Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder consisting of distressing or disabling preoccupations related to nonexistent or slight defects in appearance, combined with repetitive behaviors performed in response to these concerns about ones appearance for example, checking the mirror repeatedly or excessive grooming. […] Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of BDD. […] Perspectives is a coach-supported app providing CBT for BDD. The app covers each of the core components of CBT for BDD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, mindfulness, attention retraining, and relapse prevention. […] In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial including 80 adults with BDD, Wilhelm and colleagues demonstrated that the coach-supported Perspectives app is an efficacious, scalable treatment for adults with BDD.

• #2 Body Dysmorphic Disorder – OCD & Anxiety Program

  https://socalocdprogram.org/body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with perceived defects in ones appearance or an excessive concern with small physical imperfections. […] BDD can be treated using the same techniques used to treat OCD and other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. A form of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) known as Cognitive Restructuring can be used to challenge the persons faulty beliefs about their appearance. In addition, Exposure and Response Prevention (E/RP), which is also a form of CBT, is an important part of the treatment. Typical exposures for someone with BDD would involve allowing others to see all or part of ones perceived flaw while refraining from any rituals (mirror checking, reassurance seeking, etc.). […] People with BDD also often are prescribed the type of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

• #3 Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9888-body-dysmorphic-disorder

  Experts dont fully understand why body dysmorphic disorder happens. That means theres no way to prevent it or reduce the risk of it happening. […] Talking about the signs of this condition and getting help with it before it reaches severe levels can help you or a loved one avoid its most severe effects.

• #4 What Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/mental-health-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  Because the root cause isn’t fully known, there’s currently no way to prevent or reduce risk of body dysmorphic disorder. But with treatment, it’s possible to manage the symptoms. […] Along with standard treatment, the following lifestyle strategies can help you manage the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. […] Avoid cosmetic surgery. Many people with body dysmorphic disorder think that cosmetic surgery will make them feel better, but most of the time, it doesn’t. It may make you feel worse about your area of concern, and cause a perpetual cycle of cosmetic procedures.

• #5 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://valleymed.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/Pregnancy/134,216

  What can I do to prevent body dysmorphic disorder? The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. […] If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #6 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=134&contentid=216

  The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. […] If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #7 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. […] Multiple studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various cognitive behavioral therapy modalities are effective first-line treatments in decreasing BDD severity, relieving depressive symptoms, restoring insight, and increasing quality of life. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have also recently been shown to be effective for relapse prevention. […] The average age of onset is approximately 17 years and symptoms develop gradually; as such, we emphasize the importance of screening in pediatric and adolescent populations, as early interventions may prevent years of risky and unnecessary cosmetic procedures. […] CBT has been established as the psychological treatment modality of choice in BDD, and a growing body of evidence shows that CBT is effective both stand-alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance therapy and relapse prevention.

• #8 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://healthlibrary.rumcsi.org/Library/Wellness/YourBody/134,216

  What can I do to prevent body dysmorphic disorder? The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. BDD tends to get worse with age. Plastic surgery to correct a body flaw rarely helps. If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider. […] Treatment for BDD may include talk therapy or medicines. The best treatment is likely a combination of both. Research shows that the sooner treatment begins, the better the chance for controlling symptoms and recovering.

• #9 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://healthlibrary.wvumedicine.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Otolaryngology/134,216

  The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. BDD tends to get worse with age. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #10 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder consisting of distressing or disabling preoccupations related to nonexistent or slight defects in appearance, combined with repetitive behaviors performed in response to these concerns about ones appearance for example, checking the mirror repeatedly or excessive grooming. […] Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of BDD. […] Perspectives is a coach-supported app providing CBT for BDD. The app covers each of the core components of CBT for BDD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, mindfulness, attention retraining, and relapse prevention. […] In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial including 80 adults with BDD, Wilhelm and colleagues demonstrated that the coach-supported Perspectives app is an efficacious, scalable treatment for adults with BDD.

• #11 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/134,216

  What can I do to prevent body dysmorphic disorder? The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #12 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/134,216

  What can I do to prevent body dysmorphic disorder? The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #13 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=134&contentid=216

  The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. […] If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #14 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. […] Multiple studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various cognitive behavioral therapy modalities are effective first-line treatments in decreasing BDD severity, relieving depressive symptoms, restoring insight, and increasing quality of life. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have also recently been shown to be effective for relapse prevention. […] The average age of onset is approximately 17 years and symptoms develop gradually; as such, we emphasize the importance of screening in pediatric and adolescent populations, as early interventions may prevent years of risky and unnecessary cosmetic procedures. […] CBT has been established as the psychological treatment modality of choice in BDD, and a growing body of evidence shows that CBT is effective both stand-alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance therapy and relapse prevention.

