Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Shaken baby syndrome | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/shaken-baby-syndrome

  Emergency treatment for a child who has been shaken may include breathing support and surgery to stop bleeding in the brain. Some children may require medicines to reduce brain swelling and prevent seizures.

• #2 Shaken Baby Syndrome (Abusive Head Trauma): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13779-shaken-baby-syndrome

  If your baby has any signs of shaken baby syndrome, they need immediate medical treatment. For milder cases, your baby may need medicine and observation at the hospital. […] In more severe cases, treatment may include life-saving measures. A healthcare provider may insert a breathing tube down your child’s throat to provide respiratory support. A surgeon may have to perform surgery to stop bleeding or reduce swelling in your baby’s brain.

• #3 Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499836/

  Most of the care of abusive head trauma is supportive. Vital signs should be monitored. Intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required. Intracranial pressure, if present, should be monitored and treated. If there is a subdural hematoma, surgical evacuation should be considered. The goal of therapy is to maintain low intracranial pressure while maintaining acceptable blood pressure, ensuring adequate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). […] The initial management of a child with a traumatic brain injury is maintaining the patients airway, breathing, and circulation. Children with no alterations of consciousness and normal blood pressure may be managed with supportive care. Hypotension is treated with fluid boluses. Those with a Glasgow coma score of less than 9, marked respiratory distress, or hemodynamic instability may require advanced airway management to enhance oxygenation and ventilation and prevent aspiration.

• #4 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-is-Shaken-Baby-Syndrome-Treated.aspx

  SBS is a medical emergency. Prompt identification and treatment can be life-saving. Management typically involves a multidisciplinary medical team and the involvement of law enforcement, since it is a criminal offense in many countries. […] Treatment depends on how severe the child’s condition is and may require respiratory support, if respiration is depressed, and surgery to bring an end to the bleeding. […] The mainstay of therapy at the hospital is supportive care in terms of maintaining adequate blood pressure and stabilizing other vital signs. […] If needed, mechanical ventilation is provided. Surgical care, particularly surgical evacuation, may be necessary for subdural hematomas. Retinal hemorrhages, on the other hand, usually do not require any therapy, because they tend to resolve on their own. However, in babies with retinal hemorrhages that do not resolve spontaneously or in cases where there is extensive retinal detachment, surgical intervention is crucial.

• #5 Shaken Baby Syndrome – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/shaken-baby-syndrome.html

  Medicines may be given in your baby’s IV to decrease brain swelling and prevent seizures. […] A ventilator is a machine to help your baby breathe if he or she has trouble breathing on his or her own. […] Surgery may be needed to place a shunt in your baby’s head. A shunt helps relieve pressure from fluid buildup in the space around the brain. Surgery may also be needed to decrease bleeding in or around his or her brain.

• #6

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw169815

  A child with abusive head trauma needs to be in the hospital, sometimes in an intensive care unit (ICU). Oxygen therapy may be used to help the child breathe. Doctors may give the child medicine to help ease brain swelling. Sometimes a cooling mattress will help lower the child’s body temperature and reduce brain swelling. […] Depending on the symptoms, doctors may try seizure medicine, physiotherapy, or other treatments. A child who has severe bleeding in the brain may need surgery.

• #7 Shaken baby syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaken_baby_syndrome

  Treatment involves monitoring intracranial pressure (the pressure within the skull). Treatment occasionally requires surgery, such as to place a cerebral shunt to drain fluid from the cerebral ventricles, and, if an intracranial hematoma is present, to drain the blood collection.[53][1] […] Prognosis depends on severity and can range from total recovery to severe disability to death when the injury is severe.[53] One third of patients diagnosed with SBS die, one third survives with a major neurological condition, and only one third survives in good condition; therefore shaken baby syndrome puts children at risk of long-term disability.[102][103] The most frequent neurological impairments experienced by 70% of SBS survivors are learning disabilities, seizure disorders, speech disabilities, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and visual disorders.[76][99] Endocrine dysfunction is not uncommon. It is recommended that survivors of SBS be referred to medical homes for continuous follow-up by pediatricians and their healthcare team.[99]

