Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Reye’s Syndrome | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html

  Reye syndrome can lead to a coma and brain death, so quick diagnosis and treatment are critical. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage. There is no cure. […] Because of that, health care professionals now recommend other pain relievers for young patients.

• #2 Reye’s Syndrome | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/reyes-syndrome

  Reyes syndrome is a serious condition. Seek immediate medical attention at the nearest emergency department if symptoms appear soon after a viral illness. Reyes syndrome can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, a coma, and death. While there is no cure for RS, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and address other conditions that may develop. […] If a person is diagnosed with RS, a healthcare provider will admit them into the intensive care unit immediately to receive treatment. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage by reducing brain swelling, stopping further damage in the liver and blood from lack of oxygen, and preventing lung problems. People with RS will be in the hospital for a few days up to a few weeks until they are healthy enough to leave. […] Early detection and treatment greatly improve the rate of recovery and survival.

• #3 Reye’s syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/reye-s-syndrome

  Treatment for Reye’s syndrome usually is done in the hospital. Serious symptoms may be treated in the intensive care unit. Healthcare professionals closely monitor your child’s blood pressure and other vital signs. Specific treatment may include: […] Intravenous (IV) fluids. Sugar also called glucose and an electrolyte solution may be given through an IV line. […] Diuretics. These medicines may be used to decrease pressure from fluids around the brain. Diuretics also increase fluid loss through urination. […] Medicines to prevent bleeding. Bleeding due to liver problems may require treatment with vitamin K, plasma and platelets. […] Cooling blankets. These blankets help maintain internal body temperature at a safe level. […] A breathing machine called a ventilator can help if your child has trouble breathing.

• #4 Reye’s Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6088-reyes-syndrome

  Treatment for Reyes syndrome focuses on protecting your childs brain by reducing swelling, reversing liver damage and metabolic injury (lack of oxygen in their blood) and preventing lung complications. Treatment could include: […] If your child receives a Reyes syndrome diagnosis, your healthcare provider will admit them into the intensive care unit immediately to receive treatment. Your childs care team will monitor your childs body temperature and all of your childs vital organs to make sure treatment is effective. […] Most children diagnosed with Reyes syndrome make a full recovery. If your child experiences severe brain swelling, they could face side effects, including: […] After treatment when the swelling in your childs brain reduces, your child will be on the road to recovery. It could take a few days up to a few weeks until your child is healthy enough to leave the hospital. Your healthcare provider will keep you up to date on the progress of your childs recovery. […] Theres no cure for Reyes syndrome. Depending on their diagnosis, many children make a full recovery. Treatment reduces symptoms and aims to prevent long-term complications or death.

• #5 Reye’s Syndrome Nursing Care Planning and Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/reyes-syndrome/

  No specific treatment exists for Reye syndrome; supportive care is based on the stage of the syndrome. […] The standard of care consists of continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring, placement of central venous lines or arterial lines to monitor hemodynamic status, urine catheters to monitor urine output, ECG to monitor cardiac function, and EEG to monitor seizure activity; prevent increased ICP; elevate the head to 30, keep the head in a midline orientation, use isotonic rather than hypotonic fluids, and avoid overhydration. […] Continuously monitor ICP, central venous pressure, arterial pressure, or end-tidal carbon dioxide; perform endotracheal intubation if the patient is not already intubated. […] No specific treatment is available for Reye syndrome. […] Ammonia detoxicants are used for the treatment of hyperammonemia; they enhance the elimination of nitrogen; sodium phenylacetate sodium benzoate is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hyperammonemia due to urea-cycle defects and is available only from a specialty wholesaler, Ucyclyd Pharma, Inc. […] Antiemetic agents such as ondansetron are administered to decrease vomiting and during the initiation of sodium phenylacetate sodium benzoate therapy.