• #15 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  BDD is a mental health condition whereby individuals worry about specific flaws or defects in themselves that may not be present to the rest of us. […] Therefore, it is really important that we are aware of symptoms to help support individuals with what they are going through. […] We must promote positive and healthy behaviours to reduce the impact of BDD. […] If the above questions prompts individuals that you are working with to answer yes with regards to DSM-V criteria, as opposed to weight worries which are associated with eating disorders, it is worth considering that BDD may be a factor for the individual. […] Addressing this to the young people in our services will prompt the conversation of BDD and reduce the shame that people feel. […] It is also worth noting that whilst we are raising awareness for BDD, we are also trying to show that BDD is present alongside other diagnoses.

• #16 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  BDD is a mental health condition whereby individuals worry about specific flaws or defects in themselves that may not be present to the rest of us. […] Therefore, it is really important that we are aware of symptoms to help support individuals with what they are going through. […] We must promote positive and healthy behaviours to reduce the impact of BDD. […] If the above questions prompts individuals that you are working with to answer yes with regards to DSM-V criteria, as opposed to weight worries which are associated with eating disorders, it is worth considering that BDD may be a factor for the individual. […] Addressing this to the young people in our services will prompt the conversation of BDD and reduce the shame that people feel. […] It is also worth noting that whilst we are raising awareness for BDD, we are also trying to show that BDD is present alongside other diagnoses.

• #17 Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/understanding-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/

  Though theres no set way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder, there are a few things that individuals and society as a whole can do to ease the pressure such as educating young people on BDD and the importance of healthy and realistic attitudes to physical appearance. […] We also need to make clear to those suffering from body-image or self-esteem issues that they can seek help and that their problem is just as valid as any other mental health condition.

• #18 Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/understanding-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/

  Though theres no set way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder, there are a few things that individuals and society as a whole can do to ease the pressure such as educating young people on BDD and the importance of healthy and realistic attitudes to physical appearance. […] We also need to make clear to those suffering from body-image or self-esteem issues that they can seek help and that their problem is just as valid as any other mental health condition.

• #19 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  By acknowledging the symptoms of BDD alongside other conditions, we will be able to ensure that we target and provide treatment for a condition that is rarely treated. […] The NICE guidelines have reported that Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) are the two effective treatments for BDD from adult literature. […] With CBT, it is most important to work on the individuals perception and reduce the distress that arises as a result of BDD, as opposed to whether an individuals perceptions of self are true. […] Providing psychoeducation is also essential. […] It is so important that awareness is raised so that individuals can be supporting with the best treatments.

• #20 Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – Clinical Features and Management

  https://psychscenehub.com/psychinsights/body-dysmorphic-disorder-clinical-features-management/

  Raising public awareness about BDD is crucial, as is targeted information for cosmetic specialists, who should have a high sensitivity regarding BDD patients and who should screen patients in whom alarm red flags arise. Red flags include: […] Should the individual meet criteria for BDD, the next task is to persuade them that they cannot expect to achieve a cosmetic ‘solution’ and that they should seek expert psychological and psychiatric advice to tackle their issues efficiently. […] Re-framing can be effective, in terms of helping them accept help for their distress, anxiety, and depression, along with a plan to tackle their avoidance behaviours and time-consuming and impairing rituals.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/intclinpsychopharm/fulltext/2021/03000/body_dysmorphic_disorder__a_treatment_synthesis.1.aspx

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived appearance flaw or flaws that are not observable to others. Treatment should encompass psychoeducation, particularly addressing the dangers associated with cosmetic procedures, and may require high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and protracted periods to establish full benefit. If there is an inadequate response to SSRIs, various adjunctive medications can be employed including atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and the anticonvulsant levetiracetam. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has good evidence for efficacy for BDD, and on-line and telephone-assisted forms of therapy are showing promise. […] Effective and thorough psychoeducation is an important core feature of a therapeutic framework for BDD. It is important for mental health clinicians dealing with people with BDD to have a clear and candid discussion about these matters and provide warnings about the very low likelihood of cosmetic interventions helping the BDD symptoms in the longer term: some people with BDD experience some brief relief after a cosmetic procedure but often become dissatisfied with the outcome and/or seek further procedures for the same or another physical defect.

