Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Hip Labrum Tears and Injuries | Orthopedic Hip Service

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_labral-tears-hip.asp

  A labral tear of the hip is an injury of the hip labrum. This tough, crescent-shaped cartilage structure lines the rim of the hip socket (called the acetabulum), which is located in the pelvic bone. The labrum is an additional, specialized piece of cartilage that runs along the rim of the socket to provide a suction seal and stability to the hip joint, absorbing shock and distributing pressure during hip motion. The hip labrum may become torn or even detached from the acetabular socket for a variety of reasons. […] A torn labrum can be caused by: Repetitive motions over time that lead to „wear and tear.” A traumatic injury. It is especially common in athletes who perform repeated hip flexion and sudden impact on the hips, such as runners, hockey players, soccer players and football players.

• #2 Hip Labral Tears Treatment Chicago, IL | Hip Impingement & Instability Chicago, IL

  https://www.americanhipinstitute.com/labral-tears.html

  The hip labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of your hip joint. […] However, injury and trauma, repetitive motions, osteoarthritis, and structural abnormalities can cause tears in your labrum. […] it is crucial to understand the various factors that can lead to the tearing of this supportive cartilage structure. […] Thus, a hip labral tear refers to the damage to this ring of cartilage between the ball and socket of your hip joint. When this structure is damaged or torn, it can cause inflammation and impact the nerves in the hip joint, causing one to experience pain and other symptoms. The disruption of the hips suction seal also causes the joint to lose its lubrication and stability, compromising the articular cartilage and potentially accelerating the progression of arthritis.

• #3 Hip Labral Tear | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/hip-labral-tear

  A hip labral tear is an injury to the joint’s soft tissues. The acetabulum is lined with strong protective cartilage called the labrum. The labrum forms a gasket around the socket, a seal that helps stabilize the joint. When the labrum tears, the tissue can get pinched between the femoral head and the acetabulum, causing pain when the hip joint rotates or flexes. […] Labral tears can result from structural problems in the hip, injuries or degenerative conditions, such as arthritis. The problem is especially common in athletes who perform repeated hip flexion (the motion of bringing the knee toward the chest), such as runners, hockey players, soccer players and football players. […] The initial treatment plan for a labral tear usually comprises a period of rest, use of anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, are helpful in decreasing the inflammation and pain associated with a labral tear. Sometimes corticosteroid injections are used to alleviate inflammation and discomfort. […] But those whose pain continues despite conservative treatments may benefit from arthroscopic surgery to repair the damaged labrum (an arthroscope is an endoscope for joints).

• #4 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #5 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19468871/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] The hip labrum has many functions, including shock absorption, joint lubrication, pressure distribution, and aiding in stability, with damage to the labrum associated with osteoarthritis.

• #6 Hip Labral Tears – KinectMD Podcast

  https://www.kelechiokorohamd.com/blog/hip-labral-tears-kinectmd-podcast-26240.html

  Labral tears can happen in multiple different situations. They can occur from traumatic injury, for example an athlete who has a hip dislocation or a subluxation however that occurs less commonly. More commonly there is a bony abnormality, either a patient has femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) where there is extra bone on either that femoral head/neck or that socket or there is hip dysplasia, where there is not enough coverage of that femoral head on the acetabulum. […] Another function of the labrum is it acts as a suction seal and resists distraction of the femoral head from the socket. The cartilage works well in dispersing compressive loads however it doesn’t function well against shear forces. So if that hip is unstable and the femoral head is gliding in and out that’s causing shear forces on the cartilage, that can lead to cartilage wear and arthritis.

• #7 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #8 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #9

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #10 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #11

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #12 Hip Labral Tear – WikiMSK

  https://wikimsk.org/wiki/Hip_Labral_Tear

  There are two general mechanisms of injury to the acetabular labrum. […] Traumatic tears: A single event of significant trauma. This normally involves forced resistance of hip flexion while kicking or running (for example in Rugby). […] Degenerative tears: Repetititve injury and microtrauma in an osteoarthritic, dysplastic hip or in a hip with FAI. […] Pathology normally occurs in the weightbearing anterosuperior aspect of the labrum. […] There are several thoughts as to the reasons for this prediliction. There is reduced thickness of the anterior labrum. Femoroacetabular impingement normally causes anterior impingement. Repetitive twisting and pivoting is a factor. Owing to anteversion of the acetabulum, there is reduced bony support anteriorly which may also increase the shear forces on the labrum. Increased forces are also placed on the anterior labrum during the final stages of the stance phase of gait and in more than 5 degrees of hip extension.