• #6 Reye Syndrome – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-children/reye-syndrome

  Treatment of Reye syndrome is supportive, with particular attention paid to control of increased intracranial pressure and blood glucose because glycogen depletion is common. […] Treatment of elevated increased intracranial pressure includes intubation, hyperventilation, fluid restriction of 1500 mL/m2/day, elevating the head of the bed, osmotic diuretics, direct increased intracranial pressure monitoring, and decompressing craniotomy. […] Infusion of 10 or 15% dextrose is common to maintain euglycemia. […] Coagulopathy may require fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K. […] Other treatments (eg, exchange transfusion, hemodialysis, barbiturate-induced deep coma) have not been proved effective but are sometimes used. […] Treatment is supportive, particularly with measures to lower increased intracranial pressure.

• #7 Reye Syndrome – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-young-children/reye-syndrome

  Treatment involves measures to lower pressure on the brain. […] There is no specific treatment for Reye syndrome. […] To reduce swelling and pressure on the brain, doctors may place a tube into the windpipe (endotracheal intubation) and provide a higher than normal breathing rate (hyperventilation), restrict fluids, elevate the head of the bed, and give medications (such as mannitol) that force the body to get rid of water. […] Doctors also give dextrose to maintain a normal level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. […] Children with bleeding problems may be given vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma to improve their blood clotting function.

• #8 Reye Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28505

  Hyperammonemia may be treated with phenylacetate-sodium benzoate (Immunol) or sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) but may require hemodialysis if level greater than 500mcg/dl. […] Coaguloathy may be treated (especially before invasive procedures or with clinically significant bleeding) using cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or Vitamin K. […] Measures to target treatment of increased ICP may include: […] Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees […] Control of fever to prevent increased cerebral metabolism and rigors […] ICP monitoring […] Lasix administration […] Careful fluid regulation to prevent overhydration […] Sedation and analgesia […] Mannitol or hypertonic saline […] Seizure treatment and subsequent prophylaxis.

• #9 Reye Syndrome – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/health/reye-syndrome/?utm_source=pubmedlink&utm_campaign=MDS&utm_content=28505

  Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, might be treated with fluids that contain dextrose, a type of sugar. […] Acidosis, or an excess amount of acid in body fluids, might be treated with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), and by adjusting the patients breathing. […] Hyperammonemia, or too much ammonia in the blood, might be treated with specialized medications, but might also require a procedure called hemodialysis (cleaning the blood with a machine) if the ammonia level is extremely high. […] Coagulopathy, a condition where the blood doesnt clot properly, might be treated using different types of blood products or Vitamin K, especially before invasive procedures or if theres significant bleeding. […] If the pressure inside the patients skull increases, the treatment could involve: […] Raising the head of the bed to 30 degrees.

• #10 Reye Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stage-Specific Management, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-treatment

  Hypoglycemia treatment with dextrose 25% (D25) should be administered to treat hypoglycemia, and, as needed dextrose 10%) (D10) may be provided in IV maintenance fluids infused at 1-1.5 mL/min maintenance to provide 8-12 mg/kg/min. Serum glucose should be maintained in the 120-170 mg/dL range to avoid catabolism. […] For life-threatening ICP, mannitol or hypertonic (3%) saline should be administered. Hypertonic saline should not be given to patients with elevated sodium levels. […] Corticosteroids are of no proven benefit with regard to managing ICP and may even be harmful. Accordingly, they are not indicated in this setting. […] Reye syndrome has been successfully treated with liver transplantation.

• #11 Reye Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28505

  Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressing disease that may require invasive procedures early on to maintain hemodynamically stability and adequate respiratory function. These may include placement of central venous access, airway intubation, and placement of a Foley catheter to monitor urine output. Additional specialized procedures such as liver biopsy and intracranial pressure monitoring may also be indicated. […] Treatment of Reye syndrome is mainly supportive and requires close monitoring of multiple clinical parameters best accomplished in an intensive care unit setting. Aggressive treatment may be required to correct the following serum abnormalities: […] Hypoglycemia may be treated with dextrose-containing fluids (D50, D10, D5, etc) with a serum glucose goal of 100-120mg/dl. […] Acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate (attention not to over correct or correct too rapidly) and ventilation management.

