Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #2 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a combination of symptoms that arrive before your period. Your symptoms may be physical (like bloating or sore breasts), emotional (like irritability or sadness) or a combination of both. Either way, PMS symptoms can disrupt your life. Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications can often relieve PMS symptoms. […] Common symptoms of PMS are headaches, breast tenderness, irritability and mood swings. Premenstrual syndrome (or PMS) begins one to two weeks before you get your period. It can cause symptoms like headaches, breast soreness and mood swings. […] Almost 50% of people who menstruate say they have at least one PMS symptom. About 20% of those people have symptoms that are severe enough to disrupt their life. […] PMS symptoms can be physical, emotional or a mix of both. They can also be mild, severe or somewhere in between. Not everyone experiences PMS. If you do, your symptoms may change throughout your life.

• #3 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #4 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the name for a group of symptoms that you may experience up to 14 days before your period (menstruation). The symptoms usually stop soon after your period starts. […] Most women feel some mild discomfort before their periods. But if you have PMS, you may feel so anxious, depressed, or uncomfortable that you can’t cope at home or at work. Your PMS symptoms may be worse some months and better others. […] It is common for you to have some of these symptoms: Acne, Back pain, Bloated abdomen, Changes in appetite, including cravings for certain foods, Constipation, Crying spells, Diarrhea, Depression, Fast heartbeat, Feeling irritable, tense, or anxious, Feeling tired, Headache, Hot flashes, Joint pain, Mood swings, Not feeling as interested in sex, Tender and swollen breasts, Trouble concentrating, Trouble sleeping, Swollen hands or feet, Wanting to be alone, Weight gain.

• #5 Premenstrual Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560698/

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses clinically significant somatic and psychological manifestations during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to substantial distress and impairment in functional capacity. These symptoms disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The pooled prevalence of reproductive age women affected with PMS worldwide amounts to 47.8%. Among these, about 20% of women experience symptoms severe enough to disrupt their daily activities, and the remaining have mild to moderate symptoms. Symptoms of PMS include changes in appetite, weight gain, abdominal pain, back pain, low back pain, headache, swelling and tenderness of the breasts, nausea, constipation, anxiety, irritability, anger, fatigue, restlessness, mood swings and crying. […] Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome can range from mild to moderate to severe. These symptoms may include changes in appetite, weight gain, abdominal pain, back pain, low back pain, headache, swelling and tenderness in the breasts, nausea, constipation, anxiety, irritability, anger, fatigue, restlessness, mood swings and crying. The duration of affective symptoms can vary from a few days to 2 weeks. Symptoms often worsen a week before and spike two days before menstruation begins.

• #6 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #7 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #8 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #9 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #10 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  The most common physical signs of PMS are: Bloating or a gassy feeling, Pelvic pain, Fatigue, Acne flare-ups, Breast soreness, Headaches, Diarrhea or constipation. […] The most common emotional signs of PMS are: Irritability or lashing out toward others, Mood swings, Changes in your sex drive, Feeling anxious, sad or having crying spells, Brain fog or trouble concentrating, Food cravings or increased/decreased appetite, Having trouble sleeping (insomnia). […] Symptoms usually show up around ovulation, when levels of estrogen and progesterone increase. Once your period begins, these hormone levels drop for a few days, and then, will start to rise again. These hormonal changes may be to blame for PMS. Some people are more sensitive to hormonal fluctuations, which may explain why PMS affects everyone differently.

• #11 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  With PMS, you’ll likely also notice some physical symptoms, such as: abdominal bloating; cramping; sore and swollen breasts; acne; constipation; diarrhea; headaches; back and muscle pain; unusual sensitivity to light or sound; unusual clumsiness. […] PMS symptoms can begin any time after ovulation (though they typically begin in the week before your period) and last until 5 or so days after menstruation begins. […] Many experts believe PMS happens in response to changing levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. […] These hormones naturally fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. During the luteal phase, which follows ovulation, hormones reach a peak and then decline rapidly, which may lead to anxiety, irritability, and other changes in mood. […] Living with a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety, could raise your chances of experiencing PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more severe form of PMS.

• #12 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #13 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #14 PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/

  PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the name for the symptoms women can experience in the weeks before their period. It can affect anyone who has periods. You can get help if it affects your daily life. […] Each woman’s symptoms are different and can vary from month to month, but most women have PMS (premenstrual syndrome) at some point. […] The most common symptoms of PMS include: mood swings, feeling depressed or irritable, feeling upset, anxious or emotional, tiredness or trouble sleeping, bloating or cramping, breast tenderness, headaches, spotty skin, greasy hair, changes in appetite or food cravings. […] You have symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and: lifestyle changes have not helped, your symptoms are affecting your daily life. […] If you have PMS (premenstrual syndrome), a GP may recommend other treatments as well as making lifestyle changes.

• #15 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the emotional and physical symptoms that some people get before their period. […] Most people will have at least one symptom in the lead-up to their period. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the physical and emotional symptoms some people experience one or 2 weeks before their period. PMS symptoms usually ease when your period starts. […] Many people have one or 2 premenstrual symptoms. Most of the time these can be easily managed. […] Common physical symptoms include: cramping in the pelvic area, breast tenderness or swelling, abdominal bloating, fluid retention, acne. […] You may also experience: aches and pains, headaches, constipation, diarrhoea, or both, poor sleep and tiredness. […] Symptoms can also be emotional, for example: irritability, anxiety, lower ability to cope, mood changes, sadness, trouble with concentration and memory. […] PMS symptoms can be worse in teenage years and in the lead-up to menopause, which may be due to changes in hormone levels.

• #16 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #17 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a womans normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] Emotional symptoms include depression, angry outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, confusion, social withdrawal, poor concentration, insomnia, increased nap taking, and changes in sexual desire. Physical symptoms include thirst and appetite changes (food cravings), breast tenderness, bloating and weight gain, headache, swelling of the hands or feet, aches and pains, fatigue, skin problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. […] To diagnose PMS, an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn) must confirm a pattern of symptoms. A womans symptoms must be present in the 5 days before a period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, end within 4 days after a period starts, and interfere with some normal activities.

• #18 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is the changes in mood, emotions, physical health, and behavior that can occur between ovulation and the start of your period. It typically lasts until a few days after your period begins and can have a negative impact on your life. […] Nearly 48 percent of women who are of reproductive age experience PMS, and for about 20 percent of them, symptoms are severe enough to affect their regular routine. […] PMS-related changes in your mood, emotions, and behavior might include: anxiety, restlessness, or feeling on edge; unusual anger and irritability; changes in appetite, including increased food cravings, especially for sweets; changes in sleep patterns, including fatigue and trouble sleeping; a sad or low mood, which might involve tearfulness or sudden, uncontrollable crying; rapid shifts in mood and emotional outbursts; decreased sex drive; difficulty concentrating or remembering information.

• #19 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) — Physical and Emotional Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/what-is-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a cluster of symptoms that usually show up each menstrual cycle a week or two before your period. About 80% of women report having at least one PMS symptom each month. PMS can impact you in many ways. Your symptoms can be physical, mental, or behavioral. Once your period starts or soon after, PMS symptoms usually go away. […] PMS shows up in many different ways. Everything in this list could be a sign of PMS. But most people get just a few of these symptoms, not all: Breast swelling and tenderness, Cramps and backache, Headache, Gastrointestinal issues including constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and gas, Irritability or mood swings, Depression, Fatigue, Too much or too little sleep (insomnia), Changes in appetite and cravings, Issues with memory or concentration, Loss of interest in sex, Muscle aches and joint pain, Swollen hands and feet, Acne, Weight gain.

• #20 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #21 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  With PMS, you’ll likely also notice some physical symptoms, such as: abdominal bloating; cramping; sore and swollen breasts; acne; constipation; diarrhea; headaches; back and muscle pain; unusual sensitivity to light or sound; unusual clumsiness. […] PMS symptoms can begin any time after ovulation (though they typically begin in the week before your period) and last until 5 or so days after menstruation begins. […] Many experts believe PMS happens in response to changing levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. […] These hormones naturally fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. During the luteal phase, which follows ovulation, hormones reach a peak and then decline rapidly, which may lead to anxiety, irritability, and other changes in mood. […] Living with a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety, could raise your chances of experiencing PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more severe form of PMS.

• #22 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #23 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #24 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #25 PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/

  PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the name for the symptoms women can experience in the weeks before their period. It can affect anyone who has periods. You can get help if it affects your daily life. […] Each woman’s symptoms are different and can vary from month to month, but most women have PMS (premenstrual syndrome) at some point. […] The most common symptoms of PMS include: mood swings, feeling depressed or irritable, feeling upset, anxious or emotional, tiredness or trouble sleeping, bloating or cramping, breast tenderness, headaches, spotty skin, greasy hair, changes in appetite or food cravings. […] You have symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and: lifestyle changes have not helped, your symptoms are affecting your daily life. […] If you have PMS (premenstrual syndrome), a GP may recommend other treatments as well as making lifestyle changes.

• #26 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #27 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #28 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Five or more of the following symptoms must occur: Mood swings marked by periods of tearfulness, Irritability, anger, interpersonal conflicts, Increased sensitivity to rejection, Depressed mood or feelings of hopelessness, Feelings of tension or anxiety, Disinterest in daily activities and relationships, Trouble concentrating, Fatigue or low energy, Food cravings or binge eating, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control, Physical symptoms, such as breast swelling or tenderness, joint or muscle pain, bloating, or weight gain.

• #29 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #30 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a womans normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] Emotional symptoms include depression, angry outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, confusion, social withdrawal, poor concentration, insomnia, increased nap taking, and changes in sexual desire. Physical symptoms include thirst and appetite changes (food cravings), breast tenderness, bloating and weight gain, headache, swelling of the hands or feet, aches and pains, fatigue, skin problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. […] To diagnose PMS, an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn) must confirm a pattern of symptoms. A womans symptoms must be present in the 5 days before a period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, end within 4 days after a period starts, and interfere with some normal activities.

• #31 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Everything you need to know

  https://flo.health/menstrual-cycle/health/pms-and-pmdd/premenstrual-syndrome-symptoms

  PMS is the umbrella term for the physical and emotional symptoms that can show up before your period. […] Symptoms of PMS vary from person to person, but they can include bloating, food cravings, fatigue, and mood swings. […] PMS symptoms usually start one to two weeks before your period and ease within four days of it starting. […] There are a wide variety of symptoms of PMS, ranging from physical symptoms to ones that affect you emotionally. […] Everyone experiences PMS differently, so you might have all, or just some, of the following symptoms (this isn’t an exhaustive list). […] Physical PMS symptoms include headaches, cramps, tender or sore breasts, bloating, fatigue, breakouts or greasy skin, and decreased or increased appetite or food cravings. […] Emotional PMS symptoms include feeling sad or anxious, having a lack of interest in activities, insomnia or needing to nap more often, changes in libido, trouble concentrating, depression, and irritability.

