. In some milder cases, symptoms might not be apparent until adolescence. […] Coarctation of the aorta symptoms in infants include: Paleness, Sweating, Difficulty breathing, Poor weight gain. […] Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta in older children are: Poor growth, High blood pressure, Shortness of breath, Fainting, Dizziness, Headaches, Leg cramps, Cold feet and legs. […] After surgery, most children with coarctation of the aorta live healthy, normal lives. However, they will have an increased risk of high blood pressure later in life. Rarely, there is also a chance that the condition might reoccur because of normal growth or heart disease. If this occurs, the coarctation can be repaired again by surgery or by cardiac catheterization.

• #27 Aortic Coarctation | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/aortic-coarctation

  Aortic coarctation is a narrowing of part of the aorta, the artery that sends oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Many people with this condition will not have symptoms until later in life. However, it can lead to hypertension resulting in stroke, congestive heart failure and complications of coronary artery disease. […] Symptoms of aortic coarctation include: Difficulty breathing with exertion, called exertional dyspnea, Headaches, Nose bleeds, called epistaxis, Leg fatigue and cramps. In untreated patients younger than 30 years old, aortic rupture and cerebral hemorrhage are the most common complications. After age 40, the incidence of congestive heart failure increases.

• #28 Aortic coarctation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/698

  Aortic coarctation is characterized by a blood pressure differential between upper and lower extremities (upper lower). […] In neonates, may present with shock if there is inadequate systemic perfusion once the ductus arteriosus closes. […] Physical exam may show diminished, absent, or delayed lower extremity pulses compared with upper extremity pulses. […] If the narrowing is severe, it may present in the newborn period once the ductus arteriosus closes as low cardiac output and shock (critical coarctation). […] Key diagnostic factors include hypertension presenting at a young age or resistant to treatment, diminished lower extremity pulses, and differential upper and lower extremity blood pressure (BP). […] Long-term complications include persistent hypertension or aneurysm formation at site of surgery or balloon.

• #29 Aortic coarctation – Child Heart Specialist

  https://www.childheartspecialist.com/london/aortic-coarctation/

  The typical presentation of coarctation is in the first few days or weeks after birth when children become unwell and develop symptoms as the arterial duct spontaneously and normally closes after birth. Typically, children present with lethargy, poor feeding, pale or mottled skin colour and breathlessness. […] In some children the diagnosis can be suspected before birth by foetal echo but this is unusual as some of the changes that occur after birth are related to the development of coarctation. Some children are born with very mild degrees of coarctation and it can take weeks, months or sometimes even years for the full coarctation to develop. In the meantime, the problem can easily go unnoticed. In these children and adolescents the finding of a heart murmur or high blood pressure on the upper limbs can be the first sign of aortic coarctation. Chest pain and reduced tolerance to exercise are also reported complaints. Achy legs are sometimes reported, especially in relation with exercise. Some people with aortic coarctation are not diagnosed until they are adults but this is now quite unusual.

• #30 Aortic coarctation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/698

  Aortic coarctation is characterised by a blood pressure differential between upper and lower extremities (upper lower). […] In neonates, may present with shock if there is inadequate systemic perfusion once the ductus arteriosus closes. […] Physical examination may show diminished, absent, or delayed lower extremity pulses compared with upper extremity pulses. […] If the narrowing is severe, it may present in the newborn period once the ductus arteriosus closes as low cardiac output and shock (critical coarctation). […] Key diagnostic factors include hypertension presenting at a young age or resistant to treatment, diminished lower extremity pulses, and differential upper and lower extremity blood pressure (BP). […] Long-term complications include persistent hypertension or aneurysm formation at site of surgery or balloon.

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• #32 Coarctation of the Aorta: Symptoms & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Most individuals with COA dont show symptoms. Therefore, COA may not be diagnosed until adulthood. […] In severe cases, babies may have the following Coarctation of Aorta symptoms shortly after birth: Trouble feeding, Irritability, Increased sweating, Pallid or pale skin, Problems breathing. […] Coarctation of Aorta signs that occur later in life can include: Headaches, Nosebleeds, Weaker muscles, Easily exhausted, High blood pressure, Chest pain, Leg cramps, Cold feet, Chest discomfort or pain.