• #12 Reye Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stage-Specific Management, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-treatment

  Hypoglycemia treatment with dextrose 25% (D25) should be administered to treat hypoglycemia, and, as needed dextrose 10%) (D10) may be provided in IV maintenance fluids infused at 1-1.5 mL/min maintenance to provide 8-12 mg/kg/min. Serum glucose should be maintained in the 120-170 mg/dL range to avoid catabolism. […] For life-threatening ICP, mannitol or hypertonic (3%) saline should be administered. Hypertonic saline should not be given to patients with elevated sodium levels. […] Corticosteroids are of no proven benefit with regard to managing ICP and may even be harmful. Accordingly, they are not indicated in this setting. […] Reye syndrome has been successfully treated with liver transplantation.

• #13 Reye Syndrome – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-young-children/reye-syndrome

  Treatment involves measures to lower pressure on the brain. […] There is no specific treatment for Reye syndrome. […] To reduce swelling and pressure on the brain, doctors may place a tube into the windpipe (endotracheal intubation) and provide a higher than normal breathing rate (hyperventilation), restrict fluids, elevate the head of the bed, and give medications (such as mannitol) that force the body to get rid of water. […] Doctors also give dextrose to maintain a normal level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. […] Children with bleeding problems may be given vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma to improve their blood clotting function.

• #14 Reye Syndrome – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-children/reye-syndrome

  Treatment of Reye syndrome is supportive, with particular attention paid to control of increased intracranial pressure and blood glucose because glycogen depletion is common. […] Treatment of elevated increased intracranial pressure includes intubation, hyperventilation, fluid restriction of 1500 mL/m2/day, elevating the head of the bed, osmotic diuretics, direct increased intracranial pressure monitoring, and decompressing craniotomy. […] Infusion of 10 or 15% dextrose is common to maintain euglycemia. […] Coagulopathy may require fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K. […] Other treatments (eg, exchange transfusion, hemodialysis, barbiturate-induced deep coma) have not been proved effective but are sometimes used. […] Treatment is supportive, particularly with measures to lower increased intracranial pressure.

• #15 Reye Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stage-Specific Management, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-treatment

  No specific treatment is available for Reye syndrome. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care that is based on the clinical stage of the syndrome. Provide aggressive treatment to correct or prevent metabolic abnormalities, particularly hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia, and to prevent or control cerebral edema. Supportive care should be provided for nausea, vomiting, and seizures. […] Hyperammonemia treatment consists of intravenous (IV) sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate. For highly elevated ammonia levels, hemodialysis may be the appropriate initial treatment if it is readily available, and it is also recommended for patients whose condition fails to respond to initial course of sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate. Continuing the administration of sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate during hemodialysis may be considered.

• #16 Reye Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28505

  Hyperammonemia may be treated with phenylacetate-sodium benzoate (Immunol) or sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) but may require hemodialysis if level greater than 500mcg/dl. […] Coaguloathy may be treated (especially before invasive procedures or with clinically significant bleeding) using cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or Vitamin K. […] Measures to target treatment of increased ICP may include: […] Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees […] Control of fever to prevent increased cerebral metabolism and rigors […] ICP monitoring […] Lasix administration […] Careful fluid regulation to prevent overhydration […] Sedation and analgesia […] Mannitol or hypertonic saline […] Seizure treatment and subsequent prophylaxis.

• #17 Etiology, pathophysiology and management of reye’s syndrome – MedCrave online

  https://medcraveonline.com/JPNC/etiology-pathophysiology-and-management-of-reyes-syndrome.html

  Reyes syndrome is correlated with a huge mortality rate and the management is symptomatic such as intensive care treatment with correction of metabolic disorders especially of hypotension, hypoglycaemia and acidosis, control of convulsions, and monitoring of intracranial HTN owing to cerebral fluid retention. […] Agents to lower serum ammonia concentrations are also frequently used, the most often being are neomycin sulfate or lactulose. Anti-emetic such as ondansetron should be given to inhibit vomiting and potential aspiration. […] Exchange transfusion is used in some centers to correct various metabolic and hematologic abnormalities. Intracranial pressure elevations are treated by administering osmotic diuretics, involving mannitol, other agents such as glycerol or furosemide and controlling hyperventilation and muscular paralysis.

