Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Clavicle Fractures – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507892/

  Fractures of the clavicle are quite common, accounting for up to 10% of all fractures. […] A fall onto the lateral shoulder most frequently causes a clavicle fracture. […] In 87% of reported cases, a clavicle fracture results from a fall directly onto the lateral shoulder. Less commonly, fractures may result from direct trauma to the clavicle or from a fall onto an outstretched hand. […] Clavicle fractures represent 2% to 10% of all fractures. […] The middle third of the clavicle is fractured in 69% of cases, the distal third is fractured in 28% of cases, and the proximal third is fractured in 3% of cases. […] The clavicle is an S-shaped bone and is the only osseous link between the upper extremity and the trunk. […] Due to its superficial subcutaneous location and the numerous ligamentous and muscular forces applied to it, the clavicle is easily fractured.

• #2 Clavicle Fracture/Broken Collar Bone | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/broken-collar-bone/

  The collar bone (clavicle) is an S-shaped bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade bone). […] Fractures of the collar bone most commonly occur with a fall onto the side of the shoulder. […] Broken collar bones are most common in athletes who participate in football, hockey, and soccer or sports with a high risk of falling, such as biking or horseback riding. […] Clavicle fractures are often easily recognized. […] Immediate treatment is focused on relieving pain and swelling with icing, rest and pain medication. […] Clavicle fractures rarely fail to heal on their own, but surgery may be required if: The fracture breaks the skin, There is nerve or blood vessel damage, The fracture pieces are significantly displaced, particularly in older children and teens. […] These fractures generally heal in three to six weeks. […] The goal is to return to activity as quickly and safely as possible. […] Fractures heal very quickly in young children, so kids are often able to return to sports more quickly than adolescents and adults with the same type of injury.

• #3 Clavicle fractures – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clavicle-fractures

  Clavicle fractures occur commonly, often from indirect or direct trauma to the shoulder region. […] Approximately 87 percent of clavicle fractures are caused by a fall onto the shoulder. […] Traffic accidents and sports account for most fractures among the young. […] Unusual causes of clavicle fractures include a direct blow from an object to the clavicle and indirect trauma from falls onto an outstretched hand. […] There is no correlation between the mechanism of injury and the site of fracture.

• #4 Clavicle Fracture FAQs | Shoulder | Doctor Articles | Asia Medical Specialists

  https://asiamedicalspecialists.hk/en/health-info/30/Clavicle-Fracture-FAQs

  Most (87%) are due to a fall onto the shoulder, 7% are due to direct blow to point of the shoulder and only 6% are due to a fall onto the outstretched hand. […] The overall nonunion (failure to heal) rate in this type of fracture is about 2%. […] The chance of non-union ranges from about 8%, mostly in high energy trauma, 3% to 15% in completely displaced fractures. […] The degree of fracture fragment displacement is the most important risk factor for nonunion. […] A study showed that initial shortening at the fracture of more than 20 mm had a highly significant association with non-union and the chance of an unsatisfactory result. […] The secondary neurovascular problems that may accompany a clavicular non-union include thoracic outlet syndrome, subclavian artery or vein compression or thrombosis, and brachial plexus palsy (damage to the nerves to the arm). […] Almost all displaced lateral clavicle fractures should be operated, as they have a very high rate of non-union, and the non-unions are very difficult to treat.

• #5 Clavicle – Cambridge Shoulder

  https://cambridgeshoulder.co.uk/shoulder/clavicle/

  A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone, one of the main bones in the shoulder. The clavicle is the mostly commonly broken bone around the shoulder and accounts for about 5% of all adult fractures. A clavicle fracture can be extremely painful making it difficult to move the arm and to lie down flat. Most clavicle fractures can be treated non-operatively with initial immobilisation in a sling. However, some clavicle fractures due to either the position of the broken bones, associated injuries or the needs of the patient can be treated with surgical fixation. […] Clavicle fractures can be caused by a direct injury – onto the bone, such as a rugby tackle or an indirect injury – such as fall from a bike or a horse onto the shoulder and the force being transmitted down the clavicle which breaks.

