Zespół krótkiego jelita
Epidemiologia

Zespół krótkiego jelita (ZKJ) jest rzadką, ale poważną przyczyną przewlekłej niewydolności jelit, z częstością występowania szacowaną na 1-2 przypadki na 100 000 osób rocznie globalnie, a w USA około 14 000 nowych diagnoz rocznie. Chorobowość w USA i Europie wynosi od 0,1 do 4 na 100 000 osób, z rosnącą liczbą hospitalizacji (wzrost o 55% w latach 2005-2014) i jednoczesnym spadkiem śmiertelności wewnątrzszpitalnej o 27,5%. W populacji pediatrycznej częstość występowania ZKJ jest wyższa u wcześniaków, sięgając 353,7 na 100 000 żywych urodzeń przed 37. tygodniem ciąży. Etiologia różni się w zależności od wieku: u dorosłych dominują powikłania pooperacyjne, niedokrwienie krezkowe i choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna, natomiast u dzieci przeważają choroby wrodzone i okołoporodowe, z martwiczym zapaleniem jelit jako główną przyczyną. ZKJ jest najczęstszym wskazaniem do domowego żywienia pozajelitowego, które stosuje się u 24-74% pacjentów w zależności od czasu od diagnozy.

Epidemiologia Zespołu Krótkiego Jelita

Zespół krótkiego jelita (ZKJ) stanowi istotną przyczynę przewlekłej niewydolności jelit, wiążąc się ze zwiększoną chorobowością, śmiertelnością, obniżoną jakością życia oraz znacznym obciążeniem dla systemu opieki zdrowotnej. Dokładne oszacowanie częstości występowania tego zespołu jest trudne ze względu na jego rzadkość, potencjalne niedoszacowanie oraz brak wiarygodnych baz danych pacjentów.12

Globalna częstotliwość występowania

Częstość występowania zespołu krótkiego jelita na świecie szacuje się na 1-2 przypadki na 100 000 osób rocznie. Natomiast chorobowość wynosi około 0,3-4 na 100 000 osób w USA oraz 0,1-4 na 100 000 osób w Europie.34 Według innych źródeł, ogólna częstość występowania ZKJ wynosi 3-4 przypadki na milion osób.5 W Stanach Zjednoczonych szacuje się, że około 10 000-20 000 pacjentów otrzymuje żywienie pozajelitowe w warunkach domowych z powodu zespołu krótkiego jelita.67

Według danych z 2020 roku, całkowita liczba przypadków ZKJ w siedmiu głównych rynkach światowych (7MM: USA, Niemcy, Francja, Włochy, Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania i Japonia) wynosiła około 34 713, a najwyższą chorobowość odnotowano w Stanach Zjednoczonych.8 Ponadto, w 2023 roku w USA zdiagnozowano około 14 000 przypadków zespołu krótkiego jelita.9

Trendy epidemiologiczne

Obserwuje się wzrost częstości hospitalizacji związanych z zespołem krótkiego jelita. Analiza bazy danych Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) z lat 2005-2014 wykazała, że liczba hospitalizacji związanych z ZKJ wzrosła z 4037 w 2005 roku do 6265 w 2014 roku, co oznacza ogólny wzrost o 55% w ciągu dekady.1011 Jednocześnie śmiertelność wewnątrzszpitalna związana z ZKJ zmniejszyła się o 27,5% w tym samym okresie.12

Częstość występowania zespołu krótkiego jelita wzrosła ponad dwukrotnie w ciągu ostatnich 40 lat.13 W Europie sklasyfikowano go jako chorobę rzadką przez Europejską Agencję Leków.14

Różnice demograficzne

Zespół krótkiego jelita dotyka osoby w każdym wieku, od noworodków po osoby starsze.1516 Nie wykazano predylekcji rasowej, a zespół jest zgłaszany na całym świecie.17

Interesujące jest jednak, że niektóre badania wskazują na większą częstość występowania ZKJ u kobiet niż u mężczyzn. W Stanach Zjednoczonych ponad 67% pacjentów z zespołem krótkiego jelita stanowiły kobiety w 2023 roku.1819 Jednak według innych źródeł, zespół krótkiego jelita dotyka mężczyzn i kobiety w równym stopniu.20

Epidemiologia u dzieci

W populacji pediatrycznej dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące dokładnej częstości występowania lub zapadalności na niewydolność jelit są fragmentaryczne. Trudności w dokładnym oszacowaniu zapadalności na ZKJ wynikają z rzadkości schorzenia, zmienności definicji ZKJ w różnych instytucjach oraz trudności ośrodków opieki trzeciego stopnia w wyborze populacji docelowej.21

Badania wykazały, że częstość występowania chirurgicznego ZKJ wynosiła 0,7% (7 na 1000) wśród 12 316 noworodków z bardzo niską masą urodzeniową oraz 1,1% (11 na 1000) wśród 5 657 noworodków z ekstremalnie niską masą urodzeniową. Co więcej, 96% tych przypadków było spowodowanych martwiczym zapaleniem jelit.22

Częstość występowania niewydolności jelit opisano jako 0,1% wszystkich żywych urodzeń (26/30 353) oraz 0,5% (26/5088) wśród noworodków należących do oddziału intensywnej terapii noworodkowej. Ogólny wskaźnik ZKJ wynosił 24,5 na 100 000 żywych urodzeń (95% CI = 12,1, 36,9), przy czym większa częstość występowała u wcześniaków.23

Duże badanie populacyjne z Kanady wykazało częstość występowania ZKJ na poziomie 24,5 na 100 000 żywych urodzeń, z wyższą częstością u noworodków urodzonych przed 37 tygodniem ciąży (353,7/100 000 żywych urodzeń).24

Czynniki etiologiczne i grupy ryzyka

Pacjenci z zespołem krótkiego jelita stanowią heterogeniczną populację o różnej etiologii, która może się różnić między dorosłymi a dziećmi.25

Etiologia u dorosłych

Najczęstsze przyczyny ZKJ u dorosłych obejmują powikłania pooperacyjne, niedokrwienie krezkowe i chorobę Leśniowskiego-Crohna.26 W Stanach Zjednoczonych w 2023 roku około 29% przypadków ZKJ było spowodowanych powikłaniami chirurgicznymi, a ~24% zawałem krezkowym.2728

Profil pacjentów zmieniał się na przestrzeni lat. Uwięźnięcie jelita i skręt jelita środkowego były częstymi przyczynami w pierwszych dekadach XX wieku. W latach 50. i 60. XX wieku częstymi przyczynami stały się incydenty naczyniowe krezkowe, w tym zakrzepica i zator tętnicy krezkowej górnej. Aktualnie najczęstszą etiologią u dorosłych jest choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna.29

Inne częste patologie prowadzące do ZKJ obejmują niedokrwienie krezkowe, popromienne zapalenie jelit, zrosty pooperacyjne i powikłania pooperacyjne.30