• #18 Reye Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28505

  Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressing disease that may require invasive procedures early on to maintain hemodynamically stability and adequate respiratory function. These may include placement of central venous access, airway intubation, and placement of a Foley catheter to monitor urine output. Additional specialized procedures such as liver biopsy and intracranial pressure monitoring may also be indicated. […] Treatment of Reye syndrome is mainly supportive and requires close monitoring of multiple clinical parameters best accomplished in an intensive care unit setting. Aggressive treatment may be required to correct the following serum abnormalities: […] Hypoglycemia may be treated with dextrose-containing fluids (D50, D10, D5, etc) with a serum glucose goal of 100-120mg/dl. […] Acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate (attention not to over correct or correct too rapidly) and ventilation management.

• #19 Reye’s syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/reye-s-syndrome

  Treatment for Reye’s syndrome usually is done in the hospital. Serious symptoms may be treated in the intensive care unit. Healthcare professionals closely monitor your child’s blood pressure and other vital signs. Specific treatment may include: […] Intravenous (IV) fluids. Sugar also called glucose and an electrolyte solution may be given through an IV line. […] Diuretics. These medicines may be used to decrease pressure from fluids around the brain. Diuretics also increase fluid loss through urination. […] Medicines to prevent bleeding. Bleeding due to liver problems may require treatment with vitamin K, plasma and platelets. […] Cooling blankets. These blankets help maintain internal body temperature at a safe level. […] A breathing machine called a ventilator can help if your child has trouble breathing.

• #20 Reye Syndrome | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/28505

  Hyperammonemia may be treated with phenylacetate-sodium benzoate (Immunol) or sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate) but may require hemodialysis if level greater than 500mcg/dl. […] Coaguloathy may be treated (especially before invasive procedures or with clinically significant bleeding) using cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or Vitamin K. […] Measures to target treatment of increased ICP may include: […] Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees […] Control of fever to prevent increased cerebral metabolism and rigors […] ICP monitoring […] Lasix administration […] Careful fluid regulation to prevent overhydration […] Sedation and analgesia […] Mannitol or hypertonic saline […] Seizure treatment and subsequent prophylaxis.

• #21 Reye Syndrome (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html

  Children with Reye syndrome are usually treated in a hospital. Those who are seriously ill will be cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU). […] Treatment is supportive, as there is no cure. The clinical care team will: Make sure the child stays hydrated and maintains their electrolyte balance. Check nutrition intake. Watch the child’s heart rate and breathing. Watch the child’s intracranial pressure (pressure of the fluid in the brain) and blood pressure. […] A child also might get: small amounts of insulin to increase glucose metabolism, corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling, diuretics to get rid of excess fluid. […] The outlook for children with Reye syndrome has improved thanks to earlier diagnosis and better treatment. If the late stages of the syndrome happen, they can cause brain damage, disability, or death.

• #22 Reye’s syndrome // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/reye-s-syndrome

  Treatment for Reye’s syndrome usually is done in the hospital. Serious symptoms may be treated in the intensive care unit. Healthcare professionals closely monitor your child’s blood pressure and other vital signs. Specific treatment may include: […] Intravenous (IV) fluids. Sugar also called glucose and an electrolyte solution may be given through an IV line. […] Diuretics. These medicines may be used to decrease pressure from fluids around the brain. Diuretics also increase fluid loss through urination. […] Medicines to prevent bleeding. Bleeding due to liver problems may require treatment with vitamin K, plasma and platelets. […] Cooling blankets. These blankets help maintain internal body temperature at a safe level. […] A breathing machine called a ventilator can help if your child has trouble breathing.

• #23 Reye’s Syndrome NCLEX Review – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/reyes-syndrome/

  Reye’s syndrome is typically treated in the critical care environment with supportive care to decrease intracranial pressure, maintain hemodynamic stability, prevent hypoglycemia, support respiratory function, and address coagulopathy. […] Specific treatments to decrease intracranial pressure include: Administration of osmotic diuretics such as mannitol or hypertonic saline. Administration of dexamethasone to reduce cerebral edema. Maintain head in neutral position with HOB elevated. Avoid severe flexion at the hips and tight or restrictive clothing. Fluid restriction in some cases. Decompressive craniotomy in severe cases. Mechanical ventilation with hyperventilation (used short-term). Maintain normothermia (often requires external cooling measures). Sedation. […] Other supportive treatments may consist of: Dextrose infusion to prevent hypoglycemia. Vitamin K, platelets or fresh frozen plasma to prevent bleeding. Replace electrolytes as needed. Replace fluids as needed to maintain euvolemia. Administer lactulose to remove excess ammonia levels (severe hyperammonemia may require dialysis). Anticonvulsants may be utilized to prevent seizure. Enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube.

