Zespół post-polio – Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Zespół post-polio
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Zespół post-polio (PPS) to schorzenie neurologiczne rozwijające się u 25-40% osób po przebytym poliomyelitis, zwykle 15-40 lat po pierwotnej infekcji. Charakteryzuje się postępującym osłabieniem mięśni, zmęczeniem, bólem mięśniowo-stawowym, zanikiem mięśni, zaburzeniami oddychania i połykaniem oraz zaburzeniami snu, w tym bezdechem sennym. Diagnostyka opiera się na potwierdzeniu historii porażennego polio, co najmniej 15-letnim okresie stabilności neurologicznej, nowych postępujących objawach oraz wykluczeniu innych przyczyn. Badania obejmują ocenę neurologiczną, EMG, obrazowanie oraz funkcje oddechowe. Leczenie jest objawowe i wielospecjalistyczne, z naciskiem na oszczędzanie energii (pacing), fizjoterapię o niskiej intensywności, stosowanie pomocy ortopedycznych oraz monitorowanie i leczenie powikłań oddechowych, w tym nieinwazyjną wentylację dodatnim ciśnieniem (NIV). Ból neuropatyczny może być leczony gabapentyną, a stosowanie opioidów jest generalnie niezalecane.

Wprowadzenie do zespołu post-polio

Zespół post-polio (PPS, ang. Post-Polio Syndrome, pol. Zespół post-polio) jest schorzeniem neurologicznym, które może rozwinąć się u osób, które przebyły poliomyelitis (chorobę Heinego-Medina) wiele lat po początkowym zakażeniu. Występuje zazwyczaj 15-40 lat po pierwotnym zachorowaniu, choć może pojawić się w okresie od 10 do nawet 70 lat po przebytej infekcji. Szacuje się, że zespół post-polio rozwija się u około 25-40% osób, które przeżyły polio. Pacjenci, którzy przebyli ciężką postać choroby, są w większym stopniu narażeni na wystąpienie tego zespołu.¹²³

Charakterystycznymi objawami zespołu post-polio są: postępujące osłabienie mięśni (często tych samych, które były dotknięte pierwotną infekcją), zmęczenie, ból mięśni i stawów, zanik mięśni, trudności z oddychaniem i połykaniem, zaburzenia snu (w tym bezdech senny) oraz zmniejszona tolerancja na zimno. Objawy te mogą znacząco wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów i utrudniać wykonywanie codziennych czynności.⁴⁵⁶

Chociaż zespół post-polio rzadko zagraża życiu, to postępujący charakter schorzenia może prowadzić do znacznych trudności w samodzielnym funkcjonowaniu. Niektóre powikłania mogą być poważne, zwłaszcza gdy dotyczą mięśni oddechowych, co może prowadzić do problemów z oddychaniem.⁷⁸

Diagnostyka zespołu post-polio

Diagnoza zespołu post-polio jest stawiana na podstawie wywiadu medycznego, objawów klinicznych oraz wykluczenia innych schorzeń. Kryteria diagnostyczne obejmują:⁹¹⁰

Potwierdzoną historię przebytego porażennego poliomyelitis
Okres stabilności neurologicznej trwający co najmniej 15 lat po wyzdrowieniu
Nowe, postępujące osłabienie mięśni lub nieprawidłowe zmęczenie mięśni
Wykluczenie innych przyczyn nowych objawów

⁹¹⁰

Proces diagnostyczny może obejmować szczegółowe badanie neurologiczne i mięśniowo-szkieletowe, badania elektrodiagnostyczne (EMG), badania obrazowe oraz ocenę funkcji oddechowych. W niektórych przypadkach mogą być konieczne dodatkowe badania, takie jak badania snu, aby ocenić obecność zaburzeń oddychania podczas snu.¹¹¹²

Wielodyscyplinarne podejście do opieki

Ze względu na złożoność objawów, pacjenci z zespołem post-polio często wymagają opieki wielospecjalistycznej. Zespół opieki może obejmować:¹³¹⁴

Neurologa – specjalistę w zakresie chorób układu nerwowego
Specjalistę medycyny fizykalnej i rehabilitacji (fizjatra) – lekarza zajmującego się leczeniem złożonych niepełnosprawności
Pulmonologa – specjalistę od problemów oddechowych
Fizjoterapeutę – pomagającego w poprawie zakresu ruchów i koordynacji
Terapeutę zajęciowego – wspierającego w codziennych czynnościach
Logopedę – pomagającego przy trudnościach w połykaniu i mówieniu
Ortotyka – specjalistę od zaopatrzenia ortopedycznego
Psychologa – wspomagającego w radzeniu sobie z aspektami psychologicznymi choroby
Specjalistę ds. mobilności – doradzającego w sprawie odpowiednich pomocy do poruszania się

¹³¹⁴¹⁵

Rola pielęgniarki w opiece nad pacjentem z zespołem post-polio

Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z zespołem post-polio, choć często są pomijane w literaturze dotyczącej tego schorzenia. Ich zadania obejmują:¹⁶¹⁷

Przeprowadzanie oceny stanu pacjenta i monitorowanie objawów
Edukację pacjenta na temat choroby i strategii radzenia sobie z objawami
Pomoc w codziennych czynnościach i dbanie o komfort pacjenta
Koordynację opieki między różnymi specjalistami
Wsparcie psychologiczne dla pacjenta i jego rodziny
Monitorowanie skuteczności wdrożonych interwencji

¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸

Strategie leczenia i zarządzania objawami

Obecnie nie ma lekarstwa na zespół post-polio, dlatego leczenie koncentruje się na zarządzaniu objawami i poprawie jakości życia pacjentów. Poniżej przedstawiono główne strategie terapeutyczne.¹⁹²⁰²¹

Oszczędzanie energii i techniki dozowania aktywności

Kluczową strategią w zarządzaniu zespołem post-polio jest oszczędzanie energii i kontrolowane dozowanie aktywności, co nazywane jest „pacingiem”. Obejmuje to:²²²³

Planowanie i ustalanie priorytetów zadań
Szukanie alternatywnych sposobów wykonywania męczących czynności
Korzystanie z pomocy innych osób w razie potrzeby
Regularne przerwy i okresy odpoczynku w ciągu dnia
Unikanie przeciążania osłabionych mięśni
Zaprzestanie aktywności przed wystąpieniem zmęczenia lub bólu

²²²³²⁴

Fizjoterapia i ćwiczenia

Odpowiednio dobrane ćwiczenia mogą pomóc w utrzymaniu siły mięśniowej i poprawie ogólnej sprawności. Fizjoterapia dla pacjentów z zespołem post-polio powinna uwzględniać:²⁵²⁶

Ćwiczenia niewywołujące zmęczenia – o niskiej intensywności, które nie powodują bólu ani zmęczenia trwającego dłużej niż 10 minut
Trening wytrzymałościowy – dostosowany do możliwości pacjenta
Ćwiczenia w wodzie – które zmniejszają obciążenie stawów
Regularny odpoczynek – pomiędzy seriami ćwiczeń
Unikanie przeciążeń – ćwiczenia nie powinny prowadzić do bólu mięśni