• #13 Labral Tears | Gorav Datta

  https://goravdatta.com/labral-tears/

  The Labrum can tear either as a result of a […] Chronic injury from repetitive use and activity. These tears are referred to as degenerative tears or a labral detachment. This is the most common mechanism, and results from hip impingement where excess bone on the ball of the hip (a spur or CAM lesion) rubs against the labrum and causes a tear or detachment. […] Acute injury following a fall or sports injury. These are referred to as traumatic tears and are commonly the result of sudden twisting movements.

• #14

  https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3097/hip-labral-tear

  A hip labral tear is a traumatic tear of the acetabular labrum, mostly common seen in acetabular dysplasia, that may lead to symptoms of internal snapping hip as well hip locking with hip range of motion. […] Pathophysiology includes femoroacetabular impingement. […] Hip dysplasia can lead to a floppy labrum more susceptible to tearing. […] Trauma, such as hip dislocations/subluxations, are a common cause. […] Capsular laxity results in increased translational forces across the labrum due to joint hypermobility. […] Joint degeneration causes acetabular edge loading.

• #15 Hip Labral Tears and Flexibility Training Part 1

  https://www.airspaceperth.com.au/blog/hip-labral-tears-and-flexibility-training-part-1

  The usual mechanism for an acute labral tear is loaded rotation, with extension plus external rotation as the mechanism for the more common anterior labral tear. This generally co-occurs with subluxation or dislocation of the hip joint. […] More commonly, labral tears result from wear, which is why prevalence increases with age and Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), a condition in which extra bone grows around the joint line of the hip. Cam deformities, in particular, are associated with excess wear to the labrum. […] While there are factors that increase the risk of Labral tears they are widespread in the general population.

• #16 Hip Labral Tear – WikiMSK

  https://wikimsk.org/wiki/Hip_Labral_Tear

  There are two general mechanisms of injury to the acetabular labrum. […] Traumatic tears: A single event of significant trauma. This normally involves forced resistance of hip flexion while kicking or running (for example in Rugby). […] Degenerative tears: Repetititve injury and microtrauma in an osteoarthritic, dysplastic hip or in a hip with FAI. […] Pathology normally occurs in the weightbearing anterosuperior aspect of the labrum. […] There are several thoughts as to the reasons for this prediliction. There is reduced thickness of the anterior labrum. Femoroacetabular impingement normally causes anterior impingement. Repetitive twisting and pivoting is a factor. Owing to anteversion of the acetabulum, there is reduced bony support anteriorly which may also increase the shear forces on the labrum. Increased forces are also placed on the anterior labrum during the final stages of the stance phase of gait and in more than 5 degrees of hip extension.

• #17 5 Signs of a Labral Tear | Joshua D. Harris

  https://joshuaharrismd.com/5-signs-of-a-labral-tear/

  The most common cause of a labral tear is femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Other less common causes include acetabular dysplasia and hip instability. […] One of the functions of the labrum is to allow the hip joint to move smoothly. If the labrum is torn, the joint can become irritated and inflamed, leading to pain in the joint, the groin area, or even extending into your buttocks. […] Labral tears tend to affect how far your hip can swing and move. Many people with a labral tear will find their range of motion is limited, or they might have some stiffness when they try to use their hips even when trying to stand, sit, or climb stairs. […] When the smooth movement of the ball-and-socket mechanism is interrupted by torn tissue, it can cause clicking noises when the joint is used. […] Your hip joint relies on the labrum to hold the ball inside the socket. If the labrum is torn, you might notice your hip feels weak, or your leg feels like its about to give way when placing weight on your leg. […] The labrum’s smooth surface helps your hip joint rotate and bend smoothly, too. If the labrum is torn, you might notice a sticking or catching sensation when you bend or flex your hip.

• #18 Hip Labral Tears and Femoroacetabular Impingement A Frequent cause of Non-Arthritic Hip Pain – Derek Ochiai, MD | Nirschl Orthopaedic Center

  https://www.nirschl.com/hip-labral-tears-and-femoroacetabular-impingement-a-frequent-cause-of-non-arthritic-hip-pain-derek-ochiai-md/

  Hip labral tears have been diagnosed with increasing frequency. […] This article discussing a frequent cause of non-arthritic hip pain, specifically hip labral tears and Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI). […] Most labral tears happen because of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI). This is a condition that develops usually in a patients early teen years, where the hip joint is not a perfectly round on round joint in certain hip positions, such as flexion or rotation. This out of round conflict puts increased stress on the labrum, and over time, the labrum can tear. […] Since most hip labral tears coexist with FAI, their symptoms overlap greatly. […] Some hip labral tears happen traumatically, from a single one-time trauma, such as a car accident or fall from a height.