• #24 Reye Syndrome – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-children/reye-syndrome

  Treatment of Reye syndrome is supportive, with particular attention paid to control of increased intracranial pressure and blood glucose because glycogen depletion is common. […] Treatment of elevated increased intracranial pressure includes intubation, hyperventilation, fluid restriction of 1500 mL/m2/day, elevating the head of the bed, osmotic diuretics, direct increased intracranial pressure monitoring, and decompressing craniotomy. […] Infusion of 10 or 15% dextrose is common to maintain euglycemia. […] Coagulopathy may require fresh frozen plasma or vitamin K. […] Other treatments (eg, exchange transfusion, hemodialysis, barbiturate-induced deep coma) have not been proved effective but are sometimes used. […] Treatment is supportive, particularly with measures to lower increased intracranial pressure.

• #25 Reye Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Stage-Specific Management, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-treatment

  Hypoglycemia treatment with dextrose 25% (D25) should be administered to treat hypoglycemia, and, as needed dextrose 10%) (D10) may be provided in IV maintenance fluids infused at 1-1.5 mL/min maintenance to provide 8-12 mg/kg/min. Serum glucose should be maintained in the 120-170 mg/dL range to avoid catabolism. […] For life-threatening ICP, mannitol or hypertonic (3%) saline should be administered. Hypertonic saline should not be given to patients with elevated sodium levels. […] Corticosteroids are of no proven benefit with regard to managing ICP and may even be harmful. Accordingly, they are not indicated in this setting. […] Reye syndrome has been successfully treated with liver transplantation.

• #26 REYE’S SYNDROME: KNOW THE SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND TREATMENTS | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/reyes-syndrome-know-the-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Reye’s Syndrome Treatments: The treatment of Reyes syndrome focuses on reducing the swelling in the brain and liver and preventing further damage with supportive care. Some common strategies include: […] In severe cases, the liver becomes severely damaged, and the child may need a liver transplant. Prompt treatment early on can substantially improve the chances of survival.

• #27 Reye’s Syndrome: Causes, Risks & Treatment

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/reyes-syndrome/

  Reye syndrome is a rare illness that affects all bodily organs but is most harmful to the brain and the liver. […] If the disease is found and treated early, most children recover from Reye Syndrome in a few weeks and have no lasting problems. […] There is no cure for Reye syndrome. Successful management, which relies on early diagnosis, is aimed primarily at protecting the brain from irreversible damage by reducing brain swelling, preventing complications in the lungs, and anticipating cardiac arrest. […] To reduce the risk of Reye syndrome, avoid giving aspirin or medications that contain aspirin to your child to treat viral illnesses. Other names for aspirin include: acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, and salicylate. Unless specifically instructed to do so by your child’s doctor, do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 19. […] Speak with your doctor about the ongoing progress and results of these trials to get the most up-to-date information on new treatments. Participating in a clinical trial is a great way to contribute to curing, preventing and treating liver disease and its complications.

• #28 Reye’s syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/reyes-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377255

  Symptoms such as confusion, seizures and loss of consciousness need emergency treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of Reye’s syndrome can save a child’s life. […] To treat fever or pain, consider giving your child infants’ or children’s acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others). Infants’ or children’s acetaminophen and ibuprofen medicines are safer alternatives to aspirin. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of Reye’s syndrome can save a child’s life. […] These symptoms need emergency treatment. […] To prevent Reye’s syndrome, do not give children or teenagers aspirin. This includes plain aspirin and medicines that contain aspirin. Aspirin has been linked to Reye’s syndrome in children and teenagers who have the flu or chickenpox. […] For the treatment of fever or pain related to the flu, chickenpox or another viral illness, give your child a safer alternative to aspirin. This may include infants’ or children’s acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others).