• #32 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #33 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can produce physical and emotional or behavioral symptoms in the days before menstruation. […] Physical symptoms of PMS may include: Breast swelling and tenderness, Abdominal bloating, Fluid retention, Constipation or diarrhea, Headache and migraine, Changes in appetite, Acne, Muscle and joint pain, Lethargy and fatigue. […] Emotional and behavioral symptoms of PMS may include: Depression, Anxiety and tension, Insomnia or oversleeping, Change in sexual interest and desire, Irritability, Hostility and outbursts of anger, Mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, Crying spells, Social withdrawal. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of emotional and physical symptoms that typically occur up to 5 days before a woman starts her monthly menstrual cycle. The symptoms usually stop when menstruation begins, or shortly thereafter.

• #34 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone levels rise in the first part of the luteal phase to help prepare the endometrial lining of the uterus for an embryo. […] The symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of PMS, but they are generally more severe and debilitating. Like PMS, symptoms of PMDD occur during the luteal phase in the week before menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms usually improve within a few days after the period starts. […] PMS is a set of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur during the last week of the luteal phase (1 to 2 weeks before menstruation). The symptoms typically start in the 5 days before menstruation begins and go away within 4 days after bleeding starts. Symptoms do not start again until at least day 13 in the cycle.

• #35 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of symptoms that many women get about a week or two before their period. Most women, over 90%, say they get some premenstrual symptoms, such as bloating, headaches, and moodiness. For some women, these symptoms may be so severe that they miss work or school, but other women are not bothered by milder symptoms. On average, women in their 30s are most likely to have PMS. Your doctor can help you find ways to relieve your symptoms. […] PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get after ovulation and before the start of their menstrual period. […] PMS symptoms go away within a few days after a woman’s period starts as hormone levels begin rising again. […] For others, PMS symptoms may be so severe that it makes it hard to do everyday activities like go to work or school. Severe PMS symptoms may be a sign of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

• #36 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone levels rise in the first part of the luteal phase to help prepare the endometrial lining of the uterus for an embryo. […] The symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of PMS, but they are generally more severe and debilitating. Like PMS, symptoms of PMDD occur during the luteal phase in the week before menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms usually improve within a few days after the period starts. […] PMS is a set of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur during the last week of the luteal phase (1 to 2 weeks before menstruation). The symptoms typically start in the 5 days before menstruation begins and go away within 4 days after bleeding starts. Symptoms do not start again until at least day 13 in the cycle.

• #37 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Researchers do not know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. […] You probably have PMS if you have symptoms that: Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, End within four days after your period starts, Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities. […] About half of women who need relief from PMS also have another health problem, which may get worse in the time before their menstrual period. […] PMS may also worsen some health problems, such as asthma, allergies, and migraines. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers you can buy in most stores may help lessen physical symptoms, such as cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness. […] Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period.

• #38 Premenstrual Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560698/

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses clinically significant somatic and psychological manifestations during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to substantial distress and impairment in functional capacity. These symptoms disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The pooled prevalence of reproductive age women affected with PMS worldwide amounts to 47.8%. Among these, about 20% of women experience symptoms severe enough to disrupt their daily activities, and the remaining have mild to moderate symptoms. Symptoms of PMS include changes in appetite, weight gain, abdominal pain, back pain, low back pain, headache, swelling and tenderness of the breasts, nausea, constipation, anxiety, irritability, anger, fatigue, restlessness, mood swings and crying. […] Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome can range from mild to moderate to severe. These symptoms may include changes in appetite, weight gain, abdominal pain, back pain, low back pain, headache, swelling and tenderness in the breasts, nausea, constipation, anxiety, irritability, anger, fatigue, restlessness, mood swings and crying. The duration of affective symptoms can vary from a few days to 2 weeks. Symptoms often worsen a week before and spike two days before menstruation begins.

• #39 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Symptoms, Treatments & Defintion

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/premenstrual_syndrome_pms/article_em.htm

  Premenstrual syndrome involves a variety of physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms tied to a woman’s menstrual cycle. […] By definition, PMS symptoms and signs occur during the 2 weeks before a woman’s period starts, known as the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. […] The signs and symptoms of PMS typically become more intense in the 2-3 days prior to the period and usually resolve after the first day or two of flow. […] PMS usually occurs in women in their fourth and fifth decades of life (aged 30-49 years). […] Some women may have a more severe condition called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] A woman with PMS will have monthly cycles of symptoms in mood, behavior, and/or physical functioning. […] These symptoms affect the following: Mood: Anxiety, nervousness, mood swings, irritability, depression, forgetfulness, confusion, insomnia, hostility.

• #40 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #41 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of symptoms that many women get about a week or two before their period. Most women, over 90%, say they get some premenstrual symptoms, such as bloating, headaches, and moodiness. For some women, these symptoms may be so severe that they miss work or school, but other women are not bothered by milder symptoms. On average, women in their 30s are most likely to have PMS. Your doctor can help you find ways to relieve your symptoms. […] PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get after ovulation and before the start of their menstrual period. […] PMS symptoms go away within a few days after a woman’s period starts as hormone levels begin rising again. […] For others, PMS symptoms may be so severe that it makes it hard to do everyday activities like go to work or school. Severe PMS symptoms may be a sign of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

• #42 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. Estrogen and progesterone levels rise in the first part of the luteal phase to help prepare the endometrial lining of the uterus for an embryo. […] The symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of PMS, but they are generally more severe and debilitating. Like PMS, symptoms of PMDD occur during the luteal phase in the week before menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms usually improve within a few days after the period starts. […] PMS is a set of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur during the last week of the luteal phase (1 to 2 weeks before menstruation). The symptoms typically start in the 5 days before menstruation begins and go away within 4 days after bleeding starts. Symptoms do not start again until at least day 13 in the cycle.

• #43 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #44 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #45 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a combination of symptoms that arrive before your period. Your symptoms may be physical (like bloating or sore breasts), emotional (like irritability or sadness) or a combination of both. Either way, PMS symptoms can disrupt your life. Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications can often relieve PMS symptoms. […] Common symptoms of PMS are headaches, breast tenderness, irritability and mood swings. Premenstrual syndrome (or PMS) begins one to two weeks before you get your period. It can cause symptoms like headaches, breast soreness and mood swings. […] Almost 50% of people who menstruate say they have at least one PMS symptom. About 20% of those people have symptoms that are severe enough to disrupt their life. […] PMS symptoms can be physical, emotional or a mix of both. They can also be mild, severe or somewhere in between. Not everyone experiences PMS. If you do, your symptoms may change throughout your life.

• #46 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #47 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of symptoms that many women get about a week or two before their period. Most women, over 90%, say they get some premenstrual symptoms, such as bloating, headaches, and moodiness. For some women, these symptoms may be so severe that they miss work or school, but other women are not bothered by milder symptoms. On average, women in their 30s are most likely to have PMS. Your doctor can help you find ways to relieve your symptoms. […] PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get after ovulation and before the start of their menstrual period. […] PMS symptoms go away within a few days after a woman’s period starts as hormone levels begin rising again. […] For others, PMS symptoms may be so severe that it makes it hard to do everyday activities like go to work or school. Severe PMS symptoms may be a sign of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

• #48 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of symptoms that many women get about a week or two before their period. Most women, over 90%, say they get some premenstrual symptoms, such as bloating, headaches, and moodiness. For some women, these symptoms may be so severe that they miss work or school, but other women are not bothered by milder symptoms. On average, women in their 30s are most likely to have PMS. Your doctor can help you find ways to relieve your symptoms. […] PMS is a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that many women get after ovulation and before the start of their menstrual period. […] PMS symptoms go away within a few days after a woman’s period starts as hormone levels begin rising again. […] For others, PMS symptoms may be so severe that it makes it hard to do everyday activities like go to work or school. Severe PMS symptoms may be a sign of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

• #49 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is the changes in mood, emotions, physical health, and behavior that can occur between ovulation and the start of your period. It typically lasts until a few days after your period begins and can have a negative impact on your life. […] Nearly 48 percent of women who are of reproductive age experience PMS, and for about 20 percent of them, symptoms are severe enough to affect their regular routine. […] PMS-related changes in your mood, emotions, and behavior might include: anxiety, restlessness, or feeling on edge; unusual anger and irritability; changes in appetite, including increased food cravings, especially for sweets; changes in sleep patterns, including fatigue and trouble sleeping; a sad or low mood, which might involve tearfulness or sudden, uncontrollable crying; rapid shifts in mood and emotional outbursts; decreased sex drive; difficulty concentrating or remembering information.

• #50 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a combination of symptoms that arrive before your period. Your symptoms may be physical (like bloating or sore breasts), emotional (like irritability or sadness) or a combination of both. Either way, PMS symptoms can disrupt your life. Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications can often relieve PMS symptoms. […] Common symptoms of PMS are headaches, breast tenderness, irritability and mood swings. Premenstrual syndrome (or PMS) begins one to two weeks before you get your period. It can cause symptoms like headaches, breast soreness and mood swings. […] Almost 50% of people who menstruate say they have at least one PMS symptom. About 20% of those people have symptoms that are severe enough to disrupt their life. […] PMS symptoms can be physical, emotional or a mix of both. They can also be mild, severe or somewhere in between. Not everyone experiences PMS. If you do, your symptoms may change throughout your life.

• #51 PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/

  PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the name for the symptoms women can experience in the weeks before their period. It can affect anyone who has periods. You can get help if it affects your daily life. […] Each woman’s symptoms are different and can vary from month to month, but most women have PMS (premenstrual syndrome) at some point. […] The most common symptoms of PMS include: mood swings, feeling depressed or irritable, feeling upset, anxious or emotional, tiredness or trouble sleeping, bloating or cramping, breast tenderness, headaches, spotty skin, greasy hair, changes in appetite or food cravings. […] You have symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and: lifestyle changes have not helped, your symptoms are affecting your daily life. […] If you have PMS (premenstrual syndrome), a GP may recommend other treatments as well as making lifestyle changes.

• #52 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  But a small number of women with premenstrual syndrome have disabling symptoms every month. This form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) signs and symptoms include depression, mood swings, anger, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, irritability and tension.

• #53 PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/

  A small number of women may experience more severe symptoms of PMS known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Symptoms of PMDD are similar to PMS, but are much more intense and can have a much greater negative impact on your everyday life. […] Symptoms can include: headaches and joint and muscle pain, overeating and problems sleeping, feeling very anxious, angry, depressed or suicidal.

• #54 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Once established, the symptoms tend to remain fairly constant until menopause, although they can vary from cycle to cycle. […] The American Psychiatric Association has specific criteria that define premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a condition marked by severe depression, irritability, and tension before menstruation. PMDD has features of both anxiety and depression disorders. […] Symptoms must occur during the last week of the premenstrual (luteal) phase in most menstrual cycles. They should improve within a few days after the period starts. Symptoms should be absent by the end of the first menstrual week. They should markedly interfere with work or social functioning. Also, symptoms should be clearly related to the menstrual cycle and not just be those of another underlying disorder.

