Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Interstitial Cystitis—Epidemiology, Diagnostic Criteria, Clinical Markers

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1476008/

  Knowledge of the epidemiology of interstitial cystitis (IC), the burden of the disease in the population, and the identification of possible risk factors remains largely fragmentary. […] The most reliable information comes from the few population-based studies that have appeared in the literature over the past 25 years, but two major issues urgently need to be addressed by appropriate epidemiologic studies: although studies find that only 10% of IC occurs in men, the hallmark symptoms of chronic prostatitis pelvic pain, voiding dysfunction, and pain associated with sexual activity overlap with those in men who carry the IC diagnosis. […] The first population-based study included almost all the patients with interstitial cystitis in the city of Helsinki. In a population of 1,000,000 persons, the prevalence of IC in women was 18.1 per 100,000. The joint prevalence in both sexes was 10.6 cases per 100,000. The annual incidence of new female cases was 1.2 per 100,000.

• #2 Interstitial Cystitis—Epidemiology, Diagnostic Criteria, Clinical Markers

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1476008/

  Fifteen years later, a population-based study in the United States confirmed many of the conclusions reached by Oravisto. Among the findings were the following: In 1987 there were 43,500 (perhaps up to 90,000) diagnosed cases of IC in the United States, approximately twice the prevalence in Finland. […] The Held study, however, may actually underestimate the footprint of the disease. […] Allergies, fibromyalgia, and inflammatory bowel disease are overrepresented in the IC population. […] Two major issues, among many others, urgently need to be addressed by appropriate epidemiologic studies. 1) Although studies find that only 10% of IC occurs in men, the potential figure is much larger. […] It is not known whether children suffer from interstitial cystitis. […] The study of markers is an exciting area, now at the forefront of IC research. It may lead the way to ascertaining the etiology and pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis.

• #3 NIDDK Central Repository – RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Study (RICE)

  https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/rice/

  The RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Study (RICE) is an observational study that sought to develop a case definition for Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)/Interstitial Cystitis (IC) with known sensitivity and specificity and to estimate the prevalence of the condition, which at the time had never been done using a large-population model. […] The RICE study sought to develop a symptom-based case definition of BPS/IC for epidemiological research and use that definition to estimate the prevalence of IC in adult women. […] Based on the high sensitivity definition, 6.53% of women met symptom criteria. Based on the high specificity definition, 2.70% of women met the criteria. These percentages translated into 3.3 to 7.9 million United States women 18 years old or older with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis symptoms. The RICE study suggests that the prevalence of BPS/IC in women is higher than previous estimates.

• #4 Interstitial Cystitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505-overview

  Reports on the prevalence of interstitial cystitis conflict, depending on the country of origin and the criteria used for diagnosis. In addition, there is significant overlap with conditions such as urinary tract infection, pelvic pain syndromes, and overactive bladder. Current studies estimate that 2.7% to 6.5% of women in the United States have symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The broad range in prevalence depends on whether a high-sensitivity definition (6.53%) is used versus a highly specific definition (2.7%). Roughly translated, these numbers indicate that 3.3-7.9 million US women older than 18 years have symptoms of IC/BPS. Of those women, however, only 9.7% report being assigned a diagnosis of IC/BPS. […] In the United States, Curhan et al showed a prevalence of 60-70 cases per 100,000 women. The 2004 United States Nurses Health Study indicated a prevalence of 2.3%. The estimated annual incidence rate of interstitial cystitis in the US is 2.6 cases per 100,000 women.

• #5 Interstitial Cystitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505-overview

  Reports from Europe indicate a prevalence of 18 cases per 100,000 women, whereas only 3-4 cases per 100,000 women are reported in Japan. The marked differences between these countries and the United States are likely due to differences in diagnostic criteria, varying from all-encompassing clinical criteria (eg, those from the National Institute of Diabetes Digestive Kidney Diseases [NIDDK] of the US National Institutes of Health) to very strict criteria based on a pathologic diagnosis. Epidemiologic studies are difficult, given the wide variability in which patients are identified as research subjects. Some studies ask individuals to self-identify, while others survey physicians who may be unfamiliar with IC/BPS. […] Using a validated IC/BPS case definition, Berry et al discovered that only 50% of women who met criteria for IC/BPS had been evaluated by a urologist and only 10% carried the diagnosis, which strengthens the argument that this disease is largely underreported.