• #6 Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/clavicle-fracture-broken-collarbone/

  A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone, one of the main bones in the shoulder. This type of fracture is fairly common, accounting for about 5% of all adult fractures. […] Most clavicle fractures occur when a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched arm puts enough pressure on the bone that it snaps or breaks. […] Clavicle fractures are most often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder. This can happen during a fall onto the shoulder or an accident, like a car collision. A fall onto an outstretched arm can also cause a clavicle fracture. […] If the broken ends of the bones have significantly shifted out of place, your doctor may recommend surgery. […] Surgery typically involves putting the broken pieces of bone back into position and preventing them from moving out of place until they are healed.

• #7 Clavicle Fracture – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/shoulder/clavicle-fracture/

  Clavicle fractures will occur through either a direct (trauma directly onto the clavicle) or indirect (such as a fall onto the shoulder) mechanism of injury. […] The medial fragment will often displace superiorly, due to the pull of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, whilst the lateral fragment will displace inferiorly from the weight of the arm.

• #8 The clavicular fracture: a biomechanical study of the mechanism of clavicular fracture and modes of the fracture – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10932494/

  A clavicle is an S-shaped long bone whose biomechanical behavior is unlike that of a straight tubular long bone. When a clavicle is under a compression load along the axis, the force produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture. The present study is a biomechanical study to confirm the clinical observations of the mechanism of the fracture and to discover the tension site and compression site of the fracture, using 12 fresh cadaveric clavicles, a universal testing machine and two special grips. […] The result found that the average load of the clavicular fracture was 1526.19 N. The fracture occurred at the middle one-third of the clavicle in the region of the curve of the lateral clavicle changing to the curve of the medial clavicle. While primatic cross section of the clavicle at the fracture site determined a tension and a compression site of the fracture, the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a tension site and posteroinferior aspect as a compression site. […] This study confirmed that a compression load along the axis of the clavicle produces a middle one-third clavicular fracture as in clinical observation and the fracture took the superoanterior aspect of the clavicle as a tension site.

• #9 Clavicle fractures: epidemiology, classification and treatment of 2 422 fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register; an observational study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-017-1444-1

  Fractures of the clavicle, which primarily occur in young males, constitute 2.64% of all fractures in adults. A male dominance of approximately 70% has been reported. The most frequent injury mechanism is a direct fall on the shoulder. Fractures are often sustained during sports activities or traffic accidents. The majority (69-82%) of fractures occur in the midshaft of the clavicle, followed by 12-26% in the lateral part and 2-6% in the medial part. This can be anatomically explained by the fact that the medial and lateral parts of the clavicle are firmly secured by strong ligaments and muscles, whereas the middle part of the clavicle lacks any strong attachments and thus is more vulnerable to trauma. The muscle attachments often cause a dislocation of the major fragments in clavicle fractures and a shortening of the clavicle, particularly in midshaft fractures. […] The most commonly used operative method today is open reduction and internal plate fixation; a smaller number of fractures are treated with intramedullary nails, pins or wires. […] The majority of the high-energy injuries resulted in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.

• #10

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1011/clavicle-fractures–midshaft

  Midshaft Clavicle fractures are common traumatic injuries caused by a direct impact to the shoulder girdle and is most commonly seen in young, active adults. […] mechanism of injury includes fall onto lateral aspect of shoulder (85%) and direct impact to clavicle. […] junction of the outer and middle third is the thinnest part of the bone, prone to fracture with axial loading. […] displaced fractures occur when the medial fragment is pulled posterosuperiorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the lateral fragment is pulled inferomedially by pectoralis major and the weight of the arm. […] open fractures usually result from medial fragment „buttonholing” through platysma.

• #11 Clavicular fracture | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/clavicular-fracture?lang=us

  Clavicular fractures are common and account for ~5% (range 2.6-10%) of all fractures. They usually require minimal treatment, which relies on analgesia and a collar-and-cuff. However, in some cases, open reduction and internal fixation are required. […] Fractures can occur at any part of the clavicle. However, the vast majority (~75%; range 69-85%) occur in the midshaft, at or near the junction of the middle and outer third with distal clavicle fractures (15-20%) and medial clavicle fractures (5%) less common. […] Typically, fractured clavicles occur as the result of a direct blow to the shoulder. Fall onto the shoulder or onto an outstretched arm can cause this. […] The midshaft fracture dominance is due to two factors. Firstly this is the thinnest part of the bone, and secondly, it is the only part of the bone not reinforced by attached musculature and ligaments.