• #33 Coarctation of the Aorta | Condition Overview | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta can range from mild to severe depending on how narrow the aorta is. […] Young children with a mild coarctation may not show any symptoms until later in life, while babies with more serious cases can develop the following symptoms early on: Difficulty breathing, Heavy sweating, Irritability, Pale skin, Problems with feeding. […] For older children and adults, symptoms may include: Chest pain, Exercise intolerance, Headaches, High blood pressure, Leg cramps or cold feet, Muscle weakness, Nosebleeds.

• #34 Coarctation of the aorta – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta/symptoms-causes/syc-20352529

  Complications of coarctation of the aorta happen because the left lower heart chamber has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed artery. This makes blood pressure go up in the lower left heart chamber. Also, the wall of the chamber can get thick. This condition is called ventricular hypertrophy. […] Prompt treatment is needed to help prevent complications. Without treatment, coarctation of the aorta may lead to: Kidney failure. Heart failure. Death. […] To prevent complications, people with coarctation of the aorta need regular health checkups for life.

• #35 Current management of coarctation of the aorta

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4710863/

  Coarctation of the aorta (C) is the sixth most common lesion in congenital heart disease and represents a spectrum of aortic narrowing that varies from a discrete entity to tubular hypoplasia. […] Depending on the balance between the degree of flow disturbance and the compensatory mechanisms available to overcome it, the clinical presentation may vary from the critically ill neonate in heart failure to the asymptomatic child or adult with hypertension. Untreated coarctation carries a poor prognosis with average survival age of 35 years of age; with 75% mortality by 46 years of age. […] Long term complications are the consequence of long-term hypertension including premature coronary artery disease, stroke, endocarditis, aortic dissection and heart failure. […] Infants with critical coarctation are at risk for developing heart failure and death when the ductus arteriosus closes.

• #35 Current management of coarctation of the aorta

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4710863/

  Correction of coarctation should be performed in infancy or early childhood to prevent the development of chronic systemic hypertension as delayed repair after early childhood does not prevent persistence or late recurrence of systemic hypertension. […] Long term problems may occur after all forms of treatment. The most important complications are arterial hypertension, recoarctation and aneurysms of the ascending aorta or at the site of intervention. […] Recoarctation may occur with all surgical techniques; no single technique appears to be superior to the others. […] Hypertension is among the factors that contribute to premature death from coronary and cerebrovascular disease following repair of coarctation of the aorta. […] Although the blood pressure typically falls after successful repair, persistent or recurrent hypertension and disproportionate systolic hypertension with exercise are observed.

• #36 Coarctation of the Aorta I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta may be detected by a physician who notices: High blood pressure in the arms, A blood pressure difference between the arms and legs, A heart murmur, A weak pulse in the legs. […] Re-narrowing can occur without symptoms. If you had your condition repaired in childhood and narrowing has recurred, you may be a candidate for an additional cardiac catheterization procedure.

• #36 Coarctation of the Aorta I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta, or narrowing of the aorta, may cause the heart to thicken and weaken over time. […] This narrowing can cause increased blood pressure in your arms, and decreased blood pressure in your legs. The extra pressure in the heart can cause the heart muscle to thicken, which may cause it to weaken over time. If the narrowing is severe, symptoms are present in infancy. If it is not treated, heart failure or death can occur. […] Symptoms vary depending on the degree of narrowing. Symptoms in infants include: Difficulty breathing, Paleness, Sweating, Irritability. […] The most common presenting symptom in older children or adults is high blood pressure. […] If they do have symptoms, they may include: High blood pressure, Muscle weakness, Headaches, Nosebleeds, Shortness of breath, Cold feet, Leg cramps.