• #19 Hip Labral Tear: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17756-hip-labral-tear

  Hip labral tears happen when something damages the labrum. […] The most common causes include: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI): FAI happens when your hip joint naturally doesn’t fit together as it should. If the bones don’t come together properly, they put extra pressure on your hip labrum. Eventually, that pressure and any friction can tear the labrum. Providers also call FAI hip impingement. […] No, hip labral tears can’t heal on their own. Surgery is the only way to repair a torn hip labrum. Some tears are so small that they don’t cause pain or other symptoms, but even those won’t heal without surgical repair.

• #20 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #21 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  Pincer-type FAI is the result of abutment of the femoral head-neck junction on the acetabular rim due to acetabular overcoverage causing pinching of the labrum between the femur and acetabulum. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum. […] Labral tears have been well documented in people with hip dysplasia. […] In this latter group of patients, structural abnormalities about the hip such as a decreased anterior head-neck offset of the proximal femur and/or local or general acetabular overcoverage may result in FAI and subsequent soft tissue failure. […] McCarthy et al. proposed the following sequence of events: traction or impingement (such as that from FAI or DDH) leads to excessive loading of the labrum at the extremes of joint motion, which leads to fraying along the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to tearing of the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to delamination of the articular cartilage, which produces a cartilage flap adjacent to the labral lesion and eventually more global labral and chondral pathology. […] Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears.

• #22 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  Pincer-type FAI is the result of abutment of the femoral head-neck junction on the acetabular rim due to acetabular overcoverage causing pinching of the labrum between the femur and acetabulum. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum. […] Labral tears have been well documented in people with hip dysplasia. […] In this latter group of patients, structural abnormalities about the hip such as a decreased anterior head-neck offset of the proximal femur and/or local or general acetabular overcoverage may result in FAI and subsequent soft tissue failure. […] McCarthy et al. proposed the following sequence of events: traction or impingement (such as that from FAI or DDH) leads to excessive loading of the labrum at the extremes of joint motion, which leads to fraying along the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to tearing of the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to delamination of the articular cartilage, which produces a cartilage flap adjacent to the labral lesion and eventually more global labral and chondral pathology. […] Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears.

• #23

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #24 Labral Tears Of The Hip And Fai – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/labral-tears-of-the-hip-and-fai/

  Hip dysplasia and capsular laxity are associated with labral tears, likely by exposing the labrum to abnormal forces. […] Femoroacetabular impingement anatomy is also associated with labral tears. It is important to distinguish between “femoroacetabular impingement anatomy” –that is, the anatomic morphological deviance from normal– and the clinical syndrome of femoroacetabular impingement, which is the combination of the characteristic anatomy and clinical symptoms. Many people have femoroacetabular impingement anatomy without symptoms. […] Cam impingement is characterized by a non-spherical femoral head and decreased head-neck offset. During hip flexion, the aspherical femoral head can make contact that shears the acetabular cartilage and the labrum. Labral damage in Cam deformity most often occurs anterosuperiorly, at the transition zone where the labrum blends into the hyaline cartilage.

• #25 Labral Tears Of The Hip And Fai – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/labral-tears-of-the-hip-and-fai/

  Pincer impingement is due to acetabular overgrowth and “over-coverage” of the femur. Abnormal contact between the overgrown acetabular rim and femoral head-neck junction leads to tears within the substance of the labrum. Pincer-associated labral tears are also most often in the anterosuperior quadrant of the labrum, though a so-called contrecoup cartilage lesion in the posteroinferior acetabulum may be found as well. […] Most patients with labral tears (85% or more) have some radiographic abnormality. That is to say, labral tears are rarely found in hips with normal bony anatomy. Thus, while normalcy does not exclude the diagnosis, it makes it less likely. […] (Note that the finding that most patients with labral tears have some radiographic abnormality does not mean that these abnormalities cause the tear. For one thing, there may be many people with these abnormalities that do not have a tear. The other possibility is that the radiographic abnormality, e.g. bone overgrowth, is caused by the labral tear, and not the other way around.)

• #26 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  Pincer-type FAI is the result of abutment of the femoral head-neck junction on the acetabular rim due to acetabular overcoverage causing pinching of the labrum between the femur and acetabulum. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum. […] Labral tears have been well documented in people with hip dysplasia. […] In this latter group of patients, structural abnormalities about the hip such as a decreased anterior head-neck offset of the proximal femur and/or local or general acetabular overcoverage may result in FAI and subsequent soft tissue failure. […] McCarthy et al. proposed the following sequence of events: traction or impingement (such as that from FAI or DDH) leads to excessive loading of the labrum at the extremes of joint motion, which leads to fraying along the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to tearing of the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to delamination of the articular cartilage, which produces a cartilage flap adjacent to the labral lesion and eventually more global labral and chondral pathology. […] Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears.