Etiologia u dzieci

U pacjentów pediatrycznych najczęstszymi przyczynami ZKJ są choroby wrodzone i okołoporodowe.31 Najczęstszym czynnikiem ryzyka nabytego zespołu krótkiego jelita jest podstawowy stan chorobowy lub uraz, który wpływa na układ pokarmowy dziecka. Na przykład ryzyko jest wyższe, jeśli dziecko wymaga operacji usunięcia części jelita cienkiego z powodu atrezji jelita.32

Nadzór i monitorowanie epidemiologiczne

Szacunki dotyczące rozpowszechnienia ZKJ opierają się głównie na historycznych danych opublikowanych przez Howarda i wsp. w 1992 roku, którzy wykorzystali dane z rejestru Medicare Home Parenteral Nutrition w Ameryce Północnej i oszacowali roczną częstość występowania domowego żywienia pozajelitowego na około 120 na milion populacji.33

Rejestry i bazy danych

Nowsze badanie z USA, które wykorzystało dane dotyczące domowego żywienia pozajelitowego z rejestru Sustain, wykazało podobne wyniki i zgłosiło, że 24% pacjentów otrzymujących domowe żywienie pozajelitowe miało ZKJ, co czyniło ZKJ najczęstszym wskazaniem do domowego żywienia pozajelitowego.34

Moreno i współpracownicy opublikowali dane pochodzące z rejestru pacjentów otrzymujących domowe żywienie pozajelitowe w Hiszpanii z 2002 roku. Program obejmował 74 pacjentów, co daje częstość występowania w Hiszpanii na poziomie 1,8 pacjenta na 1 milion populacji.35

Dane wskazują, że choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna jest najczęstszą przyczyną przewlekłej niewydolności jelit (CIF), stanowiąc 22,4-30% przypadków, chociaż w ciągu ostatnich kilku dekad odnotowano spadek.36

Wyzwania w monitorowaniu

Literatura eksplorująca duże bazy danych w celu zbadania epidemiologii i wykorzystania opieki zdrowotnej w ZKJ jest niewystarczająca.37 Dokładne dane epidemiologiczne dotyczące występowania zarówno CIF, jak i ZKJ są niepewne, ponieważ często pochodzą z rejestrów żywienia pozajelitowego.38

Mediana szacowanej częstości występowania CIF wśród pacjentów z chorobą Leśniowskiego-Crohna jelita cienkiego wynosiła 1% i była znacznie wyższa w ośrodkach akademickich (2,0% [IQR 1-5%] vs 0,13% [IQR 0-1%], p = 0,02).39

Problemem z określeniem zapadalności na ultrashort bowel syndrome (USBS – zespół bardzo krótkiego jelita) jest ukryta śmiertelność pacjentów z najcięższymi postaciami, którzy albo nie otrzymują aktywnego leczenia, albo pomimo leczenia nie przeżywają okresu noworodkowego.40

Obciążenie systemów opieki zdrowotnej

Hospitalizacje u pacjentów z ZKJ wiązały się z istotnie wysokim wykorzystaniem opieki zdrowotnej, przy czym średnia długość pobytu w szpitalu i koszt hospitalizacji wynosiły odpowiednio 14,7 dnia i 34 130 USD (w stałych dolarach amerykańskich z 2014 roku).41

Koszty i wykorzystanie zasobów

Spadek wykorzystania opieki zdrowotnej i kosztów szpitalnych, przy jednoczesnym spadku śmiertelności wewnątrzszpitalnej, sugeruje poprawę ogólnego świadczenia opieki zdrowotnej u pacjentów z ZKJ w USA.42

Odnotowano stopniowy ogólny spadek śmiertelności wewnątrzszpitalnej z wszystkich przyczyn w okresie 10-letniego badania, co prawdopodobnie odzwierciedla poprawę przeżywalności i innych wyników prognostycznych u pacjentów z ZKJ.43

Wyzwania w opiece nad pacjentami

Zarządzanie ZKJ wymaga wielodyscyplinarnego zespołu, w tym gastroenterologów, chirurgów, radiologów, dietetyków, psychoterapeutów i pielęgniarek domowych.44 Wielodyscyplinarne podejście składające się z lekarzy, chirurgów, dietetyków, pielęgniarek i pracowników socjalnych doświadczonych w opiece nad pacjentami z niewydolnością jelit jest pomocne w optymalnym zarządzaniu tą populacją pacjentów.45

Obecne praktyki diagnozowania i zarządzania ZKJ i CIF w chorobie Leśniowskiego-Crohna są suboptymalne, a niski odsetek bezpośredniego pomiaru resztkowego jelita może potencjalnie prowadzić do niedodiagnozowania tych stanów.46

Przeżywalność i rokowanie

U pacjentów z ZKJ, którzy otrzymują długoterminowe domowe żywienie pozajelitowe, wskaźniki przeżycia 2- i 5-letniego wynosiły odpowiednio do 80% i 70%.47

Czynniki wpływające na przeżycie

Czynniki wpływające na przeżycie z ZKJ obejmują anatomię i funkcję pozostałego jelita, wiek pacjenta, pierwotny proces chorobowy, choroby współistniejące, obecność przewlekłej niedrożności jelit oraz doświadczenie zespołu leczącego.48

Zależność od żywienia pozajelitowego po 1, 2 i 5 latach u pacjentów z ZKJ zgłoszono odpowiednio u 74%, 64% i 48% pacjentów.49 Obecność okrężnicy i pozostała długość funkcjonalnego jelita cienkiego (<50-70 cm z okrężnicą ciągłą lub <100-150 cm, gdy okrężnica jest nieobecna) są najważniejszymi czynnikami przewidującymi stałą potrzebę żywienia pozajelitowego.50

Ze względu na różnice w zdolności do adaptacji pacjenci z pozostałością krętniczą mają lepsze rokowanie przeżycia niż pacjenci z pozostawioną tylko częścią jelita czczego.51

Klasyfikacja i typologia

W przypadkach zespołu krótkiego jelita resztkową długość jelita mierzy się od zgięcia dwunastniczo-czczego do połączenia krętniczo-kątniczego, miejsca zespolenia jelita cienkiego z okrężnicą lub lokalizacji końcowej stomii. Pacjentów z ZKJ można podzielić na trzy grupy w zależności od obecności lub braku resztkowej okrężnicy:

Należy podkreślić, że trzecia grupa wykazuje najbardziej korzystne rokowanie przeżycia, podczas gdy pierwsza grupa przedstawia najmniej korzystny wynik, obejmując pacjentów w najcięższym stanie.53

Obecność okrężnicy jest korzystna w ZKJ ze względu na jej zdolność do wchłaniania wody, elektrolitów i kwasów tłuszczowych; spowolnienia pasażu jelitowego; i stymulowania adaptacji jelitowej.54

Pacjenci z ZKJ z końcową jejunostomią są ogólnie najtrudniejsi do leczenia i najprawdopodobniej będą wymagać stałego wsparcia pozajelitowego.55

Nowoczesne podejście do leczenia

Leczenie ZKJ ewoluowało w ostatnich latach, tak że zmniejszenie lub eliminacja wymagań dotyczących żywienia pozajelitowego u wcześniej zależnych od ŻP pacjentów jest teraz rzeczywistością.56