²⁵²⁶²⁷

Pomoce w poruszaniu się i sprzęt adaptacyjny

Odpowiednie pomoce mogą znacząco ułatwić codzienne funkcjonowanie i zmniejszyć obciążenie słabszych mięśni. Do najczęściej stosowanych należą:²⁸²⁹

Ortezy i aparaty ortopedyczne – wspierające osłabione mięśnie i stawy, poprawiające postawę i zapobiegające upadkom
Laski i kule – pomagające w utrzymaniu równowagi
Skutery elektryczne – umożliwiające przemieszczanie się na dłuższych dystansach
Wózki inwalidzkie – gdy chodzenie staje się zbyt trudne lub niebezpieczne
Urządzenia wspomagające w domu – jak poręcze przy prysznicu, podwyższone siedzenia toaletowe
Specjalistyczne urządzenia do codziennych czynności – ułatwiające ubieranie się, gotowanie itp.

²⁸²⁹³⁰

Leczenie problemów oddechowych

Problemy oddechowe są częstym powikłaniem u pacjentów z zespołem post-polio i wymagają szczególnej uwagi. Leczenie może obejmować:³¹³²

Nieinwazyjna wentylacja dodatnim ciśnieniem (NIV) – szczególnie w nocy, aby zmniejszyć objawy bezdechu sennego i odciążyć mięśnie oddechowe
Techniki wspomaganego kaszlu – pomagające w usuwaniu wydzieliny z dróg oddechowych
Techniki oddychania, takie jak oddychanie językowo-gardłowe („oddychanie żabie”)
Regularne badania funkcji płuc – dla wczesnego wykrycia pogorszenia funkcji oddechowej
Szybkie leczenie infekcji dróg oddechowych

³¹³²³³

Leczenie bólu

Ból jest częstym objawem u pacjentów z zespołem post-polio i może wynikać z przeciążenia mięśni, zmian stawowych lub innych problemów. Leczenie bólu może obejmować:³⁴³⁵

Leki przeciwbólowe – niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ), paracetamol
Leki przeciwdrgawkowe – np. gabapentyna (Neurontin, Gralise) przy bólu neuropatycznym
Techniki fizjoterapeutyczne – masaż, ciepłe okłady, stretching
Modyfikacje aktywności – aby unikać przeciążeń
Urządzenia wspomagające – zmniejszające obciążenie stawów

³⁴³⁵³⁶

Należy zauważyć, że przewlekłe stosowanie opioidowych leków przeciwbólowych generalnie nie jest zalecane ze względu na ryzyko długoterminowych działań niepożądanych.³⁴

Wsparcie psychologiczne

Aspekty psychologiczne są istotnym elementem opieki nad pacjentem z zespołem post-polio. Wsparcie może obejmować:³⁷³⁸

Psychoterapię indywidualną lub rodzinną – pomagającą w adaptacji do zmian związanych z chorobą
Grupy wsparcia – umożliwiające wymianę doświadczeń z innymi osobami z zespołem post-polio
Techniki radzenia sobie ze stresem – jak medytacja, techniki relaksacyjne
Leczenie depresji – jeśli występuje, poprzez psychoterapię i/lub farmakoterapię

³⁷³⁸³⁹

Modyfikacje stylu życia

Odpowiednie modyfikacje stylu życia mogą znacząco wpłynąć na jakość życia pacjentów z zespołem post-polio:⁴⁰⁴¹

Kontrola wagi – nadwaga zwiększa obciążenie osłabionych mięśni i negatywnie wpływa na poziom energii
Zdrowa dieta – zbilansowana, bogata w składniki odżywcze
Unikanie palenia tytoniu – które może pogorszyć problemy oddechowe
Utrzymywanie optymalnej temperatury ciała – osoby z zespołem post-polio często źle tolerują zimno
Zapobieganie upadkom – poprzez usunięcie potencjalnych zagrożeń w domu (np. luźne dywany)

⁴⁰⁴¹⁴²

Specyficzne aspekty opieki pielęgniarskiej

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z zespołem post-polio wymaga kompleksowego podejścia i uwzględnienia różnorodnych potrzeb pacjenta.⁴³

Ocena pielęgniarska

Kompleksowa ocena pielęgniarska pacjenta z zespołem post-polio powinna obejmować:⁴⁴

Szczegółowy wywiad dotyczący przebytego polio i obecnych objawów
Ocenę funkcji motorycznych i siły mięśniowej
Ocenę poziomu zmęczenia i bólu
Ocenę funkcji oddechowych
Ocenę zdolności do wykonywania codziennych czynności
Ocenę stanu psychicznego
Identyfikację potencjalnych zagrożeń w środowisku domowym

⁴⁴

Interwencje pielęgniarskie

Główne interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z zespołem post-polio to:⁴⁵

Edukacja pacjenta i rodziny – na temat choroby, jej przebiegu i metod radzenia sobie z objawami
Pomoc w codziennych czynnościach – dostosowana do poziomu samodzielności pacjenta
Monitorowanie objawów – w tym bólu, zmęczenia i funkcji oddechowych
Zapobieganie powikłaniom – takim jak odleżyny, infekcje dróg oddechowych
Administrowanie leków – zgodnie z zaleceniami lekarza
Wsparcie emocjonalne – pomagające w radzeniu sobie z przewlekłą chorobą
Koordynacja opieki – współpraca z innymi członkami zespołu interdyscyplinarnego

⁴⁵

Opieka paliatywna

W zaawansowanych stadiach zespołu post-polio może być konieczne wdrożenie elementów opieki paliatywnej, która koncentruje się na łagodzeniu objawów i poprawie jakości życia:⁴⁶

Leczenie bólu – z zastosowaniem odpowiednich leków i metod niefarmakologicznych
Wsparcie oddechowe – w tym nieinwazyjna wentylacja, tlenoterapia
Leczenie nadmiernego ślinienia – przy użyciu leków antycholinergicznych, botoksu lub radioterapii
Pomoc przy zaparciach – które mogą wynikać z dysfunkcji autonomicznej i zmniejszonej mobilności
Wczesne rozmowy na temat preferencji pacjenta – dotyczące przyszłego leczenia i opieki

⁴⁶

Znaczenie edukacji i wsparcia

Edukacja i wsparcie są kluczowymi elementami opieki nad pacjentami z zespołem post-polio. Obejmują one:⁴⁷⁴⁸

Edukację na temat choroby – zrozumienie mechanizmów zespołu post-polio pomaga pacjentom lepiej zarządzać swoim stanem
Naukę technik oszczędzania energii – aby efektywnie wykorzystywać dostępne zasoby energii
Informacje o dostępnych usługach i pomocy – w tym refundacji sprzętu medycznego
Wsparcie emocjonalne – przez profesjonalistów i grupy wsparcia
Zaangażowanie rodziny – edukacja opiekunów i bliskich na temat choroby i potrzeb pacjenta