• #27 Hip Labral Tear Risk Factors and Causes

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hip-injuries/hip-labral-tear-risk-factors-and-causes

  The primary cause of a hip labral tear is increased stress on the labrum from an underlying hip condition. […] The hip labrum may become inflamed or tear due to sudden trauma or increased stress from an underlying hip condition. […] The hip labrum can become thin, fray, tear, or fully detach due to one or more of the following 5 causes: Hip impingement (femoroacetabular impingement), a condition where the hip joints ball and/or socket grow excess bone, causing abnormal contact between the two bones, and over time, leading to labral friction, fatigue, and tearing. […] Hip dysplasia, an inherited condition where the hip socket is shallow and doesn’t fully hold the ball portion of the thigh bone. Over time, hip instability and increased stress on the joint contribute to a labral tear. […] Trauma, which includes: Repetitive micro-trauma from activities or sports that involve running, twisting, and/or pivoting motions, causing the labrum to wear and tear.

• #28

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #29

  https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3097/hip-labral-tear

  A hip labral tear is a traumatic tear of the acetabular labrum, mostly common seen in acetabular dysplasia, that may lead to symptoms of internal snapping hip as well hip locking with hip range of motion. […] Pathophysiology includes femoroacetabular impingement. […] Hip dysplasia can lead to a floppy labrum more susceptible to tearing. […] Trauma, such as hip dislocations/subluxations, are a common cause. […] Capsular laxity results in increased translational forces across the labrum due to joint hypermobility. […] Joint degeneration causes acetabular edge loading.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #31

  https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3097/hip-labral-tear

  A hip labral tear is a traumatic tear of the acetabular labrum, mostly common seen in acetabular dysplasia, that may lead to symptoms of internal snapping hip as well hip locking with hip range of motion. […] Pathophysiology includes femoroacetabular impingement. […] Hip dysplasia can lead to a floppy labrum more susceptible to tearing. […] Trauma, such as hip dislocations/subluxations, are a common cause. […] Capsular laxity results in increased translational forces across the labrum due to joint hypermobility. […] Joint degeneration causes acetabular edge loading.

• #32 Hip Labral Tear Risk Factors and Causes

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hip-injuries/hip-labral-tear-risk-factors-and-causes

  Sudden trauma or injury, from motor vehicle accidents, tripping, falling, or contact sports, where the ball and socket portions of the hip dislodge, leading to a tear or detachment of the labrum. […] Capsular laxity or hip hypermobility due to collagen or hormonal disorders, which make the hip joint excessively mobile and cause extreme stretching and tearing of the labrum during hip or leg movements. […] Degeneration of the hip joint (such as in hip osteoarthritis) and labrum cartilage due to aging.

• #33 Hip Labral Tears – KinectMD Podcast

  https://www.kelechiokorohamd.com/blog/hip-labral-tears-kinectmd-podcast-26240.html

  Genetic orders such as Marfans syndrome and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome can lead to Hip instability. When the hip is unstable, there is decreased coverage of the femoral head and decreased contact area. This increases the stress on different areas of the bone and that could be a risk factor for labral tears and hip instability.

• #34 Hip Labral Tear Risk Factors and Causes

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hip-injuries/hip-labral-tear-risk-factors-and-causes

  Sudden trauma or injury, from motor vehicle accidents, tripping, falling, or contact sports, where the ball and socket portions of the hip dislodge, leading to a tear or detachment of the labrum. […] Capsular laxity or hip hypermobility due to collagen or hormonal disorders, which make the hip joint excessively mobile and cause extreme stretching and tearing of the labrum during hip or leg movements. […] Degeneration of the hip joint (such as in hip osteoarthritis) and labrum cartilage due to aging.

• #35 Hip Labral Tears – KinectMD Podcast

  https://www.kelechiokorohamd.com/blog/hip-labral-tears-kinectmd-podcast-26240.html

  Genetic orders such as Marfans syndrome and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome can lead to Hip instability. When the hip is unstable, there is decreased coverage of the femoral head and decreased contact area. This increases the stress on different areas of the bone and that could be a risk factor for labral tears and hip instability.