• #12 Clavicle fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle_fracture

  A clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a bone fracture of the clavicle. […] Clavicle fractures are commonly known as a breaking of the collarbone, and they are usually a result of injury or trauma. The most common type of fracture occurs when a person falls vertically onto the shoulder or with an outstretched hand. A direct hit to the collarbone can also cause a break. In most cases, the direct hit occurs from the joint side towards the body side of the bone. The muscles involved in clavicle fractures include the deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, sternocleidomastoid, and sternohyoid. The ligaments involved include the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament. […] It is most often fractured in the middle third of its length which is its weakest point. The lateral fragment of the clavicle during a fracture is depressed by the weight of the arm and is pulled downward by the strong abductor muscles of the shoulder joint, especially the deltoid. The part of the clavicle near the center of the body is tilted upwards by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

• #13 Clavicle fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavicle_fracture

  After fracture of the clavicle, the sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the medial fragment of the bone. The trapezius muscle is unable to hold up the distal fragment owing to the weight of the upper limb, thus the shoulder droops. The adductor muscles of the arm, such as the pectoralis major, may pull the distal fragment medially, causing the bone fragments to override.

• #14

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/12770/clavicle-fractures–distal

  Distal clavicle fractures are traumatic injuries usually caused by direct trauma to the shoulder from a fall in adults. […] Diagnosis is confirmed with standard shoulder radiographs and a 15 cephalic tilt view (zanca view). […] Treatment is immobilization or surgery, depending on the displacement and stability of the distal clavicle, as determined by whether coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments (trapezoid and conoid) are intact. […] Mechanism: similar mechanism to midshaft clavicle fractures; usually occurs after a direct compressive force is applied to the shoulder, i.e. after a fall or trauma. […] Fracture displacement corresponds to fracture location (e.g. extra-articular vs. intra-articular), fracture pattern (e.g. simple vs. comminuted), and integrity of the coracoclavicular ligaments. […] Conoid (medial) and trapezoid (lateral) provide primary resistance to superior displacement of the lateral clavicle.

• #15 Broken Collarbone (Clavicle Fracture): Treatment & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16874-broken-collarbone-clavicle-fracture

  A broken collarbone is a fracture or break in your clavicle bone. Your collarbone connects to your shoulder joint. Trauma to your shoulder is one way to fracture your collarbone. […] Trauma to your shoulder is an easy way to break your collarbone. […] Your provider may also use a specific classification system (like Neers) to label your fracture as a certain type. These types describe the location of the fracture and whether other tissues are involved. Classification systems like these help your provider assess your injury and decide how best to treat it. […] A fractured collarbone is usually the result of a traumatic injury. Common causes include falls, collisions, car accidents, and birth trauma. […] Most clavicle fractures heal well with conservative treatment. Only a small percentage will need surgery.

• #16 Clavicle Fractures – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507892/

  Because the midshaft of the clavicle is the thinnest segment and does not contain ligamentous attachments, it is the most easily fractured location. […] Many important structures are adjacent to the clavicle and thus subject to injury when a fracture occurs. […] More than 85 percent of clavicular fractures occur by a fall onto the shoulder. […] Clavicle fractures do occur in isolation but when there is a high energy injury one should always look for associated injuries like a pneumothorax, hemothorax, and head trauma. […] Repetitive stress on proximal clavicle from different activities may lead to a stress fracture in patients with no history of acute trauma. […] The Allman classification has been further revised by Neer and includes the following: Type 1 fracture where there is minimal displacement.