Osiągnięcie niezależności od żywienia pozajelitowego można czasami osiągnąć poprzez wdrożenie wielodyscyplinarnego podejścia, które obejmuje zmiany w diecie i przyjmowaniu płynów w celu stymulowania adaptacji jelitowej i optymalizacji wchłaniania jelitowego, stosowanie środków farmakologicznych do kontrolowania objawów i poprawy jakości życia oraz strategiczne stosowanie nowych środków tropowych jelitowych i chirurgii, gdy jest to właściwe.57

Wprowadzenie terapii TED (trophic entero-digestive) pozytywnie wpłynęło na wyniki kliniczne wielu pacjentów z ZKJ związanym z CIF i chorobą Leśniowskiego-Crohna, co wykazano zarówno w badaniach klinicznych, jak i w badaniach rzeczywistych.58

Ponad 50% dorosłych z ZKJ jest w stanie całkowicie odstawić żywienie pozajelitowe w ciągu 5 lat od diagnozy. Mniej niż 6% odstawia żywienie pozajelitowe przy użyciu konwencjonalnych metod, jeśli niezależność nie zostanie osiągnięta w ciągu pierwszych 2 lat po resekcji.59

W ostatnich latach nastąpiły znaczne postępy w leczeniu medycznym niewydolności jelit dzięki skoordynowanej opiece świadczonej przez wielodyscyplinarne zespoły rehabilitacji jelit.60