• #36 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  Pincer-type FAI is the result of abutment of the femoral head-neck junction on the acetabular rim due to acetabular overcoverage causing pinching of the labrum between the femur and acetabulum. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum. […] Labral tears have been well documented in people with hip dysplasia. […] In this latter group of patients, structural abnormalities about the hip such as a decreased anterior head-neck offset of the proximal femur and/or local or general acetabular overcoverage may result in FAI and subsequent soft tissue failure. […] McCarthy et al. proposed the following sequence of events: traction or impingement (such as that from FAI or DDH) leads to excessive loading of the labrum at the extremes of joint motion, which leads to fraying along the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to tearing of the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to delamination of the articular cartilage, which produces a cartilage flap adjacent to the labral lesion and eventually more global labral and chondral pathology. […] Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears.

• #37

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears. […] It has been suggested that these tears may represent the natural history of the aged joint, as labral abnormalities have been found in patients without hip pain with the incidence increasing with age. […] The overall reported complication rate with arthroscopy of the hip ranges from 1.4% to 25%.

• #38

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears. […] It has been suggested that these tears may represent the natural history of the aged joint, as labral abnormalities have been found in patients without hip pain with the incidence increasing with age. […] The overall reported complication rate with arthroscopy of the hip ranges from 1.4% to 25%.

• #39 Hip Labral Tear Risk Factors and Causes

  https://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/hip-injuries/hip-labral-tear-risk-factors-and-causes

  Sudden trauma or injury, from motor vehicle accidents, tripping, falling, or contact sports, where the ball and socket portions of the hip dislodge, leading to a tear or detachment of the labrum. […] Capsular laxity or hip hypermobility due to collagen or hormonal disorders, which make the hip joint excessively mobile and cause extreme stretching and tearing of the labrum during hip or leg movements. […] Degeneration of the hip joint (such as in hip osteoarthritis) and labrum cartilage due to aging.

• #40

  https://www.orthobullets.com/knee-and-sports/3097/hip-labral-tear

  A hip labral tear is a traumatic tear of the acetabular labrum, mostly common seen in acetabular dysplasia, that may lead to symptoms of internal snapping hip as well hip locking with hip range of motion. […] Pathophysiology includes femoroacetabular impingement. […] Hip dysplasia can lead to a floppy labrum more susceptible to tearing. […] Trauma, such as hip dislocations/subluxations, are a common cause. […] Capsular laxity results in increased translational forces across the labrum due to joint hypermobility. […] Joint degeneration causes acetabular edge loading.

• #41

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears. […] It has been suggested that these tears may represent the natural history of the aged joint, as labral abnormalities have been found in patients without hip pain with the incidence increasing with age. […] The overall reported complication rate with arthroscopy of the hip ranges from 1.4% to 25%.

• #42 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  Pincer-type FAI is the result of abutment of the femoral head-neck junction on the acetabular rim due to acetabular overcoverage causing pinching of the labrum between the femur and acetabulum. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum. […] Labral tears have been well documented in people with hip dysplasia. […] In this latter group of patients, structural abnormalities about the hip such as a decreased anterior head-neck offset of the proximal femur and/or local or general acetabular overcoverage may result in FAI and subsequent soft tissue failure. […] McCarthy et al. proposed the following sequence of events: traction or impingement (such as that from FAI or DDH) leads to excessive loading of the labrum at the extremes of joint motion, which leads to fraying along the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to tearing of the articular margin of the labrum, which leads to delamination of the articular cartilage, which produces a cartilage flap adjacent to the labral lesion and eventually more global labral and chondral pathology. […] Degeneration is the final described etiology of labral tears.

• #43 Hip Labral Tears – Peter Howard

  https://peterhowardmd.com/hip-labral-tears/

  If not treated as early as possible, labral tears can worsen and lead to greater pain and mobility issues. Untreated cases increase your risk of developing other painful and movement-restricting problems like arthritis. […] Hip labral tears do not improve on their own. Some type of medical treatment will be required to ease associated symptoms or prevent worsening. […] More serious tears may need surgery. The three most common surgical procedures include: Debridement: During this process, surgeons take out a small part of the labrum. This procedure is often undertaken to ease the pressure placed on nearby structures by damaged labral tissue. […] Repair: Known medically as refixation, surgeons sew pieces of damaged labral tissue back together. […] Reconstruction: Reconstruction is usually the most in-depth procedure. This involves replacing damaged labral tissue with cartilage found in other body parts or tissue donors.

