Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/933135-overview

  The stress response, mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, can also potentially induce episodes of CVS. […] Cannabis use in CVS has received considerable attention. […] In conclusion, the pathogenesis of CVS is likely to be multifactorial, with multiple genetic, autonomic, central, and environmental factors playing a role.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/933135-overview

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), first described in children by Samuel Gee in 1882, is a chronic functional disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by paroxysmal, recurrent episodes of vomiting. […] The pathophysiology is unknown, but data suggest a strong genetic component in children with CVS, with evidence of mitochondrial heteroplasmies that predispose to CVS and other related disorders (eg, migraine and chronic fatigue syndrome). […] The etiology and pathophysiology of CVS are not known. However, studies have suggested several potential brain-gut mechanisms. […] Migraine-related mechanisms have been proposed. […] Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations may be involved in the pathogenesis of CVS. […] Sympathetic hyperresponsiveness and autonomic dysfunction also appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of CVS.

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is a disorder that causes recurrent episodes of nausea, vomiting, and tiredness (lethargy). […] Although the causes of cyclic vomiting syndrome have yet to be determined, researchers have proposed several factors that may contribute to the disorder. These factors include changes in brain function, hormonal abnormalities, and gastrointestinal problems. Many researchers believe that cyclic vomiting syndrome is a migraine-like condition, which suggests that it is related to changes in signaling between nerve cells (neurons) in certain areas of the brain. […] Some cases of cyclic vomiting syndrome, particularly those that begin in childhood, may be related to changes in mitochondrial DNA. […] Several changes in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome. Some of these changes alter single DNA building blocks (nucleotides), whereas others rearrange larger segments of mitochondrial DNA.

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/

  Researchers speculate that the impaired mitochondria may cause certain cells of the autonomic nervous system to malfunction, which could affect the digestive system. However, it remains unclear how changes in mitochondrial function could cause episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy; abdominal pain; or migraines in people with this condition.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500018/

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting lasting from hours to days in the absence of identifiable pathology. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown. In the pediatric patient, CVS is considered by many to be a precursor to migraines later in life. The relationship between the two has been well studied, but no exact cause has been identified. Other studies have made associations with autonomic disturbances or mitochondrial dysfunction. Allergies to foods, stressful triggers, and lack of sleep are also associated with CVS. There is an increased frequency during patient menstrual cycles, suggesting a possible hormonal trigger for CVS. Longterm cannabis use has been associated with CVS as well.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Triggers, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14894-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) involves repeated, unexplained episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. […] There isn’t a single known cause of CVS. Instead, several factors may play a role, including: […] Problems with how your brain communicates with nerves in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract may lead to uncontrollable vomiting. Some scientists call CVS a brain-gut disorder. […] Changes or imbalances in your autonomic nervous system. Your autonomic nervous system controls involuntary activities, like your heartbeat, blood pressure and vomiting reflex. A glitch in the system can lead to vomiting episodes. […] Migraine headaches appear in up to 80% of children and 25% of adults with CVS. […] Abnormal mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria power cells. The instructions that tell mitochondria how to work (DNA) can become abnormal because of an illness, a genetic condition or exposure to drugs or toxins.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – CVS | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic disease marked by episodes of severe and recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting that can last several hours to a week. […] The exact cause of CVS is not known, but both genetics and environmental factors likely play a role. While some genetic mutations have been associated with CVS in children, whether these cause symptoms is unclear. CVS is also related to migraine headaches as patients with CVS either suffer from migraines or have family members that suffer from migraines. In fact, some migraine medications are effective in treating both conditions. […] A persons endocannabinoid system has also been shown to affect CVS. This is a cell-signaling system, where our bodies produce substances similar to cannabis that regulate functions and processes such as sleep, mood, appetite and memory. The endocannabinoid system is also important in combating stress and preventing nausea and vomiting. Problems in this system may be one reason patients develop CVS.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Increased stress hormones. People with CVS might have higher levels of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), a stress hormone. CRF might affect the function of your stomach. […] Atypical energy metabolism. Mitochondria produce energy for cells. If mitochondria are unable to produce enough energy in stressful scenarios, like excitement, it may result in CVS. […] Another possible cause is ANS dysfunction.