• #55 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent luteal-phase disorder characterized by irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, depression, edema, breast pain, and headaches, occurring during the 5 days before and usually ending a few hours after onset of menses. […] About 20 to 50% of women of reproductive age have PMS; about 5% have a severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Type and intensity of PMS symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Symptoms typically start during the 5 days before menses and ending within a few hours of when menses begins. Symptoms may become more severe during stress or perimenopause. In perimenopausal women, symptoms may persist until after menses. […] The most common symptoms are irritability, anxiety, agitation, anger, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, depression, and severe fatigue. Fluid retention causes edema, transient weight gain, and breast fullness and pain. Pelvic heaviness or pressure and backache may occur. Some women, particularly younger ones, have dysmenorrhea when menses begins.

• #56 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  Premenstrual Syndrome, commonly referred to as PMS, is a broad term that typically refers to a general pattern of physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms occurring 1-2 weeks before and remitting with the onset of menses. PMS is common, affecting from 30-80% of women of reproductive age, though clinically significant PMS symptoms have been reported in 3-8% of patients. […] For the majority of women, these symptoms are mild and tolerable. However, for a certain group of women, these symptoms can be disabling and may cause significant disruption in their lives. […] Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of Premenstrual Syndrome characterized by significant premenstrual mood disturbance, often with prominent mood reactivity and irritability. Symptoms of PMDD can emerge 1-2 weeks preceding menses and typically resolve with the onset of menses.

• #57 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Five or more of the following symptoms must occur: Mood swings marked by periods of tearfulness, Irritability, anger, interpersonal conflicts, Increased sensitivity to rejection, Depressed mood or feelings of hopelessness, Feelings of tension or anxiety, Disinterest in daily activities and relationships, Trouble concentrating, Fatigue or low energy, Food cravings or binge eating, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control, Physical symptoms, such as breast swelling or tenderness, joint or muscle pain, bloating, or weight gain.

• #58 Beyond bloating and mood swings: your guide to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and why it’s more than just premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | Queensland Health

  https://www.health.qld.gov.au/newsroom/features/breaking-the-cycle-a-guide-to-understanding-and-managing-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

  Like PMS, the symptoms of PMDD usually appear around a week or two before a period. They will then settle down a few days after the period starts. […] A PMDD diagnosis can only be made if someone has at least five symptoms for two or more menstrual cycles. One or more of the symptoms must be emotional or mood related. […] There are a few ways PMDD can be managed. It does however depend on the severity of the symptoms and how they impact a persons everyday life. […] One option that may help ease symptoms are SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). These antidepressants can improve symptoms by boosting brain chemicals. SSRIs are usually prescribed only for the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when symptoms are present. […] PMDD can sometimes be misdiagnosed as some PMDD symptoms mimic other conditions. It can be confused with bipolar disorder, thyroid conditions, personality disorders or depression.

• #59 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Five or more of the following symptoms must occur: Mood swings marked by periods of tearfulness, Irritability, anger, interpersonal conflicts, Increased sensitivity to rejection, Depressed mood or feelings of hopelessness, Feelings of tension or anxiety, Disinterest in daily activities and relationships, Trouble concentrating, Fatigue or low energy, Food cravings or binge eating, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control, Physical symptoms, such as breast swelling or tenderness, joint or muscle pain, bloating, or weight gain.

• #60 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9132-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

  People with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have PMS symptoms (bloating, headaches and breast tenderness) in the weeks before their period. But PMDD also causes severe anxiety, depression and mood changes. Some people with PMDD become suicidal. Hormonal birth control and antidepressants can relieve symptoms. […] Common symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder can cause symptoms like anger, depression, suicidal thoughts and insomnia. […] PMS causes bloating, headaches and breast tenderness. […] With PMDD, you might have PMS symptoms along with extreme irritability, anxiety or depression. These symptoms improve within a few days after your period starts, but they can be severe enough to interfere with your life. […] Symptoms of PMDD vary by individual. They tend to appear a week or two before menstruation and go away within a few days of your period starting. In addition to PMS symptoms like cramping and bloating, you may have: Anger or irritability. Feeling on edge, overwhelmed or tense. Anxiety and panic attacks. Depression and suicidal thoughts.

• #61 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9132-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

  For some people, symptoms of PMDD last until menopause. […] Untreated PMDD can lead to depression and, in severe cases, suicide. The disorder can cause severe emotional distress and negatively affect relationships and careers. […] With treatment, most people with PMDD get relief from their symptoms and are able to enjoy life more fully. […] PMDD and PMS are similar in that they both happen in the week or two before your period begins when your hormone levels drop. They both cause physical symptoms like cramps, headaches or bloating. However, PMDD also causes serious symptoms that may disrupt your mood. […] Symptoms of PMDD start 10 to 14 days before your period and usually go away within the first two days of your period. This means that a person with PMDD could feel the effects of PMDD for over two weeks each menstrual cycle. […] PMDD is a serious disorder that can negatively affect your life, relationships and career. You may harm themselves or others. If you consistently experience severe depression and anxiety or other PMDD symptoms in the weeks leading up to your period, seek help from your healthcare provider.

• #62 Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0801/p236.html

  Symptoms can occur anytime between menarche and menopause. The burden of disease can be high; women with PMS have higher rates of work absences, higher medical expenses, and lower health-related quality of life. […] Prospective questionnaires are the most accurate way to diagnose premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder because patients have been found to greatly overestimate the cyclical nature of symptoms, when realistically, they are erratic or simply exacerbated during the luteal cycle. […] Premenstrual syndrome can be diagnosed if the patient reports at least one of the following affective and somatic symptoms during the five days before menses in each of the three previous menstrual cycles. […] In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week postmenses.

• #63 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disruptive set of emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period. Symptoms resolve around the time menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms vary, though commonly include one or more physical, emotional, or behavioral symptoms, that resolve with menses. The range of symptoms is wide, and most commonly are breast tenderness, bloating, headache, mood swings, depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability. To be diagnosed as PMS, rather than a normal discomfort of the menstrual cycle, these symptoms must interfere with daily living, during two menstrual cycles of prospective recording. PMS-related symptoms are often present for about six days. An individual’s pattern of symptoms may change over time. PMS does not produce symptoms during pregnancy or following menopause.

• #64 Premenstrual syndrome | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/

  It is difficult to estimate how many women are affected. Up to 80% of women are thought to experience premenstrual symptoms while premenstrual syndrome itself is believed to affect between 5% and 25% of women in the reproductive age group. An estimated 5% to 8% of women suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. […] The frequency and severity of premenstrual syndrome varies from woman to woman and in each individual woman from month to month. […] Premenstrual syndrome should resolve following the menopause as there is a loss of the menstrual cycle and the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms. However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high.

• #65 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #66 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) — Physical and Emotional Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/what-is-pms

  PMS symptoms usually show up 1-2 weeks before menstruation begins (also called the luteal phase). More typically, symptoms begin about 5 days before the start of your period and stop about 4 days after. Symptoms usually come back around 2 weeks later. […] PMS symptoms tend to be consistent for each person, although their severity can vary from month to month. […] A majority of women are estimated to have at least some PMS symptoms during their monthly menstrual cycle. PMS can cause physical, mental, or behavioral changes, as well as symptoms such as sore breasts, bloating, moodiness, and irritability. Most can manage PMS symptoms on their own, but if you find that PMS interferes greatly with your life, contact your doctor.

• #67 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #68 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes a wide range of recurrent symptoms that occur from several days to two weeks before your period. PMS affects up to 75 percent of women in their childbearing years, although only 20 percent to 40 percent have difficulties as a result. […] The symptoms of PMS can appear any time between puberty and menopause, but the most common age for it to start to become a problem is during the late 20s to early 30s. […] Symptoms of PMS may get worse with age and stress, although the underlying causes are not well understood. […] As many as 150 physical and behavioral symptoms have been assigned to PMS, but the number of PMS symptoms that most women experience is much more limited. The most common symptoms include irritability, bloating, mood swings, anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, appetite changes, water retention and breast tenderness, among others.

• #69 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #70 When Does Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Start?

  https://www.health.com/condition/menstruation/pms-changes-20s-30s-40s

  Symptoms of PMS can change throughout your lifetime. Factors like pregnancy, stress, sensitivity to hormonal changes, perimenopause, and menopause can all play a role in how you experience premenstrual syndrome. […] You may notice your PMS symptoms worsen as you go through perimenopause. Perimenopause typically begins in your mid to late 40s and typically lasts for four years before your periods stop completely, what’s known as menopause. Your normal PMS symptoms may become more intense during this time and can be accompanied by hot flashes and vaginal dryness. […] Premenstrual syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms that range from mild to severe, beginning days or weeks before your period. The symptoms of PMS may change over the lifespan due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

• #71 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent luteal-phase disorder characterized by irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, depression, edema, breast pain, and headaches, occurring during the 5 days before and usually ending a few hours after onset of menses. […] About 20 to 50% of women of reproductive age have PMS; about 5% have a severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Type and intensity of PMS symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Symptoms typically start during the 5 days before menses and ending within a few hours of when menses begins. Symptoms may become more severe during stress or perimenopause. In perimenopausal women, symptoms may persist until after menses. […] The most common symptoms are irritability, anxiety, agitation, anger, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, depression, and severe fatigue. Fluid retention causes edema, transient weight gain, and breast fullness and pain. Pelvic heaviness or pressure and backache may occur. Some women, particularly younger ones, have dysmenorrhea when menses begins.

• #72

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical or mood-related symptoms that occur before your menstrual period each month. Symptoms begin about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts and go away in the first few days of your period. It is common to have tender breasts, bloating, and muscle aches a few days before your period. These are normal premenstrual symptoms. But when symptoms interfere with your daily life, they are called PMS. […] Common physical signs of PMS include bloating, swollen and tender breasts, lack of energy, headaches, cramps, and low back pain. It’s also common to feel sad, angry, irritable, or anxious. Symptoms can occur about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts. These symptoms go away in the first few days of your period. […] Premenstrual symptoms occur about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts. These symptoms go away in the first few days of your period. Many symptoms have been linked to PMS. They may vary greatly from cycle to cycle and be worse during times of more stress.

• #73

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. You feel out of control because of PMS symptoms. Home treatments don’t help. Severe PMS symptoms (such as depression, anxiety, irritability, crying, or mood swings) don’t end a couple of days after your menstrual period starts. […] There are ways to reduce your PMS symptoms and their impact on your life. But no single treatment works for everyone. You may have to try several to find the right choices for you. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine. Commonly used medicines include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Most complementary therapies aren’t considered standard treatment for PMS. But you may find that one or more of them helps relieve some of your symptoms. Before you try any of these therapies, talk with your doctor first.

• #74 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.premenstrual-syndrome-pms.hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. […] If you still have moderate to severe symptoms after you try home treatment for two or three cycles, talk to your doctor. You can try other treatment options. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine.

• #75 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #76 A Visual Guide to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/ss/slideshow-premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  PMS can trigger a wide range of aches and pains, including: Back pain, Headaches, Tender breasts, Joint pain. […] For many women, the worst part of PMS is its unpredictable impact on mood. Irritability, anger, crying spells, depression, and anxiety may come and go in the days leading up to your period. Some women even have trouble with memory and concentration during this time. […] Any woman who has a period can get PMS, but some women are more likely to have symptoms: PMS is more likely in the late 20s to mid-40s. Older teens tend to have more severe PMS than younger teens. PMS may be more severe in the 40s. Women who’ve had at least one pregnancy are more prone to PMS. Women with a history of depression or other mood disorder may have more PMS symptoms. […] The exact cause of PMS is not clear, but we do know that levels of estrogen and progesterone drop during the week before your period. Many doctors believe this decline in hormone levels triggers the symptoms of PMS. Changes in brain chemicals or deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals may also play a role. Too many salty foods, alcohol, or caffeine may make symptoms worse as well.