• #29 Aspirin Use in Children for Fever or Viral Syndromes | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1215/p1472.html

  Aspirin should not be used to treat acute febrile viral illness in children. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on case-control studies). Although no causal link has been proven, data from case-control and historic cohort studies demonstrate an association between aspirin use and Reye syndrome. […] Aspirin’s role in the pathogenesis of Reye syndrome is unclear, and some believe the syndrome is caused by a viral infection. […] The National Reye’s Syndrome Foundation, the U.S. Surgeon General, the FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that aspirin and combination products containing aspirin not be taken by anyone younger than 19 years during fever-causing illnesses.

• #30 Reye’s Syndrome: Causes, Risks & Treatment

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/reyes-syndrome/

  Reye syndrome is a rare illness that affects all bodily organs but is most harmful to the brain and the liver. […] If the disease is found and treated early, most children recover from Reye Syndrome in a few weeks and have no lasting problems. […] There is no cure for Reye syndrome. Successful management, which relies on early diagnosis, is aimed primarily at protecting the brain from irreversible damage by reducing brain swelling, preventing complications in the lungs, and anticipating cardiac arrest. […] To reduce the risk of Reye syndrome, avoid giving aspirin or medications that contain aspirin to your child to treat viral illnesses. Other names for aspirin include: acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, and salicylate. Unless specifically instructed to do so by your child’s doctor, do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 19. […] Speak with your doctor about the ongoing progress and results of these trials to get the most up-to-date information on new treatments. Participating in a clinical trial is a great way to contribute to curing, preventing and treating liver disease and its complications.

• #31 Reye Syndrome: A-to-Z Guide from Diagnosis to Treatment to Prevention | DrGreene

  https://www.drgreene.com/articles/reye-syndrome

  Children with Reye syndrome are hospitalized, often in intensive care units. Treatment is aimed at preventing pressure in the skull from building up and supporting children to allow their bodies to recover. […] Avoiding unnecessary aspirin use in children may help to prevent Reye syndrome, especially in children with adenovirus, influenza, or chickenpox. Children with a febrile illness or those recovering from a febrile illness should not be given aspirin unless it is first discussed with their pediatrician. […] Aspirin-containing products (i.e. medications with the ingredients acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, or salicylate) should also be avoided in children. Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) is an example of a common over-the-counter medication which many parents do not know contains aspirin.

• #32 Related conditions – Reye’s Syndrome – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/channel/baby-health/related-conditions/reyes-syndrome

  While only ASA itself has been clearly linked to Reye’s, the US National Reye’s Syndrome Foundation recommends that (pending further research) the whole salicylate family of medications should be avoided during viral illness. Other common salicylate-containing products include Pepto-Bismol and oil of wintergreen. If you’re not sure whether a product or herbal tonic preparation contains salicylates, consult your doctor.

• #33 Reye Syndrome: A-to-Z Guide from Diagnosis to Treatment to Prevention | DrGreene

  https://www.drgreene.com/articles/reye-syndrome

  Children with Reye syndrome are hospitalized, often in intensive care units. Treatment is aimed at preventing pressure in the skull from building up and supporting children to allow their bodies to recover. […] Avoiding unnecessary aspirin use in children may help to prevent Reye syndrome, especially in children with adenovirus, influenza, or chickenpox. Children with a febrile illness or those recovering from a febrile illness should not be given aspirin unless it is first discussed with their pediatrician. […] Aspirin-containing products (i.e. medications with the ingredients acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, or salicylate) should also be avoided in children. Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) is an example of a common over-the-counter medication which many parents do not know contains aspirin.

• #34 Reye’s syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/reyes-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377255

  Symptoms such as confusion, seizures and loss of consciousness need emergency treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of Reye’s syndrome can save a child’s life. […] To treat fever or pain, consider giving your child infants’ or children’s acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others). Infants’ or children’s acetaminophen and ibuprofen medicines are safer alternatives to aspirin. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of Reye’s syndrome can save a child’s life. […] These symptoms need emergency treatment. […] To prevent Reye’s syndrome, do not give children or teenagers aspirin. This includes plain aspirin and medicines that contain aspirin. Aspirin has been linked to Reye’s syndrome in children and teenagers who have the flu or chickenpox. […] For the treatment of fever or pain related to the flu, chickenpox or another viral illness, give your child a safer alternative to aspirin. This may include infants’ or children’s acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others).