• #1 Recent Concepts on Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=135&vmd=Full

  Recent concept on CVS is mitochondrial energy depletion due to mitochondrial mutation along with precipitating stress or excitement may predispose the onset of vomiting episodes in patients with CVS. […] Genetic association including A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation was also suggested as the possible cause of CVS. […] Food allergy was also suggested as a possible pathogenesis of CVS by Lucarelli et al. in 2000. However, there have been no more studies on the relationship between CVS and food allergy; it is yet controversial.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – DrBoles

  http://molecularmitomd.com/?page_id=141

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional disorder defined by well-defined episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy (tiredness). […] Many different conditions have episodic nausea and vomiting. What distinguishes CVS from the other causes is that in CVS the episodes are: […] In Dr. Boles experience, DNA sequence variants that likely serve as risk factors for disease can usually be identified in CVS patients. […] Based upon this work, it was shown that most patients with CVS have some degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. […] While some of these patients have mitochondrial disease as the cause of their CVS, in most of the cases CVS appears to be the result of many factors, of which one is mitochondrial related. […] This work is important because it suggests that mitochondrial-targeted therapies might be helpful in many (likely most) people with CVS.

• #1 CYCLIC VOMITING SYNDROME: UNDERSTANDING THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-understanding-the-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-options

  Hormonal Changes: In some women, CVS episodes seem linked to menstrual periods, suggesting a potential role for hormonal fluctuations as a trigger. […] Mitochondrial disorders: Research reveals that CVS biomarkers in children overlap with those seen in mitochondrial disorders. […] Gastroparesis: In some cases, CVS can damage nerves controlling stomach function. This condition, called gastroparesis, causes delayed stomach emptying, exacerbating nausea, vomiting, and nutritional concerns.

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352161

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. […] The underlying cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. Some possible causes include genes, digestive difficulties, nervous system problems and hormone imbalances. Specific bouts of vomiting may be triggered by: colds, allergies or sinus problems; emotional stress or excitement, especially in children; anxiety or panic attacks, especially in adults; certain foods and drinks, such as alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or cheese; overeating, eating right before going to bed or fasting; hot weather; physical exhaustion; exercising too much; menstruation; motion sickness. […] Identifying the triggers for vomiting episodes may help with managing cyclic vomiting syndrome.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – CVS | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Stress can also play a role in triggering CVS attacks. Both positive stress (such as vacations or birthday celebrations) or negative stress (such as a job loss) can precipitate a CVS attack. How patients with CVS respond differently to stressful events, and why, is an area of research that is being studied.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Triggers, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14894-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Certain conditions, events and emotional states can trigger a vomiting episode, including: […] Seasonal changes (symptoms are more common in fall and winter). […] Reactions to foods like chocolate, cheese, caffeine or MSG. […] Panic attacks, stress and anxiety (in adults). […] CVS can lead to: […] Dehydration: Vomiting and diarrhea can cause you to lose too much fluid. […] Esophagitis: The vomit (which is acidic) can cause inflammation in your esophagus. […] Mallory-Weiss tear: Severe muscular contractions from the vomiting can tear the lower end of your esophagus. […] Tooth decay: The vomit can wear away your tooth enamel and cause cavities.

• #1 Treating Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children & Adults

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-8364283

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal condition that involves repeated episodes of severe vomiting. […] The exact cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome remains unknown. However, researchers have identified the following possible causes: genetic mutations related to changes in mitochondrial DNA, abnormalities in the brain-gut interaction, especially in response to stress, hormonal imbalances, and dysautonomia (dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system). […] Cyclic vomiting syndrome episodes have many possible triggers, including menstrual cycle changes, stress, anxiety, panic attacks, illness, temperature changes, allergies, drinking alcohol, caffeine, strong emotions, particularly in children, sleep deprivation, exhaustion, and dietary changes, such as fasting, overeating, or eating certain foods (especially chocolate and cheese).