• #77 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #78 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #79 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #80 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #81 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #82 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  With PMS, you’ll likely also notice some physical symptoms, such as: abdominal bloating; cramping; sore and swollen breasts; acne; constipation; diarrhea; headaches; back and muscle pain; unusual sensitivity to light or sound; unusual clumsiness. […] PMS symptoms can begin any time after ovulation (though they typically begin in the week before your period) and last until 5 or so days after menstruation begins. […] Many experts believe PMS happens in response to changing levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. […] These hormones naturally fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. During the luteal phase, which follows ovulation, hormones reach a peak and then decline rapidly, which may lead to anxiety, irritability, and other changes in mood. […] Living with a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety, could raise your chances of experiencing PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more severe form of PMS.

• #83 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #84 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  Recent research indicates that women who are vulnerable to premenstrual mood changes do not have abnormal levels of hormones or some type of hormonal dysregulation, but rather a particular sensitivity to normal cyclical hormonal changes. […] Fluctuations in circulating estrogen and progesterone cause marked effects on central neurotransmission, specifically serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways. […] Accumulating evidence particularly implicates the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of PMS and PMDD. […] Women with PMDD may have a deficiency of GABAergic inhibition in their cerebellum. […] For patients with severe symptoms of PMS or with a diagnosis of PMDD, SSRIs are the first-line treatment. These medications can be dosed on a continuous or intermittent schedule depending on the patient’s preference and on the severity of her symptoms. […] Women who have tried all of the above treatments and still suffer from severe PMDD symptoms may consider surgery.

• #85 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/premenstrual-syndrome

  With PMS, you’ll likely also notice some physical symptoms, such as: abdominal bloating; cramping; sore and swollen breasts; acne; constipation; diarrhea; headaches; back and muscle pain; unusual sensitivity to light or sound; unusual clumsiness. […] PMS symptoms can begin any time after ovulation (though they typically begin in the week before your period) and last until 5 or so days after menstruation begins. […] Many experts believe PMS happens in response to changing levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. […] These hormones naturally fluctuate throughout your menstrual cycle. During the luteal phase, which follows ovulation, hormones reach a peak and then decline rapidly, which may lead to anxiety, irritability, and other changes in mood. […] Living with a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety, could raise your chances of experiencing PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more severe form of PMS.

• #86 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Researchers do not know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. […] You probably have PMS if you have symptoms that: Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, End within four days after your period starts, Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities. […] About half of women who need relief from PMS also have another health problem, which may get worse in the time before their menstrual period. […] PMS may also worsen some health problems, such as asthma, allergies, and migraines. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers you can buy in most stores may help lessen physical symptoms, such as cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness. […] Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period.

• #87 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #88 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #89 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #90 PMS Symptoms — What’s Normal, What’s Not | Live Healthy | MU Health Care

  https://livehealthy.muhealth.org/stories/pms-symptoms-5-ways-know-whats-normal-and-whats-not

  If your menstrual cycle is somewhat regular, your symptoms should be regular, too. Period symptoms are typically caused by changes in hormone levels, particularly progesterone. […] If youre having symptoms such as bloating, irritability or pelvic pain throughout the month, you may have an underlying condition related to your: Gastrointestinal (GI) function, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or reflux; Gynecologic health, such as endometriosis or fibroids; Mental health, such as anxiety or depression; Thyroid, such as hyperthyroidism. […] Research shows that more than 70% of people may experience at least one GI symptom before or during their period abdominal pain and diarrhea are the most common. […] If you have ongoing digestive issues or pelvic pain that get worse with your period, your health care provider can evaluate your symptoms and refer you to a GI specialist if needed. Treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction, such as pelvic floor therapy, can help eliminate your pain and digestive distress.

• #91 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Researchers do not know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. […] You probably have PMS if you have symptoms that: Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, End within four days after your period starts, Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities. […] About half of women who need relief from PMS also have another health problem, which may get worse in the time before their menstrual period. […] PMS may also worsen some health problems, such as asthma, allergies, and migraines. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers you can buy in most stores may help lessen physical symptoms, such as cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness. […] Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period.

• #92 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #93 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Researchers do not know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. […] You probably have PMS if you have symptoms that: Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, End within four days after your period starts, Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities. […] About half of women who need relief from PMS also have another health problem, which may get worse in the time before their menstrual period. […] PMS may also worsen some health problems, such as asthma, allergies, and migraines. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers you can buy in most stores may help lessen physical symptoms, such as cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness. […] Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period.

• #94 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #95 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  Researchers do not know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. […] You probably have PMS if you have symptoms that: Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, End within four days after your period starts, Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities. […] About half of women who need relief from PMS also have another health problem, which may get worse in the time before their menstrual period. […] PMS may also worsen some health problems, such as asthma, allergies, and migraines. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers you can buy in most stores may help lessen physical symptoms, such as cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness. […] Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period.

• #96 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #97 Patient education: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/premenstrual-syndrome-pms-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd-beyond-the-basics

  Disorders that mimic PMS and PMDD — Other conditions have symptoms that are similar to those of PMS and PMDD, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and perimenopause. […] There is no single test that can diagnose premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The symptoms must occur only during the second half (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle, most often during the five to seven days before the menstrual period, and there must be physical as well as behavioral symptoms. […] Conservative treatments for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be recommended first, including regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and vitamin and mineral supplementation. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a highly effective treatment for the symptoms of PMS and PMDD.

• #98 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #99 A Visual Guide to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/ss/slideshow-premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  The symptoms of PMS can be similar to or overlap with other conditions, including: Perimenopause, Depression or anxiety, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Thyroid disease, Irritable bowel disease. The key difference is that PMS symptoms come and go in a distinct pattern, month after month. […] To figure out whether you have PMS, record your symptoms on a tracking form like this one. You may have PMS if: Symptoms occur during the five days before your period. Once your period starts, symptoms end within four days. Symptoms return for at least three menstrual cycles. […] If you have any thoughts of harming yourself, call 911 or get emergency medical care. You should also see your doctor right away if your symptoms are causing problems with your job, personal relationships, or other daily activities. This may be a sign of a more severe form of PMS known as PMDD.

• #100 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #101 A Visual Guide to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/ss/slideshow-premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  The symptoms of PMS can be similar to or overlap with other conditions, including: Perimenopause, Depression or anxiety, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Thyroid disease, Irritable bowel disease. The key difference is that PMS symptoms come and go in a distinct pattern, month after month. […] To figure out whether you have PMS, record your symptoms on a tracking form like this one. You may have PMS if: Symptoms occur during the five days before your period. Once your period starts, symptoms end within four days. Symptoms return for at least three menstrual cycles. […] If you have any thoughts of harming yourself, call 911 or get emergency medical care. You should also see your doctor right away if your symptoms are causing problems with your job, personal relationships, or other daily activities. This may be a sign of a more severe form of PMS known as PMDD.

• #102 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #103 PMS Symptoms — What’s Normal, What’s Not | Live Healthy | MU Health Care

  https://livehealthy.muhealth.org/stories/pms-symptoms-5-ways-know-whats-normal-and-whats-not

  If your menstrual cycle is somewhat regular, your symptoms should be regular, too. Period symptoms are typically caused by changes in hormone levels, particularly progesterone. […] If youre having symptoms such as bloating, irritability or pelvic pain throughout the month, you may have an underlying condition related to your: Gastrointestinal (GI) function, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or reflux; Gynecologic health, such as endometriosis or fibroids; Mental health, such as anxiety or depression; Thyroid, such as hyperthyroidism. […] Research shows that more than 70% of people may experience at least one GI symptom before or during their period abdominal pain and diarrhea are the most common. […] If you have ongoing digestive issues or pelvic pain that get worse with your period, your health care provider can evaluate your symptoms and refer you to a GI specialist if needed. Treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction, such as pelvic floor therapy, can help eliminate your pain and digestive distress.

• #104 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms of other conditions can mimic PMS or overlap with PMS. Some of these conditions include depression, anxiety, perimenopause, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and thyroid disease. […] In addition to depression and anxiety, symptoms of other disorders can get worse right before your period. Examples include seizure disorders, migraines, asthma, and allergies. […] If PMS symptoms are severe and cause problems with work or personal relationships, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe type of PMS that affects a small percentage of women. […] If your symptoms are mild to moderate, they often can be relieved by changes in lifestyle or diet. If your PMS symptoms begin to interfere with your life, you may decide to seek medical treatment.

• #105 A Visual Guide to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/ss/slideshow-premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  The symptoms of PMS can be similar to or overlap with other conditions, including: Perimenopause, Depression or anxiety, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Thyroid disease, Irritable bowel disease. The key difference is that PMS symptoms come and go in a distinct pattern, month after month. […] To figure out whether you have PMS, record your symptoms on a tracking form like this one. You may have PMS if: Symptoms occur during the five days before your period. Once your period starts, symptoms end within four days. Symptoms return for at least three menstrual cycles. […] If you have any thoughts of harming yourself, call 911 or get emergency medical care. You should also see your doctor right away if your symptoms are causing problems with your job, personal relationships, or other daily activities. This may be a sign of a more severe form of PMS known as PMDD.

• #106 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a womans normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] Emotional symptoms include depression, angry outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, confusion, social withdrawal, poor concentration, insomnia, increased nap taking, and changes in sexual desire. Physical symptoms include thirst and appetite changes (food cravings), breast tenderness, bloating and weight gain, headache, swelling of the hands or feet, aches and pains, fatigue, skin problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. […] To diagnose PMS, an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn) must confirm a pattern of symptoms. A womans symptoms must be present in the 5 days before a period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, end within 4 days after a period starts, and interfere with some normal activities.

• #107 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #108 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a womans normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] Emotional symptoms include depression, angry outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, confusion, social withdrawal, poor concentration, insomnia, increased nap taking, and changes in sexual desire. Physical symptoms include thirst and appetite changes (food cravings), breast tenderness, bloating and weight gain, headache, swelling of the hands or feet, aches and pains, fatigue, skin problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. […] To diagnose PMS, an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn) must confirm a pattern of symptoms. A womans symptoms must be present in the 5 days before a period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, end within 4 days after a period starts, and interfere with some normal activities.

• #109 Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0801/p236.html

  Symptoms can occur anytime between menarche and menopause. The burden of disease can be high; women with PMS have higher rates of work absences, higher medical expenses, and lower health-related quality of life. […] Prospective questionnaires are the most accurate way to diagnose premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder because patients have been found to greatly overestimate the cyclical nature of symptoms, when realistically, they are erratic or simply exacerbated during the luteal cycle. […] Premenstrual syndrome can be diagnosed if the patient reports at least one of the following affective and somatic symptoms during the five days before menses in each of the three previous menstrual cycles. […] In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week postmenses.