• #6 Broaden Horizons: The Advancement of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/14594

  The prevalence of IC/BPS varies widely since uniform definitions and methods are lacking, and current evidence estimates a rate between 0.01% and 6.5%. […] Many studies have demonstrated differences in the prevalence of IC/BPS across different regions and ethnicities. The prevalence among American women ranged from 2.7% to 6.5%, and in Europe, the estimated morbidity is 300/100,000 in Finland, 206/100,000 in Austria and 147/100,000 in Boston. […] In Asia, approximately 261 Korean women for every 100,000 suffer from IC/BPS, and the Japanese population has a similar rate of 0.027%. […] In contrast, the incidence rate of the disease in China is relatively low, with only 21.8–100 in 100,000 developing IC/BPS. […] It is difficult to estimate the socioeconomic burden of IC/BPS accurately, and it deserves more attention regarding the economic burden on individuals. Average annual healthcare costs following the diagnosis of IC/BPS are 2.0 to 2.4 times higher than in age-matched controls.

• #7 Interstitial Cystitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2055505-overview

  Of patients with interstitial cystitis, 94% are White and approximately 90% are female. Interstitial cystitis appears to be slightly more common in Jewish women. The condition is also dramatically under-reported in men. There is significant overlap of symptoms of IC/BPS and symptoms of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In fact, 17% of men were reported to have symptoms of both complexes. This supports the hypothesis that IC/BPS and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome share a common pathophysiology in men. However, many of these studies rely on the patient’s self-reported symptoms, so estimates of incidence in men are likely higher than previously reported. […] Median age at presentation is 40 years. However, Close et al have shown that interstitial cystitis may occur in children. In their series, the median age of onset was 4.5 years, with a mean age of diagnosis of 8.2 years. The children had diffuse glomerulations and terminal hematuria. Of the 16 children in the study, 15 improved after bladder hydrodistention.

• #8 Interstitial Cystitis: Urgency and Frequency Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1001/p1199.html

  Interstitial cystitis may affect as many as 700,000 women in the United States. […] Data from the Nurses’ Health Study suggest that the prevalence of interstitial cystitis among women is about 67 per 100,000 and 52 per 100,000. […] Women make up 90 percent of patients with interstitial cystitis, while men comprise the remaining 10 percent. […] The onset of interstitial cystitis usually occurs between 30 and 70 years of age, with a median age of 43. […] The prevalence of the disease appears to be increasing among young and middle-aged women. […] Most patients consult at least five physicians, including psychiatrists, over a period of more than four years before interstitial cystitis is diagnosed.

• #9  Interstitial Cystitis Network  – Interstitial Cystitis Prevalence and Epidemiology

  https://www.ic-network.com/interstitial-cystitis-prevalence-epidemiology/

  IC/BPS affects millions of men and women around the world. In the USA alone, the impact of IC is profound. […] Two RAND prevalence studies (1,2) found that: […] 3.2 to 7.9 million women (2.7 to 6.5% of all women) […] 1 to 4 million men* have symptoms of IC […] Researchers suspect that many more men may have IC but have been incorrectly diagnosed with chronic prostatitis. […] Quite a few epidemiological studies have been done over the years.(3-7) They have found that: […] The average age of onset for IC is 40 years, with 25% of patients under the age of 30. A late deterioration of symptoms is unusual. […] Patients with IC are 10 to 12 times more likely to report childhood bladder problems. […] Patients with IC are twice as likely report a history of urinary tract infection; however, over half of all IC patients report fewer than one such infection per year before the onset of IC. […] IC patients have suicidal thoughts 3-4 times above the national average. […] The quality of life of IC patients is worse than patients experiencing chronic renal failure and undergoing dialysis.

• #10 The Prevalence and Overlap of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Men: Results of the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Male Study

  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1hc694zk

  As part of the RICE (RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology) study, we developed validated case definitions to identify interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in women and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. […] The interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome weighted prevalence estimates for the high sensitivity and high specificity definitions were 4.2% (3.1-5.3) and 1.9% (1.1-2.7), respectively. The chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome weighted prevalence estimate was 1.8% (0.9-2.7). […] Symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are widespread among men in the United States. The prevalence of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms in men approaches that in women, suggesting that this condition may be underdiagnosed in the male population.

• #11 Painful Bladder Syndrome (Interstitial Cystitis) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/interstitial-cystitispainful-bladder-syndrome-pro

  PBS is a diagnosis of exclusion with no definitive diagnostic test. Therefore it is difficult to estimate prevalence, which can be dependent on whether symptoms are clinician-assigned or patient-reported. A large American study found prevalence rates of 2.3-6.5%. However, a study in the Netherlands suggested a much lower prevalence of 0.008 – 0.016%. […] PBS is between two and five times more common in women than men. However, many women are often reluctant to seek treatment. […] The average age at diagnosis is 40 years. […] Prevalence is highest in women between 50 and 59 and men between 56 and 74. […] It is estimated that IC/BPS affects up to 400,000 patients in the UK, with almost 90% being women between 50 to 69 years of age. […] It is very rare in children.