• #22 Body dysmorphic disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938

  There’s no known way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder. However, because body dysmorphic disorder often starts in the early teenage years, identifying the disorder early and starting treatment may be of some benefit. […] Long-term maintenance treatment also may help prevent a relapse of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.

• #23 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #24 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #25 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #26 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #27 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. […] Multiple studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various cognitive behavioral therapy modalities are effective first-line treatments in decreasing BDD severity, relieving depressive symptoms, restoring insight, and increasing quality of life. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have also recently been shown to be effective for relapse prevention. […] The average age of onset is approximately 17 years and symptoms develop gradually; as such, we emphasize the importance of screening in pediatric and adolescent populations, as early interventions may prevent years of risky and unnecessary cosmetic procedures. […] CBT has been established as the psychological treatment modality of choice in BDD, and a growing body of evidence shows that CBT is effective both stand-alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance therapy and relapse prevention.

• #28 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #29 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #30 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #31 Learn About Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) | Psychology Tools

  https://www.psychologytools.com/articles/learn-about-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments for BDD. Research indicates that medication can also be helpful, either alone or alongside CBT. […] The psychological treatment for body dysmorphic disorder which has the strongest research support is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically designed for body dysmorphic disorder, and which includes an intervention called exposure with response prevention. You should seek out a therapist who has specialist training and experience in treating body dysmorphic disorder. […] Medical treatments are usually recommended as a second-line treatment for BDD, either for those who dont want CBT, havent responded to CBT, or in combination with CBT (for more severe cases of BDD). The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend a class of medications called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram or sertraline as medicinal treatments for BDD.

• #32 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. […] Multiple studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various cognitive behavioral therapy modalities are effective first-line treatments in decreasing BDD severity, relieving depressive symptoms, restoring insight, and increasing quality of life. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have also recently been shown to be effective for relapse prevention. […] The average age of onset is approximately 17 years and symptoms develop gradually; as such, we emphasize the importance of screening in pediatric and adolescent populations, as early interventions may prevent years of risky and unnecessary cosmetic procedures. […] CBT has been established as the psychological treatment modality of choice in BDD, and a growing body of evidence shows that CBT is effective both stand-alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance therapy and relapse prevention.

• #33 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. […] Multiple studies have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various cognitive behavioral therapy modalities are effective first-line treatments in decreasing BDD severity, relieving depressive symptoms, restoring insight, and increasing quality of life. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have also recently been shown to be effective for relapse prevention. […] The average age of onset is approximately 17 years and symptoms develop gradually; as such, we emphasize the importance of screening in pediatric and adolescent populations, as early interventions may prevent years of risky and unnecessary cosmetic procedures. […] CBT has been established as the psychological treatment modality of choice in BDD, and a growing body of evidence shows that CBT is effective both stand-alone and in combination with pharmacotherapy in long-term maintenance therapy and relapse prevention.

• #34 Exposure & Response Prevention for BDD | Partners in Wellness

  https://www.partnersinwellnessstl.com/exposure-response-prevention-for-bdd

  Exposure Response Prevention for Body Dysmorphic Disorder […] A modified form of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the gold standard, evidence-based treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). […] ERP is a type of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) that has been shown to be the most potent part of treatment for BDD. […] A BDD therapist trained in ERP will work closely with a client to provide psycho education around the BDD and the function of their anxiety. […] Following assessment the BDD therapist works with the client to pinpoint exposure tasks to accomplish during treatment. […] BDD exposures entail purposefully entering situations that increase distress and are typically avoided or neutralized through the use of a compulsion.

• #35

  https://pcsp.nationalregister.org/index.php/pcsp/article/view/1799

  This case study series investigates the effect of Exposure and Response Prevention in relation to other components present in behavioral therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). […] The results indicate that beneficial effects of treatment occurred during the ERP phase for three of the clients, and thus suggest that this component should, in spite of clients almost reflexive, initial skepticism, be considered essential in the behavioral treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

• #36 Body Dysmorphic Disorder – OCD & Anxiety Program

  https://socalocdprogram.org/body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with perceived defects in ones appearance or an excessive concern with small physical imperfections. […] BDD can be treated using the same techniques used to treat OCD and other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. A form of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) known as Cognitive Restructuring can be used to challenge the persons faulty beliefs about their appearance. In addition, Exposure and Response Prevention (E/RP), which is also a form of CBT, is an important part of the treatment. Typical exposures for someone with BDD would involve allowing others to see all or part of ones perceived flaw while refraining from any rituals (mirror checking, reassurance seeking, etc.). […] People with BDD also often are prescribed the type of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