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-from-pathophysiology-articulo-S2255534X24000616

  The autonomous nervous system plays an outstanding role in emesis. […] This observed dysregulation of the autonomous nervous system has implications in the treatment of CVS. […] The recognition of this subtype highlights the importance of a deeper understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of CVS, consequently providing highly efficacious personalized treatment. […] Experts consider that CHS is a subgroup of CVS. […] The elevated incidence of these disorders suggests that emotional regulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology and development of CVS. […] Although there is currently little scientific evidence for establishing a relation between specific foods and CVS, the consumption of chocolate, cheese, and monosodium glutamate has been described as a possible trigger of CVS attacks.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome; Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Stone Oak Gastroenterology

  https://www.stoneoakgi.com/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no known cause but may be linked to problems with GI, endocrine, or nervous system functioning, including: […] Specific triggers may also provoke episodes of CVS: […] Panic attacks and/or extreme anxiety […] Bacterial or viral infections (influenza, sinusitis, strep throat, etc) […] Overexercising, overeating, fasting, hot weather, motion sickness […] Eating foods high in additives (processed meat such as hot dogs) and foods high in MSG.

• #1

  https://www.amerikanhastanesi.org/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Chronic use of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) also has been associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome because some people use marijuana to relieve their nausea. However, chronic marijuana use can lead to a condition called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, which typically leads to persistent vomiting without normal intervening periods. […] Cyclic vomiting syndrome can cause these complications: […] The same types of medications used for migraines can sometimes help stop or even prevent episodes of cyclic vomiting. These medications may be recommended for people whose episodes are frequent and long lasting, or for people with a family history of migraine. […] Coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine and riboflavin may work by helping your body overcome difficulty in converting food into energy (mitochondrial dysfunction). Some researchers believe mitochondrial dysfunction may be a factor causing both cyclic vomiting syndrome and migraine.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome.html

  CVS is a condition that causes you to vomit many times in a row for no known reason. […] What causes or increases my risk for CVS? […] Migraine headaches, or your mother had migraines […] An anxiety disorder or depression […] A problem with your digestive system or your nervous system […] A hormone imbalance […] Using large amounts of marijuana.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cyclic-Vomiting-Syndrome.aspx

  While the etiology of CVS remains unknown, there are several theories that have been postulated. […] Several studies have suggested that CVS is mediated by mechanisms involving a connecting pathway between the gut and central nervous system. […] Some studies indicate a potential link between familial migraine headaches, while others claim that mutations in mitochondrial DNA may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disorder. […] Other factors with potential pathogenic roles include autonomic dysfunction and sympathetic hyper-responsiveness as well as long-term marijuana usage and even compulsive use of hot water while bathing.

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-from-pathophysiology-articulo-S2255534X24000616

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of intense vomiting, interspersed with periods of apparent wellbeing. […] Even though the exact etiology remains unknown, genetic factors (polymorphisms), nervous system alterations and autonomic dysregulation, and environmental factors (use and abuse of cannabinoids) are postulated as possible triggers. […] The proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of CVS are a combination of genetic and host factors that lead to emesis. […] A greater frequency of mitochondrial polymorphisms (16519T and 3010A) has recently been identified in pediatric patients with CVS, compared with controls, but it was not found in Asian pediatric populations or in adults. […] The endocannabinoid signaling system plays an important role in CVS.

• #1 CYCLIC VOMITING SYNDROME: UNDERSTANDING THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENT OPTIONS | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-understanding-the-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-options

  Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a disorder that affects children and adults. […] There is no known cause, yet the episodes are likely the result of a dysfunction in the nervous system. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown. Researchers theorize it is the result of a dysfunction in the nervous system. […] Scientists are actively researching several potential mechanisms underpinning CVS, including: […] Neurotransmitter Imbalances: The condition may result from hyperexcitability in the nervous system, leading to hyperemesis. Defects in the nervous system or brain circuits governing vomiting and nausea may play a prime role. […] Mast Cell Activation: Mast cells are vital players in the immune system and are responsible for contributing to several cases of CVS. […] Genetic Predisposition: There appears to be a hereditary component to CVS, as many people with the condition have family members with migraines or other related symptoms.

• #1 Treating Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children & Adults

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-8364283

  Anyone can develop cyclic vomiting syndrome. However, any of the following risk factors may increase your chance of developing CVS at some point: chronic migraine and/or a family history of migraine, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, motion sickness, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), problems with the autonomic nervous system, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and hypertension (high blood pressure).