• #110 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/premenstrual-syndrome

  Many women feel physical or mood changes during the days before menstruation. When these symptoms happen month after month, and they affect a womans normal life, they are known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] Emotional symptoms include depression, angry outbursts, irritability, crying spells, anxiety, confusion, social withdrawal, poor concentration, insomnia, increased nap taking, and changes in sexual desire. Physical symptoms include thirst and appetite changes (food cravings), breast tenderness, bloating and weight gain, headache, swelling of the hands or feet, aches and pains, fatigue, skin problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal pain. […] To diagnose PMS, an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn) must confirm a pattern of symptoms. A womans symptoms must be present in the 5 days before a period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row, end within 4 days after a period starts, and interfere with some normal activities.

• #111 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #112 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  Diagnosis requires a consistent pattern of emotional and physical symptoms occurring after ovulation and before menstruation to a degree that interferes with normal life. Emotional symptoms must not be present during the initial part of the menstrual cycle. A daily list of symptoms over a few months may help in diagnosis. Other disorders that cause similar symptoms need to be excluded before a diagnosis is made. […] The cause of PMS is unknown, but the underlying mechanism is believed to involve changes in hormone levels during the course of the whole menstrual cycle. Reducing salt, alcohol, caffeine, and stress, along with increasing exercise is typically all that is recommended for the management of mild symptoms. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be useful in some. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen may help with physical symptoms. In those with more significant symptoms, birth control pills or the diuretic spironolactone may be useful.

• #113 Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0801/p236.html

  The symptoms are associated with clinically significant distress or interference with work, school, usual social activities, or relationships with others. […] About 80% of women report at least one physical or psychiatric symptom during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle; however, most do not report significant impairment in their daily life. […] The prevalence of PMS is not associated with age, educational achievement, or employment status. […] There is a poor understanding of the etiology of premenstrual disorders. Several studies suggest that cyclical changes in estrogen and progesterone levels trigger the symptoms. […] Establishing the timing of symptoms is essential when evaluating for PMS and PMDD. Symptoms must occur during the luteal phase and resolve shortly after the onset of menstruation.

• #114 Premenstrual Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0415/p1743.html

  The etiology of PMS remains unknown and may be complex and multifactorial. […] Some evidence suggests that the disorder is related to enhanced sensitivity to progesterone in women with underlying serotonin deficiency. […] The management of PMS is often frustrating for both patients and physicians. […] The disturbance markedly interferes with work or school, or with usual social activities and relationships with others. […] The three key elements of the diagnosis are symptoms consistent with PMS, consistent occurrence of symptoms only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and negative impact of symptoms on function and lifestyle. […] Nonpharmacologic interventions for PMS include patient education, supportive therapy, and behavioral changes. […] Although not rigorously evaluated, supportive therapy may be responsible for the high placebo-response rates in clinical trials.

• #115 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): 37 Symptoms, Definition, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/premenstrual_syndrome/article.htm

  The cause of PMS is complicated and not fully understood. More research is needed, but it is believed PMS results from the alterations in or interactions between the levels of sex hormones including progesterone and brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and catecholamine. […] Some examples of medical conditions that can mimic PMS include: Depression, Cyclic water retention (idiopathic edema), Chronic fatigue, Hypothyroidism, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). […] The most helpful diagnostic tool is the menstrual diary, which documents physical and emotional symptoms over months. If the changes occur consistently around ovulation (mid-menstrual cycle) and persist until the menstrual flow begins, then PMS is probably the accurate diagnosis.

• #116 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  Diagnosis requires a consistent pattern of emotional and physical symptoms occurring after ovulation and before menstruation to a degree that interferes with normal life. Emotional symptoms must not be present during the initial part of the menstrual cycle. A daily list of symptoms over a few months may help in diagnosis. Other disorders that cause similar symptoms need to be excluded before a diagnosis is made. […] The cause of PMS is unknown, but the underlying mechanism is believed to involve changes in hormone levels during the course of the whole menstrual cycle. Reducing salt, alcohol, caffeine, and stress, along with increasing exercise is typically all that is recommended for the management of mild symptoms. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be useful in some. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen may help with physical symptoms. In those with more significant symptoms, birth control pills or the diuretic spironolactone may be useful.

• #117 Patient education: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/premenstrual-syndrome-pms-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd-beyond-the-basics

  Disorders that mimic PMS and PMDD — Other conditions have symptoms that are similar to those of PMS and PMDD, including depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and perimenopause. […] There is no single test that can diagnose premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The symptoms must occur only during the second half (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle, most often during the five to seven days before the menstrual period, and there must be physical as well as behavioral symptoms. […] Conservative treatments for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be recommended first, including regular exercise, relaxation techniques, and vitamin and mineral supplementation. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a highly effective treatment for the symptoms of PMS and PMDD.

• #118 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Once established, the symptoms tend to remain fairly constant until menopause, although they can vary from cycle to cycle. […] The American Psychiatric Association has specific criteria that define premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a condition marked by severe depression, irritability, and tension before menstruation. PMDD has features of both anxiety and depression disorders. […] Symptoms must occur during the last week of the premenstrual (luteal) phase in most menstrual cycles. They should improve within a few days after the period starts. Symptoms should be absent by the end of the first menstrual week. They should markedly interfere with work or social functioning. Also, symptoms should be clearly related to the menstrual cycle and not just be those of another underlying disorder.

• #119 Premenstrual syndrome | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/

  It is difficult to estimate how many women are affected. Up to 80% of women are thought to experience premenstrual symptoms while premenstrual syndrome itself is believed to affect between 5% and 25% of women in the reproductive age group. An estimated 5% to 8% of women suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. […] The frequency and severity of premenstrual syndrome varies from woman to woman and in each individual woman from month to month. […] Premenstrual syndrome should resolve following the menopause as there is a loss of the menstrual cycle and the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms. However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high.

• #120 Premenstrual Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0415/p1743.html

  Premenstrual syndrome, a common cyclic disorder of young and middle-aged women, is characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. […] The disorders can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms, including depression, mood lability, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, headache, and fatigue. […] Up to 85 percent of menstruating women report having one or more premenstrual symptoms, and 2 to 10 percent report disabling, incapacitating symptoms. […] More than 200 symptoms have been associated with PMS, but irritability, tension, and dysphoria are the most prominent and consistently described. […] Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 25 and 35 years. Women who have severe affective symptoms may also meet criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In both PMS and PMDD, symptoms diminish rapidly with the onset of menses.

• #121

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. You feel out of control because of PMS symptoms. Home treatments don’t help. Severe PMS symptoms (such as depression, anxiety, irritability, crying, or mood swings) don’t end a couple of days after your menstrual period starts. […] There are ways to reduce your PMS symptoms and their impact on your life. But no single treatment works for everyone. You may have to try several to find the right choices for you. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine. Commonly used medicines include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Most complementary therapies aren’t considered standard treatment for PMS. But you may find that one or more of them helps relieve some of your symptoms. Before you try any of these therapies, talk with your doctor first.

• #122 Premenstrual Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0415/p1743.html

  Premenstrual syndrome, a common cyclic disorder of young and middle-aged women, is characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. […] The disorders can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms, including depression, mood lability, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, headache, and fatigue. […] Up to 85 percent of menstruating women report having one or more premenstrual symptoms, and 2 to 10 percent report disabling, incapacitating symptoms. […] More than 200 symptoms have been associated with PMS, but irritability, tension, and dysphoria are the most prominent and consistently described. […] Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 25 and 35 years. Women who have severe affective symptoms may also meet criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In both PMS and PMDD, symptoms diminish rapidly with the onset of menses.

• #123 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes a wide range of recurrent symptoms that occur from several days to two weeks before your period. PMS affects up to 75 percent of women in their childbearing years, although only 20 percent to 40 percent have difficulties as a result. […] The symptoms of PMS can appear any time between puberty and menopause, but the most common age for it to start to become a problem is during the late 20s to early 30s. […] Symptoms of PMS may get worse with age and stress, although the underlying causes are not well understood. […] As many as 150 physical and behavioral symptoms have been assigned to PMS, but the number of PMS symptoms that most women experience is much more limited. The most common symptoms include irritability, bloating, mood swings, anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, appetite changes, water retention and breast tenderness, among others.

• #124 Premenstrual Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0415/p1743.html

  Premenstrual syndrome, a common cyclic disorder of young and middle-aged women, is characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. […] The disorders can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms, including depression, mood lability, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, headache, and fatigue. […] Up to 85 percent of menstruating women report having one or more premenstrual symptoms, and 2 to 10 percent report disabling, incapacitating symptoms. […] More than 200 symptoms have been associated with PMS, but irritability, tension, and dysphoria are the most prominent and consistently described. […] Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 25 and 35 years. Women who have severe affective symptoms may also meet criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In both PMS and PMDD, symptoms diminish rapidly with the onset of menses.

• #125 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  Most people experience PMS symptoms about one to two weeks before their period. But the timing isn’t always exact. You can have PMS two weeks before your period or two days before your period. […] Healthcare providers most often diagnose PMS in people who are in their late 20s and early 30s. […] There are many treatment options for PMS. Some people may need to try several different treatments until they find one that relieves their symptoms. […] You can usually manage mild symptoms with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. More severe symptoms may require a prescription from a provider. […] PMS doesn’t go away for good until you experience menopause and no longer have periods. Until then, there’s plenty you can do to help manage your symptoms so they don’t disrupt your life. […] You can’t prevent premenstrual syndrome, but you can manage symptoms with lifestyle changes, medications or a combination of both.

• #126 A Visual Guide to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  https://www.webmd.com/women/pms/ss/slideshow-premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  PMS can trigger a wide range of aches and pains, including: Back pain, Headaches, Tender breasts, Joint pain. […] For many women, the worst part of PMS is its unpredictable impact on mood. Irritability, anger, crying spells, depression, and anxiety may come and go in the days leading up to your period. Some women even have trouble with memory and concentration during this time. […] Any woman who has a period can get PMS, but some women are more likely to have symptoms: PMS is more likely in the late 20s to mid-40s. Older teens tend to have more severe PMS than younger teens. PMS may be more severe in the 40s. Women who’ve had at least one pregnancy are more prone to PMS. Women with a history of depression or other mood disorder may have more PMS symptoms. […] The exact cause of PMS is not clear, but we do know that levels of estrogen and progesterone drop during the week before your period. Many doctors believe this decline in hormone levels triggers the symptoms of PMS. Changes in brain chemicals or deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals may also play a role. Too many salty foods, alcohol, or caffeine may make symptoms worse as well.

• #127 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the emotional and physical symptoms that some people get before their period. […] Most people will have at least one symptom in the lead-up to their period. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the physical and emotional symptoms some people experience one or 2 weeks before their period. PMS symptoms usually ease when your period starts. […] Many people have one or 2 premenstrual symptoms. Most of the time these can be easily managed. […] Common physical symptoms include: cramping in the pelvic area, breast tenderness or swelling, abdominal bloating, fluid retention, acne. […] You may also experience: aches and pains, headaches, constipation, diarrhoea, or both, poor sleep and tiredness. […] Symptoms can also be emotional, for example: irritability, anxiety, lower ability to cope, mood changes, sadness, trouble with concentration and memory. […] PMS symptoms can be worse in teenage years and in the lead-up to menopause, which may be due to changes in hormone levels.