• #37 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder consisting of distressing or disabling preoccupations related to nonexistent or slight defects in appearance, combined with repetitive behaviors performed in response to these concerns about ones appearance for example, checking the mirror repeatedly or excessive grooming. […] Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of BDD. […] Perspectives is a coach-supported app providing CBT for BDD. The app covers each of the core components of CBT for BDD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, mindfulness, attention retraining, and relapse prevention. […] In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial including 80 adults with BDD, Wilhelm and colleagues demonstrated that the coach-supported Perspectives app is an efficacious, scalable treatment for adults with BDD.

• #38 Body Dysmorphic Disorder – The Center for the Obsessive Mind

  https://theobsessivemind.com/body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  Body Dysmorphic Disorder can be very challenging, but there is hope for those who suffer. […] Research has found that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for BDD. […] In addition to this, treatment includes Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), which involves doing the things that cause anxiety without engaging in compulsive behaviors. […] CBT for BDD also includes Mirror Retraining, which is an exercise aimed at helping people improve their relationship with mirrors.

• #39 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Introductory Online Course (April 2025) – Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Academy

  https://mghcme.org/courses/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-body-dysmorphic-disorder-an-introductory-online-course-april-2025/

  This interactive course is led by experts in research, assessment and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The course trains you to identify the clinical features of BDD and accurately differentiate it from other conditions that present in similar ways. […] By the end of this program, participants will be able to: […] Recognize and address common pitfalls in the treatment of BDD (e.g., low motivation) […] Utilize empirically-based strategies for managing treatment-interfering behaviors that arise in the treatment of BDD […] How and when to introduce relapse prevention strategies at the end of treatment.

• #40 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Introductory Online Course (August 2024) | MGH Academy

  https://lms.mghcme.org/CBTbddAugust2024

  This interactive course is led by experts in research, assessment and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The course trains you to identify clinical features of BDD and accurately differentiate it from other conditions that present in similar ways. […] By the end of this program, participants will be able to: Develop a personalized cognitive behavioral model for patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) […] Recognize and address common pitfalls in the treatment of BDD (e.g., low motivation) […] How and when to introduce relapse prevention strategies at the end of treatment.

• #41 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #42 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #43 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Practice learned strategies. At home, routinely practice the skills you learn during therapy so they become stronger habits. […] Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and recreational drugs can worsen symptoms or interact with medications. […] Get active. Physical activity and exercise can help manage many symptoms, such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or taking up another form of physical activity you enjoy. However, avoid excessive exercise as a way to fix a perceived flaw.

• #44 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Introductory Online Course (April 2025) – Massachusetts General Hospital Psychiatry Academy

  https://mghcme.org/courses/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-body-dysmorphic-disorder-an-introductory-online-course-april-2025/

  This interactive course is led by experts in research, assessment and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The course trains you to identify the clinical features of BDD and accurately differentiate it from other conditions that present in similar ways. […] By the end of this program, participants will be able to: […] Recognize and address common pitfalls in the treatment of BDD (e.g., low motivation) […] Utilize empirically-based strategies for managing treatment-interfering behaviors that arise in the treatment of BDD […] How and when to introduce relapse prevention strategies at the end of treatment.

• #45 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder consisting of distressing or disabling preoccupations related to nonexistent or slight defects in appearance, combined with repetitive behaviors performed in response to these concerns about ones appearance for example, checking the mirror repeatedly or excessive grooming. […] Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of BDD. […] Perspectives is a coach-supported app providing CBT for BDD. The app covers each of the core components of CBT for BDD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, mindfulness, attention retraining, and relapse prevention. […] In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial including 80 adults with BDD, Wilhelm and colleagues demonstrated that the coach-supported Perspectives app is an efficacious, scalable treatment for adults with BDD.

• #46 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  App-based CBT was also associated with greater improvements in BDD-related insight, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and overall functioning. […] Mental health apps have the potential to increase access to care in a cost-effective and scalable way; however, despite the enthusiasm for and proliferation of mental health apps, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (Weisel et al, 2021) concluded that while some trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of some apps to target mental health symptoms, many digital health interventions have not received adequate scrutiny.