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  1. 18.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) | Takeda U.S. Medical
    https://www.takedamedconnect.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastroenterology/short-bowel-syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, chronic, and life-threatening malabsorption disorder. The true incidence and prevalence of SBS in the US are unknown due to its rarity, potential under-reporting, and the lack of reliable patient databases. Patients with SBS comprise a heterogeneous population with varying etiologies that may differ between adults and children. The most common causes of SBS in adults include postoperative complications, mesenteric ischemia, and Crohns disease. In pediatric patients, the most common causes of SBS are congenital and perinatal diseases. […] Along with physical limitations, SBS is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric patients.
  • #2 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence and prevalence of short bowel syndrome is difficult to estimate. All the data is derived from patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Therefore, there are different distributions around the world. The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA to 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. It affects all age groups. There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome and is reported worldwide. Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. […] The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA.
  • #3 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence and prevalence of short bowel syndrome is difficult to estimate. All the data is derived from patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Therefore, there are different distributions around the world. The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA to 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. It affects all age groups. There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome and is reported worldwide. Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. […] The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA.
  • #4 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. […] Patients of all age groups, from neonates to elderly may develop short bowel syndrome. […] There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome. […] Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] Short bowel syndrome is reported worldwide.
  • #5 Concise review on short bowel syndrome: Etiology, pathophysiology, and management
    https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i31/11273.htm
    SBS occurs in about 15% of patients with intestinal resection. About three-quarters of these patients have a massive intestinal resection, and one-quarter have multiple sequential resections. Overall, the prevalence of SBS is 3-4 per million[4]. […] Nutritional management becomes crucial, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) plays a vital role in SBS. TPN usually contains the missing nutrients and some micronutrients to make up for the loss of the bowel[2,5]. […] The goal of treatment is to achieve tolerance for oral feeds[5]. Rich nutrient supply, continuous diet monitoring, and regular follow-up are essential for a favorable outcome in patients with SBS. […] The necessity of home parenteral nutrition home PN or IV fluids depends on the enterocyte function and colon preservation, which role lies in the absorption of water, electrolytes, and fatty acids. Patients with 100-140 cm small bowel and no colon or 40-60 cm jejunum-ileum anastomosed to a portion of the colon will probably require permanent long-term PN[30-32].
  • #6 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/193391-overview
    Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of SBS are difficult to make and therefore relatively scarce. Most estimates are based on data describing patients requiring long-term home parenteral nutrition for SBS. […] A report by Lennard-Jones estimated that in the United Kingdom, the incidence of SBS requiring such therapy was two patients per million population. […] Byrne et al estimated that in the United States, approximately 10,000-20,000 patients receive home-delivered TPN for SBS. […] Moreno and coworkers published data derived from the 2002 registry of patients receiving home-based parenteral nutrition in Spain. The program had an enrollment of 74 patients, making the prevalence in Spain 1.8 patients per 1 million population.
  • #7 Short Bowel Syndrome | Concise Medical Knowledge
    https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/short-bowel-syndrome/
    Short bowel syndrome is a malabsorptive condition due to the insufficient length of functional small intestine. The condition leads to diarrhea, malnutrition, and dehydration. […] Epidemiology: […] Rare condition. Incidence and prevalence are difficult to estimate. Approximately 10,000-20,000 individuals in the United States are on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to SBS.
  • #8 Short Bowel Syndrome Epidemiology Forecast to 2030 – ResearchAndMarkets.com
    https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210629005522/en/Short-Bowel-Syndrome-Epidemiology-Forecast-to-2030—ResearchAndMarkets.com
    The epidemiology segment also provides the Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The total prevalent population of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) Associated in 7MM countries was estimated to be 34,713 cases in 2020 and expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.54% for the study period, i.e., 2018-2030. […] As per the estimates, United States has the highest prevalent population of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) in 7MM. […] Among the EU5 countries, France had the highest prevalent population of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). On the other hand, Spain had the lowest number of cases, 1,701 cases in 2020. […] The report provides insight into the historical and forecasted patient pool of Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK), and Japan.
  • #9 Short Bowel Syndrome – Epidemiology Forecast – 2034
    https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5345917/short-bowel-syndrome-epidemiology-forecast?srsltid=AfmBOorIUZ20PQJgQkgJqOYzGF5hy4l_MKdk_s1DNoiqnguxxo2Ebk8o
    In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were in the United States, accounting for nearly 14,000 cases in 2023. […] Germany had the highest number of prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome among the EU4 and the UK, followed by the UK, whereas Spain had the lowest number of cases in 2023. […] In 2023, Japan accounted for roughly 900 cases in adults and 150 cases in pediatric population. […] In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were seen in the United States, followed by EU4 and the UK in 2023. […] Short bowel syndrome is more common in females as compared to males. In the United States, more than 67% of short bowel syndrome patients were female. […] In the United States, around 29% and ~24% short bowel syndrome cases were caused by surgical complications and mesenteric infarction respectively in 2023. […] In EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, while Spain accounted for the least prevalent cases in 2023.
  • #10 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    In this study, we analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2014 to assess the trends in SBS-related hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality and to estimate the healthcare burden associated with SBS-related hospitalizations in the US. […] We found that the number of SBS-related hospitalizations increased from 4037 in 2005 to 6265 in 2014, resulting in an overall increase of 55% in the number of hospitalizations over a period of a decade. […] Our study found a consistent increase in the overall number of annual hospitalizations in adult patients with SBS in the US. […] Our study confirms the trend that has been reported globally that the prevalence of patients utilizing home PN has considerably increased over the last few decades, a substantial proportion of which consists of patients with SBS.
  • #11
    https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2019/10001/493_epidemiology_and_healthcare_resource.493.aspx
    Multiple intestinal surgeries or massive resection often lead to short bowel syndrome (SBS) which is associated with frequent hospitalizations and has high morbidly and resource utilization. […] Our study population consisted of 65% females and 78% were Caucasians. […] Overall, SBS-related hospitalizations have increased from 4037 in 2005 to 6265 in 2014. […] Our results suggests that SBS-hospitalizations have increased by 54% in the last decade but in-hospital mortality associated with SBS has decreased by 27.5%.
  • #12
    https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2019/10001/493_epidemiology_and_healthcare_resource.493.aspx
    Multiple intestinal surgeries or massive resection often lead to short bowel syndrome (SBS) which is associated with frequent hospitalizations and has high morbidly and resource utilization. […] Our study population consisted of 65% females and 78% were Caucasians. […] Overall, SBS-related hospitalizations have increased from 4037 in 2005 to 6265 in 2014. […] Our results suggests that SBS-hospitalizations have increased by 54% in the last decade but in-hospital mortality associated with SBS has decreased by 27.5%.
  • #13 Short bowel syndrome – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_bowel_syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome newly occurs in about three per million people each year. […] There are estimated to be about 15,000 people with the condition in the United States. […] The prevalence in the United States is approximately 30 cases per million and in Europe it is approximately 1.4 cases per million (but the rate varies widely between countries). […] The prevalence of short bowel syndrome has increased by more than 2 fold in the last 40 years. […] It is classified as a rare disease by the European Medicines Agency.
  • #14 Short bowel syndrome – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_bowel_syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome newly occurs in about three per million people each year. […] There are estimated to be about 15,000 people with the condition in the United States. […] The prevalence in the United States is approximately 30 cases per million and in Europe it is approximately 1.4 cases per million (but the rate varies widely between countries). […] The prevalence of short bowel syndrome has increased by more than 2 fold in the last 40 years. […] It is classified as a rare disease by the European Medicines Agency.