⁴⁷⁴⁸⁴⁹

Perspektywy i prognozy

Zespół post-polio jest schorzeniem postępującym, lecz jego przebieg jest zazwyczaj powolny, z okresami stabilizacji trwającymi od 3 do 10 lat. Odpowiednie leczenie i zarządzanie objawami może znacząco poprawić jakość życia pacjentów.⁵⁰⁵¹

Populacja osób z zespołem post-polio będzie się zmniejszać w miarę, jak osoby, które przebyły polio, będą się starzeć. Jednakże, dopóki polio nie zostanie całkowicie wyeliminowane na świecie, zespół post-polio będzie wymagał uwagi systemu opieki zdrowotnej.⁵²⁵³

Pacjenci z zespołem post-polio wymagają długoterminowej opieki i regularnych wizyt kontrolnych, aby monitorować postęp choroby i dostosowywać strategie leczenia do zmieniających się potrzeb. Im wcześniej zostanie postawiona diagnoza i wdrożone leczenie, tym lepsze mogą być rezultaty.⁵⁴⁵⁵

Podsumowanie roli pielęgniarskiej w opiece nad pacjentem z zespołem post-polio

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z zespołem post-polio, zapewniając kompleksowe wsparcie i monitorowanie stanu zdrowia. Ich zadania obejmują ocenę stanu pacjenta, edukację, koordynację opieki wielospecjalistycznej oraz wsparcie emocjonalne. Dzięki swojej wiedzy i umiejętnościom, pielęgniarki mogą znacząco przyczynić się do poprawy jakości życia osób z tym przewlekłym schorzeniem.⁵⁶

Istotne jest, aby personel pielęgniarski był świadomy specyfiki zespołu post-polio, który jako schorzenie nieinfekacyjne może wystąpić 10-40 lat po przebytym polio, prezentując się jako zwiększona słabość mięśni, zmęczenie, duszność, dysfagia i zaburzenia snu. Te objawy nie powinny być mylone ze zmianami związanymi z procesem starzenia się.⁵⁶

Pielęgniarki nadal pracują na pierwszej linii, zapewniając opiekę osobom z zespołem post-polio, edukując społeczeństwo i współpracując z innymi specjalistami w celu zapewnienia najlepszej możliwej opieki tym pacjentom.⁵⁶