• #44 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #45 Hip Labral Tears Treatment Chicago, IL | Hip Impingement & Instability Chicago, IL

  https://www.americanhipinstitute.com/labral-tears.html

  The hip labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of your hip joint. […] However, injury and trauma, repetitive motions, osteoarthritis, and structural abnormalities can cause tears in your labrum. […] it is crucial to understand the various factors that can lead to the tearing of this supportive cartilage structure. […] Thus, a hip labral tear refers to the damage to this ring of cartilage between the ball and socket of your hip joint. When this structure is damaged or torn, it can cause inflammation and impact the nerves in the hip joint, causing one to experience pain and other symptoms. The disruption of the hips suction seal also causes the joint to lose its lubrication and stability, compromising the articular cartilage and potentially accelerating the progression of arthritis.

• #46 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #47 Hip Labral Tears > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/hip-labral-tears

  A hip labral tear occurs when the labrum of the hip tears or detaches from the rim of the acetabulum. […] A torn labrum can cause hip instability and can also reduce the labrum’s capacity to absorb shocks and keep fluid within the joint. These problems can increase the stress on the cartilage that lines the head of the femur and acetabulum, raising the risk for developing osteoarthritis in the affected hip. […] Labral tears may be caused by the following: Abnormally shaped bones in the hip joint. In people with certain hip disorders, the bones in the hip joint are not shaped properly, which can increase stress on the labrum and lead to tears. For instance, in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), also known as hip impingement, excess bone growth occurs on the head of the femur, the rim of the acetabulum, or both. When the hip flexes, rather than gliding smoothly over, the bones collide against each other, pinching and compressing the labrum, which over time, can result in tears. FAI is the most common cause of labral tears. […] Degeneration of hip joint. The hip can degenerate over time, as people age, due to wear and tear on the joint. It’s worth noting that degenerative tears of the labrum are often not well-treated with arthroscopic surgery.

• #48 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #49

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #50 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #51 Hip Labral Tears – KinectMD Podcast

  https://www.kelechiokorohamd.com/blog/hip-labral-tears-kinectmd-podcast-26240.html

  Labral tears can happen in multiple different situations. They can occur from traumatic injury, for example an athlete who has a hip dislocation or a subluxation however that occurs less commonly. More commonly there is a bony abnormality, either a patient has femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) where there is extra bone on either that femoral head/neck or that socket or there is hip dysplasia, where there is not enough coverage of that femoral head on the acetabulum. […] Another function of the labrum is it acts as a suction seal and resists distraction of the femoral head from the socket. The cartilage works well in dispersing compressive loads however it doesn’t function well against shear forces. So if that hip is unstable and the femoral head is gliding in and out that’s causing shear forces on the cartilage, that can lead to cartilage wear and arthritis.

• #52 Hip Labral Tears Treatment Chicago, IL | Hip Impingement & Instability Chicago, IL

  https://www.americanhipinstitute.com/labral-tears.html

  The hip labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of your hip joint. […] However, injury and trauma, repetitive motions, osteoarthritis, and structural abnormalities can cause tears in your labrum. […] it is crucial to understand the various factors that can lead to the tearing of this supportive cartilage structure. […] Thus, a hip labral tear refers to the damage to this ring of cartilage between the ball and socket of your hip joint. When this structure is damaged or torn, it can cause inflammation and impact the nerves in the hip joint, causing one to experience pain and other symptoms. The disruption of the hips suction seal also causes the joint to lose its lubrication and stability, compromising the articular cartilage and potentially accelerating the progression of arthritis.

• #53 Hip labral tear – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-labral-tear/symptoms-causes/syc-20354873

  A hip labral tear involves the ring of cartilage (labrum) that follows the outside rim of the hip joint socket. […] Athletes who participate in sports such as ice hockey, soccer, football, golf and ballet are at higher risk of developing hip labral tears. Structural problems of the hip also can lead to a hip labral tear. […] The cause of a hip labral tear might be: […] Structural problems. Some people are born with hip issues that can accelerate wear and tear of the joint and eventually cause a hip labral tear. This can include having a socket that doesn’t fully cover the ball portion of the upper thigh bone (dysplasia) or a shallow socket, which can put more stress on the labrum. […] Extra bone in the hip, called femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), can also cause pinching of the labrum, which can lead to tearing over time. […] Participating in certain activities that involve repetitive or twisting motions can increase the risk of a hip labral tear. These include sports such as ballet, golf and swimming. Playing contact sports such as football and hockey also increase the risk of hip injuries, including hip labral tears.