  • #15 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The incidence and prevalence of short bowel syndrome is difficult to estimate. All the data is derived from patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Therefore, there are different distributions around the world. The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA to 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. It affects all age groups. There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome and is reported worldwide. Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] The incidence of short bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide per year. […] The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.3-4 per 100,000 individuals in the USA.
  • #16 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. […] Patients of all age groups, from neonates to elderly may develop short bowel syndrome. […] There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome. […] Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] Short bowel syndrome is reported worldwide.
  • #17 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. […] Patients of all age groups, from neonates to elderly may develop short bowel syndrome. […] There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome. […] Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] Short bowel syndrome is reported worldwide.
  • #18 Short Bowel Syndrome – Epidemiology Forecast – 2034
    https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5345917/short-bowel-syndrome-epidemiology-forecast?srsltid=AfmBOorIUZ20PQJgQkgJqOYzGF5hy4l_MKdk_s1DNoiqnguxxo2Ebk8o
    In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were in the United States, accounting for nearly 14,000 cases in 2023. […] Germany had the highest number of prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome among the EU4 and the UK, followed by the UK, whereas Spain had the lowest number of cases in 2023. […] In 2023, Japan accounted for roughly 900 cases in adults and 150 cases in pediatric population. […] In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were seen in the United States, followed by EU4 and the UK in 2023. […] Short bowel syndrome is more common in females as compared to males. In the United States, more than 67% of short bowel syndrome patients were female. […] In the United States, around 29% and ~24% short bowel syndrome cases were caused by surgical complications and mesenteric infarction respectively in 2023. […] In EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, while Spain accounted for the least prevalent cases in 2023.
  • #19 Short Bowel Syndrome Market Insight, Epidemiology And Market Forecast – 2034
    https://www.giiresearch.com/report/del1415499-short-bowel-syndrome-market-insight-epidemiology.html
    The total diagnosed prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome in the US was around 1,4000 in 2023. […] In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were seen in the United States, followed by EU4 and the UK in 2023. […] Short bowel syndrome is more common in females as compared to males. In the United States, more than 67% of short bowel syndrome patients were female. […] In the United States, around 29% and ~24% short bowel syndrome cases were caused by surgical complications and mesenteric infarction respectively in 2023. […] In EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, while Spain accounted for the least prevalent cases in 2023. […] The short bowel syndrome epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by prevalence of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use, diagnosed prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, age-specific cases of short bowel syndrome, gender-specific cases of short bowel syndrome, etiology-specific cases of short bowel syndrome in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034.
  • #20 Short bowel syndrome epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc
    https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Short_bowel_syndrome_epidemiology_and_demographics
    The prevalence of short bowel syndrome is approximately 0.1-4 per 100,000 individuals in Europe. […] Patients of all age groups, from neonates to elderly may develop short bowel syndrome. […] There is no racial predilection to short bowel syndrome. […] Short bowel syndrome affects men and women equally. […] Short bowel syndrome is reported worldwide.
  • #21 An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/10/2341
    Pediatric epidemiological data about the exact prevalence or incidence of intestinal failure are fragmentary. The accurate estimate of SBS incidence is difficult to determine because of the rarity of the condition, the variability of the definition of SBS in different institutions and the difficulty of tertiary care centers in the selection of the catchment population. […] Estimates showed that the incidence of surgical SBS was 0.7% (7 per 1000) among 12,316 very low birth weight infants, and was 1.1% (11 per 1000) among 5.657 extremely low birth weight infants. Moreover, 96% of these had been caused by necrotizing enterocolitis. […] The incidence of IF was described as 0.1% in all live births (26/30,353) and 0.5% (26/5088) among neonates belonging to the neonatal intensive care unit. […] The overall rate of SBS was 24.5 per 100,000 live births (95%CI = 12.1, 36.9), with a greater incidence in preterm infants. […] However, home PN is not only offered to children with SBS, but also to those who have IF due to a different etiology.
  • #22 An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/10/2341
    Pediatric epidemiological data about the exact prevalence or incidence of intestinal failure are fragmentary. The accurate estimate of SBS incidence is difficult to determine because of the rarity of the condition, the variability of the definition of SBS in different institutions and the difficulty of tertiary care centers in the selection of the catchment population. […] Estimates showed that the incidence of surgical SBS was 0.7% (7 per 1000) among 12,316 very low birth weight infants, and was 1.1% (11 per 1000) among 5.657 extremely low birth weight infants. Moreover, 96% of these had been caused by necrotizing enterocolitis. […] The incidence of IF was described as 0.1% in all live births (26/30,353) and 0.5% (26/5088) among neonates belonging to the neonatal intensive care unit. […] The overall rate of SBS was 24.5 per 100,000 live births (95%CI = 12.1, 36.9), with a greater incidence in preterm infants. […] However, home PN is not only offered to children with SBS, but also to those who have IF due to a different etiology.
  • #23 An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/10/2341
    Pediatric epidemiological data about the exact prevalence or incidence of intestinal failure are fragmentary. The accurate estimate of SBS incidence is difficult to determine because of the rarity of the condition, the variability of the definition of SBS in different institutions and the difficulty of tertiary care centers in the selection of the catchment population. […] Estimates showed that the incidence of surgical SBS was 0.7% (7 per 1000) among 12,316 very low birth weight infants, and was 1.1% (11 per 1000) among 5.657 extremely low birth weight infants. Moreover, 96% of these had been caused by necrotizing enterocolitis. […] The incidence of IF was described as 0.1% in all live births (26/30,353) and 0.5% (26/5088) among neonates belonging to the neonatal intensive care unit. […] The overall rate of SBS was 24.5 per 100,000 live births (95%CI = 12.1, 36.9), with a greater incidence in preterm infants. […] However, home PN is not only offered to children with SBS, but also to those who have IF due to a different etiology.
  • #24 Epidemiology, management and outcome of ultrashort bowel syndrome in infancy | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
    https://fn.bmj.com/content/102/6/F551
    Ultrashort bowel syndrome (USBS) is a group of heterogeneous disorders where the length of small bowel is less than 10 cm or 10% of expected for the age. […] The exact prevalence of USBS is not known although there is a clear trend towards increasing numbers because of increased incidence and improved survival. […] The problem with defining the incidence of USBS is the hidden mortality of patients with most severe forms who either do not receive active treatment or despite treatment do not survive the neonatal period. […] Literature specific to paediatric USBS is scarce and the exact incidence is not known, but we presume that the incidence is a proportion of SBS. […] A large single population-based study from Canada found the incidence of SBS to be 24.5 per 100000 live births with a higher incidence in neonates born before 37 weeks gestation (353.7/100000 live births).
  • #25 Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) | Takeda U.S. Medical
    https://www.takedamedconnect.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastroenterology/short-bowel-syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, chronic, and life-threatening malabsorption disorder. The true incidence and prevalence of SBS in the US are unknown due to its rarity, potential under-reporting, and the lack of reliable patient databases. Patients with SBS comprise a heterogeneous population with varying etiologies that may differ between adults and children. The most common causes of SBS in adults include postoperative complications, mesenteric ischemia, and Crohns disease. In pediatric patients, the most common causes of SBS are congenital and perinatal diseases. […] Along with physical limitations, SBS is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric patients.
  • #26 Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) | Takeda U.S. Medical
    https://www.takedamedconnect.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastroenterology/short-bowel-syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, chronic, and life-threatening malabsorption disorder. The true incidence and prevalence of SBS in the US are unknown due to its rarity, potential under-reporting, and the lack of reliable patient databases. Patients with SBS comprise a heterogeneous population with varying etiologies that may differ between adults and children. The most common causes of SBS in adults include postoperative complications, mesenteric ischemia, and Crohns disease. In pediatric patients, the most common causes of SBS are congenital and perinatal diseases. […] Along with physical limitations, SBS is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric patients.
  • #27 Short Bowel Syndrome Market Insight, Epidemiology And Market Forecast – 2034
    https://www.giiresearch.com/report/del1415499-short-bowel-syndrome-market-insight-epidemiology.html