• #35 Reye Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-overview

  All children with manifestations suggestive of Reye syndrome should be tested for IEM. Early recognition and treatment of Reye and Reye-like syndromes, including presumptive treatment for possible IEM, are essential to prevent death and optimize the likelihood of recovery without neurologic impairment. […] The mortality rate has decreased from 50% to less than 20% as a result of early diagnosis, recognition of mild cases, and aggressive therapy. […] Decreased mortality also likely reflects an increase in diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), which is critical for life-saving treatment of disease-specific metabolic derangements. […] Patients who survive may recover completely. The 1980-1997 US data indicate full recovery in 62% of the 1134 patients with known outcomes. Survivors are at increased risk for long-term neurologic sequelae if ammonia levels exceed 45 g/dL, if they have stage 2-5 disease, or if they are younger than 5 years.

• #36 Reye’s Syndrome Symptoms and What to Do

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/reyes-syndrome-2861001

  Reye’s syndrome is treated as a medical emergency with the risk of death hovering between 20% and 40%. […] Reye’s syndrome almost always involves care in an intensive care unit (ICU). To relieve encephalitis, a type of sugar called mannitol may be delivered intravenously (into a vein) to help lower ammonia levels along with cerebral edema (build-up of fluid in the brain). […] The treatment of Reye’s syndrome is mainly supportive and often includes: Oxygen therapy, Mechanical ventilation with intubation, IV fluids to treat dehydration caused by severe vomiting, Diuretics („water pills”) to ease high blood pressure and cerebral edema.

• #37 Reye Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-overview

  All children with manifestations suggestive of Reye syndrome should be tested for IEM. Early recognition and treatment of Reye and Reye-like syndromes, including presumptive treatment for possible IEM, are essential to prevent death and optimize the likelihood of recovery without neurologic impairment. […] The mortality rate has decreased from 50% to less than 20% as a result of early diagnosis, recognition of mild cases, and aggressive therapy. […] Decreased mortality also likely reflects an increase in diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), which is critical for life-saving treatment of disease-specific metabolic derangements. […] Patients who survive may recover completely. The 1980-1997 US data indicate full recovery in 62% of the 1134 patients with known outcomes. Survivors are at increased risk for long-term neurologic sequelae if ammonia levels exceed 45 g/dL, if they have stage 2-5 disease, or if they are younger than 5 years.

• #38 Reye’s syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/reyes-syndrome/

  If your child has Reye’s syndrome, they’ll need to go into hospital straight away for treatment. […] Treatments for Reye’s syndrome may include: help with breathing using an oxygen machine, fluids given directly into a vein to help prevent dehydration, medicines to help treat and manage symptoms. […] Most children with Reye’s syndrome make a full recovery if it’s treated quickly. But some children can have long-term brain problems.

• #39 Reye Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-overview

  All children with manifestations suggestive of Reye syndrome should be tested for IEM. Early recognition and treatment of Reye and Reye-like syndromes, including presumptive treatment for possible IEM, are essential to prevent death and optimize the likelihood of recovery without neurologic impairment. […] The mortality rate has decreased from 50% to less than 20% as a result of early diagnosis, recognition of mild cases, and aggressive therapy. […] Decreased mortality also likely reflects an increase in diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), which is critical for life-saving treatment of disease-specific metabolic derangements. […] Patients who survive may recover completely. The 1980-1997 US data indicate full recovery in 62% of the 1134 patients with known outcomes. Survivors are at increased risk for long-term neurologic sequelae if ammonia levels exceed 45 g/dL, if they have stage 2-5 disease, or if they are younger than 5 years.

• #40 Reye Syndrome (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/reye.html

  Children with Reye syndrome are usually treated in a hospital. Those who are seriously ill will be cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU). […] Treatment is supportive, as there is no cure. The clinical care team will: Make sure the child stays hydrated and maintains their electrolyte balance. Check nutrition intake. Watch the child’s heart rate and breathing. Watch the child’s intracranial pressure (pressure of the fluid in the brain) and blood pressure. […] A child also might get: small amounts of insulin to increase glucose metabolism, corticosteroids to reduce brain swelling, diuretics to get rid of excess fluid. […] The outlook for children with Reye syndrome has improved thanks to earlier diagnosis and better treatment. If the late stages of the syndrome happen, they can cause brain damage, disability, or death.