• #12 Interstitial Cystitis and Chronic Pain Syndrome

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/interstitial-cystitis-and-chronic-pain-syndrome

  Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome (PBS), is more common than was previously thought; however, the disorder is difficult to diagnose and treat. […] IC/PBS is more common in women than in men. The only definitive risk factor for IC/PBS is female gender, with a female:male ratio of 10:1.1 In the United States, an estimated 3.3 million women aged 18 years and older have experienced pelvic pain or other urinary symptoms. An estimated 1.6 million men aged 30 years and older have persistent symptoms that are associated with PBS, such as pain upon bladder filling and pain relieved by bladder emptying. […] In 2000, the estimated medical expenditures associated with IC/PBS totaled $66 million.

• #13 Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: the influence of modern diagnostic criteria on epidemiology and on Internet search activity by the public – Davis – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/6804/html

  Due to the aforementioned variations in diagnostic criteria of IC/PBS, epidemiological studies demonstrate varying statistics on prevalence. […] The prevalence increases to 1,431/100,000 for females with first-degree relatives IC/PBS which suggests a hereditary component. […] The prevalence of IC/PBS was as high as 2.6% in a cross-sectional study in Boston. […] IC/PBS is increasing in prevalence globally due to broader diagnostic criteria and patients are using online technologies to gather information on the condition, particularly in the developed world. […] As diagnostic criteria continue to broaden and become more inclusive it is likely that the prevalence of IC/PBS will continue to increase. Therefore, urologists are likely to be referred more patients with symptoms that are consistent with modernised IC/PBS diagnostic criteria.

• #14 Novel research approaches for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: thinking beyond the bladder – Mullins – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/7946/html

  Epidemiological studies have revealed that IC/BPS is commonly associated with other chronic pain conditions, including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome. […] The RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology (RICE) Study, through a probability sample of U.S. women contacted by telephone, estimated IC/BPS prevalence between 2.7% and 6.53% among person age 18 or older using case definitions of high specificity and high sensitivity, respectively. […] The RICE Study also estimates IC/BPS prevalence in men between 1.9% and 4.2% while community-based prevalence estimates from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey suggest 1.3% of U.S. men between the ages of 30 and 79 report symptoms of IC/BPS. […] Concurrent with attempts at defining biologic aspects, epidemiological studies have addressed IC/BPS definition, impact, course, and risk factors.

• #15 If it’s not a UTI, it might be interstitial cystitis – Natural Womanhood

  https://naturalwomanhood.org/interstitial-cystitis/

  Hannah is not alone. Anywhere between 4 and 12 million people in the United States suffer from interstitial cystitis. Most of them are women. […] Women with endometriosis also have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IC. According to one study that looked at common comorbidities (medical conditions occurring at the same time) among women with and without endometriosis, those with endo have a 6.8 times higher likelihood of also having IC than women who do not have endo. […] A systematic review of 13 studies on the link between hormonal contraceptives and pelvic floor function (which is negatively affected in women with IC) found significant links between interstitial cystitis and oral contraceptive use at any point—meaning that even if you aren’t on the pill anymore, you might still be at higher risk for IC if you used to be on it. […] Researchers hypothesize that oral contraceptives may affect pelvic floor function, which can lead to syndromes like IC or other forms of pelvic dysfunction.

• #16 Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022) – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-of-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022)

  Berry et al. (2011) used the questionnaire to determine prevalence of IC/BPS among adult females in the US. This study yielded prevalence estimates of from 2.7% to 6.53% (approximately 3.3 to 7.9 million US women age 18 or older). Only 9.7% of women who met the definitions reported having been given an IC/BPS diagnosis. Suskind et al. (2013) modified the case definition for use in men and used an additional case definition derived from the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index to assess the prevalence and overlap between IC/BPS and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men (CP/CPPS). This study yielded a prevalence estimate of from 2.9% to 4.2% for IC/BPS and a prevalence of 1.8% for CP/CPPS. The overlap between the two syndromes was approximately 17%. The authors note that these findings suggest that the prevalence of IC/BPS in men approaches its prevalence in women; therefore, it may be greatly under-diagnosed in the male population.