    The total diagnosed prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome in the US was around 1,4000 in 2023. […] In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were seen in the United States, followed by EU4 and the UK in 2023. […] Short bowel syndrome is more common in females as compared to males. In the United States, more than 67% of short bowel syndrome patients were female. […] In the United States, around 29% and ~24% short bowel syndrome cases were caused by surgical complications and mesenteric infarction respectively in 2023. […] In EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, while Spain accounted for the least prevalent cases in 2023. […] The short bowel syndrome epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by prevalence of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use, diagnosed prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, age-specific cases of short bowel syndrome, gender-specific cases of short bowel syndrome, etiology-specific cases of short bowel syndrome in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), United Kingdom, and Japan from 2020 to 2034.
  • #28 Short Bowel Syndrome – Epidemiology Forecast – 2034
    https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5345917/short-bowel-syndrome-epidemiology-forecast?srsltid=AfmBOorIUZ20PQJgQkgJqOYzGF5hy4l_MKdk_s1DNoiqnguxxo2Ebk8o
    In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were in the United States, accounting for nearly 14,000 cases in 2023. […] Germany had the highest number of prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome among the EU4 and the UK, followed by the UK, whereas Spain had the lowest number of cases in 2023. […] In 2023, Japan accounted for roughly 900 cases in adults and 150 cases in pediatric population. […] In the 7MM, the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome were seen in the United States, followed by EU4 and the UK in 2023. […] Short bowel syndrome is more common in females as compared to males. In the United States, more than 67% of short bowel syndrome patients were female. […] In the United States, around 29% and ~24% short bowel syndrome cases were caused by surgical complications and mesenteric infarction respectively in 2023. […] In EU4 and the UK, Germany accounted for the highest prevalent cases of short bowel syndrome, while Spain accounted for the least prevalent cases in 2023.
  • #29 Short Bowel Syndrome | Doctor
    https://patient.info/doctor/short-bowel-syndrome
    How common is short bowel syndrome? (Epidemiology)4 […] The patient profile has changed over the years. Bowel strangulation and midgut volvulus were common aetiologies in the first decades of the twentieth century. […] By the 1950s and 1960s, the common causes had become mesenteric vascular accidents, including thrombosis and embolism of the superior mesenteric artery. […] The most common aetiology in adults is currently Crohn’s disease. […] About 15% of people who have had gut resection develop SBS. […] There are no data on intestinal failure secondary to SBS, but extrapolated figures of home parenteral nutrition centres and single-centre studies suggest an incidence of 3-4 per million.
  • #30 Parenteral nutrition: a life–saving intervention for 4 months in short bowel syndrome—a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-024-04442-1
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) in adults is defined as having less than 180 to 200 cm of remaining small bowel. Many literature sources do not provide precise epidemiological data, and challenges in estimating the prevalence of SBS include its multifactorial etiology and varying definitions. The prevalence of SBS in the general population is approximately 12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. In the USA, the incidence ranges from 0.3 to 4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually, while in Europe, it varies from 0.1 to 4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The lack of precise epidemiological data in numerous literature sources poses challenges in estimating the prevalence of SBS, attributed to its multifactorial etiology and varying definitions. […] The most common pathologies leading to SBS include Crohn disease, mesenteric ischemia, radiation enteritis, post-surgical adhesions, and post-operative complications.
  • #31 Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) | Takeda U.S. Medical
    https://www.takedamedconnect.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastroenterology/short-bowel-syndrome
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, chronic, and life-threatening malabsorption disorder. The true incidence and prevalence of SBS in the US are unknown due to its rarity, potential under-reporting, and the lack of reliable patient databases. Patients with SBS comprise a heterogeneous population with varying etiologies that may differ between adults and children. The most common causes of SBS in adults include postoperative complications, mesenteric ischemia, and Crohns disease. In pediatric patients, the most common causes of SBS are congenital and perinatal diseases. […] Along with physical limitations, SBS is associated with decreased health-related quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric patients.
  • #32 Short Bowel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14725-short-bowel-syndrome-in-children
    Short bowel syndrome is rare and affects an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 people in the United States. This estimate includes both children and adults. […] The most common risk factor for acquired short bowel syndrome is an underlying medical condition or injury that affects your child’s digestive system. For example, your child’s risk is higher if they need surgery to remove a portion of their small intestine because of atresia of the bowel. […] Short bowel syndrome can be life-threatening if left untreated, especially if your child’s body isn’t able to absorb nutrients from the food they eat. If you notice any signs or symptoms of short bowel syndrome in your child, visit a healthcare provider. […] Short bowel syndrome can be a lifelong condition or a short-term condition for your child. Your child’s body may improve its ability to absorb nutrients over time. If their condition does improve, they’ll still need lifelong follow-ups to monitor growth and nutritional deficiencies that may arise.
  • #33 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common cause of chronic intestinal failure and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and an increased burden on healthcare costs. […] Estimates of SBS prevalence are primarily based on the historical data published by Howard et al in 1992 who used the data from the North American Medicare Home Parenteral Nutrition registry and estimated a yearly prevalence of home PN use to be close to 120 per million population. […] A more recent US study that utilized the home PN data from the Sustain registry found similar results and reported that 24% of patients receiving home PN had SBS, which also made SBS the most common indication for home PN. […] Literature exploring large databases to study the epidemiology and healthcare utilization in SBS is lacking.
  • #34 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common cause of chronic intestinal failure and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and an increased burden on healthcare costs. […] Estimates of SBS prevalence are primarily based on the historical data published by Howard et al in 1992 who used the data from the North American Medicare Home Parenteral Nutrition registry and estimated a yearly prevalence of home PN use to be close to 120 per million population. […] A more recent US study that utilized the home PN data from the Sustain registry found similar results and reported that 24% of patients receiving home PN had SBS, which also made SBS the most common indication for home PN. […] Literature exploring large databases to study the epidemiology and healthcare utilization in SBS is lacking.
  • #35 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/193391-overview
    Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of SBS are difficult to make and therefore relatively scarce. Most estimates are based on data describing patients requiring long-term home parenteral nutrition for SBS. […] A report by Lennard-Jones estimated that in the United Kingdom, the incidence of SBS requiring such therapy was two patients per million population. […] Byrne et al estimated that in the United States, approximately 10,000-20,000 patients receive home-delivered TPN for SBS. […] Moreno and coworkers published data derived from the 2002 registry of patients receiving home-based parenteral nutrition in Spain. The program had an enrollment of 74 patients, making the prevalence in Spain 1.8 patients per 1 million population.
  • #36 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    The median estimated prevalence of CIF among small bowel CD patients was 1%, and it was significantly higher in academic centers (2.0% [IQR 1–5%] vs. 0.13% [IQR 0–1%], p = 0.02). […] The estimated prevalence of CIF in CD patients with small bowel involvement in Italy is 1%. […] Precise epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of both CIF and SBS are uncertain, as they are often derived from parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription registries. […] Data indicate that CD is the most common cause of CIF, representing 22.4–30% of cases, although a decline has been reported over the last few decades. […] The management of SBS and CIF requires a multidisciplinary team, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, nutritionists, psychotherapists, and home-care nurses. […] The introduction of TED therapy has positively influenced the clinical outcomes for many patients with SBS related to CIF and CD, as demonstrated in both clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • #37 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common cause of chronic intestinal failure and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and an increased burden on healthcare costs. […] Estimates of SBS prevalence are primarily based on the historical data published by Howard et al in 1992 who used the data from the North American Medicare Home Parenteral Nutrition registry and estimated a yearly prevalence of home PN use to be close to 120 per million population. […] A more recent US study that utilized the home PN data from the Sustain registry found similar results and reported that 24% of patients receiving home PN had SBS, which also made SBS the most common indication for home PN. […] Literature exploring large databases to study the epidemiology and healthcare utilization in SBS is lacking.