• #128 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Once established, the symptoms tend to remain fairly constant until menopause, although they can vary from cycle to cycle. […] The American Psychiatric Association has specific criteria that define premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a condition marked by severe depression, irritability, and tension before menstruation. PMDD has features of both anxiety and depression disorders. […] Symptoms must occur during the last week of the premenstrual (luteal) phase in most menstrual cycles. They should improve within a few days after the period starts. Symptoms should be absent by the end of the first menstrual week. They should markedly interfere with work or social functioning. Also, symptoms should be clearly related to the menstrual cycle and not just be those of another underlying disorder.

• #129 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disruptive set of emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period. Symptoms resolve around the time menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms vary, though commonly include one or more physical, emotional, or behavioral symptoms, that resolve with menses. The range of symptoms is wide, and most commonly are breast tenderness, bloating, headache, mood swings, depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability. To be diagnosed as PMS, rather than a normal discomfort of the menstrual cycle, these symptoms must interfere with daily living, during two menstrual cycles of prospective recording. PMS-related symptoms are often present for about six days. An individual’s pattern of symptoms may change over time. PMS does not produce symptoms during pregnancy or following menopause.

• #130 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS occurs more often in those who are in their late 20s and early 40s, have at least one child, have a family history of depression, and have a past medical history of either postpartum depression or a mood disorder. […] The chief complaint is one or more of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Irritability, tension, or unhappiness are typical emotional symptoms. Symptoms appear predictably during the luteal (premenstrual) phase, reduce or disappear predictably shortly before or during menstruation, and remain absent during the follicular (pre-ovulatory) phase. The symptoms must be severe enough to cause distress or interfere with everyday life. […] The National Institute of Mental Health research definition compares the intensity of symptoms from cycle days 5 to 10 to the six-day interval before the onset of the menstrual period. To qualify as PMS, symptom intensity must increase at least 30% in the six days before menstruation. Additionally, this pattern must be documented for at least two consecutive cycles.

• #131 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Overall, common treatment options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contraceptive hormones, GnRH agonists, antidepressant medications, anti-anxiety medications, calcium supplements, exercise, and chasteberry. […] Symptoms of PMS may get worse with age. […] If you experience PMS, you may experience an increased sensitivity to alcohol premenstrually. […] Strategies for PMS symptom relief include medication, dietary changes, exercise and stress management. […] Dietary changes to relieve PMS symptoms include increasing daily amounts of dietary or supplemental calcium, drinking more water and adding more complex carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables and grains) to your meals. […] Even women who have had hysterectomies can have symptoms of PMS if at least one functional ovary is left intact following the hysterectomy.

• #132 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #133 When Does Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Start?

  https://www.health.com/condition/menstruation/pms-changes-20s-30s-40s

  Symptoms of PMS can change throughout your lifetime. Factors like pregnancy, stress, sensitivity to hormonal changes, perimenopause, and menopause can all play a role in how you experience premenstrual syndrome. […] You may notice your PMS symptoms worsen as you go through perimenopause. Perimenopause typically begins in your mid to late 40s and typically lasts for four years before your periods stop completely, what’s known as menopause. Your normal PMS symptoms may become more intense during this time and can be accompanied by hot flashes and vaginal dryness. […] Premenstrual syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms that range from mild to severe, beginning days or weeks before your period. The symptoms of PMS may change over the lifespan due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

• #134 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  PMS is generally a stable diagnosis, with susceptible individuals experiencing the same symptoms at the same intensity near the end of each cycle for years. Treatment for specific symptoms is usually effective. Unsuccessful medical management of severe symptoms frequently indicates misdiagnosis. […] Globally, about 20% of women of reproductive age have PMS that disrupts their everyday lives. Additionally, about 30% of women have mild or moderate symptoms related to their menstrual cycles that do not disrupt their everyday lives.

• #135 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS, PMT) | Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms that start sometime after ovulation (when you release an egg from an ovary each month), which occurs about two weeks before the start of a period. Typically, symptoms occur during the five days before a period. However, some women have symptoms for two weeks or so leading up to a period. Typically, symptoms gradually become worse as the period approaches. […] Within each menstrual cycle, PMS symptoms can vary a great deal in terms of the nature of the symptoms, their severity and how long they last. However, PMS symptoms typically begin in the week before your period, and last until five or so days after the start of your period. […] Women with PMS tend to be affected throughout their reproductive lives, although symptoms usually settle during pregnancy. How troublesome or otherwise PMS is seems to fluctuate. So there may be times in your life when you are not affected by it, and other times when it is very severe. It may get worse at certain times – for example, in times of stress.

• #136 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #137 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – HealthyWomen

  https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) describes a wide range of recurrent symptoms that occur from several days to two weeks before your period. PMS affects up to 75 percent of women in their childbearing years, although only 20 percent to 40 percent have difficulties as a result. […] The symptoms of PMS can appear any time between puberty and menopause, but the most common age for it to start to become a problem is during the late 20s to early 30s. […] Symptoms of PMS may get worse with age and stress, although the underlying causes are not well understood. […] As many as 150 physical and behavioral symptoms have been assigned to PMS, but the number of PMS symptoms that most women experience is much more limited. The most common symptoms include irritability, bloating, mood swings, anxiety, depressed mood, fatigue, appetite changes, water retention and breast tenderness, among others.

• #138 PMS: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/do-i-have-pms-3522569

  Many teenagers experience PMS, and each person’s symptoms may change as they get older. For example, a person who may be prone to PMS-associated angry outbursts for years might stop experiencing them but could begin having abdominal cramps and weight gain in the days before their period. […] Serious effects of PMS may include: Problems with marriage or relationships, Difficulty parenting, Decreased work or school performance, Loss of interest in socializing, Suicidal thoughts. […] If you experience depression with your PMS, you may have a form known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] The effects of PMS are caused by hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are the main hormones that fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. Before a menstrual period, estrogen levels drop, and progesterone levels rise.

• #139 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS, PMT) | Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms that start sometime after ovulation (when you release an egg from an ovary each month), which occurs about two weeks before the start of a period. Typically, symptoms occur during the five days before a period. However, some women have symptoms for two weeks or so leading up to a period. Typically, symptoms gradually become worse as the period approaches. […] Within each menstrual cycle, PMS symptoms can vary a great deal in terms of the nature of the symptoms, their severity and how long they last. However, PMS symptoms typically begin in the week before your period, and last until five or so days after the start of your period. […] Women with PMS tend to be affected throughout their reproductive lives, although symptoms usually settle during pregnancy. How troublesome or otherwise PMS is seems to fluctuate. So there may be times in your life when you are not affected by it, and other times when it is very severe. It may get worse at certain times – for example, in times of stress.

• #140 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS, PMT) | Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems/premenstrual-syndrome

  Symptoms that start sometime after ovulation (when you release an egg from an ovary each month), which occurs about two weeks before the start of a period. Typically, symptoms occur during the five days before a period. However, some women have symptoms for two weeks or so leading up to a period. Typically, symptoms gradually become worse as the period approaches. […] Within each menstrual cycle, PMS symptoms can vary a great deal in terms of the nature of the symptoms, their severity and how long they last. However, PMS symptoms typically begin in the week before your period, and last until five or so days after the start of your period. […] Women with PMS tend to be affected throughout their reproductive lives, although symptoms usually settle during pregnancy. How troublesome or otherwise PMS is seems to fluctuate. So there may be times in your life when you are not affected by it, and other times when it is very severe. It may get worse at certain times – for example, in times of stress.

• #141

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical or mood-related symptoms that occur before your menstrual period each month. Symptoms begin about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts and go away in the first few days of your period. It is common to have tender breasts, bloating, and muscle aches a few days before your period. These are normal premenstrual symptoms. But when symptoms interfere with your daily life, they are called PMS. […] Common physical signs of PMS include bloating, swollen and tender breasts, lack of energy, headaches, cramps, and low back pain. It’s also common to feel sad, angry, irritable, or anxious. Symptoms can occur about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts. These symptoms go away in the first few days of your period. […] Premenstrual symptoms occur about 1 to 2 weeks before your period starts. These symptoms go away in the first few days of your period. Many symptoms have been linked to PMS. They may vary greatly from cycle to cycle and be worse during times of more stress.

• #142 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #143 When Does Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Start?

  https://www.health.com/condition/menstruation/pms-changes-20s-30s-40s

  Symptoms of PMS can change throughout your lifetime. Factors like pregnancy, stress, sensitivity to hormonal changes, perimenopause, and menopause can all play a role in how you experience premenstrual syndrome. […] You may notice your PMS symptoms worsen as you go through perimenopause. Perimenopause typically begins in your mid to late 40s and typically lasts for four years before your periods stop completely, what’s known as menopause. Your normal PMS symptoms may become more intense during this time and can be accompanied by hot flashes and vaginal dryness. […] Premenstrual syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms that range from mild to severe, beginning days or weeks before your period. The symptoms of PMS may change over the lifespan due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

• #144 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #145 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/girls-and-young-women-puberty-to-around-25/periods-and-menstrual-health/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/

  PMS can occur at any point in your reproductive life but can worsen during menopause. […] PMDD is another term that is used to describe severe PMS. It can occur at any time, but is more often experienced when periods start or during menopause. Its a complex condition where you may experience difficulties with your mental health as well as physical symptoms. […] Emotional symptoms can include: mood swings, feeling angry or irritable, feeling tired and disengaged, feeling anxious or tense, feeling overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, suicidal feelings if you have suicidal feelings, its really important to seek help. […] Physical symptoms can include: breast tenderness or swelling, headaches, pain in your muscles and joints, feeling bloated when your tummy sticks out more than normal, changes in your appetite, tiredness and/or difficulty sleeping.

• #146 When Does Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Start?

  https://www.health.com/condition/menstruation/pms-changes-20s-30s-40s

  Symptoms of PMS can change throughout your lifetime. Factors like pregnancy, stress, sensitivity to hormonal changes, perimenopause, and menopause can all play a role in how you experience premenstrual syndrome. […] You may notice your PMS symptoms worsen as you go through perimenopause. Perimenopause typically begins in your mid to late 40s and typically lasts for four years before your periods stop completely, what’s known as menopause. Your normal PMS symptoms may become more intense during this time and can be accompanied by hot flashes and vaginal dryness. […] Premenstrual syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms that range from mild to severe, beginning days or weeks before your period. The symptoms of PMS may change over the lifespan due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

• #147 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #148 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the emotional and physical symptoms that some people get before their period. […] Most people will have at least one symptom in the lead-up to their period. […] Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the physical and emotional symptoms some people experience one or 2 weeks before their period. PMS symptoms usually ease when your period starts. […] Many people have one or 2 premenstrual symptoms. Most of the time these can be easily managed. […] Common physical symptoms include: cramping in the pelvic area, breast tenderness or swelling, abdominal bloating, fluid retention, acne. […] You may also experience: aches and pains, headaches, constipation, diarrhoea, or both, poor sleep and tiredness. […] Symptoms can also be emotional, for example: irritability, anxiety, lower ability to cope, mood changes, sadness, trouble with concentration and memory. […] PMS symptoms can be worse in teenage years and in the lead-up to menopause, which may be due to changes in hormone levels.