• #37 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/coarctation-of-the-aorta-pro

  Coarctation of the aorta is associated with berry aneurysms (estimated at approximately 10%). […] These aneurysms can rupture leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage and its complications, including death. […] A subarachnoid haemorrhage can be the presenting feature of coarctation of the aorta. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are important as long-term data consistently demonstrate that patients with coarctation of the aorta have a reduced life expectancy and increased risk of cardiovascular complications. […] If untreated, outlook is poor with less than a fifth surviving beyond the age of 50 years. Even after angioplasty or surgical treatment there are significant morbidity and mortality. […] The main determinants of long-term survival include factors such as age at operation and degree and duration of hypertension.

• #37 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/coarctation-of-the-aorta-pro

  It can be diagnosed with ultrasound in utero. However, it is difficult to diagnose antenatally. […] If severe, it usually presents in the first three weeks of life with poor feeding, lethargy, tachypnoea or overt congestive cardiac failure and shock. Initially the baby may be well, depending on whether other anomalies are also present and how long the ductus arteriosus remains patent. However, the infant becomes ill, often abruptly, with closure of the ductus arteriosus. The presence of a VSD will accelerate development of symptoms. […] Patients are usually asymptomatic and the diagnosis is usually made on examination, prompted often by the presence of, for example, a murmur or hypertension. […] It can cause headache, nosebleeds and leg cramps, particularly with exercise, although claudication is unusual.

• #37 Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/coarctation-of-the-aorta-pro

  If the left subclavian circulation is affected the left arm may be smaller. […] Lower-limb muscle weakness, cold feet or neurological symptoms in the legs (poor blood supply to the spinal cord) may be the presenting feature. […] Pulses distal to the obstruction are diminished and delayed. Simultaneous palpation of upper and lower limb pulses reveals the clinical hallmark of radiofemoral delay with reduced pulse amplitude in the lower limbs. […] BP may be higher in the upper limbs, but the left arm BP can be normal or low if coarctation involves the origin of the left subclavian artery. […] Auscultation reveals a systolic or continuous murmur, usually heard in the left infraclavicular area and under the left scapula. An ejection click may signify associated bicuspid aortic valve (present in about 85% of cases). A thrill or hum due to flow in aberrant collateral vessels may be present over the chest or abdominal wall.

• #38 Coarctation of the aorta | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta?content_id=CON-20303963

  Complications of coarctation of the aorta happen because the left lower heart chamber has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed artery. This makes blood pressure go up in the lower left heart chamber. Also, the wall of the chamber can get thick. This condition is called ventricular hypertrophy. Prompt treatment is needed to help prevent complications. Without treatment, coarctation of the aorta may lead to: Kidney failure. Heart failure. Death.

• #39 Coarctation of the Aorta – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  All repaired coarctation patients are at risk of developing the following problems: Narrowing of the Aorta, High Blood Pressure, Swelling in the Aorta (Aneurysms), Brain Aneurysm/Stroke, Valve Problems, Coronary Artery Disease, Infection. […] Most patients with repaired coarctation can exercise normally. […] Coarctation should be repaired before you become pregnant. Women with unrepaired coarctation are most at risk for problems during pregnancy. […] About 15-20% of women with coarctation have high blood pressure during pregnancy. […] Coarctation of the aorta is a lifelong disorder. But the good news is that most people with coarctation continue to do well.

• #39 Coarctation of the Aorta – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  People with coarctation of the aorta are born with an aorta that is too narrow. […] If the aorta is very narrow, blood will not be able to pass. This kind of coarctation is usually found at birth. If the narrowing is less severe, it may not be detected until later in life. […] When coarctation is severe it is usually diagnosed at birth. These babies may have heart failure or go into shock. They are often very ill. Surgery is needed right away to repair the coarctation. […] In undiagnosed adults a heart murmur or high blood pressure might lead to a diagnosis. One common clue is a difference in the blood pressure between the arms and legs. This can indicate that there is a narrowing in the aorta. […] Over time, all repaired coarctation patients are at risk of having their aortas re-narrow. This risk seems to be higher in patients who have been treated via catheter.