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Post-polio syndrome affects people whove had polio. PPS develops 10 years or more after the original illness and can occur as late as 40 years afterward. […] Approximately 30% to 40% of people whove had polio will develop PPS. A person who was more severely affected by polio may develop a more severe case of PPS. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] Counseling (psychotherapy) may help you and your family adjust to life with PPS. Support groups that encourage self-help and sharing experiences can be beneficial as well. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.
#2 About Polio in the United States | Polio | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/polio/about/index.html
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect polio survivors decades after they recover from their initial poliovirus infection. Unlike poliovirus, PPS is not contagious. […] PPS affects between 25 and 40 out of every 100 polio survivors. Starting about 15 to 40 years after the initial infection, people affected by PPS can begin experiencing a set of health problems such as: Muscle weakness, Feeling tired (mental and physical fatigue), Joint pain. […] Some people with PPS have only minor symptoms, while others develop more visible muscle weakness and atrophy (a decrease in muscle size). PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can make it difficult for an affected person to function independently.
#3 Post-polio syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355669
Post-polio syndrome is a group of potentially disabling signs and symptoms that appear decades after the initial polio illness. These signs and symptoms usually appear between 30 to 40 years after having polio. […] Post-polio syndrome only affects people who had polio. Common signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome include: Muscle and joint weakness and pain that gets worse over time, Feeling easily fatigued and exhausted, Losing muscle tissue (atrophy), Breathing or swallowing problems, Sleep-related breathing disorders, such as sleep apnea, Decreased tolerance of cold temperatures. […] See your doctor if you have increasing weakness or fatigue. It’s important to rule out other causes of your signs and symptoms and determine whether you have post-polio syndrome. […] Factors that can increase your risk of developing post-polio syndrome include: Severity of initial polio infection. The more severe the initial infection, the more likely that you’ll have signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. Age at onset of initial illness. If you developed polio as an adolescent or adult rather than as a child, your chances of developing post-polio syndrome increase. Recovery. The greater your recovery after acute polio, the more likely it seems that post-polio syndrome will develop. This may be because greater recovery places additional stress on motor neurons. Excessive physical activity. If you often exercise to the point of exhaustion or fatigue, you might overwork already stressed-out motor neurons and increase your risk of post-polio syndrome.
#4 Polio | Post-Polio Syndrome | PPS | MedlinePlus
https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious. […] People who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include: Muscle weakness, Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles), Loss of muscle function, Mental and physical fatigue, Joint pain, Curving of the spine (scoliosis). […] PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life. […] There is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include: Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you, Mobility aids, Ventilation equipment, Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.
#5 Post-polio syndrome | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/post-polio-syndrome/
Post-polio syndrome is a slow progressive condition that affects some people that have had polio. Its not life threatening but it can cause problems in your ability to carry out daily activities. […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome include muscle weakness, shrinking of the muscles (atrophy), tight joints (contractures), pain in muscles or joints, chronic fatigue including physical tiredness and brain fatigue, swallowing and speech problems, respiratory problems like breathlessness and sleep apnoea, cramps and muscle twitching, and being sensitive to cold temperatures. […] This can impact your mobility and your ability to do everyday tasks like brushing your teeth or drying your hair. […] Although post-polio syndrome is rarely life threatening, some people can develop breathing and swallowing difficulties that can lead to serious problems like chest infections.
#6 Post-Polio Syndrome | Saint Luke’s Health System
https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a disorder of the nerves and muscles. It happens in some people many years after they have had polio. PPS may cause new muscle weakness that gets worse over time, pain in the muscles and joints, and tiredness. People with PPS often feel exhausted. […] PPS affects your nerves and muscles. Symptoms usually start between 20 and 40 years after the original polio illness. But they may appear anywhere from 10 to 70 years after. Muscle weakness may be the main symptom. This weakness may affect one side of your body more than the other. In general, symptoms of PPS may include: Progressive weakness (common), Tiredness (fatigue) (common), Pain in the muscles and joints (common), Muscle shrinkage, Trouble swallowing, Breathing problems, Sleep disorders, Sensitivity to cold temperatures.
#7 Post-polio syndrome – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355669
Post-polio syndrome is rarely life-threatening, but severe muscle weakness can lead to complications: Weakness in your leg muscles makes it easier for you to lose your balance and fall. You then might break a bone, such as a hip, leading to other complications. Fatigue is very common in people with post-polio syndrome. The fatigue may be disabling, even after very little activity. It may also lead to problems with concentration and memory. Musculoskeletal abnormalities and muscle weakness can lead to chronic pain. […] If you have post-polio syndrome, talk to your doctor about bone density screening.
#8 Post-polio syndrome | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/post-polio-syndrome/
Post-polio syndrome is a slow progressive condition that affects some people that have had polio. Its not life threatening but it can cause problems in your ability to carry out daily activities. […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome include muscle weakness, shrinking of the muscles (atrophy), tight joints (contractures), pain in muscles or joints, chronic fatigue including physical tiredness and brain fatigue, swallowing and speech problems, respiratory problems like breathlessness and sleep apnoea, cramps and muscle twitching, and being sensitive to cold temperatures. […] This can impact your mobility and your ability to do everyday tasks like brushing your teeth or drying your hair. […] Although post-polio syndrome is rarely life threatening, some people can develop breathing and swallowing difficulties that can lead to serious problems like chest infections.
#9 Polio and the late effects of polio | Better Health Channel
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polio-and-post-polio-syndrome
The late effects of polio (LEoP) is an umbrella term used to describe symptoms related to a history of poliomyelitis. Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a sub-category of LEoP and is a diagnosable neurological condition. […] Anyone with a history of polio may develop LEoP, although not everyone does. People who were severely paralysed by polio are more commonly affected. […] Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a sub-category of LEoP. It is a diagnosable condition, however there is no test that will definitely show that you have it. PPS is diagnosed on the basis of: new symptoms of pain and weakness, continuing for at least a year; medical history having had a polio infection in the past, with or without paralysis; no other clinical explanations for the symptoms (known as diagnosis of exclusion). […] There is no specific treatment for LEoP or PPS. Symptoms may be controlled or improved if you: avoid physical overexertion or stress; keep comfortably warm and avoid exposure to cold temperatures; modify daily activities to conserve energy for example, sit rather than stand where possible; use aids and equipment for example, orthoses, braces, walking sticks and electric scooters; ensure that all exercise is pain free and does not cause excessive tiredness.
#10 Poliomyelitis/Post-Polio Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow
https://now.aapmr.org/poliomyelitis-post-polio-syndrome/
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is defined as a neurologic disorder that can occur in survivors of paralytic polio after a period of functional stability (usually 15 years or more), characterized by new weakness or muscle fatigability, with or without generalized fatigue, muscle atrophy, or pain in muscles and/or joints. […] The incidence and prevalence of post-polio syndrome is not known due to lack of accurate statistics. It is estimated that about 40% of polio survivors develop post-polio syndrome. […] Protection of weak muscles and unstable joints through weight control and avoidance of overuse may prevent or delay onset of post-polio syndrome. […] The most common symptoms of PPS are new weakness (with or without muscle atrophy), fatigue and pain in muscles and/or joints. […] Post-polio syndrome is classified as a slowly progressive neuromuscular disease but the most common clinical presentation is one of functional declines and plateaus.
#11 Post-Polio Syndrome Clinic | Johnstown, PA
https://www.conemaugh.org/neuroscience/post-polio-syndrome-clinic
Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a neurological condition that results in weakness, fatigue and/or pain in joints that were affected by polio. An estimated 20 percent of all polio survivors will develop additional disabilities due to PPS. […] Conemaugh Health System offers an effective, integrative approach to diagnosing and treating Post-Polio Syndrome, combining traditional medicine, complementary healing methods, patient education, and research to help individuals lessen or slow the progression of symptoms. […] Conemaugh’s team compiles and reviews a detailed clinical history on each program participant, and performs a comprehensive physical exam. Additional diagnostic tests, including electromyogram (EMG) and/or nerve conduction studies, MRIs, sleep studies and/or comprehensive pulmonary function tests, may be performed to exclude other medical problems that could cause PPS-like symptoms. Referrals to other specialists such as neuropsychologists, respiratory therapists, or nutritionists may also be recommended. […] Treatment includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutrition counseling, pain control and/or the use of braces and other orthotic equipment, stress management, aromatherapy, and chronic disease self-management.