  • #38 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    The median estimated prevalence of CIF among small bowel CD patients was 1%, and it was significantly higher in academic centers (2.0% [IQR 1–5%] vs. 0.13% [IQR 0–1%], p = 0.02). […] The estimated prevalence of CIF in CD patients with small bowel involvement in Italy is 1%. […] Precise epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of both CIF and SBS are uncertain, as they are often derived from parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription registries. […] Data indicate that CD is the most common cause of CIF, representing 22.4–30% of cases, although a decline has been reported over the last few decades. […] The management of SBS and CIF requires a multidisciplinary team, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, nutritionists, psychotherapists, and home-care nurses. […] The introduction of TED therapy has positively influenced the clinical outcomes for many patients with SBS related to CIF and CD, as demonstrated in both clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • #39 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    The median estimated prevalence of CIF among small bowel CD patients was 1%, and it was significantly higher in academic centers (2.0% [IQR 1–5%] vs. 0.13% [IQR 0–1%], p = 0.02). […] The estimated prevalence of CIF in CD patients with small bowel involvement in Italy is 1%. […] Precise epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of both CIF and SBS are uncertain, as they are often derived from parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription registries. […] Data indicate that CD is the most common cause of CIF, representing 22.4–30% of cases, although a decline has been reported over the last few decades. […] The management of SBS and CIF requires a multidisciplinary team, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, nutritionists, psychotherapists, and home-care nurses. […] The introduction of TED therapy has positively influenced the clinical outcomes for many patients with SBS related to CIF and CD, as demonstrated in both clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • #40 Epidemiology, management and outcome of ultrashort bowel syndrome in infancy | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
    https://fn.bmj.com/content/102/6/F551
    Ultrashort bowel syndrome (USBS) is a group of heterogeneous disorders where the length of small bowel is less than 10 cm or 10% of expected for the age. […] The exact prevalence of USBS is not known although there is a clear trend towards increasing numbers because of increased incidence and improved survival. […] The problem with defining the incidence of USBS is the hidden mortality of patients with most severe forms who either do not receive active treatment or despite treatment do not survive the neonatal period. […] Literature specific to paediatric USBS is scarce and the exact incidence is not known, but we presume that the incidence is a proportion of SBS. […] A large single population-based study from Canada found the incidence of SBS to be 24.5 per 100000 live births with a higher incidence in neonates born before 37 weeks gestation (353.7/100000 live births).
  • #41 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    We noted a gradual overall decrease in all-cause in-hospital mortality during our 10-year study period, which likely reflects an improvement in survival and other prognostic outcomes in patients with SBS. […] We found that hospitalizations in patients with SBS were associated with a substantially high healthcare utilization, with the average hospital LOS and hospitalization cost being 14.7 days and $34,130 (in 2014 constant US dollars), respectively. […] This decrease in healthcare utilization and hospital costs, with a concurrent decrease in in-hospital mortality, suggests an improvement in overall healthcare delivery in patients with SBS in the US.
  • #42 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    We noted a gradual overall decrease in all-cause in-hospital mortality during our 10-year study period, which likely reflects an improvement in survival and other prognostic outcomes in patients with SBS. […] We found that hospitalizations in patients with SBS were associated with a substantially high healthcare utilization, with the average hospital LOS and hospitalization cost being 14.7 days and $34,130 (in 2014 constant US dollars), respectively. […] This decrease in healthcare utilization and hospital costs, with a concurrent decrease in in-hospital mortality, suggests an improvement in overall healthcare delivery in patients with SBS in the US.
  • #43 Short-Bowel Syndrome: Epidemiology, Hospitalization Trends, In-Hospital Mortality, and Healthcare Utilization
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9254738/
    We noted a gradual overall decrease in all-cause in-hospital mortality during our 10-year study period, which likely reflects an improvement in survival and other prognostic outcomes in patients with SBS. […] We found that hospitalizations in patients with SBS were associated with a substantially high healthcare utilization, with the average hospital LOS and hospitalization cost being 14.7 days and $34,130 (in 2014 constant US dollars), respectively. […] This decrease in healthcare utilization and hospital costs, with a concurrent decrease in in-hospital mortality, suggests an improvement in overall healthcare delivery in patients with SBS in the US.
  • #44 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    The median estimated prevalence of CIF among small bowel CD patients was 1%, and it was significantly higher in academic centers (2.0% [IQR 1–5%] vs. 0.13% [IQR 0–1%], p = 0.02). […] The estimated prevalence of CIF in CD patients with small bowel involvement in Italy is 1%. […] Precise epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of both CIF and SBS are uncertain, as they are often derived from parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription registries. […] Data indicate that CD is the most common cause of CIF, representing 22.4–30% of cases, although a decline has been reported over the last few decades. […] The management of SBS and CIF requires a multidisciplinary team, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, nutritionists, psychotherapists, and home-care nurses. […] The introduction of TED therapy has positively influenced the clinical outcomes for many patients with SBS related to CIF and CD, as demonstrated in both clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • #45 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    A multidisciplinary approach consisting of physicians, surgeons, dietitians, nurses, and social workers experienced in the care of patients with intestinal failure is helpful for the optimal management of this patient population. […] The hydration status is often neglected in the SBS patient population. […] However, fluid and electrolyte abnormalities are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in patients with ostomies. […] Maintaining hydration status is a central component in the care of the patient with SBS. […] The degree of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities occurring in SBS varies depending upon the remaining bowel anatomy, specifically the length, location, and presence of disease in the residual small bowel and the presence of a colon in continuity. […] A good practice for clinicians who are planning to discharge a SBS patient without intravenous (IV) fluids is to stop all IV fluids at least 2 days prior to discharge in order to monitor urine output and ensure that these goals can be achieved.
  • #46 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    However, the scarcity and low reliability of available data on the epidemiology and management of SBS and CIF in CD patients complicate the definition of the overall impact of these diseases and might obscure potential management deficits. […] Our study estimates the prevalence of short bowel syndrome (SBS) and chronic intestinal failure (CIF) to be around 1% among inflammatory bowel disease centers in Italy, with a higher percentage observed in academic centers. […] The current practices for diagnosing and managing SBS and CIF in Crohn’s disease are suboptimal, with the low rate of direct residual bowel measurement potentially leading to the underdiagnosis of these conditions. […] Confirming these results with cross-sectional epidemiological studies would support prompt interventions to improve clinical practices and healthcare policies for managing these conditions in Italy.
  • #47 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life, and high health care costs. Managing the patient with SBS requires an understanding of gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology; a dedicated multidisciplinary team; and the coordination of dietary, fluid, pharmacologic, and comorbid disease management. […] In patients with SBS who are receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition (PN), 2- and 5-year survival rates have been reported to be up to 80% and 70%, respectively. […] Factors affecting survival with SBS include the anatomy and function of the remaining bowel, the age of the patient, the primary disease process, comorbid diseases, the presence of chronic intestinal obstruction, and the experience of the management team.
  • #48 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life, and high health care costs. Managing the patient with SBS requires an understanding of gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology; a dedicated multidisciplinary team; and the coordination of dietary, fluid, pharmacologic, and comorbid disease management. […] In patients with SBS who are receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition (PN), 2- and 5-year survival rates have been reported to be up to 80% and 70%, respectively. […] Factors affecting survival with SBS include the anatomy and function of the remaining bowel, the age of the patient, the primary disease process, comorbid diseases, the presence of chronic intestinal obstruction, and the experience of the management team.
  • #49 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    Dependency on PN at 1, 2, and 5 years in patients with SBS was reported in 74%, 64%, and 48% of patients, respectively. […] The presence of a colon and the remaining length of functional small bowel (<50-70 cm with the colon in continuity or <100-150 cm when the colon is absent) are the most critical factors predicting permanent need of PN. [...] Management goals include reducing the dependence on PN, the severity of SBS symptoms, and the development of complications associated with SBS. [...] The clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment of SBS vary depending upon the remaining bowel anatomy and its residual function. [...] Because of differences in the ability to undergo adaptation, patients with an ileal remnant have a better prognosis of survival than patients with only a portion of the jejunum remaining.
  • #50 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    Dependency on PN at 1, 2, and 5 years in patients with SBS was reported in 74%, 64%, and 48% of patients, respectively. […] The presence of a colon and the remaining length of functional small bowel (<50-70 cm with the colon in continuity or <100-150 cm when the colon is absent) are the most critical factors predicting permanent need of PN. [...] Management goals include reducing the dependence on PN, the severity of SBS symptoms, and the development of complications associated with SBS. [...] The clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment of SBS vary depending upon the remaining bowel anatomy and its residual function. [...] Because of differences in the ability to undergo adaptation, patients with an ileal remnant have a better prognosis of survival than patients with only a portion of the jejunum remaining.