• #8 Shaken Baby Syndrome (Inpatient Care)

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/shaken-baby-syndrome-inpatient-care.html

  Shaken baby syndrome is brain injury caused by violent shaking. It is also called abusive head trauma. Intense shaking causes your baby’s brain to bleed, bruise, and swell. This leads to decreased oxygen to your baby’s brain. It may result in permanent, severe brain damage and can be life-threatening. […] A shunt is a flexible tube placed into a space in your baby’s brain. The tube helps drain fluid out of the brain and into the abdomen or chest. Ask your healthcare provider for more information about shunts. […] Surgery may be needed to stop bleeding in your baby’s brain. This may also be done to remove blood that has collected in his or her brain.

• #9 Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499836/

  Traumatic brain injury can cause intracranial hypertension. These patients require sedation with barbiturates, which lowers intracranial pressure by decreasing cerebral metabolism, decreasing cerebral blood flow. […] Decompressive craniectomy for signs of herniation, neurologic deterioration, or those not responding to prior therapy. This surgical procedure involves removing part of the skull allowing for swelling to occur while limiting secondary injury.

• #10

  https://www.aapos.org/glossary/shaken-baby-syndrome

  Retinal hemorrhages often resolve without treatment, but a vitreous hemorrhage may not. A vitreous hemorrhage can quickly cause amblyopia (lazy eye) by blocking the vision out of the eye. Surgery may be needed to clear a vitreous hemorrhage in an attempt to reverse the amblyopia. […] Permanent damage to vision can also occur as a result of direct injury to the eye or the brain. Damage to the brain is the main reason for poor vision. Scarring of the retina or atrophy of the optic nerve may show up months after the injury and is usually irreversible. Brain injury may also lead to developmental delays, seizures, paralysis, and even death. Nearly a quarter of shaken infants can die from their injuries. For any child suspected to have suffered non-accidental trauma, the physician is required by law in the US to report the case to a designated governmental agency.

• #11 Shaken Baby Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/shaken-baby-syndrome

  Call 911 immediately if you suspect your child has shaken baby syndrome. Some babies will stop breathing after being shaken. If this occurs, CPR can keep your baby breathing while you wait for medical personnel to arrive. […] Theres no medication to treat shaken baby syndrome. In severe cases, surgery may be required to treat bleeding in the brain. This may involve placement of a shunt, or thin tube, to relieve pressure or to drain excess blood and fluid. Eye surgery may also be needed to remove any blood before it permanently affects vision.

• #12 What kind of treatment is common after shaken baby syndrome? | Keane Law Firm

  https://www.keanelaw.com/faqs/what-kind-of-treatment-is-common-after-shaken-baby-syndrome.cfm

  an IV (short for intravenous fluids) to keep body fluids and salts under control when necessary […] a tube for emptying or feeding the stomach […] treatment for any other injuries, such as broken bones, cuts, or seizures. […] physical therapy […] vision therapy […] speech therapy or treatment for hearing loss […] medication or surgery for mental imbalance or frequent unconsciousness […] many other treatments.

• #13 Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shaken.html

  What Can Help a Child With Abusive Head Trauma? […] After abusive head trauma, a child may need long-term care from a team of health experts, such as: […] They also might need support from therapists, such as: […] Before age 3, a child can receive free speech therapy or physical therapy through state-run programs. After age 3, the child’s school district’s provides any needed special educational services. […] As kids get older, they may need special schooling and ongoing help to build language and daily living skills, like dressing.

• #14 Shaken Baby Syndrome: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/shaken-baby-syndrome

  Treatment for shaken baby syndrome depends on the injury. Surgery may be needed in an emergency. Some children will need care for the rest of their lives. […] A child with shaken baby syndrome might also need speech, physical, and occupational therapy. When they reach school age, they may need special education. As adults, they still may need help with daily living activities like getting dressed. […] Researchers who have studied survivors of shaken baby syndrome found that even though they may deal with lifelong disabilities, they can thrive when they receive the right kinds of support.