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal condition. Its also called abdominal migraine or periodic vomiting. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown. […] The condition may be related to the following factors: Genetics. People who have relatives with CVS or migraine are more likely to develop CVS. This suggests genetics might play a role. […] Migraine. CVS may be a variant of migraine. In fact, more than 80 percent of children with CVS have migraine or a family history of migraine. […] Brain-gut disorder. The neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain interact with the neurons in the gut. CVS might be caused by a problem with this interaction. […] Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The ANS regulates involuntary functions, like bladder and bowel control. If the ANS is unable to function properly, it may cause CVS.

• #1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Treatment, diagnosis, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an uncommon disorder that mainly affects children. It causes episodes of severe vomiting and nausea that can last from several hours to several days. […] Episodes of severe vomiting seen in cyclic vomiting syndrome may have no apparent cause. They may occur 412 times per year. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown, but the following may be involved: digestive issues, genetics, hormone imbalances. […] Many people with CVS have abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system. This system controls blood pressure, digestion, and other involuntary functions. […] Factors that trigger episodes of nausea and vomiting in people with CVS can include: alcohol, allergies, anxiety or panic, especially in adults, caffeine, certain foods, such as cheese and chocolate, the food additive monosodium glutamate, known as MSG, emotional excitement, especially in children, extremes in temperature, going too long without eating, illness, such as colds or the flu, infections, a lack of sleep, menstruation, motion sickness, stress, overeating, overexertion, such as exercising too much. […] Factors that increase the chances of developing CVS include: a personal or family history of migraine, a family history of other conditions, such as IBS, sensitivity to light or sound, age, as children aged 37 are most likely to develop CVS, being female.

• #1 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – DrBoles

  http://molecularmitomd.com/?page_id=141

  Although some milder cases of CVS can be placed in remission by nutritional supplements alone, most patients with CVS also require medications. […] Whole exome/genome sequencing in cyclic vomiting syndrome reveals multiple candidate genes, suggesting a model of elevated intracellular cations and mitochondrial dysfunction.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-from-pathophysiology-articulo-S2255534X24000616

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of intense vomiting, interspersed with periods of apparent wellbeing. […] Even though the exact etiology remains unknown, genetic factors (polymorphisms), nervous system alterations and autonomic dysregulation, and environmental factors (use and abuse of cannabinoids) are postulated as possible triggers. […] The proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms of CVS are a combination of genetic and host factors that lead to emesis. […] A greater frequency of mitochondrial polymorphisms (16519T and 3010A) has recently been identified in pediatric patients with CVS, compared with controls, but it was not found in Asian pediatric populations or in adults. […] The endocannabinoid signaling system plays an important role in CVS.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, Diet, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/cyclic_vomiting_syndrome_cvs/article.htm

  In most cases of cyclic vomiting syndrome, affected people have no known history of the disorder in their family, but many CVS-affected individuals have a family history of related conditions, such as migraines, in their mothers and other maternal relatives. […] Although the exact causes of cyclic vomiting syndrome have yet to be determined, researchers have proposed several factors that may contribute to the disorder. […] Several changes in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome. […] Cyclic vomiting syndrome is generally considered to be a variant of migraines, which are severe headaches often associated with pain, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – DrBoles

  http://molecularmitomd.com/?page_id=141

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional disorder defined by well-defined episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy (tiredness). […] Many different conditions have episodic nausea and vomiting. What distinguishes CVS from the other causes is that in CVS the episodes are: […] In Dr. Boles experience, DNA sequence variants that likely serve as risk factors for disease can usually be identified in CVS patients. […] Based upon this work, it was shown that most patients with CVS have some degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. […] While some of these patients have mitochondrial disease as the cause of their CVS, in most of the cases CVS appears to be the result of many factors, of which one is mitochondrial related. […] This work is important because it suggests that mitochondrial-targeted therapies might be helpful in many (likely most) people with CVS.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in 41 adults: the illness, the patients, and problems of management | BMC Medicine | Full Text