• #17 Interstitial cystitis: Algorithm to simplify diagnosis of chronic urinary symptoms

  https://www.npwomenshealthcare.com/interstitial-cystitis-simplify-diagnosis/

  Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as bladder pain syndrome, is a chronic illness with no definitive cause or cure. This disorder has no universally accepted name and is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The incidence of IC in the United States is 3%-6%. Like irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia, IC is a functional somatic syndrome with distressing symptoms that persist in the absence of structural pathology. IC is typically diagnosed in midlife, even though symptoms frequently arise in early childhood or adolescence. In fact, 25% of adults with IC, 90% of whom are female, report the existence of symptoms since they were children. […] In the U.S., among the 3.5-8 million women with IC symptoms, only 9.7% have received a diagnosis of IC. Healthcare providers (HCPs) lack of knowledge about IC symptoms delays diagnosis and implementation of treatment. Without established diagnostic criteria, IC is identified based on the exclusion of other urogynecologic problems.

• #18 Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: the influence of modern diagnostic criteria on epidemiology and on Internet search activity by the public – Davis – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/6804/html

  Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic debilitating condition that is characterised by suprapubic pain and urinary symptoms such as urgency, nocturia and urinary frequency. The prevalence of the condition is increasing due to more inclusive diagnostic criteria. […] Prevalence rates for IC/PBS vary according to diagnostic criteria and range from 2% to 17.3% among the general population. Increased prevalence is associated with female gender and females with one first-degree relative affected. […] There has been an increase in global mean search activity for IC/PBS on an annual basis since 2005. The greatest increase in search activity was in USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and India respectively. […] As diagnostic criteria for IC/PBS continues to become more inclusive it is likely that the prevalence will continue to increase. This is particularly true for the USA and Canada as these regions have demonstrated the greatest increase in Internet search activity for IC/PBS.

• #19 Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022) – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-of-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022)

  Epidemiology […] Since there is no objective marker to establish the presence of IC/BPS, studies to define its prevalence are difficult to conduct. Population-based prevalence studies of IC/BPS have used three methods: surveys that ask participants if they have ever been diagnosed with the condition (self-report studies); questionnaires administered to identify the presence of symptoms that are suggestive of IC/BPS (symptom assessments); and, administrative billing data used to identify the number of individuals in a population who have been diagnosed with IC/BPS (clinician diagnosis). Not surprisingly, the use of different methods yields widely disparate prevalence estimates. […] Self-Report Studies […] Two large-scale studies in the United States have utilized self-report to estimate the prevalence of IC/BPS. The first was conducted as part of the 1989 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and the second was part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III), which was conducted between 1988 and 1994. The same definition of IC/BPS was used in both studies. Participants were asked, „Have you ever had symptoms of a bladder infection (such as pain in your bladder and frequent urination) that lasted more than 3 months?” Those who gave a positive response were then asked, „When you had this condition, were you told that you had interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome?” An affirmative answer to both questions was considered to define the presence of IC/BPS. The prevalence estimates obtained from these two studies were virtually identical. In the NHIS, the overall prevalence was 500 per 100,000 population, and the prevalence in women was 865 per 100,000. In NHANES III, the prevalence was 470 per 100,000 population, including 60 per 100,000 men and 850 per 100,000 women. This equals approximately 83,000 men and 1.2 million women across the US.

• #20 Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022) – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-of-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022)

  IC/BPS Symptoms […] Multiple studies have estimated the prevalence of IC/BPS symptoms, using a variety of different case definitions. A mailed questionnaire study to 1,331 Finnish women aged 17-71 identified probable IC/BPS symptoms in 0.45%. Another questionnaire mailing study to enrollees aged 25-80 in a managed care population in the US Pacific Northwest identified IC/BPS symptoms in 6-11% of women and 25% of men, depending on the definition used. Investigators in the Boston Area Community Health study conducted door-to-door interviews about urologic symptoms in a sample of Black, Hispanic and White individuals aged 30-79. They identified IC/BPS symptoms using six different definitions, which yielded prevalence estimates ranging from 0.6% to 2.0%. Across these definitions, symptoms were typically two to three times as common in women as men, but no clear variations were observed by race/ethnicity. Questions about IC/BPS symptoms were included in the 2004 version of the US Nurses Health Study (NHS), which was administered to women aged 58 to 83 years. In this cohort of women, the prevalence of IC/BPS symptoms was 2.3%. The prevalence increased with age, from 1.7% of those younger than 65 years up to 4.0% in women aged 80 years or older. In a study of 981 Austrian women aged 19-89 at a voluntary health screening project in Vienna, the prevalence of IC/BPS symptoms was determined to be 0.3% (306 per 100,000).