• #149 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent luteal-phase disorder characterized by irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, depression, edema, breast pain, and headaches, occurring during the 5 days before and usually ending a few hours after onset of menses. […] About 20 to 50% of women of reproductive age have PMS; about 5% have a severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Type and intensity of PMS symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Symptoms typically start during the 5 days before menses and ending within a few hours of when menses begins. Symptoms may become more severe during stress or perimenopause. In perimenopausal women, symptoms may persist until after menses. […] The most common symptoms are irritability, anxiety, agitation, anger, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, depression, and severe fatigue. Fluid retention causes edema, transient weight gain, and breast fullness and pain. Pelvic heaviness or pressure and backache may occur. Some women, particularly younger ones, have dysmenorrhea when menses begins.

• #150 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent luteal-phase disorder characterized by irritability, anxiety, emotional lability, depression, edema, breast pain, and headaches, occurring during the 5 days before and usually ending a few hours after onset of menses. […] About 20 to 50% of women of reproductive age have PMS; about 5% have a severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Type and intensity of PMS symptoms vary from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle. Symptoms typically start during the 5 days before menses and ending within a few hours of when menses begins. Symptoms may become more severe during stress or perimenopause. In perimenopausal women, symptoms may persist until after menses. […] The most common symptoms are irritability, anxiety, agitation, anger, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, lethargy, depression, and severe fatigue. Fluid retention causes edema, transient weight gain, and breast fullness and pain. Pelvic heaviness or pressure and backache may occur. Some women, particularly younger ones, have dysmenorrhea when menses begins.

• #151 Premenstrual syndrome | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/

  It is difficult to estimate how many women are affected. Up to 80% of women are thought to experience premenstrual symptoms while premenstrual syndrome itself is believed to affect between 5% and 25% of women in the reproductive age group. An estimated 5% to 8% of women suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. […] The frequency and severity of premenstrual syndrome varies from woman to woman and in each individual woman from month to month. […] Premenstrual syndrome should resolve following the menopause as there is a loss of the menstrual cycle and the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms. However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high.

• #152

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. You feel out of control because of PMS symptoms. Home treatments don’t help. Severe PMS symptoms (such as depression, anxiety, irritability, crying, or mood swings) don’t end a couple of days after your menstrual period starts. […] There are ways to reduce your PMS symptoms and their impact on your life. But no single treatment works for everyone. You may have to try several to find the right choices for you. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine. Commonly used medicines include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Most complementary therapies aren’t considered standard treatment for PMS. But you may find that one or more of them helps relieve some of your symptoms. Before you try any of these therapies, talk with your doctor first.

• #153

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. You feel out of control because of PMS symptoms. Home treatments don’t help. Severe PMS symptoms (such as depression, anxiety, irritability, crying, or mood swings) don’t end a couple of days after your menstrual period starts. […] There are ways to reduce your PMS symptoms and their impact on your life. But no single treatment works for everyone. You may have to try several to find the right choices for you. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine. Commonly used medicines include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Most complementary therapies aren’t considered standard treatment for PMS. But you may find that one or more of them helps relieve some of your symptoms. Before you try any of these therapies, talk with your doctor first.

• #154 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.premenstrual-syndrome-pms.hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. […] If you still have moderate to severe symptoms after you try home treatment for two or three cycles, talk to your doctor. You can try other treatment options. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine.

• #155 Premenstrual syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premenstrual_syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disruptive set of emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period. Symptoms resolve around the time menstrual bleeding begins. Symptoms vary, though commonly include one or more physical, emotional, or behavioral symptoms, that resolve with menses. The range of symptoms is wide, and most commonly are breast tenderness, bloating, headache, mood swings, depression, anxiety, anger, and irritability. To be diagnosed as PMS, rather than a normal discomfort of the menstrual cycle, these symptoms must interfere with daily living, during two menstrual cycles of prospective recording. PMS-related symptoms are often present for about six days. An individual’s pattern of symptoms may change over time. PMS does not produce symptoms during pregnancy or following menopause.

• #156 Premenstrual syndrome | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/

  It is difficult to estimate how many women are affected. Up to 80% of women are thought to experience premenstrual symptoms while premenstrual syndrome itself is believed to affect between 5% and 25% of women in the reproductive age group. An estimated 5% to 8% of women suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. […] The frequency and severity of premenstrual syndrome varies from woman to woman and in each individual woman from month to month. […] Premenstrual syndrome should resolve following the menopause as there is a loss of the menstrual cycle and the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms. However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high.

• #157 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376787

  When exercise and limiting salt intake aren’t enough to reduce the weight gain, swelling and bloating of PMS, taking water pills (diuretics) can help your body shed excess fluid through your kidneys. […] These prescription medications stop ovulation, which may bring relief from PMS symptoms. […] You can sometimes manage or reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome by making changes in the way you eat, exercise and approach daily life. […] Regular daily exercise can help improve your overall health and alleviate certain symptoms, such as fatigue and a depressed mood. […] Some women report relief of PMS symptoms with the use of herbs, such as ginkgo, ginger, chasteberry (Vitex agnus), evening primrose oil and St. John’s wort. […] Some basic questions to ask your doctor include: Is there anything I can do to minimize PMS symptoms? […] Do you recommend treatment for PMS symptoms? What treatments are available? […] How severe are your symptoms? […] Do your symptoms interfere with your daily activities?

• #158 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  For some women, hormonal manipulation is effective. Options include oral contraceptives, progesterone by vaginal suppository, and a long-acting progestin. […] In women with severe symptoms, bilateral oophorectomy may alleviate symptoms because it eliminates menstrual cycles; hormone replacement therapy is then indicated until about age 51 (the average for menopause).

• #159 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/menstrual-abnormalities/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

  For some women, hormonal manipulation is effective. Options include oral contraceptives, progesterone by vaginal suppository, and a long-acting progestin. […] In women with severe symptoms, bilateral oophorectomy may alleviate symptoms because it eliminates menstrual cycles; hormone replacement therapy is then indicated until about age 51 (the average for menopause).

• #160 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Symptoms, Treatments & Defintion

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/premenstrual_syndrome_pms/article_em.htm

  If a woman has symptoms of PMS that do not go away within 3-4 days of the start of her period, call a doctor. […] The symptoms of PMS may not completely relieve all symptoms, and they are not always necessary. […] Treatments demonstrated to be effective in PMS include medications that moderate the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin. […] Hormones such as nafarelin (Synarel) and leuprolide (Lupron) prevent the release of eggs and menstruation. […] The only definitive cure for PMS is removal of the ovaries, which may have many other complications and unwanted long- and short-term consequences. […] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a particularly severe form of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). […] PMDD can cause a number of different signs and symptoms, but fatigue, tiredness, mood changes, and bloating are common.

• #161 Premenstrual syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/premenstrual-syndrome

  Once established, the symptoms tend to remain fairly constant until menopause, although they can vary from cycle to cycle. […] The American Psychiatric Association has specific criteria that define premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a condition marked by severe depression, irritability, and tension before menstruation. PMDD has features of both anxiety and depression disorders. […] Symptoms must occur during the last week of the premenstrual (luteal) phase in most menstrual cycles. They should improve within a few days after the period starts. Symptoms should be absent by the end of the first menstrual week. They should markedly interfere with work or social functioning. Also, symptoms should be clearly related to the menstrual cycle and not just be those of another underlying disorder.

• #162 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #163 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #164 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #165 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9132-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

  For some people, symptoms of PMDD last until menopause. […] Untreated PMDD can lead to depression and, in severe cases, suicide. The disorder can cause severe emotional distress and negatively affect relationships and careers. […] With treatment, most people with PMDD get relief from their symptoms and are able to enjoy life more fully. […] PMDD and PMS are similar in that they both happen in the week or two before your period begins when your hormone levels drop. They both cause physical symptoms like cramps, headaches or bloating. However, PMDD also causes serious symptoms that may disrupt your mood. […] Symptoms of PMDD start 10 to 14 days before your period and usually go away within the first two days of your period. This means that a person with PMDD could feel the effects of PMDD for over two weeks each menstrual cycle. […] PMDD is a serious disorder that can negatively affect your life, relationships and career. You may harm themselves or others. If you consistently experience severe depression and anxiety or other PMDD symptoms in the weeks leading up to your period, seek help from your healthcare provider.

• #166 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #167 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9132-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

  For some people, symptoms of PMDD last until menopause. […] Untreated PMDD can lead to depression and, in severe cases, suicide. The disorder can cause severe emotional distress and negatively affect relationships and careers. […] With treatment, most people with PMDD get relief from their symptoms and are able to enjoy life more fully. […] PMDD and PMS are similar in that they both happen in the week or two before your period begins when your hormone levels drop. They both cause physical symptoms like cramps, headaches or bloating. However, PMDD also causes serious symptoms that may disrupt your mood. […] Symptoms of PMDD start 10 to 14 days before your period and usually go away within the first two days of your period. This means that a person with PMDD could feel the effects of PMDD for over two weeks each menstrual cycle. […] PMDD is a serious disorder that can negatively affect your life, relationships and career. You may harm themselves or others. If you consistently experience severe depression and anxiety or other PMDD symptoms in the weeks leading up to your period, seek help from your healthcare provider.

• #168 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Symptoms, Treatments & Defintion

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/premenstrual_syndrome_pms/article_em.htm

  Physical functions: Headache, heart palpitations, fatigue, dizziness, weight gain, bloating, breast swelling and tenderness, constipation, or diarrhea. […] Like PMS, the symptoms of PMDD start 7-14 days before a woman’s period and go away once the period starts. […] During the luteal phase, hormones from the ovary cause the lining of the uterus to grow thick and spongy. […] PMS and PMDD are thought to result from an interaction between the changing sex hormone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly the neurotransmitter serotonin, in susceptible women. […] Bloating is a common symptom of PMS. […] The symptoms of PMDD end with menopause, when menstruation stops and the levels of hormones that regulate menstruation no longer rise and fall each month.

• #169 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS is common enough that many people accept it as an annoyance during that time of the month. Just because PMS is normal, it doesn’t mean you have to let it disrupt your life. Often, you can manage your symptoms with medications and lifestyle changes. If nothing you’re doing is making a big enough difference, see your provider to get treatments that can help.

• #170 PMS Symptoms — What’s Normal, What’s Not | Live Healthy | MU Health Care

  https://livehealthy.muhealth.org/stories/pms-symptoms-5-ways-know-whats-normal-and-whats-not

  Mild physical and emotional symptoms are generally considered normal, Dr. Barrier says. If you know you get agitated or weepy with your period, ask your loved ones to understand and to give you grace for a few days. […] Emotional symptoms that are unmanageable and affect your life and relationships are concerning, says Dr. Barrier. […] PMS can affect someone throughout their reproductive life, Dr. Barrier says. When you add life stressors and age-related hormonal changes, it can worsen. […] Discuss any dramatic change in period symptoms with your doctor especially if you havent experienced any life changes recently. […] No matter what symptoms you experience, you need to seek help from a provider if they interfere with your relationships, your occupation or your mental health, Dr. Barrier says. Period symptoms should never interfere with your healthy relationships or prevent you from participating in important activities.