#12 Post-Polio Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment Kansas City, Overland Park KS
https://www.kcbj.com/post-polio-syndrome-2-orthopedic-musculoskeletal-care-overland-park-kansas-city/
Post-polio syndrome is a collection of potentially disabling signs and symptoms that present themselves many years following polio. […] In order to diagnose post-polio syndrome there are three markers a doctor will look for. […] The first is the individual has had a previous diagnosis of polio, this requires examining old medical records or gathering information from older family members to confirm the older diagnosis. […] The second is long interval after recovery from polio. […] Those who survive and recover from the initial polio breakout may live for many years without any signs or symptoms. […] Late onset of effects of polio can vary, but typically will surface within 15 years of first diagnosis. […] The third is gradual onset of symptoms. […] Muscle weakness that develops later occurs in the muscle the were initially affected by polio. […] This may not be noticeable but may interfere with activities of daily living.
#13
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/
There’s currently no cure for post-polio syndrome (PPS), so treatment focuses on helping you manage your symptoms and improving your quality of life. […] People with the condition are often treated by a team of different healthcare professionals working together. This is known as a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Members of your MDT may include: a neurologist a specialist in problems affecting the nervous system, a respiratory consultant a specialist in problems affecting breathing, a consultant in rehabilitation a specialist in managing complex disabilities, a physiotherapist who helps people improve their range of movement and co-ordination, a speech and language therapist who can help people with swallowing difficulties, an occupational therapist who helps people improve the skills needed for daily activities, such as washing and dressing, a mobility specialist who can advise you about mobility aids, such as walking sticks and wheelchairs.
#14 Post-polio syndrome | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/post-polio-syndrome/
As theres no cure for post-polio syndrome, treatment will help you manage your symptoms and quality of life. […] Its likely youll have a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals working together to care for you including neurologists, respiratory specialists, physiotherapists, orthotists, psychologists, pain management specialists, and occupational therapists. […] Exercise can help slow down the progressive muscle weakness that post-polio syndrome causes. […] Your healthcare team might suggest you try using pacing techniques. […] Medication to relieve pain might be used in addition to pacing techniques. […] You might benefit from a mobility aid like braces to support weakened muscles and joints, walking sticks to help you balance and prevent falls, an electric scooter, or a wheelchair. […] If you have breathing problems, you might benefit from treatment or lifestyle changes. […] Eating a healthy, balanced diet can help you reduce and control your weight. […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome can be distressing.
#15 Polio and the late effects of polio | Better Health Channel
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polio-and-post-polio-syndrome
For some problems, surgery may be necessary. For example: a torn rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder this can occur after years of using the arms to assist with walking (for example, using crutches) or to push up and out of chairs; foot deformities that can cause falls; replacing worn joints at the hip and knee on the stronger leg. […] After a full assessment with a rehabilitation specialist, you may be referred to: a physiotherapist or exercise physiologist for weakness, pain or mobility problems; a respiratory therapist for breathing difficulties; an orthopedist for leg braces; an occupational therapist for help with functioning at work, home or in the community; a speech pathologist for help with speaking or swallowing; a pain clinic for chronic pain; a psychologist for depression or other mood difficulties; a social worker to assist with advocacy and quality of life; a pedorthist for help with footwear; a podiatrist for help with foot pain or other foot issues; a dietitian for help with nutrition to maintain a healthy weight. […] Health professionals such as social workers, psychologists or occupational therapists can help you manage any concerns you have due to increased or changing needs brought on by LEoP.
#16 For Health Professionals – Post Polio
https://post-polio.org/education/for-health-professionals/
Survivors of polio may seek your medical advice for new weakness, overwhelming fatigue and/or pain. […] Post-Polio Health International recommends that all polio survivors receive consistent, basic medical evaluations. […] If a patient’s symptoms are not explained and alleviated by general medical approaches and the symptoms persist or worsen, a referral is in order. […] It is interesting to note that much is written about the need to educate physicians, physical therapists and occupational therapists, and even psychologists, but nurses are not typically mentioned, but should be. […] Resources are listed below.
#17 An Historical View of Nursing and Polio | OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
https://ojin.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol-26-2021/no1-jan-2021/articles-previous-topics/an-historical-view-of-nursing-and-polio.html
Polio was eradicated in the United States in 1979. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently 10 to 20 million polio survivors, including 750,000 in the United States. People who survived polio may experience post-polio syndrome (PPS) and require additional nursing care. Today’s nurse needs to be aware of PPS, a non-infectious condition, which may occur 10 to 40 years after recovering from the disease. PPS may present as increased weakness, fatigue, dyspnea, dysphagia, and impaired sleep, and should not be confused with changes people may experience due to the aging process. The goal in treating PPS is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. […] Nurses worked long and tirelessly to provide direct care; educate the public; assist with vaccine trials; and coordinate vaccine administration. The nursing profession also benefitted as a whole from these efforts as the private sector recognized the need for increased funding and nursing education to combat this disease. Nurses continue to practice on the front line today as they provide care to survivors with PPS, educate the public, and administer vaccines.
#18
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/42989
Objective: the objective of this study is to facilitate care related to patients with Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) to be assisted according to qualifications and functions of nursing care. […] Results: 17 records were found, which were adapted and covered the theme of this study, on nursing care for patients with PPS. […] Conclusion: There is a national literature shortage on the subject, however, care was adapted according to the assumptions and competencies of nursing that can be used individually or multidisciplinary.
#19 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Post-polio syndrome affects people whove had polio. PPS develops 10 years or more after the original illness and can occur as late as 40 years afterward. […] Approximately 30% to 40% of people whove had polio will develop PPS. A person who was more severely affected by polio may develop a more severe case of PPS. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] Counseling (psychotherapy) may help you and your family adjust to life with PPS. Support groups that encourage self-help and sharing experiences can be beneficial as well. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.
#20
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/
Post-polio syndrome is where some of these symptoms develop or get worse many years or decades after the original polio infection. […] There’s currently no cure for post-polio syndrome, but support and a range of treatments are available to help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. […] Some of the ways that symptoms of post-polio syndrome may be managed include: rest and exercise such as learning to stop activities before becoming exhausted, mobility aids such as walking sticks or scooters, weight control and healthy eating to avoid putting unnecessary strain on muscles and joints, painkilling medication to help relieve muscle or joint pain, psychological support such as discussions with a GP, on an online forum, or in a local support group.
#21 Post-Polio Syndrome – Physicians Primary CarePost-Polio Syndrome
https://www.ppcswfl.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=hw184074
Post-polio syndrome is an illness of the nervous system that can appear 15 to 50 years after you had polio. It affects your muscles and nerves, and it causes you to have weakness, fatigue, and muscle or joint pain. […] Although post-polio syndrome can make some day-to-day activities more difficult, treatment can help control symptoms and help you stay active. Your symptoms may not get worse for many years. Post-polio syndrome usually progresses very slowly. […] Post-polio syndrome is a condition that you may have for the rest of your life. The goal of treatment is to help you control symptoms and learn ways to stay active in spite of your muscle weakness. Here are some things you can do to stay active and feel better: […] Finding this balance is the most important part of your treatment. Work with your doctor or a physical therapist to plan an exercise program that will help strengthen your muscles without making your pain and fatigue worse.
#22
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/