• #40 Coarctation of the Aorta | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/coarctation

  Coarctation is also considered when the doctor is unable to feel pulses in a child’s legs. High blood pressure in the arms (but not the legs) is often present. A heart murmur is usually present. It may be loudest in the back where the aorta is located. […] Return or re-occurrence of coarctation at the site of surgical or balloon treatment is possible. This may even happen years after surgery. The rate of restenosis is highest among newborns. This happens in 10-20% of patients. The rate of recurrent coarctation after surgical repair decreases in older children. The rate is close to zero by age 3 years. Some patients with recurrent coarctation may need repeat surgery. Most cases can be managed with balloon dilation of the area of narrowing or stenting. […] Another concern after coarctation repair is hypertension (high blood pressure). While this is rarely seen in infants, most older children have unusually high blood pressure right after surgery. This is treated with intravenous medicines while in the hospital. Children will often be sent home with medicine to take by mouth to treat high blood pressure.

• #40 Coarctation of the Aorta | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/coarctation

  Coarctation of the aorta is typically present from birth or shortly after birth. The age at which coarctation is found depends on the severity of the narrowing. […] In about 25% of cases of isolated coarctation (without other associated cardiac defects), the narrowing is severe enough to cause symptoms in the first days of life. When the ductus arteriosus closes, the left ventricle must suddenly pump against much higher resistance to blood flow at the area of the coarctation. This can lead to heart failure and shock. Because these newborns are well until the ductus arteriosus closes, symptoms appear quickly. They are often severe. […] In patients who do not develop heart failure as newborns, coarctation may not be found until the child is several years old. In these older patients, coarctation is often first thought of because of a heart murmur or high blood pressure.

• #40 Coarctation of the Aorta | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/coarctation

  Lifelong follow-up with a cardiologist is important for children after coarctation treatment to diagnose late problems of restenosis or high blood pressure. Follow-up visits include a physical exam with blood pressure measurements in both the arms and legs. Periodic echocardiograms are also needed. In older and larger patients, cardiac MRI or CT scans done to get a better look at the repaired aorta. Long-term cardiology follow-up is also important for any additional heart problems.

• #41 Coarctation of the Aorta – Children’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/birth-defects-of-the-heart/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Infants with severe coarctation become suddenly ill when they are a few days old, showing signs of heart failure and decreased blood flow to the lower body. […] Infants with mild coarctation usually have few or no symptoms. Infants with moderate coarctation may have rapid, sometimes labored breathing, a fast heart beat, poor feeding, grayish skin coloration, decreased number of wet diapers, and irritability or lethargy. […] With a severe coarctation in infancy, blood can flow to the lower portion of the aorta (at a point past its narrowing) through the open connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, the ductus arteriosus. Symptoms usually do not occur until the ductus closes, usually when the newborn is a few days old. After the closure, the blood supplied through the ductus disappears, sometimes causing sudden loss of almost the entire blood supply to the lower body. Sudden, catastrophic heart failure and low blood pressure can result.

• #42 Coarctation of the Aorta | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/heart-center/understanding-coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  More often, doctors discover the coarctation of the aorta shortly after birth or even later in childhood or adulthood. The detection of the coarctation depends on the degree of narrowing within the aorta and the type of cardiac symptoms the individual develops. A moderate or severe coarctation can develop symptoms more quickly, while a mild coarctation may develop symptoms over years. […] About one in four babies have a more severe coarctation of the aorta and develop cardiac symptoms within the first week of life or after the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closes. […] In infants with moderate to severe coarctation of the aorta, the cardiac symptoms may develop quickly. The signs and symptoms can include: Heart murmur an extra heart sound heard with a stethoscope, Pale or gray skin color, Irritability, Heavy sweating, Heavy and/or rapid breathing, Poor feeding, Poor weight gain, Coolness of the feet, ankle or legs, Strong pulses in the arms and weak or absent pulses in the femoral artery pulse (taken in the groin area) or in the legs, High blood pressures in the arms and lower/absent in the legs.

• #42 Coarctation of the Aorta | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/heart-center/understanding-coarctation-of-the-aorta/

  In people with a mild coarctation of the aorta, the symptoms may occur more slowly and not be detected until the child is older or possibly in adulthood. The signs and symptoms may include: High blood pressure in the arms, Cold feet or legs, Shortness of breath with exercise, Chest pain, Dizziness, Fainting, Nosebleeds, Headaches, Leg cramps, Muscle weakness, Heart murmur.