  • #51 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    Dependency on PN at 1, 2, and 5 years in patients with SBS was reported in 74%, 64%, and 48% of patients, respectively. […] The presence of a colon and the remaining length of functional small bowel (<50-70 cm with the colon in continuity or <100-150 cm when the colon is absent) are the most critical factors predicting permanent need of PN. [...] Management goals include reducing the dependence on PN, the severity of SBS symptoms, and the development of complications associated with SBS. [...] The clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment of SBS vary depending upon the remaining bowel anatomy and its residual function. [...] Because of differences in the ability to undergo adaptation, patients with an ileal remnant have a better prognosis of survival than patients with only a portion of the jejunum remaining.
  • #52 Parenteral nutrition: a life–saving intervention for 4 months in short bowel syndrome—a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-024-04442-1
    In cases of short bowel syndrome (SBS), the residual length of the intestine is measured from the duodenojejunal flexure to either the ileocecal junction, the site of any small bowel-colon anastomosis, or the location of the end-ostomy. SBS patients can be classified into three groups based on the presence or absence of residual colon: Group 1, with end-jejunostomy; Group 2, with the jejunum anastomosed to partial colon (jejuno-colic anastomosis); and Group 3, with jejuno-ileo-colic anastomosis, retaining the entire colon and ileocecal valve. It is essential to emphasize that the third group demonstrates the most favorable prognosis for survival, while the first group presents the least favorable outcome, encompassing patients with the most severe condition. […] The primary goals for patients with SBS involve restoring intestinal integrity and enhancing the function of the remaining intestine through specialized lengthening or narrowing surgeries, aiming to reduce reliance on PN. Each bowel restorative surgery is individually customized. Whenever feasible, the restoration of intestinal continuity, such as re-anastomosis of the small intestine with the colon, should be performed.
  • #53 Parenteral nutrition: a life–saving intervention for 4 months in short bowel syndrome—a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-024-04442-1
    In cases of short bowel syndrome (SBS), the residual length of the intestine is measured from the duodenojejunal flexure to either the ileocecal junction, the site of any small bowel-colon anastomosis, or the location of the end-ostomy. SBS patients can be classified into three groups based on the presence or absence of residual colon: Group 1, with end-jejunostomy; Group 2, with the jejunum anastomosed to partial colon (jejuno-colic anastomosis); and Group 3, with jejuno-ileo-colic anastomosis, retaining the entire colon and ileocecal valve. It is essential to emphasize that the third group demonstrates the most favorable prognosis for survival, while the first group presents the least favorable outcome, encompassing patients with the most severe condition. […] The primary goals for patients with SBS involve restoring intestinal integrity and enhancing the function of the remaining intestine through specialized lengthening or narrowing surgeries, aiming to reduce reliance on PN. Each bowel restorative surgery is individually customized. Whenever feasible, the restoration of intestinal continuity, such as re-anastomosis of the small intestine with the colon, should be performed.
  • #54 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    The presence of the colon is beneficial in SBS given its ability to absorb water, electrolytes, and fatty acids; slow intestinal transit; and stimulate intestinal adaptation. […] SBS patients with an end jejunostomy are generally the most difficult to manage and are the most likely to require permanent parenteral support. […] The treatment of SBS has evolved in recent years such that the reduction or elimination of PN requirements in formerly PN-dependent patients is now a reality. […] Attaining independence from PN can sometimes be accomplished by incorporating a multidisciplinary approach that includes alterations in diet and fluid intake in order to stimulate intestinal adaptation and optimize intestinal absorption, the use of pharmacologic agents to control symptoms and improve quality of life, and the strategic application of novel intestinotrophic agents and surgery when appropriate.
  • #55 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    The presence of the colon is beneficial in SBS given its ability to absorb water, electrolytes, and fatty acids; slow intestinal transit; and stimulate intestinal adaptation. […] SBS patients with an end jejunostomy are generally the most difficult to manage and are the most likely to require permanent parenteral support. […] The treatment of SBS has evolved in recent years such that the reduction or elimination of PN requirements in formerly PN-dependent patients is now a reality. […] Attaining independence from PN can sometimes be accomplished by incorporating a multidisciplinary approach that includes alterations in diet and fluid intake in order to stimulate intestinal adaptation and optimize intestinal absorption, the use of pharmacologic agents to control symptoms and improve quality of life, and the strategic application of novel intestinotrophic agents and surgery when appropriate.
  • #56 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    The presence of the colon is beneficial in SBS given its ability to absorb water, electrolytes, and fatty acids; slow intestinal transit; and stimulate intestinal adaptation. […] SBS patients with an end jejunostomy are generally the most difficult to manage and are the most likely to require permanent parenteral support. […] The treatment of SBS has evolved in recent years such that the reduction or elimination of PN requirements in formerly PN-dependent patients is now a reality. […] Attaining independence from PN can sometimes be accomplished by incorporating a multidisciplinary approach that includes alterations in diet and fluid intake in order to stimulate intestinal adaptation and optimize intestinal absorption, the use of pharmacologic agents to control symptoms and improve quality of life, and the strategic application of novel intestinotrophic agents and surgery when appropriate.
  • #57 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    The presence of the colon is beneficial in SBS given its ability to absorb water, electrolytes, and fatty acids; slow intestinal transit; and stimulate intestinal adaptation. […] SBS patients with an end jejunostomy are generally the most difficult to manage and are the most likely to require permanent parenteral support. […] The treatment of SBS has evolved in recent years such that the reduction or elimination of PN requirements in formerly PN-dependent patients is now a reality. […] Attaining independence from PN can sometimes be accomplished by incorporating a multidisciplinary approach that includes alterations in diet and fluid intake in order to stimulate intestinal adaptation and optimize intestinal absorption, the use of pharmacologic agents to control symptoms and improve quality of life, and the strategic application of novel intestinotrophic agents and surgery when appropriate.
  • #58 The Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Short Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Intestinal Failure in Crohn’s Disease in Italy: An IG-IBD Survey
    https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3311
    The median estimated prevalence of CIF among small bowel CD patients was 1%, and it was significantly higher in academic centers (2.0% [IQR 1–5%] vs. 0.13% [IQR 0–1%], p = 0.02). […] The estimated prevalence of CIF in CD patients with small bowel involvement in Italy is 1%. […] Precise epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of both CIF and SBS are uncertain, as they are often derived from parenteral nutrition (PN) prescription registries. […] Data indicate that CD is the most common cause of CIF, representing 22.4–30% of cases, although a decline has been reported over the last few decades. […] The management of SBS and CIF requires a multidisciplinary team, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, nutritionists, psychotherapists, and home-care nurses. […] The introduction of TED therapy has positively influenced the clinical outcomes for many patients with SBS related to CIF and CD, as demonstrated in both clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • #59 Managing the Adult Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome – Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/october-2017/managing-the-adult-patient-with-short-bowel-syndrome/
    The combination of bowel dilatation and altered transit frequently seen in patients with SBS is thought to facilitate the development of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO). […] High-quality evidence supporting the use of pre-biotic, probiotic, and synbiotic agents in SBBO in adults is lacking; however, their benefit in the pediatric SBS population has been described. […] An overarching goal when treating a patient with SBS who requires parenteral support is to reduce or, whenever possible, eliminate its use. […] More than 50% of adults with SBS are able to be weaned completely from PN within 5 years of diagnosis. […] Fewer than 6% will wean from PN using conventional methods if independence is not achieved in the first 2 years following resection. […] The choice of surgery is influenced by the existing bowel length, function, and caliber, and can be divided into procedures that optimize function (eg, lengthen, taper) or slow transit (eg, reversed segment). […] A coordinated approach including dietary and fluid modifications, symptom-based conventional medications, selective use of intestinotrophic agents and surgery, and comorbid disease management, ideally by a multidisciplinary team, is important for the successful management of SBS.
  • #60 Epidemiology, management and outcome of ultrashort bowel syndrome in infancy | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
    https://fn.bmj.com/content/102/6/F551
    There have been considerable advances in medical management of intestinal failure over the last 10-15 years with coordinated care being provided by multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation teams. […] The incidence of USBS is increasing and forms approximately a quarter of patients with SBS managed in any intestinal rehabilitation programme. […] The literature on paediatric USBS is scarce and long-term outcomes data in this group from the most recent era of multidisciplinary intestinal failure management are limited.