Being active is thought to be beneficial for most people with post-polio syndrome, as it may slow down the progressive muscle weakness. […] However, this can be difficult to achieve because your symptoms may feel worse after a period of activity. […] To overcome this problem, „pacing” techniques may be recommended. This involves: planning and prioritising tasks, finding alternative ways of doing exhausting tasks and getting help from others when you need it, taking regular breaks and having rest periods during the day, doing regular gentle exercise this should be built up gradually and stopped before you become exhausted or experience pain. […] While pain and fatigue can often be reduced using pacing, various medications to help relieve pain are available if you need them. […] Mobility aids may make it possible for you to do many of the activities that were becoming difficult or impossible.
#23 Post-polio syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355674
There’s no one treatment for the various signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and help make you as comfortable and independent as possible. Here are some treatment options that may help manage your post-polio syndrome symptoms: […] Energy conservation. This involves pacing your physical activity and resting frequently to reduce fatigue. Assistive devices such as a cane, walker, wheelchair or motor scooter can help you conserve energy. Having a shower grab bar or raised toilet seat installed also might help. A therapist can show you ways to breathe that help conserve energy. […] Physical therapy. Your doctor or therapist may prescribe exercises for you that strengthen your muscles without fatiguing them. These usually include less strenuous activities, such as swimming or water aerobics, that you perform every other day at a relaxed pace. Exercising to maintain fitness is important, but avoid overusing your muscles and joints and exercising to the point of pain or fatigue.
#24 Post-polio syndrome | MedLink Neurology
https://www.medlink.com/articles/post-polio-syndrome
In post-polio syndrome, symptoms typically occur several decades after recovery, after a long latent period. […] Support from a polio clinic may result in self-selected lifestyle changes, which may positively influence the development of symptoms and functional capacity. Patient education, health promotion, screening, sleep management, and energy conservation strategies that include walking with a properly fitting assistive device reduce perceived fatigue and improve posture and function in an individual with post-polio syndrome. […] The post-polio population is aging and decreasing in size. Still, thousands of post-polio patients require skilled nursing care with their advancing age and declining function. […] Supportive care, self-selected lifestyle changes, and energy conservation strategies remain the central axiom of therapy.
#25 Post-polio syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355674
There’s no one treatment for the various signs and symptoms of post-polio syndrome. The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms and help make you as comfortable and independent as possible. Here are some treatment options that may help manage your post-polio syndrome symptoms: […] Energy conservation. This involves pacing your physical activity and resting frequently to reduce fatigue. Assistive devices such as a cane, walker, wheelchair or motor scooter can help you conserve energy. Having a shower grab bar or raised toilet seat installed also might help. A therapist can show you ways to breathe that help conserve energy. […] Physical therapy. Your doctor or therapist may prescribe exercises for you that strengthen your muscles without fatiguing them. These usually include less strenuous activities, such as swimming or water aerobics, that you perform every other day at a relaxed pace. Exercising to maintain fitness is important, but avoid overusing your muscles and joints and exercising to the point of pain or fatigue.
#26 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Post-polio syndrome affects people whove had polio. PPS develops 10 years or more after the original illness and can occur as late as 40 years afterward. […] Approximately 30% to 40% of people whove had polio will develop PPS. A person who was more severely affected by polio may develop a more severe case of PPS. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] Counseling (psychotherapy) may help you and your family adjust to life with PPS. Support groups that encourage self-help and sharing experiences can be beneficial as well. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.
#27 Polio | Post-Polio Syndrome | PPS | MedlinePlus
https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious. […] People who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include: Muscle weakness, Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles), Loss of muscle function, Mental and physical fatigue, Joint pain, Curving of the spine (scoliosis). […] PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life. […] There is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include: Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you, Mobility aids, Ventilation equipment, Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.
#28
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/
Mobility aids that may be of benefit to people with post-polio syndrome include: braces that can support weakened muscles and joints, improve posture and prevent falls, walking sticks, mobility scooters, wheelchairs. […] If you have breathing difficulties as a result of post-polio syndrome, a number of treatments and lifestyle measures may be useful. […] If you smoke, stopping smoking can also help. […] Being overweight can put further strain on weakened muscles and can have a negative effect on your energy levels and general health. Losing weight (if you need to) may improve your symptoms. […] Following a sensible healthy eating plan will help you reduce and control your weight, as well as improve your overall health. […] It’s important not to neglect your mental wellbeing if you have post-polio syndrome. As well as the impact on your quality of life, feelings of depression and anxiety can also interfere with your treatment.
#29 Post-polio syndrome | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/post-polio-syndrome/
As theres no cure for post-polio syndrome, treatment will help you manage your symptoms and quality of life. […] Its likely youll have a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals working together to care for you including neurologists, respiratory specialists, physiotherapists, orthotists, psychologists, pain management specialists, and occupational therapists. […] Exercise can help slow down the progressive muscle weakness that post-polio syndrome causes. […] Your healthcare team might suggest you try using pacing techniques. […] Medication to relieve pain might be used in addition to pacing techniques. […] You might benefit from a mobility aid like braces to support weakened muscles and joints, walking sticks to help you balance and prevent falls, an electric scooter, or a wheelchair. […] If you have breathing problems, you might benefit from treatment or lifestyle changes. […] Eating a healthy, balanced diet can help you reduce and control your weight. […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome can be distressing.
#30 Post-polio Syndrome | UK Healthcare
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/kentucky-neuroscience-institute/conditions/neuromuscular-disorders/post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can develop several decades after a person has had polio (poliomyelitis). […] Treatment for post-polio syndrome may include a balanced program of rest and exercise, pain medicines, physical therapy, and assistive devices such as canes or braces. […] Post-polio syndrome is a condition that you may have for the rest of your life. The goal of treatment is to help you control symptoms and learn ways to stay active in spite of your muscle weakness. Here are some things you can do to stay active and feel better: […] Work with your doctor or a physical therapist to plan an exercise program that will help strengthen your muscles without making your pain and fatigue worse. […] Use assistive devices. The devices can make activities easier. An occupational therapist can help you find what devices might be most helpful, such as a cane, different types of braces or splints, or a powered chair.
#31 SciELO Brazil – Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/ZnRBtk4rLpHW44PMHF6GdBJ/
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. […] Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia. […] Only when evaluated and treated promptly, some patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned. […] Patients with PAP might have compromised lung function, irrespectively of shortness of breath. […] The measurement of respiratory muscle strength and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in particular, can augment the assessment of lung function in this population. […] Sleep disorders are common in PPS patients. […] Among sleep disorders related to PPS, periodic limb movements (PLM) hypopnea and, specially, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the most frequent.
#32 SciELO Brazil – Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome
https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/ZnRBtk4rLpHW44PMHF6GdBJ/
These sleep disorders may contribute to a cardinal PPS symptom: fatigue. […] Generalized fatigue, specific muscle weakness and joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning, obesity and dyslipidemia. […] The safety and the efficacy of training PPS and other NMDs patients were evaluated by some investigators. […] The principal respiratory manifestation of PPS in the PFTs is a restrictive defect in ventilatory function. […] The respiratory care approach of post-polio syndrome patients follows the standard recommendations for patients with neuromuscular diseases with few particularities. […] Moreover, when the inspiratory muscles are significantly compromised, other resources as breath-stacking technique, manual hyperinflation (using a resuscitator bag) and intermittent positive pressure ventilators can also be used to improve the inspiratory volume prior the forced expiratory maneuver.