• #54 About Hip Labrum Tears and Injuries | Orthopedic Hip Service

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_labral-tears-hip.asp

  A labral tear of the hip is an injury of the hip labrum. This tough, crescent-shaped cartilage structure lines the rim of the hip socket (called the acetabulum), which is located in the pelvic bone. The labrum is an additional, specialized piece of cartilage that runs along the rim of the socket to provide a suction seal and stability to the hip joint, absorbing shock and distributing pressure during hip motion. The hip labrum may become torn or even detached from the acetabular socket for a variety of reasons. […] A torn labrum can be caused by: Repetitive motions over time that lead to „wear and tear.” A traumatic injury. It is especially common in athletes who perform repeated hip flexion and sudden impact on the hips, such as runners, hockey players, soccer players and football players.

• #55 About Hip Labrum Tears and Injuries | Orthopedic Hip Service

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_labral-tears-hip.asp

  People with other conditions of the hip can be especially susceptible to labral tears. These include: Hip impingement (also known as femoroacetabular impingement), a condition in which there is abnormal contact between the ball and socket of the hip, due to a deformity of either the femoral head or the acetabulum. Osteoarthritis of the hip, a degeneration of the cartilage, which can lead to rough, bone on bone contact in the hip.

• #56 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #57 Hip Impingement and Labral Tears | Florida Orthopedics

  https://www.floridaortho.com/specialties/hip-thigh/hip-impingement-labral-tears/

  Your hip is critical to your ability to stand, walk, bend, exercise, and perform many other movements. Injuries occurring here can result in significant pain, limited mobility, and the inability to complete many routine activities. One of the things that can cause these issues include labral tears brought on by hip impingements. […] Labral tears can be the result of several different causes, including: Acute traumatic injury, Age, Obesity, Chronic medical conditions like osteoarthritis, which gradually breaks down the cartilage surrounding joints, Congenital abnormalities – Some people are born with hip problems that can accelerate wear and tear of the joint and eventually cause a hip labral tear, Repetitive motions – Sports-related and other physical activities like long-distance running and the sudden twisting or pivoting motions from golf or softball can lead to joint wear and tear and ultimately result in a hip labral tear.

• #58 5 Signs of a Labral Tear | Joshua D. Harris

  https://joshuaharrismd.com/5-signs-of-a-labral-tear/

  The most common cause of a labral tear is femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Other less common causes include acetabular dysplasia and hip instability. […] One of the functions of the labrum is to allow the hip joint to move smoothly. If the labrum is torn, the joint can become irritated and inflamed, leading to pain in the joint, the groin area, or even extending into your buttocks. […] Labral tears tend to affect how far your hip can swing and move. Many people with a labral tear will find their range of motion is limited, or they might have some stiffness when they try to use their hips even when trying to stand, sit, or climb stairs. […] When the smooth movement of the ball-and-socket mechanism is interrupted by torn tissue, it can cause clicking noises when the joint is used. […] Your hip joint relies on the labrum to hold the ball inside the socket. If the labrum is torn, you might notice your hip feels weak, or your leg feels like its about to give way when placing weight on your leg. […] The labrum’s smooth surface helps your hip joint rotate and bend smoothly, too. If the labrum is torn, you might notice a sticking or catching sensation when you bend or flex your hip.

• #59 Labral Tears Of The Hip And Fai – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/labral-tears-of-the-hip-and-fai/

  Pincer impingement is due to acetabular overgrowth and “over-coverage” of the femur. Abnormal contact between the overgrown acetabular rim and femoral head-neck junction leads to tears within the substance of the labrum. Pincer-associated labral tears are also most often in the anterosuperior quadrant of the labrum, though a so-called contrecoup cartilage lesion in the posteroinferior acetabulum may be found as well. […] Most patients with labral tears (85% or more) have some radiographic abnormality. That is to say, labral tears are rarely found in hips with normal bony anatomy. Thus, while normalcy does not exclude the diagnosis, it makes it less likely. […] (Note that the finding that most patients with labral tears have some radiographic abnormality does not mean that these abnormalities cause the tear. For one thing, there may be many people with these abnormalities that do not have a tear. The other possibility is that the radiographic abnormality, e.g. bone overgrowth, is caused by the labral tear, and not the other way around.)

• #60 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  The etiology of labral tears includes trauma, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] McCarthy et al. found that 73% of patients with fraying or tearing of the acetabular labrum had chondral damage and that this chondral damage was more severe in patients with labral lesions. […] They suggested that the relative risk of significant chondral erosion approximately doubles in the presence of a labral lesion. […] The labrum functions as a sensitive shock absorber, joint lubricator, and pressure distributor. […] The intact labrum helps to keep synovial fluid within the articular cartilage, allowing some of the load to be borne by fluid pressurization and preventing direct contact between the femoral head and the acetabular articular cartilage, therefore taking load off these two structures.