  https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-3-20

  Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent, stereotypic episodes of incapacitating nausea, vomiting and other symptoms, separated by intervals of comparative wellness. […] CVS is considered to be a functional disorder. Some investigators have suggested that it is a manifestation of migraine diathesis. […] The pathogenesis of cyclic vomiting episodes is obscure; their signs and symptoms mimic other disorders. […] The presence of gallstones or the finding of impaired gallbladder emptying in patients whose cyclic vomiting episodes feature nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain, had prompted cholecystectomies that failed to relieve cyclic vomiting symptoms. […] CVS is considered to be a manifestation of migraine diathesis. […] Panic attacks, which can occur in patients with panic disorder as well as other anxiety disorders, usually last 5 to 20 minutes. Some CVS patients who are anxious may experience brief panic attacks during the inter-episodic phase of their illness. However, in two thirds of our adult CVS patients, panic attacks triggered cyclic vomiting episodes during which they not only suffered intense nausea and vomiting, but also panic symptoms that persisted for hours or days throughout part or all of their cyclic vomiting episodes. […] The concurrence of inter-episodic dyspeptic nausea, migraine and panic in two-thirds of this cohort of adult CVS patients suggests that these dysautonomic phenomena share pathways or mechanisms within the central and autonomic nervous systems.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal condition. Its also called abdominal migraine or periodic vomiting. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown. […] The condition may be related to the following factors: Genetics. People who have relatives with CVS or migraine are more likely to develop CVS. This suggests genetics might play a role. […] Migraine. CVS may be a variant of migraine. In fact, more than 80 percent of children with CVS have migraine or a family history of migraine. […] Brain-gut disorder. The neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain interact with the neurons in the gut. CVS might be caused by a problem with this interaction. […] Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The ANS regulates involuntary functions, like bladder and bowel control. If the ANS is unable to function properly, it may cause CVS.

• #2 Cyclical vomiting syndrome | NICS Well

  https://www.nicswell.co.uk/conditions-and-treatments/cyclical-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a rare disorder that mainly affects children. It causes repeated episodes of vomiting and feeling sick. […] CVS has no apparent cause the vomiting episodes aren’t the result of an infection or illness. […] The cause of CVS is currently unknown, but there may be a link with migraine. Many people with CVS develop migraines, and migraine medicines have been shown to help treat the syndrome. […] Vomiting episodes can sometimes be triggered by emotional stress, excitement, anxiety or panic attacks, an infection such as a sinus infection, respiratory infection or the flu, certain foods such as chocolate, cheese, cured meats, and food containing MSG (monosodium glutamate), caffeine, hot weather, periods, motion sickness, unhealthy eating habits, physical exhaustion or too much exercise, and sleep deprivation.

• #2 Recent Concepts on Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=135&vmd=Full

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of nausea and severe vomiting with symptom-free intervals between the episodes and stereotypic patterns within individuals. CVS is classified as one of the functional gastrointestinal disorders based on the Rome III. Thorough investigations to distinguish CVS from various organic disorders manifesting with cyclic vomiting, are required. […] The etiology and pathogenesis of CVS still remain unknown. It is assumed that various factors can affect the development of vomiting episodes in CVS, and severe hypotheses have been suggested as possible etiologies: migraine variant, mitochondrial diseases including mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders, gastrointestinal motility disorder, corticotropin-releasing factor in response to stress, disorder of the brain-gut axis, autonomic dysfunction, abdominal epilepsy, ion channel dysfunction, and altered psychodynamics, etc.

• #2 Recent Concepts on Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=135&vmd=Full

  Recent concept on CVS is mitochondrial energy depletion due to mitochondrial mutation along with precipitating stress or excitement may predispose the onset of vomiting episodes in patients with CVS. […] Genetic association including A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation was also suggested as the possible cause of CVS. […] Food allergy was also suggested as a possible pathogenesis of CVS by Lucarelli et al. in 2000. However, there have been no more studies on the relationship between CVS and food allergy; it is yet controversial.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – DrBoles

  http://molecularmitomd.com/?page_id=141

  Although some milder cases of CVS can be placed in remission by nutritional supplements alone, most patients with CVS also require medications. […] Whole exome/genome sequencing in cyclic vomiting syndrome reveals multiple candidate genes, suggesting a model of elevated intracellular cations and mitochondrial dysfunction.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – GI Urgent Care of Florida | Gastroenterologist in Orlando, FL

  https://www.giurgentcare.com/articles/general/906018-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome causes recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting with intervening normal health between episodes. […] Although the underlying cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is still unknown, research has found that there are several potential associated factors for the condition. Patients suffering from this condition often experience episodes after eating certain foods, during periods of immense stress, with chronic cannabis use, when suffering from infections of the airway, migraines, or when spending a prolonged amount of time in hot weather. […] Additionally, women suffering from cyclic vomiting syndrome may have symptoms of the condition around the time of menstruation.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352161