• #17 Clavicle Fractures – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507892/

  Type 2 fracture occurs when the medial fragment is separated from the coracoclavicular complex. […] Type 3 fracture is where there is non-displacement of the fracture but it extends into the acromioclavicular joint. […] Serious associated injuries are found in approximately 90% of displaced proximal clavicle fractures. […] If signs of neurovascular compromise exist, displaced proximal fractures should be immediately reduced. […] Nonunion is the failure of the fracture to heal in 4 to 6 months. […] In middle-third clavicle fractures, the nonunion rate for all fractures treated nonoperatively is 6%, increasing to 15% in displaced fractures. […] Nonunion rates for distal third clavicle fractures range from 28% to 44%. […] Proximal-third clavicle fracture complications include nonunion and posttraumatic arthritis. […] Acutely, proximal clavicle fractures displaced inwardly may result in severe intrathoracic injuries, including brachial plexus injury, subclavian vessel injury, and pneumothorax.

• #18 Clavicle fractures – Emergency Department

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/fractures/clavicle_fractures_emergency_department/

  Clavicle Fracture is a common injury in children, most often occurring after a simple fall onto an outstretched hand […] These most commonly occur in the middle third of the bone, with the vast majority healing well without intervention beyond sling immobilisation […] Medial third fractures are uncommon and require careful assessment for associated injuries, especially when displaced. […] The clavicle is one of the most common fractured bones in children. Half of all paediatric clavicle fractures occur under the age of seven years. These heal quickly and recover fully. […] Injuries are usually the result of a fall on an outstretched hand with the force transmitted up the arm. […] A direct blow to the outer end of the clavicle (such as a fall onto the point of the shoulder during sporting activities or a striking injury) can be associated with distal third injuries and acromioclavicular joint disruption.

• #19 Clavicle fractures – Emergency Department

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/fractures/clavicle_fractures_emergency_department/

  Clavicle fracture is also the most common perinatal fracture associated with birth trauma. […] The vast majority present with pain, swelling and deformity along the line of the clavicle, and a history of a fall onto an outstretched arm. […] Careful neurological examination should be performed to define potential (but rare) associated brachial plexus injury. […] Standard anteroposterior (AP) and AP with 15 degrees cephalic tilt x-ray of the clavicle will show the fracture in two planes and define displacement. […] Reduction of middle-third clavicle fractures in ED is almost never required. […] Indications for immediate orthopaedic referral are listed in point 8 below Some older children with completely displaced shortened fractures ultimately undergo open reduction following outpatient review, as in point 10 below.

• #20 Newborn Clavicle (Collar Bone) Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/newborn-clavicle-fractures

  Clavicle, also known as collar bone, fractures are the most common injury sustained by newborns during birth. A clavicle fracture is a break in the collar bone and occurs as a result of a difficult delivery or trauma at birth. […] The most significant complication associated with fracture of the clavicle during birth is the inability to move the arm due to an injury to the brachial plexus, or collection of nerves of the arm. The brachial plexus lies very close to the clavicle and may be damaged by the bone when the fracture occurs. One of 11 newborns who experience a clavicle fracture during birth will have damage to their brachial plexus, which can result in their being unable to move the arm on the injured side indefinitely or temporarily until the nerve heals.

• #21 Simultaneous bilateral traumatic clavicle fractures: incidence, characteristics, and surgical outcomes | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-023-06228-w

  Bilateral clavicle fractures are extremely rare and associated with polytrauma. Open reduction and internal fixation is recommended for such patients, especially those with severe chest injuries, because osteosynthesis of the clavicle can improve respiratory function and reduce the duration of functional disability. […] Although fractures of the clavicle are among the most frequent fractures in adults, simultaneous traumatic bilateral clavicle fractures in adults are reported more rarely. […] The mechanism of sustaining bilateral clavicle fractures is different from that of a unilateral clavicle fracture. Based on a review of the English-language literature from 1887 to 2010, van den Bout found that the most common causes of bilateral clavicle fractures were a compressive force across both shoulder girdles, direct trauma to both clavicles, direct trauma on one side and indirect trauma by a subsequent fall on the other side, and two sequential episodes of direct trauma to the shoulder.