• #41 What is Reye’s Syndrome? A Complete Overview – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-reyes-syndrome

  As noted, there can be rapid progression in Reyes syndrome, resulting in life-threatening health complications. Therefore, if there is suspicion of Reyes syndrome, the patient needs to seek medical care immediately in the emergency room. Severe cases of Reyes syndrome may require close monitoring in an intensive care unit (ICU). Immediate treatment consists of: […] Early detection and treatment for Reyes syndrome can result in a full recovery. […] Most children and teenagers who develop Reye’s syndrome make a full recovery. However, some children are left with varying degrees of brain damage, delayed cognitive development, epilepsy, nerve damage, and muscle weakness. These conditions may require long-term management and rehabilitation. In the absence of a proper diagnosis and treatment, Reye’s syndrome can be fatal within a few days.

• #42 Reye’s Syndrome | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/reyes-syndrome

  Reyes syndrome is a serious condition. Seek immediate medical attention at the nearest emergency department if symptoms appear soon after a viral illness. Reyes syndrome can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, a coma, and death. While there is no cure for RS, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and address other conditions that may develop. […] If a person is diagnosed with RS, a healthcare provider will admit them into the intensive care unit immediately to receive treatment. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage by reducing brain swelling, stopping further damage in the liver and blood from lack of oxygen, and preventing lung problems. People with RS will be in the hospital for a few days up to a few weeks until they are healthy enough to leave. […] Early detection and treatment greatly improve the rate of recovery and survival.

• #43 Reye’s Syndrome: Causes, Risks & Treatment

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/pediatric-liver-information-center/pediatric-liver-disease/reyes-syndrome/

  Reye syndrome is a rare illness that affects all bodily organs but is most harmful to the brain and the liver. […] If the disease is found and treated early, most children recover from Reye Syndrome in a few weeks and have no lasting problems. […] There is no cure for Reye syndrome. Successful management, which relies on early diagnosis, is aimed primarily at protecting the brain from irreversible damage by reducing brain swelling, preventing complications in the lungs, and anticipating cardiac arrest. […] To reduce the risk of Reye syndrome, avoid giving aspirin or medications that contain aspirin to your child to treat viral illnesses. Other names for aspirin include: acetylsalicylic acid, acetylsalicylate, salicylic acid, and salicylate. Unless specifically instructed to do so by your child’s doctor, do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 19. […] Speak with your doctor about the ongoing progress and results of these trials to get the most up-to-date information on new treatments. Participating in a clinical trial is a great way to contribute to curing, preventing and treating liver disease and its complications.

• #44 Reye’s Syndrome | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/reyes-syndrome

  Reyes syndrome is a serious condition. Seek immediate medical attention at the nearest emergency department if symptoms appear soon after a viral illness. Reyes syndrome can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, a coma, and death. While there is no cure for RS, treatments are available to help manage symptoms and address other conditions that may develop. […] If a person is diagnosed with RS, a healthcare provider will admit them into the intensive care unit immediately to receive treatment. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage by reducing brain swelling, stopping further damage in the liver and blood from lack of oxygen, and preventing lung problems. People with RS will be in the hospital for a few days up to a few weeks until they are healthy enough to leave. […] Early detection and treatment greatly improve the rate of recovery and survival.

• #45 Reye Syndrome – High Point Pediatrics

  https://highpointpediatrics.com/child-health-library/healthwise?DOCHWID=hw74464

  Reye syndrome is always treated in a hospital, often in the intensive care unit (ICU). The goal is to stop damage to the brain and liver and to prevent other problems. While in the hospital, your child will receive medicines to reduce brain swelling and will get other supportive care. […] If your child has symptoms of Reye syndrome, get medical care right away, even if your child has not had a recent viral illness or taken aspirin. Early treatment makes full recovery more likely.

Zobacz więcej