• #171 Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0801/p236.html

  Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women. The subspecialties of psychiatry and gynecology have developed overlapping but distinct diagnoses that qualify as a premenstrual disorder; these include premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These conditions encompass psychological and physical symptoms that cause significant impairment during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, but resolve shortly after menstruation. […] Premenstrual disorders consist of psychiatric or somatic symptoms that develop within the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, affect the patient’s normal daily functioning, and resolve shortly after menstruation. […] The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) includes psychiatric and physical symptoms in describing premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

• #172 Patient education: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/premenstrual-syndrome-pms-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd-beyond-the-basics/print

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a group of physical and behavioral symptoms that occur in a cyclic pattern during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the severe form of PMS. Common symptoms include anger, irritability, depression, and internal tension that are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. […] Mild PMS is common, affecting up to 75 percent of women with regular menstrual cycles; PMDD affects only 3 to 8 percent of women. This condition can affect women of any socioeconomic, cultural, or ethnic background. […] PMDD is usually a chronic condition and can have a serious impact on a woman’s quality of life. Fortunately, a variety of treatments and self-care measures can effectively control the symptoms in most women. […] Common symptoms — The most common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are fatigue, bloating, irritability, depression, and anxiety. Other symptoms include the following: Sadness, hopelessness, or feelings of worthlessness; Tension, anxiety, or „edginess”; Variable moods with frequent tearfulness; Persistent irritability, anger, and conflict with family, coworkers, or friends; Decreased interest in usual activities; Difficulty concentrating; Fatigue, lethargy, or lack of energy; Changes in appetite, which may include binge eating or craving certain foods; Excessive sleeping or difficulty sleeping; Feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control; Breast tenderness or swelling, headaches, joint or muscle pain, weight gain.

• #173 PMS & PMDD – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/pms-and-pmdd/

  PMDD affects 3-8% of women in their reproductive years, with symptoms usually emerging during a woman’s twenties. These symptoms may worsen over time; for example, it has been observed that some women may experience worsening premenstrual symptoms as they enter into menopause. […] The major risk factors for PMDD include personal history of a mood or anxiety disorder, family history of premenstrual mood dysregulation, stress and age in the late 20’s to mid-30’s. […] It is important for clinicians to distinguish between PMDD and other medical and psychiatric conditions. […] The best way to confirm the diagnosis of PMDD is by prospective daily charting of symptoms. Women with PMDD will experience a symptom-free interval between menses and ovulation (the proliferative phase). […] Although the etiology of PMS and PMDD remains uncertain at present, researchers now concur that these disorders represent biological phenomena rather than purely psychological events.

• #174 When Does Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Start?

  https://www.health.com/condition/menstruation/pms-changes-20s-30s-40s

  Symptoms of PMS can change throughout your lifetime. Factors like pregnancy, stress, sensitivity to hormonal changes, perimenopause, and menopause can all play a role in how you experience premenstrual syndrome. […] You may notice your PMS symptoms worsen as you go through perimenopause. Perimenopause typically begins in your mid to late 40s and typically lasts for four years before your periods stop completely, what’s known as menopause. Your normal PMS symptoms may become more intense during this time and can be accompanied by hot flashes and vaginal dryness. […] Premenstrual syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms that range from mild to severe, beginning days or weeks before your period. The symptoms of PMS may change over the lifespan due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menopause, and stress.

• #175 PMS Symptoms — What’s Normal, What’s Not | Live Healthy | MU Health Care

  https://livehealthy.muhealth.org/stories/pms-symptoms-5-ways-know-whats-normal-and-whats-not

  Mild physical and emotional symptoms are generally considered normal, Dr. Barrier says. If you know you get agitated or weepy with your period, ask your loved ones to understand and to give you grace for a few days. […] Emotional symptoms that are unmanageable and affect your life and relationships are concerning, says Dr. Barrier. […] PMS can affect someone throughout their reproductive life, Dr. Barrier says. When you add life stressors and age-related hormonal changes, it can worsen. […] Discuss any dramatic change in period symptoms with your doctor especially if you havent experienced any life changes recently. […] No matter what symptoms you experience, you need to seek help from a provider if they interfere with your relationships, your occupation or your mental health, Dr. Barrier says. Period symptoms should never interfere with your healthy relationships or prevent you from participating in important activities.

• #176 PMS: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/do-i-have-pms-3522569

  Many teenagers experience PMS, and each person’s symptoms may change as they get older. For example, a person who may be prone to PMS-associated angry outbursts for years might stop experiencing them but could begin having abdominal cramps and weight gain in the days before their period. […] Serious effects of PMS may include: Problems with marriage or relationships, Difficulty parenting, Decreased work or school performance, Loss of interest in socializing, Suicidal thoughts. […] If you experience depression with your PMS, you may have a form known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] The effects of PMS are caused by hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are the main hormones that fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. Before a menstrual period, estrogen levels drop, and progesterone levels rise.

• #177 Premenstrual Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/953696-treatment

  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can be employed for adults with severe, refractory PMS with or without add-back therapy to address hypoestrogenic adverse effects and concerns about bone health. […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may have a role for the management of premenstrual pain and inflammation in the late luteal phase. […] PMS symptoms are often difficult to control. Some symptoms may respond well to treatment, whereas others remain refractory. It is important for patients to monitor their PMS symptoms over time, as this may help patients refine their pharmacologic treatments, incorporate additional holistic strategies, and fine-tune the interventions that have been most effective for their disease process.

• #178 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. […] If you still have moderate to severe symptoms after you try home treatment for two or three cycles, talk to your doctor. You can try other treatment options. […] Commonly used medicines include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs such as citalopram, fluoxetine, and paroxetine may help relieve physical and emotional symptoms of PMS. You can take them during the premenstrual weeks only. Or you can take them continuously. […] Hormonal birth control. It may help relieve physical and emotional symptoms of PMS or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

• #179 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #180 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24288-pms-premenstrual-syndrome

  Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a combination of symptoms that arrive before your period. Your symptoms may be physical (like bloating or sore breasts), emotional (like irritability or sadness) or a combination of both. Either way, PMS symptoms can disrupt your life. Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter medications can often relieve PMS symptoms. […] Common symptoms of PMS are headaches, breast tenderness, irritability and mood swings. Premenstrual syndrome (or PMS) begins one to two weeks before you get your period. It can cause symptoms like headaches, breast soreness and mood swings. […] Almost 50% of people who menstruate say they have at least one PMS symptom. About 20% of those people have symptoms that are severe enough to disrupt their life. […] PMS symptoms can be physical, emotional or a mix of both. They can also be mild, severe or somewhere in between. Not everyone experiences PMS. If you do, your symptoms may change throughout your life.

• #181 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It’s estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. […] Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. […] The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. […] For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women.

• #182 Premenstrual syndrome | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/

  It is difficult to estimate how many women are affected. Up to 80% of women are thought to experience premenstrual symptoms while premenstrual syndrome itself is believed to affect between 5% and 25% of women in the reproductive age group. An estimated 5% to 8% of women suffer from severe premenstrual syndrome also known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. […] The frequency and severity of premenstrual syndrome varies from woman to woman and in each individual woman from month to month. […] Premenstrual syndrome should resolve following the menopause as there is a loss of the menstrual cycle and the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms. However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high.

• #183 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20376780

  But a small number of women with premenstrual syndrome have disabling symptoms every month. This form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) signs and symptoms include depression, mood swings, anger, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, irritability and tension.

• #184 PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/

  A small number of women may experience more severe symptoms of PMS known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). […] Symptoms of PMDD are similar to PMS, but are much more intense and can have a much greater negative impact on your everyday life. […] Symptoms can include: headaches and joint and muscle pain, overeating and problems sleeping, feeling very anxious, angry, depressed or suicidal.

• #185 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

  https://womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome

  PMS symptoms may get worse as you reach your late 30s or 40s and approach menopause and are in the transition to menopause, called perimenopause. […] PMS symptoms are different for every woman. You may get physical symptoms, such as bloating or gassiness, or emotional symptoms, such as sadness, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life. […] Physical symptoms of PMS can include: Swollen or tender breasts, Constipation or diarrhea, Bloating or a gassy feeling, Cramping, Headache or backache, Clumsiness, Lower tolerance for noise or light. […] Emotional or mental symptoms of PMS include: Irritability or hostile behavior, Feeling tired, Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little), Appetite changes or food cravings, Trouble with concentration or memory, Tension or anxiety, Depression, feelings of sadness, or crying spells, Mood swings, Less interest in sex.

• #186

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw139439

  Most people first get PMS in their mid-20s. But it can start with your first period and can continue until menopause. After menopause, PMS goes away because hormones are low and don’t rise and fall each month. […] Call your doctor if: PMS symptoms regularly disrupt your life. You feel out of control because of PMS symptoms. Home treatments don’t help. Severe PMS symptoms (such as depression, anxiety, irritability, crying, or mood swings) don’t end a couple of days after your menstrual period starts. […] There are ways to reduce your PMS symptoms and their impact on your life. But no single treatment works for everyone. You may have to try several to find the right choices for you. […] If you have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms even after you’ve tried home treatment and lifestyle changes, talk to your doctor about using medicine. Commonly used medicines include: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen relieve premenstrual pain and cramps. They also reduce menstrual bleeding. They work best when taken before and during the premenstrual pain period. […] Most complementary therapies aren’t considered standard treatment for PMS. But you may find that one or more of them helps relieve some of your symptoms. Before you try any of these therapies, talk with your doctor first.

• #187 Premenstrual Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560698/

  The main intention to treat PMS is symptom relief and to reduce its effects on daily routine activities. Pharmacotherapy was always the first line of treatment for premenstrual syndrome, but recent research has suggested the superior benefits with combination therapy. Combination of pharmacotherapies (such as NSAIDs, SSRIs, anxiolytic agents, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, spironolactone, oral contraceptive pills) with nonpharmacological treatments, mainly cognitive and behavioral therapies, exercises, massage therapy, light therapy along with dietary and nutritional modifications have been proven beneficial for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms.

• #188 Premenstrual Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0415/p1743.html

  Dietary restrictions and exercise may also be useful in patients with PMS. […] Nonpharmacologic measures should be monitored at least every three months. If symptoms are not adequately relieved, the addition of pharmacologic treatment should be considered. […] SSRIs are the most effective pharmacologic agents. […] Spironolactone (Aldactone), an aldosterone antagonist, is the only diuretic that has been shown to effectively relieve PMS symptoms such as breast tenderness and fluid retention. […] Danazol is an androgenic agent that inhibits gonadotropin release, thereby improving mastalgia. […] GnRH agonists have been shown to be more effective than placebo in treating behavioral and physical symptoms of PMS. […] Although efficacy has been demonstrated for some of these agents, their use is limited by significant adverse effects and treatment costs.

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