• #61

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9

  A study testing a labrum-free model of the hip showed that, without the labrum, contact stress may increase by as much as 92%. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Capsular laxity or hypermobility of the hip can result in injury to the labrum. […] Patients with labral pathology due to hip dysplasia have tears that are most frequently anterior, but can be posterior or diffuse. […] The increased stresses may lead to fatigue fracture of the acetabular rim and separation of a rim fragment or detachment of the overstressed labrum from the acetabulum.

• #62 A comprehensive review of hip labral tears

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2697339/

  A tear in the labrum would also likely destabilize the hip joint. […] This explains why there is an association between acetabular labral tears and early onset OA. […] Historically, labral tears were associated with slipped capital epiphyses, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, major structural abnormalities of the hip, or high-velocity trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls. […] It is now proposed that there are at least five etiologies of labral tears: trauma, FAI, capsular laxity/hip hypermobility, dysplasia, and degeneration. […] Morphologic alterations of the femur or acetabulum can lead to FAI, and FAI leads to limited hip range of motion (ROM) and articular cartilage damage. […] Cam-type FAI is caused by an abnormal femoral head-neck junction, which leads to impingement between the abnormal femur and a normal acetabular rim through a peripherally increasing radius entering the acetabulum throughout the ROM of the hip, especially flexion and internal rotation.

• #63 Hip Labral Tears > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/hip-labral-tears

  A hip labral tear occurs when the labrum of the hip tears or detaches from the rim of the acetabulum. […] A torn labrum can cause hip instability and can also reduce the labrum’s capacity to absorb shocks and keep fluid within the joint. These problems can increase the stress on the cartilage that lines the head of the femur and acetabulum, raising the risk for developing osteoarthritis in the affected hip. […] Labral tears may be caused by the following: Abnormally shaped bones in the hip joint. In people with certain hip disorders, the bones in the hip joint are not shaped properly, which can increase stress on the labrum and lead to tears. For instance, in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), also known as hip impingement, excess bone growth occurs on the head of the femur, the rim of the acetabulum, or both. When the hip flexes, rather than gliding smoothly over, the bones collide against each other, pinching and compressing the labrum, which over time, can result in tears. FAI is the most common cause of labral tears. […] Degeneration of hip joint. The hip can degenerate over time, as people age, due to wear and tear on the joint. It’s worth noting that degenerative tears of the labrum are often not well-treated with arthroscopic surgery.

• #64 Hip Labral Tear: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hip-labral-tear

  Labral tears can be caused by either repetitive wear and tear on your hip joint or a sudden traumatic injury. […] The most common underlying cause is impingement of the hip bones. […] Hip impingement is when the head of your femur pinches the socket of your hip bone. It causes repetitive atypical contact between the femur and pelvis, per 2020 research. […] According to a 2018 research review, studies have found that labral tears rarely occur without atypical bone structures. Unless differences in the structure of the hip are addressed, your hip may be at risk of reinjury.

• #65 Labral Tears Of The Hip And Fai – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/labral-tears-of-the-hip-and-fai/

  Pincer impingement is due to acetabular overgrowth and “over-coverage” of the femur. Abnormal contact between the overgrown acetabular rim and femoral head-neck junction leads to tears within the substance of the labrum. Pincer-associated labral tears are also most often in the anterosuperior quadrant of the labrum, though a so-called contrecoup cartilage lesion in the posteroinferior acetabulum may be found as well. […] Most patients with labral tears (85% or more) have some radiographic abnormality. That is to say, labral tears are rarely found in hips with normal bony anatomy. Thus, while normalcy does not exclude the diagnosis, it makes it less likely. […] (Note that the finding that most patients with labral tears have some radiographic abnormality does not mean that these abnormalities cause the tear. For one thing, there may be many people with these abnormalities that do not have a tear. The other possibility is that the radiographic abnormality, e.g. bone overgrowth, is caused by the labral tear, and not the other way around.)

• #66 Hip Labral Tears | Penn State Health

  https://www.pennstatehealth.org/services-treatments/hip-labral-tears

  A hip labral tear is a condition affecting the fibrocartilage, called the labrum, that is attached to the rim of the hip socket, or acetabulum. The labrum acts as a gasket to help stabilize the hip joint. Hip labral tears can occur from: […] Wear and tear to the hip joint due to age or repetitive motion. […] Whether your condition is minor or severe, hip labral tears can increase your chance of developing osteoarthritis of the hip and should be monitored by your doctor.

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