• #15 What Is Shaken Baby Syndrome? Symptoms, Signs, Facts

  https://www.medicinenet.com/shaken_baby_syndrome_abusive_head_trauma/article.htm

  Successful treatment for shaken baby syndrome demands accurate diagnosis and removal of the infant (and any siblings) from the household in which the abuse occurred. Then, supportive care provides the mainstay of medical management. […] The first step in successful treatment for shaken baby syndrome demands accurate diagnosis and removal of the infant (and any siblings) from the household in which the abuse occurred. Once diagnosed, supportive care provides the mainstay of medical management. Neurosurgical procedures may be indicated as well as orthopedic management of bone fractures. Eye specialists (ophthalmologists) are critical in the evaluation and monitoring of retinal hemorrhages. Once the infant is medically stable, a series of developmental evaluations are necessary to provide a baseline at the time of diagnosis. Follow-up evaluations monitor for long-term side effects of head trauma. The perpetrator will need to undergo psychological evaluation.

• #16 Shaken Baby Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/shaken-baby-syndrome-7112851

  Treatment for shaken baby syndrome depends on what type of injury was sustained and how severe it is. If there is swelling in the brain, surgery may be needed. […] Several healthcare providers may be involved in treating shaken baby syndrome, including: neurologist, neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, speech pathologist, physical therapist, occupational therapist. […] Shaken baby syndrome may be difficult to diagnose because it often goes unreported. Treatment depends on the severity of the injuries. To prevent shaken baby syndrome, never shake an infant or young child.

• #17 Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/shaken

  What Can Help a Child With Abusive Head Trauma? […] After abusive head trauma, a child may need long-term care from a team of health experts, such as: brain doctors (neurology), brain surgeons (neurosurgery), eye doctors (ophthalmology), hormone doctors (endocrinology). […] They also might need support from therapists, such as: rehab medicine, speech-language therapy, physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT). […] Before age 3, a child can receive free speech therapy or physical therapy through state-run programs. After age 3, the child’s school district provides any needed special educational services. […] As kids get older, they may need special schooling and ongoing help to build language and daily living skills, like dressing.

• #18 Shaken Baby Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/shaken-baby-syndrome

  Rehabilitation therapy is often used in the management of Shaken Baby Syndrome. Physical therapy, speech-language therapy, and occupational therapy can help children regain lost abilities and develop new skills. Additionally, behavioral and cognitive therapy may be recommended to help children manage any long-term mental and emotional effects of the injury. Individuals trained in sensory integration therapy may also be involved in the child`s rehabilitation.

• #19 Abusive Head Trauma In Infants: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/abusive-head-trauma-in-infants-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-1719862613

  The treatment of Shaken Baby Syndrome focuses on addressing the immediate medical needs of the infant and providing long-term care and rehabilitation. Dr Gupta listed some key components of abusive head trauma treatment: […] Emergency Care: Immediate medical attention is critical for infants with severe symptoms. This may involve stabilising the infant’s breathing, managing seizures, and treating any fractures or internal injuries. […] Surgery: In cases where there is significant brain swelling or bleeding, surgical intervention may be necessary. […] Rehabilitation: Long-term rehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, are often required to address the developmental and neurological deficits resulting from the injury. […] Support Services: Families may need access to counselling, social services, and support groups to cope with the emotional and psychological impact of SBS.

• #20 Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/shaken-baby-syndrome

  In extreme cases of shaken baby syndrome, surgery may be required to stop the bleeding of the brain or to allow the brain more room to swell before healing properly. […] In mild cases, the infant may only need to remain in the hospital to be monitored as their healing progresses. […] If shaken baby syndrome is left untreated, it could result in death as well as several other life-long conditions, such as: Behavior disorders, Cerebral palsy, Cognitive impairment, Hearing impairment, Vision impairment, Speech disabilities.