• #21 Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022) – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-of-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022)

  Clinician Diagnosis […] Female participants in the NHS were asked by mailed questionnaires in 1994 and 1995 whether they had ever been diagnosed with 'interstitial cystitis (not urinary tract infection)’. In participants with a positive response, medical record reviews were performed to confirm a physician diagnosis, including cystoscopy performed by a urologist. Using these methods, the prevalence of IC/BPS was found to be 52/100,000 in the NHS I cohort, and 67/100,000 in the NHS II cohort. A subsequent study was performed using administrative billing data from the Kaiser Permanente Northwest managed care population in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Patients with IC/BPS were identified by the presence of ICD-9 code 595.1 (’interstitial cystitis’) in the electronic medical record, and the prevalence of the diagnosis was found to be 197 per 100,000 women and 41 per 100,000 men.

• #22 Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022) – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-of-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022)

  Further information is provided in three additional papers that reported data from the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology (RICE) study. One of the RICE study objectives was to develop an IC/BPS case definition for use in epidemiological studies that had known sensitivity and specificity for use in epidemiological studies. Berry et al. (2010) report findings from a literature review, a structured expert panel process, and a telephone interview validation study to derive an IC/BPS definition. The authors note that none of the existing epidemiological definitions had high sensitivity or high specificity. As a result of this process, two definitions emerged. One with high sensitivity that correctly identified IC/BPS cases 81% of the time (with 54% specificity) and one with high specificity that correctly excluded non-IC/BPS cases 83% of the time (with 48% sensitivity). The definitions are captured in an 11-item questionnaire.

• #23 Development, Validation and Testing of an Epidemiological Case Definition of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome | RAND

  https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20100091.html

  No standard case definition exists for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome for patient screening or epidemiological studies. […] We compared this definition with others used in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome epidemiological studies. […] No single epidemiological definition had high sensitivity and high specificity. […] These values were comparable or superior to those of other epidemiological definitions used in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome prevalence studies. […] For prevalence studies of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome the best approach may be to use 2 definitions that would yield a prevalence range. […] The RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome case definitions, developed through structured consensus and validation, can be used for this purpose.

• #24 Interstitial cystitis: Simplified diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/interstitial-cystitis-simplified-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is now recognized as a common etiology in women with chronic pelvic pain. The prevalence of this syndrome ranges from 2.7% to 6.5%, which translates to between 3.3 and 7.9 million women in the United States. The true accuracy of this data is limited by the varying definitions of IC/BPS and the underdiagnosis of patients. […] In 1988, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestion and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) developed rigorous diagnostic criteria for research on IC. Unfortunately, these criteria became the de facto definition for diagnosis despite the controversy that many patients with IC symptoms lack classic cystoscopic findings (glomerulations or Hunners ulcers). It is estimated that the NIDDK criteria miss 60% of patients with IC.

• #25 Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Contemporary Review | EMJ Reviews

  https://www.emjreviews.com/urology/article/treatment-of-interstitial-cystitis-bladder-pain-syndrome-a-contemporary-review/

  Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating condition affecting approximately 3% of the female population. […] American data suggest a prevalence of between 2.7% and 6.5% of females. […] IC/BPS affects both females and males, though studies have shown a 5:1 female-to-male preponderance. […] However, it is thought that there is a dramatic under-reporting of this condition in men attributable to the significant symptom overlap of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. […] Because of the progression in its definition, the epidemiology of IC/BPS has been difficult to determine.

• #26 Novel research approaches for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: thinking beyond the bladder – Mullins – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/7946/html

  The MAPP Research Network has developed a highly collaborative and integrated research designs that views IC/BPS (in the larger context of UCPPS) as a systemic disorder involving not just the urologic system (e.g., bladder) but also diverse non-urologic physiological systems and processes. […] The MAPP Research Network studies are yielding new insights into IC/BPS pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes.

• #27 Novel research approaches for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: thinking beyond the bladder – Mullins – Translational Andrology and Urology

  https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/7946/html

  Importantly, as noted a number of epidemiological studies have shown an association of conditions that share chronic pain as a major symptom with IC/BPS. […] The treated natural history of IC/PBS remains uncertain and remains of great interest to both patients and health care providers and its study may provide information to predict clinical course. […] Among EPIC cases, using the most stringent definition (symptom based diagnoses) the antecedent prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic widespread pain, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine and panic were higher than in controls, about three-fourths of the cases had at least one non-bladder syndrome, and these non-bladder syndromes were found to be strong risk factor for IC/PBS, suggesting that these patients may have a systemic syndrome.

Zobacz więcej