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. […] The underlying cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. Some possible causes include genes, digestive difficulties, nervous system problems and hormone imbalances. Specific bouts of vomiting may be triggered by: colds, allergies or sinus problems; emotional stress or excitement, especially in children; anxiety or panic attacks, especially in adults; certain foods and drinks, such as alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or cheese; overeating, eating right before going to bed or fasting; hot weather; physical exhaustion; exercising too much; menstruation; motion sickness. […] Identifying the triggers for vomiting episodes may help with managing cyclic vomiting syndrome.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Treatment, diagnosis, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an uncommon disorder that mainly affects children. It causes episodes of severe vomiting and nausea that can last from several hours to several days. […] Episodes of severe vomiting seen in cyclic vomiting syndrome may have no apparent cause. They may occur 412 times per year. […] The exact cause of CVS is unknown, but the following may be involved: digestive issues, genetics, hormone imbalances. […] Many people with CVS have abnormalities of the autonomic nervous system. This system controls blood pressure, digestion, and other involuntary functions. […] Factors that trigger episodes of nausea and vomiting in people with CVS can include: alcohol, allergies, anxiety or panic, especially in adults, caffeine, certain foods, such as cheese and chocolate, the food additive monosodium glutamate, known as MSG, emotional excitement, especially in children, extremes in temperature, going too long without eating, illness, such as colds or the flu, infections, a lack of sleep, menstruation, motion sickness, stress, overeating, overexertion, such as exercising too much. […] Factors that increase the chances of developing CVS include: a personal or family history of migraine, a family history of other conditions, such as IBS, sensitivity to light or sound, age, as children aged 37 are most likely to develop CVS, being female.

• #2 Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome: Phases, Causes, Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/cyclical-vomiting-syndrome-leaflet

  Cyclical vomiting syndrome is a condition which occurs mainly in children but can also affect adults. […] The actual cause of cyclical vomiting syndrome is not known. […] The relationship between cyclical vomiting syndrome and migraines is well recognised. Some studies have suggested a link between cyclical vomiting syndrome and autonomic disturbances or mitochondrial dysfunction. […] There is also good evidence that repeated cannabis use can lead to cyclical vomiting syndrome – stopping it has been shown to improve symptoms. […] Episodes can also triggered by specific events. Examples of these include: Stress, Anxiety, Infections, Certain foods (for example, chocolate or cheese), Having long periods of time without food or drink, Being in hot weather, Menstrual periods in some women, Doing too much exercise, Not having enough sleep.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Triggers, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14894-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Certain conditions, events and emotional states can trigger a vomiting episode, including: […] Seasonal changes (symptoms are more common in fall and winter). […] Reactions to foods like chocolate, cheese, caffeine or MSG. […] Panic attacks, stress and anxiety (in adults). […] CVS can lead to: […] Dehydration: Vomiting and diarrhea can cause you to lose too much fluid. […] Esophagitis: The vomit (which is acidic) can cause inflammation in your esophagus. […] Mallory-Weiss tear: Severe muscular contractions from the vomiting can tear the lower end of your esophagus. […] Tooth decay: The vomit can wear away your tooth enamel and cause cavities.

• #2 Understanding Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-cvs

  Researchers dont know the exact cause of CVS. It may be linked to problems with the digestive system or other parts of the body. It may also be genetic. People with the condition often have migraines or a family history of them. […] Some people with CVS find that symptoms start after a certain trigger. Triggers may include stress, a lack of sleep, substance use, an infection, and certain foods like chocolate or cheese. In women, the syndrome may happen at the same time as their menstrual period.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/pediatrics/conditions-treatments/pediatric-gastroenterology/cyclic-vomiting/

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a condition where children experience periods of intense, unremitting nausea and vomiting that last hours to days. […] The exact cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown, but it has a strong association with migraines. Many children with CVS have a first-degree relative with migraines, and most CVS patients may develop classic migraine headaches in the future. […] Motion sickness is also commonly reported among CVS patients.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome; Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Stone Oak Gastroenterology

  https://www.stoneoakgi.com/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no known cause but may be linked to problems with GI, endocrine, or nervous system functioning, including: […] Specific triggers may also provoke episodes of CVS: […] Panic attacks and/or extreme anxiety […] Bacterial or viral infections (influenza, sinusitis, strep throat, etc) […] Overexercising, overeating, fasting, hot weather, motion sickness […] Eating foods high in additives (processed meat such as hot dogs) and foods high in MSG.