• #43 Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=coarctation-of-the-aorta-coa-in-children-90-P01770

  Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). It means the aorta is narrower than it should be. The amount of narrowing can vary. A child with greater narrowing of the aorta will have more symptoms. The symptoms will also be seen at an early age. In some cases, coarctation is seen in infancy. In others, it may not be seen until school-age or teen years. These are the most common symptoms of coarctation of the aorta: Grouchiness, Pale skin, Sweating, Heavy or fast breathing, Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), Poor feeding or eating, Poor weight gain, Cold feet or legs, Weak pulses in the feet, or no pulses in the feet, Blood pressure in the arms that is much higher than the blood pressure in the legs, Chest pain, Pain in lower legs with walking (claudication). Mild narrowing may not cause symptoms at all. The symptoms of COA can seem like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Symptoms can vary from mild to more severe. They may include trouble breathing, poor weight gain, poor feeding, and pale skin. If not treated, it can lead to coronary artery disease, kidneys not working well, high blood pressure in the upper body and low blood pressure in the lower body, and even death.

• #44 Coarctation of the aorta | Symptoms & causes | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/coarctation-of-the-aorta

  Coarctation of the aorta symptoms can be mild to severe and are usually corrected with surgery. […] Coarctation of the aorta symptoms are caused by moderate to severe narrowing of the aorta. Each child may experience symptoms differently, and only about 25% of cases have symptoms that are present immediately after birth. The following are the most common coarctation of the aorta symptoms: Irritability, Pale skin, Sweating, Heavy and/or rapid breathing, Poor feeding, Poor weight gain. […] Mild narrowing of the aorta may not cause symptoms at all. Often in these cases, a school-aged child or adolescent is simply noted to have high blood pressure or a heart murmur on a physical examination. Some may complain of headaches or cramps in the lower sections of the body. […] Once the aorta is repaired, most symptoms will disappear quickly because the narrowing is gone. Most children who have had a coarctation of the aorta surgical repair will live healthy lives. Activity levels, appetite, and growth should eventually return to normal.

• #45 Coarctation of the Aorta – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://www.kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21808-coarctation-of-the-aorta

  The symptoms of coarctation of the aorta depend on the severity of the narrowing. In approximately 50 percent of cases of isolated coarctation, the narrowing is severe enough to cause symptoms in the first few days of life when the ductus arteriosus closes. When the ductus arteriosus closes, the left ventricle must suddenly pump against much higher resistance which can lead to symptoms of heart failure or shock, such as rapid breathing, sweating, or lethargy. Because these newborns are well up until the ductus arteriosus closes, symptoms appear rapidly and are often severe. […] In mild cases of coarctation, symptoms may be subtle and the diagnosis may not be made for several years. After infancy, the most frequent findings leading to the detection of coarctation are a heart murmur, diminished lower extremity pulses, or high blood pressure in the arms. Symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, or syncope are unusual in the setting of coarctation of the aorta.

• #46 Coarctation of the Aorta: A Comprehensive Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/coarctation-of-the-aorta-a-comprehensive-guide/

  Early diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta can lead to better outcomes. If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned or if your child shows signs of distress, its vital to seek medical attention. High blood pressure in the arms or a significant discrepancy between arm and leg blood pressure can be an indicator. Regular check-ups during infancy and childhood can help in early diagnosis and management. […] Patients whove had CoA repair, even if successfully treated during childhood, need lifelong follow-up because complications can arise in adulthood. These might include: Persistent or recurrent hypertension, Re-narrowing of the aorta (re-coarctation), Aneurysm formation at the site of the repair, Premature coronary artery disease. […] The psychosocial impact of a congenital heart defect, like Coarctation of the Aorta, cant be understated. Some individuals may experience anxiety or depression related to their medical history, potential complications, and concerns about the future. Counseling and support groups can be beneficial in these cases.

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