#33 Post-polio Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is the onset of new deterioration in function that may occur many years after partial or complete recovery from acute poliomyelitis. […] Management requires careful assessment and a multidisciplinary approach. […] A multidisciplinary approach is helpful. Some important aspects of management are: The correct balance of rest and exercise is essential: Avoid overuse, as too much exercise causes increased weakness and fatigue in damaged muscles. […] Specific treatment of other problems – eg, dysphagia and respiratory and sleep problems. […] Respiratory problems in PPS are an important cause of symptoms and complications, including sleep disorders. […] Treatment can improve both quality of life and prognosis. […] Night-time mechanical ventilation is often used. This helps by resting the respiratory muscles at night and preventing deterioration of respiratory function during sleep.
#34 Post-polio syndrome – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355674
Speech therapy. A speech therapist can show you ways to compensate for swallowing difficulties. Voice strengthening exercises also might be helpful. […] Sleep disorder treatment. You might need to change your sleeping patterns, such as avoiding sleeping on your back, or use a device that helps open your airway when you sleep. If you have restless legs syndrome, treatment for that disorder may help improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue. […] Medications. Pain relievers such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) might ease muscle and joint pain. […] Other possible treatment options may include the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise), which is often used to treat nerve pain. Chronic opioid pain medications generally shouldn’t be used due to their long-term risks. You and your doctor should discuss the right treatment plan for you to manage your pain and symptoms.
#35
https://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2006/12000/managing_postpolio_syndrome_pain.13.aspx
POLIO IS A DISTANT MEMORY for most health care providers, but post-polio syndrome (PPS) is becoming increasingly common in patients who survived the last polio epidemics in the 1950s and 1960s. […] About 640,000 Americans have PPS, which occurs in 22% to 68% of patients who’ve had polio. […] A patient with PPS may describe the muscle pain as a deep ache. […] Physical therapy for PPS focuses on energy conservation, pacing activities, and strengthening exercises directed at the deconditioned muscle groups. […] Pain medications are indicated when rest and rehabilitation don’t provide adequate relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen are most frequently prescribed with excellent results. […] Although PPS can’t be cured, patients can have periods of stability that last 3 to 10 years. Physical therapy and analgesics can offer some respite during the slow downward course of PPS.
#36 Poliomyelitis/Post-Polio Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow
https://now.aapmr.org/poliomyelitis-post-polio-syndrome/
Pain associated with post-polio syndrome may be related to muscle overuse, soft tissue disorders, mechanical or degenerative joint pain, or less commonly, bone or nerve pain. […] There are no recommended pharmaceutical treatments for post-polio syndrome. […] Most health professionals have little knowledge of polio or post-polio and patients must be able to inform and direct aspects of their care to prevent exacerbations of post-polio symptoms. […] Survivors of acute paralytic polio are each unique and require careful, detailed evaluation to determine the presence of post-polio syndrome and secondary musculoskeletal or neurological problems. […] Rehabilitation interventions can prevent or treat associated musculoskeletal disorders and minimize symptoms, but there is no evidence that post-polio syndrome can be avoided through preventive measures.
#37 Post-polio Syndrome | UK Healthcare
https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/kentucky-neuroscience-institute/conditions/neuromuscular-disorders/post-polio-syndrome
If your condition gets worse, your treatment needs may increase. Be sure to see your doctor whenever new symptoms occur or your symptoms get worse. […] Depression is common in people who have post-polio syndrome, as with many long-term illnesses. But it may be hard to recognize, because symptoms of fatigue, low energy, and sleep problems can occur with both conditions. If you think you may be depressed, talk to your doctor. Treatment can often greatly improve symptoms of depression.
#38 Post-Polio Syndrome – Physicians Primary CarePost-Polio Syndrome
https://www.ppcswfl.com/health-library/hw-view.php?DOCHWID=hw184074
If your condition gets worse, your treatment needs may increase. Be sure to see your doctor whenever new symptoms occur or your symptoms get worse. […] Depression is common in people who have post-polio syndrome, as with many long-term illnesses. But it may be hard to recognize, because symptoms of fatigue, low energy, and sleep problems can occur with both conditions. If you think you may be depressed, talk to your doctor. Treatment can often greatly improve symptoms of depression.
#39 Post-Polio Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook
https://www.healthline.com/health/post-polio-syndrome
For example, you may consider using mobility aids, such as orthotic devices. Mechanical reaching tools can help make your daily routine easier and less tiring. […] While theres no medication specifically approved for PPS, a doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription anti-inflammatory drugs. These can help relieve pain and discomfort in your muscles, joints, and spine. […] Additionally, a doctor may recommend individual or family counseling to help you cope with some of the changes youre experiencing with PPS. You may also consider a support group to connect with others who are going through similar experiences. […] If a primary care doctor diagnoses PPS, they may refer you to a neuromuscular specialist, such as a neurologist. A specialist can offer specific lifestyle and dietary modifications to support PPS management. […] The earlier a doctor diagnoses PPS, the sooner you can take steps to manage it.
#40
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/post-polio-syndrome/treatment/
Mobility aids that may be of benefit to people with post-polio syndrome include: braces that can support weakened muscles and joints, improve posture and prevent falls, walking sticks, mobility scooters, wheelchairs. […] If you have breathing difficulties as a result of post-polio syndrome, a number of treatments and lifestyle measures may be useful. […] If you smoke, stopping smoking can also help. […] Being overweight can put further strain on weakened muscles and can have a negative effect on your energy levels and general health. Losing weight (if you need to) may improve your symptoms. […] Following a sensible healthy eating plan will help you reduce and control your weight, as well as improve your overall health. […] It’s important not to neglect your mental wellbeing if you have post-polio syndrome. As well as the impact on your quality of life, feelings of depression and anxiety can also interfere with your treatment.
#41 Post-Polio Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24584-post-polio-syndrome
Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that can affect people several years after an initial polio infection. It causes gradual muscle weakness and atrophy. Theres no cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms. […] Post-polio syndrome affects people whove had polio. PPS develops 10 years or more after the original illness and can occur as late as 40 years afterward. […] Approximately 30% to 40% of people whove had polio will develop PPS. A person who was more severely affected by polio may develop a more severe case of PPS. […] Theres currently no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome (PPS). Instead, healthcare providers focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. […] Specific strategies that can help manage PPS symptoms include: Non-fatiguing exercises: Exercises that dont cause pain or fatigue may improve muscle strength and reduce overall fatigue. Cardiorespiratory endurance training: Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level at which your heart, lungs and muscles work together when exercising for a prolonged time. You should talk to your provider before trying this type of training. Mobility aids: Devices such as canes, walkers and scooters can help with mobility and help avoid rapid muscle tiring and exhaustion. Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can help you make adjustments in your home so you can perform daily tasks more easily. Speech therapy: If PPS has made swallowing difficult, a speech therapist can help. Lifestyle changes: Your provider will likely recommend eating a healthy diet, managing your weight, getting quality sleep and not smoking to help manage your symptoms and stay healthy. […] Counseling (psychotherapy) may help you and your family adjust to life with PPS. Support groups that encourage self-help and sharing experiences can be beneficial as well. […] At this time, theres no cure for post-polio syndrome.
#42 Post-polio Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/post-polio-syndrome
Supportive measures include: Not smoking. […] Optimal weight and nutrition. […] Prompt treatment of chest infections. […] Techniques such as assisted cough or glossopharyngeal breathing (’frog breathing’). […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome are slowly progressive, with periods of stability lasting 3-10 years.
#43
https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/42989
Objective: the objective of this study is to facilitate care related to patients with Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) to be assisted according to qualifications and functions of nursing care. […] Results: 17 records were found, which were adapted and covered the theme of this study, on nursing care for patients with PPS. […] Conclusion: There is a national literature shortage on the subject, however, care was adapted according to the assumptions and competencies of nursing that can be used individually or multidisciplinary.
#44 Polio (Poliomyelitis) Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/polio/
Nursing management for a client with polio include the following: […] Nursing assessment in a client with polio include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing interventions for polio: […] The nursing care planning goals for a patient with polio include: […] The following are the nursing interventions for a patient with polio: […] The goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a client with polio include:
#45 Polio (Poliomyelitis) Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/polio/
Nursing management for a client with polio include the following: […] Nursing assessment in a client with polio include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing interventions for polio: […] The nursing care planning goals for a patient with polio include: […] The following are the nursing interventions for a patient with polio: […] The goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a client with polio include:
#46 Palliative Care for Polio and Postpolio Syndrome – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34175015/
Palliative care is a team-based approach focusing on relief of physical, psychosocial, and existential distress and communication about serious illness. […] Patients with poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome are at risk for contractures and can benefit from involvement of physical and occupational therapy. […] Hypersialorrhea can be treated with anticholinergic medications, botox, or radiation. […] Patients with dyspnea may require noninvasive positive pressure ventilation opioids or benzodiazepines. […] Constipation is often due to autonomic dysfunction and decreased mobility. […] There is a higher burden of anxiety. […] Early conversations about patients’ goals and values as it relates to their health may help frame future decision-making.
#47 Post-Polio Syndrome | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation
https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/post-polio-syndrome-poliomyelitis/
Energy conservation is the focus of rehabilitation strategies for individuals with post-polio syndrome. This may involve some changes in lifestyle. […] Avoid falls by wearing properly fitted shoes, pick up clutter especially on the floor, use handrails when going up or down stairs, remove throw rugs, avoid slippery or icy walkways, use mobility aids as necessary for safety. […] Exercise is critical to health, but over-exerting muscles leads to increased muscle fatigue. Less strenuous exercises can be provided to keep your muscles functional without overexertion. […] Pain control using analgesics or nerve pain medication may be helpful. For some, anti-inflammatory medications have been helpful. […] Those who will be involved with your care are: Your Primary Healthcare Provider will take care of your daily needs.
#48 Post-Polio Syndrome | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation
https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/post-polio-syndrome-poliomyelitis/
A Neuromuscular Physician Specialist is a specially educated neurological physician who will take the lead about issues of PPS. […] Rehabilitation Specialty Registered Nurses can assist with understanding your symptoms, treatments, medication, and management of personal care such as bowel and bladder programs, if needed. […] Post-polio syndrome develops in individuals who have survived polio that impacted motor nerves. There is no vaccine or other medication that can prevent post-polio syndrome nor is there a way to predict who will develop it. […] If you survived polio that affected your motor nerves (those for movement and breathing), you can implement energy conservation techniques and conservative exercise perhaps to slow the onset of PPS.
#49 Is Post-Polio Syndrome Progressive? — Polio Network
https://polionetwork.org/archive/jk5qac50vkcuxalk22thno52thkp7h
A number of research studies have demonstrated that non-fatiguing exercises (those that do not cause pain or fatigue lasting more than 10 minutes) may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. […] Mobility aids, ventilation equipment, and revising activities of daily living activities can help to avoid rapid muscle tiring and total body exhaustion. […] Physicians recommend that polio survivors get a good night’s sleep, maintain a well-balanced diet, avoid unhealthy habits such as smoking and overeating, and follow a prescribed exercise program. […] Lifestyle changes, such as weight control, the use of assistive devices, and taking certain anti-inflammatory medications, may help with some of the symptoms of PPS.
#50
https://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2006/12000/managing_postpolio_syndrome_pain.13.aspx
POLIO IS A DISTANT MEMORY for most health care providers, but post-polio syndrome (PPS) is becoming increasingly common in patients who survived the last polio epidemics in the 1950s and 1960s. […] About 640,000 Americans have PPS, which occurs in 22% to 68% of patients who’ve had polio. […] A patient with PPS may describe the muscle pain as a deep ache. […] Physical therapy for PPS focuses on energy conservation, pacing activities, and strengthening exercises directed at the deconditioned muscle groups. […] Pain medications are indicated when rest and rehabilitation don’t provide adequate relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen are most frequently prescribed with excellent results. […] Although PPS can’t be cured, patients can have periods of stability that last 3 to 10 years. Physical therapy and analgesics can offer some respite during the slow downward course of PPS.
#51 Post-polio Syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor
https://patient.info/doctor/post-polio-syndrome
Supportive measures include: Not smoking. […] Optimal weight and nutrition. […] Prompt treatment of chest infections. […] Techniques such as assisted cough or glossopharyngeal breathing (’frog breathing’). […] The symptoms of post-polio syndrome are slowly progressive, with periods of stability lasting 3-10 years.
#52 Post-polio syndrome | MedLink Neurology
https://www.medlink.com/articles/post-polio-syndrome
In post-polio syndrome, symptoms typically occur several decades after recovery, after a long latent period. […] Support from a polio clinic may result in self-selected lifestyle changes, which may positively influence the development of symptoms and functional capacity. Patient education, health promotion, screening, sleep management, and energy conservation strategies that include walking with a properly fitting assistive device reduce perceived fatigue and improve posture and function in an individual with post-polio syndrome. […] The post-polio population is aging and decreasing in size. Still, thousands of post-polio patients require skilled nursing care with their advancing age and declining function. […] Supportive care, self-selected lifestyle changes, and energy conservation strategies remain the central axiom of therapy.
#53 The risk of post-polio syndrome among immigrant groups in Sweden | Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33240-w
However, physical activity, physiotherapy, and muscle training are the basis of the management of PPS patients, but assistance from other clinical specialists could also be used. […] Surgery, orthosis, and assistive devices could be useful based on the specific individual needs. […] It is of importance to be aware of PPS in the whole healthcare system in Western countries, and that it is more common in immigrants from regions of the world where polio is still prevalent. […] PPS patients need treatment and follow-up for their lifetime. […] PPS will only disappear decades after the worldwide eradication of polio.
#54 Post-Polio Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, and Outlook
https://www.healthline.com/health/post-polio-syndrome
For example, you may consider using mobility aids, such as orthotic devices. Mechanical reaching tools can help make your daily routine easier and less tiring. […] While theres no medication specifically approved for PPS, a doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription anti-inflammatory drugs. These can help relieve pain and discomfort in your muscles, joints, and spine. […] Additionally, a doctor may recommend individual or family counseling to help you cope with some of the changes youre experiencing with PPS. You may also consider a support group to connect with others who are going through similar experiences. […] If a primary care doctor diagnoses PPS, they may refer you to a neuromuscular specialist, such as a neurologist. A specialist can offer specific lifestyle and dietary modifications to support PPS management. […] The earlier a doctor diagnoses PPS, the sooner you can take steps to manage it.
#55 Is Post-Polio Syndrome Progressive? — Polio Network
https://polionetwork.org/archive/jk5qac50vkcuxalk22thno52thkp7h
Many polio survivors hear from health care professionals (and others) that Post-Polio Syndrome is not progressive, that it reaches a point and does not progress any further. […] The correct answer/response is that PPS is generally a slowly progressive disease process. […] In most cases it does slowly progress. […] Symptoms include: Slowly progressive muscle weakness, Fatigue, A gradual decrease in the size of muscles (muscle atrophy), Loss of muscle function, Pain from joint degeneration and increasing skeletal deformities such as curvature of the spine (scoliosis). […] PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can significantly interfere with an individual’s ability to function independently. […] Individuals with PPS should seek medical advice from a physician experienced in treating neuromuscular disorders.
#56 An Historical View of Nursing and Polio | OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
https://ojin.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol-26-2021/no1-jan-2021/articles-previous-topics/an-historical-view-of-nursing-and-polio.html
Polio was eradicated in the United States in 1979. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently 10 to 20 million polio survivors, including 750,000 in the United States. People who survived polio may experience post-polio syndrome (PPS) and require additional nursing care. Today’s nurse needs to be aware of PPS, a non-infectious condition, which may occur 10 to 40 years after recovering from the disease. PPS may present as increased weakness, fatigue, dyspnea, dysphagia, and impaired sleep, and should not be confused with changes people may experience due to the aging process. The goal in treating PPS is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. […] Nurses worked long and tirelessly to provide direct care; educate the public; assist with vaccine trials; and coordinate vaccine administration. The nursing profession also benefitted as a whole from these efforts as the private sector recognized the need for increased funding and nursing education to combat this disease. Nurses continue to practice on the front line today as they provide care to survivors with PPS, educate the public, and administer vaccines.