• #21 Shaken baby syndrome: A severe and disheartening form of child abuse – Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children

  https://www.arnoldpalmerhospital.com/content-hub/shaken-baby-syndrome-a-severe-and-disheartening-form-of-child-abuse/

  Shaken baby syndrome is 100% preventable if we can find a way to alleviate the stress of the parent or caregiver when a baby is crying inconsolably. […] Inform others about hospital based programs that teach new parents about the dangers of shaking their infant and how to respond when their baby cries. […] Inform new parents about prevention programs, such as the Period of Purple Crying, to better help parents understand why babies cry. […] Provide recommendations for books on how to reduce infant crying, such as those written by Dr. Harvey Karp. […] Make sure that the other people who help take care of your baby including friends, babysitters, siblings, and grandparents know about the dangers of shaken baby syndrome. […] Help new parents find support through counseling or parenting classes.

• #22 Recognition and management of Shaken Baby Syndrome – Irish Medical Journal

  https://imj.ie/recognition-and-management-of-shaken-baby-syndrome/

  Management of AHT centres around treatment of the acute medical condition. This is complemented with a multidisciplinary team approach involving social workers both within the hospital and in the community. […] Social workers should be part of the team that is initially involved with the assessment of the infant on arrival to the hospital. This prevents duplication of the interview with the parents. They also provide counselling and support for families involved with AHT. In addition, they will be key in arranging home care services, follow up care with the community agencies, short-term care placements and liaison with the external agencies to reintegrate families if appropriate. […] Most experts believe that AHT is largely preventable. The most common preceding incident is sustained crying. Exhausted parents and other caregivers may become frustrated and angry when infants in their care cry inconsolably. Prevention strategies include Identifying high risk families, increased community recognition, providing support for parents. As health care professionals we need to recognise exhaustion and frustration, arrange admission to hospital to defuse the situation if necessary and provide parenting education and link groups. In the words of Dr Carol Jenny, an internationally renowned expert in the field of AHT: Abusive Head Trauma begins with intense frustration and anger. In its aftermath lives relationships, families and futures can be changed forever. […] Prevention is far better than cure.

• #23 Shaken Baby Syndrome – Description of the Problem

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/injury_prevention/shaken_baby_syndrome/description.htm

  Evidence based research suggests that programs that teach parents and caregivers about the dangers of shaking a baby, as well as ways to cope with the stresses of caring for a child, are very effective in reducing the incidence of SBS. […] In New York State, all hospitals are required to offer new parents the option of viewing a video on Shaken Baby Syndrome, including ways to cope with a crying child.

• #24 8. Interventions and Prevention of SBS/AHT | ATrain Education

  https://www.atrainceu.com/content/8-interventions-and-prevention-sbsaht

  The first thing to know is that crying in a young baby is often normal; its part of their neurological development. […] Giving parents and caregivers tools that help them cope with frustration while caring for a baby are important components of any SBS prevention program. Health professionals play a key role in reinforcing prevention by helping parents and caregivers understand the dangers of violently shaking a baby, the risk factors and the triggers for it, and ways to lessen the load on stressed-out parents and caregivers, all of which may help to reduce the number of cases of SBS. […] The PURPLE program also emphasizes three main points: Parents are encouraged to use typical calming responses (carry, comfort, walk, talk) with their infants. […] Labor and delivery nurses, discharge nurses, and health educators can distribute the Period of PURPLE Crying program materials to new parents prior to the babys discharge from the hospital or birthing center. […] There are also programs targeting males, especially new fathers, with information and resources for providing safe and nurturing care for their new infants and safe strategies for coping with frustration caused by crying babies.

• #25 10 Common Baby Questions | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/calm-a-crying-baby/parents/about-shaken-baby-syndrome/

  No parent or caregiver ever thinks they could intentionally harm a child. But it happens. An adult loses patience, just for an instant, and shakes a crying baby. That momentary lapse in judgment can bring a lifetime of sorrow. Shaking a baby can cause serious and sometimes fatal head injuries or permanent disabilities called shaken baby syndrome (SBS). You can prevent SBS by educating everyone who cares for your child about the dangers of shaking a baby, and how to appropriately respond to crying. […] Most of the time, a parents best bet is to keep calmly soothing the baby and wait it out the baby will probably calm down on their own pretty soon. A baby unhinged can be frustrating, though. If youre getting upset, its always okay to set the baby down in a safe place like a bassinet or crib, leave the room for a few minutes, take a break and calm yourself down.

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