• #22 Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone) | Reno Orthopedic Center

  https://www.renoortho.com/specialties/center-for-fracture-trauma/clavicle-fractures/

  A clavicle fracture is a broken collarbone. This can occur in patients of all ages from a variety of traumatic causes, and is a very common injury. […] Important blood vessels and nerves lie underneath the collarbone and can be injured when it breaks. […] Surgeons may recommend an operation to fix the broken collarbone if it is broken into many pieces, if the bones are far apart, if the bone sticks out through the skin, or if the nerves or blood vessels are injured. Several studies have shown that surgery helps reduce pain, get people back to work sooner and maintains shoulder strength and motion. […] Complications can occur with any surgery, no matter how small. There is always a risk of infection. A dose of antibiotics given prior to surgery helps to make this risk as small as possible. There is always a risk of injury to blood vessels or nerves. This is reduced by having an experienced surgeon involved in your care.

• #23 The Clavicle – Functions – Landmarks – Fractures – TeachMeAnatomy

  https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/bones/clavicle/

  The clavicle acts to transmit forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Given its relative size, this leaves it particularly susceptible to fracture. The most common mechanism of injury is a fall onto the shoulder or onto an outstretched hand. […] After a fracture, the lateral end of the clavicle is displaced inferiorly by the weight of the arm and displaced medially by the pectoralis major. The medial end is pulled superiorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle. […] Management of a clavicular fracture can be conservative (e.g. sling immobilisation) or operative (e.g. open reduction and internal fixation). The supraclavicular nerves lie in close proximity to the clavicle and are occasionally sacrificed during a surgical repair resulting in a numb patch over the upper chest and shoulder.

• #24 Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone) – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/clavicle-fracture-broken-collarbone/

  Open reduction and internal fixation. This is the procedure most often used to treat clavicle fractures. During the procedure, the bone fragments are first repositioned (reduced) into their normal alignment. The pieces of bone are then held in place with special metal hardware. […] If the fracture does not heal, it is called a nonunion. […] If the fracture fragments do move out of place and the bones heal in that position, it is called a malunion. Surgical treatment for this is very rare, determined by how far out of place the bones are and how much this affects your arm movement.

• #25 Broken collarbone – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-collarbone/symptoms-causes/syc-20370311

  A broken collarbone is a common injury that causes pain and swelling at the break. […] Common causes of a broken collarbone include falls, sports and traffic accidents. Infants sometimes break their collarbones while being born. […] Some breaks might require surgery to put plates, screws or rods into the bone to hold the pieces in place during healing. […] A badly broken collarbone might heal slowly or not all the way. Poor joining of the bones during healing can shorten the bone. […] A fracture that involves the joints that connect the collarbone to the shoulder blade or the breastbone might increase the risk of later developing arthritis in that joint.

• #26 Collarbone fracture – Clavicle Fracture: Broken Collar bone

  https://physiopretoria.co.za/pain/shoulder/collarbone-fracture

  Collarbone fractures are very common injuries in adults (2-5%) and the most common fracture in children (10-15%). Clavicle fractures represent 44-66% of all shoulder fractures. A fall directly onto the shoulder most frequently causes a collarbone fracture, typically seen in contact sports like rugby. […] Your body will respond with an inflammatory reaction when you fracture or even just bruise your clavicle. This inflammatory response is the bodys natural way of healing an injury. Common symptoms of inflammation after a clavicle fracture would be swelling, redness, increased pain and increase in temperature over your broken collarbone. […] If not diagnosed accurately and mismanaged, a collarbone fracture can lead to secondary complications. Chronic pain leads to a protective posture of keeping your neck still, your shoulder pulled up and your elbow bent (like you are wearing a sling). This can lead to scar tissue formation, joint stiffness, muscle weakness, neck or shoulder pain and even headaches.

• #27 Broken Collarbone: Causes, Treatment Options, and Healing Tips

  https://expresserharkerheights.com/blog/broken-collarbone-causes-treatment-options-and-healing-tips/

  Underlying bone conditions, such as osteoporosis or bone tumors, can weaken the collarbone and make it more susceptible to fractures, even with minimal trauma. […] The initial phase of collarbone fracture healing involves the formation of a blood clot and the production of collagen to bridge the fracture site. During this stage, immobilization and protection of the injured area are significant to prevent further damage. […] Patients must adhere to their healthcare providers instructions regarding rest, rehabilitation exercises, and follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and prevent complications. […] While most collarbone fractures heal without complications, patients should be aware of potential issues such as delayed union, nonunion, or malunion. Prompt identification and management of complications are essential for optimal outcomes.