• #2 Treating Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children & Adults

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-8364283

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gastrointestinal condition that involves repeated episodes of severe vomiting. […] The exact cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome remains unknown. However, researchers have identified the following possible causes: genetic mutations related to changes in mitochondrial DNA, abnormalities in the brain-gut interaction, especially in response to stress, hormonal imbalances, and dysautonomia (dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system). […] Cyclic vomiting syndrome episodes have many possible triggers, including menstrual cycle changes, stress, anxiety, panic attacks, illness, temperature changes, allergies, drinking alcohol, caffeine, strong emotions, particularly in children, sleep deprivation, exhaustion, and dietary changes, such as fasting, overeating, or eating certain foods (especially chocolate and cheese).

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (Severe & Persistent Vomiting): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is a rare condition. With it, you can have times of intense nausea, throwing up and other stomach problems for no apparent reason. […] Though doctors have known about cyclic vomiting syndrome since the late 1800s, they dont know the cause. […] However, people who get migraine headaches, have diabetes or have problems with anxiety or depression sometimes have the syndrome as well. […] And while the exact cause hasnt been found, several things might set off the vomiting, including: Physical or emotional stress, Motion sickness, Infections of the sinuses, throat or lungs, Some foods, Menstrual periods, Hot weather. […] Marijuana use has been linked to the syndrome, but some people say the drug eases the nausea they get.

• #2 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – CVS | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/digestive-diseases/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic disease marked by episodes of severe and recurrent episodes of nausea and vomiting that can last several hours to a week. […] The exact cause of CVS is not known, but both genetics and environmental factors likely play a role. While some genetic mutations have been associated with CVS in children, whether these cause symptoms is unclear. CVS is also related to migraine headaches as patients with CVS either suffer from migraines or have family members that suffer from migraines. In fact, some migraine medications are effective in treating both conditions. […] A persons endocannabinoid system has also been shown to affect CVS. This is a cell-signaling system, where our bodies produce substances similar to cannabis that regulate functions and processes such as sleep, mood, appetite and memory. The endocannabinoid system is also important in combating stress and preventing nausea and vomiting. Problems in this system may be one reason patients develop CVS.

• #2 Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/cyclical-vomiting-syndrome-pro

  There is no known cause for this condition. […] It is more common in those who have migraines; around 80% of children and 25% of adults who develop CVS also have migraines. […] There is an overlap between CVS and abdominal migraine. Some research has suggested that this syndrome is a condition related to migraine. […] This condition is more common in those people with a family history of migraine. […] The pathogenesis of this syndrome is likely to be multifactorial, with multiple genetic, autonomic, central and environmental factors playing a role. […] This condition appears to belong to a spectrum of cyclical disorders which may have a genetic link.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_vomiting_syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic functional condition of unknown pathogenesis. […] This disorder is thought to be closely related to migraines and family history of migraines. […] The cause of CVS has not been determined and there are no diagnostic tests for CVS. […] There is no known genetic pathogenesis for CVS. Recent studies suggest many affected individuals have a family history of related conditions, such as migraines, psychiatric disorders and gastrointestinal disorders. […] Inheritance is thought to be maternal, a possible genetic mitochondrial inheritance. […] Single base-pair and DNA rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with these traits.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-from-pathophysiology-articulo-S2255534X24000616

  The definitive diagnosis is currently made in patients that meet the Rome criteria and in whom other causes of emesis have been ruled out through a detailed clinical history and the previously mentioned tests. […] Given that chronic cannabis consumption is associated with the lack of treatment response, its use should be suspended. […] Aprepitant is a highly selective high-affinity antagonist of substance P/neurokinin 1 receptors. […] Coenzyme Q10 is a natural hydrophobic compound derived from steroids that acts as an electron transporter between complex 1 or 2 and complex 3 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

• #2 Cyclic vomiting syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/cyclic-vomiting-syndrome

  Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. […] The underlying cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. Some possible causes include genes, digestive difficulties, nervous system problems and hormone imbalances. Specific bouts of vomiting may be triggered by: […] Identifying the triggers for vomiting episodes may help with managing cyclic vomiting syndrome.

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