• #28 How Serious Is a Broken Collarbone? Treatment & Complications

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_serious_is_a_broken_collarbone/article.htm

  A broken collarbone is a common injury. But most collarbone fractures heal completely within a few months with no complications. […] In general, a broken collarbone or clavicle generally heals completely within a few months and usually doesn’t cause any serious complications. […] Even when a broken collarbone is not perfectly aligned, it generally heals well without causing any significant deformity. This is because the collarbone is covered by a thick outer layer called the periosteum, which acts like a sleeve that holds the broken bone together as it heals. […] However, sometimes surgery may be needed, especially in cases where there are a lot of misalignments of broken pieces that cannot be corrected conservatively. So it’s always important to seek medical attention for a broken collarbone to ensure that the injury is properly treated.

• #29 Paediatric fracture of the clavicle (collar bone) – Advice regarding healing and recovery | Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/clavicle-collar-bone-fracture-in-children-aged-3-10-years-old/

  A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone and is very common in children. It often occurs after a falling onto an outstretched arm but can also occur after a direct blow to the chest or shoulder or from falling on to the shoulder. […] This type of fracture heals well. Once the examination and x-ray have been carried out in the emergency department most children will be placed in a sling. Rarely does this type of fracture require an operation. […] The bump over the fracture is quite normal and is produced by healing bone. It may take up to one year to disappear. If your child is older than ten years a small bump may remain.

• #30 Sleeping with a Broken Collarbone: Tips for Comfort and Faster Healing – Fracture Healing

  https://fracturehealing.ca/sleeping-with-a-broken-collarbone/

  A broken collarbone, or clavicle fracture, occurs when the clavicle bone cracks or breaks due to trauma or impact. […] One common question we get is, Can I sleep without a sling with a broken collarbone? […] LIPUS is a non-invasive therapy that uses low-intensity sound waves to stimulate bone healing at the cellular level. […] Studies suggest that LIPUS may reduce healing time for certain types of fractures, helping you return to normal activities sooner. […] Additionally, exploring innovative therapies like LIPUS may offer additional benefits in accelerating the healing of your clavicle fracture.

• #31 Accidents, falls and injuries can potentially lead to broken collarbone (clavicle fracture) | Bangkok International Hospital (Brain x Bone)

  https://www.bangkokinternationalhospital.com/health-articles/disease-treatment/fractured-clavicle-from-accident

  The clavicle or collarbone is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula). The clavicle is a large doubly curved long bone that connects the arm to the body. It functions as a strut to support the shoulder and arm, allowing for a full range of motion of the arm. […] A clavicle fracture is a break in the collarbone. This type of fracture is fairly common since the clavicle acts to transmit forces from the upper limb to the body. Clavicle fractures can be caused by either direct or indirect trauma. Clavicle fractures occur directly when direct force is applied to the clavicle. Quite often, clavicle fractures happen due to indirect trauma, for instance, when a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched arm causing a compressive force across the clavicle and making the clavicle snap or break.

• #32 Accidents, falls and injuries can potentially lead to broken collarbone (clavicle fracture) | Bangkok International Hospital (Brain x Bone)

  https://www.bangkokinternationalhospital.com/health-articles/disease-treatment/fractured-clavicle-from-accident

  Most fractures occur in the middle portion (or shaft) of the bone. Occasionally, the bone breaks where it attaches at the ribcage or shoulder blade. Nevertheless, clavicle fractures widely vary. The bone can only crack slightly or completely break into several pieces (known as comminuted fracture). The broken pieces of bone may line up straight or may be far out of place, called displaced fracture. If the broken ends of the bones have not significantly shifted out of place, it can be treated by non-surgical approaches such as wearing an arm sling to keep the arm and shoulder from moving while the bone heals. […] With some other forms of clavicle fracture, however, the pieces of broken bone might be shifted out of place, greater than 2 cm. apart or the length might become shorter. For these complicated fractures, surgery may be needed to realign the broken clavicle. Surgery typically involves putting the broken pieces of bone back into normal position and preventing them from dislocation until they are completely healed.

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