• #47 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder consisting of distressing or disabling preoccupations related to nonexistent or slight defects in appearance, combined with repetitive behaviors performed in response to these concerns about ones appearance for example, checking the mirror repeatedly or excessive grooming. […] Multiple studies support the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of BDD. […] Perspectives is a coach-supported app providing CBT for BDD. The app covers each of the core components of CBT for BDD, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure with response prevention, mindfulness, attention retraining, and relapse prevention. […] In a randomized waitlist-controlled trial including 80 adults with BDD, Wilhelm and colleagues demonstrated that the coach-supported Perspectives app is an efficacious, scalable treatment for adults with BDD.

• #48 The Perspectives App: CBT-Based Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – MGH Psychiatry News

  https://mghpsychnews.org/perspectives-app-cbt-for-bdd/

  App-based CBT was also associated with greater improvements in BDD-related insight, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and overall functioning. […] Mental health apps have the potential to increase access to care in a cost-effective and scalable way; however, despite the enthusiasm for and proliferation of mental health apps, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (Weisel et al, 2021) concluded that while some trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of some apps to target mental health symptoms, many digital health interventions have not received adequate scrutiny.

• #49 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #50 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #51 Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/understanding-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/

  Though theres no set way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder, there are a few things that individuals and society as a whole can do to ease the pressure such as educating young people on BDD and the importance of healthy and realistic attitudes to physical appearance. […] We also need to make clear to those suffering from body-image or self-esteem issues that they can seek help and that their problem is just as valid as any other mental health condition.

• #52 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  BDD is a mental health condition whereby individuals worry about specific flaws or defects in themselves that may not be present to the rest of us. […] Therefore, it is really important that we are aware of symptoms to help support individuals with what they are going through. […] We must promote positive and healthy behaviours to reduce the impact of BDD. […] If the above questions prompts individuals that you are working with to answer yes with regards to DSM-V criteria, as opposed to weight worries which are associated with eating disorders, it is worth considering that BDD may be a factor for the individual. […] Addressing this to the young people in our services will prompt the conversation of BDD and reduce the shame that people feel. […] It is also worth noting that whilst we are raising awareness for BDD, we are also trying to show that BDD is present alongside other diagnoses.

• #53 Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – thewaveclinic.com

  https://thewaveclinic.com/blog/understanding-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/

  Though theres no set way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder, there are a few things that individuals and society as a whole can do to ease the pressure such as educating young people on BDD and the importance of healthy and realistic attitudes to physical appearance. […] We also need to make clear to those suffering from body-image or self-esteem issues that they can seek help and that their problem is just as valid as any other mental health condition.

• #54 Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy in Treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Case Study from Indonesia – psikologi.ugm.ac.id

  https://psikologi.ugm.ac.id/exposure-and-response-prevention-therapy-in-treating-body-dysmorphic-disorder-a-case-study-from-indonesia/

  A recent study titled Case series of body dysmorphic disorder treatment using exposure and response prevention psychotherapy, authored by Tasya Adelheid, Astridiah P. Ramadhani, Riangga Novrianto, and Edo S. Jaya, has been published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry (Vol. 108, Article No. 104505). […] The article presents the effectiveness of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)-based psychotherapy in treating individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). […] ERP a component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) proved effective in helping patients confront their fears without engaging in compulsive responses such as excessive mirror checking or seeking reassurance. […] Furthermore, Riangga stated that this research not only contributes to clinical practice in the treatment of BDD but also supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3: Good Health and Well-being, particularly target 3.4, which emphasizes the importance of promoting mental health and reducing non-communicable diseases through appropriate prevention and treatment approaches.

• #55 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Practice learned strategies. At home, routinely practice the skills you learn during therapy so they become stronger habits. […] Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and recreational drugs can worsen symptoms or interact with medications. […] Get active. Physical activity and exercise can help manage many symptoms, such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or taking up another form of physical activity you enjoy. However, avoid excessive exercise as a way to fix a perceived flaw.

• #56 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Practice learned strategies. At home, routinely practice the skills you learn during therapy so they become stronger habits. […] Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and recreational drugs can worsen symptoms or interact with medications. […] Get active. Physical activity and exercise can help manage many symptoms, such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or taking up another form of physical activity you enjoy. However, avoid excessive exercise as a way to fix a perceived flaw.

• #57 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Practice learned strategies. At home, routinely practice the skills you learn during therapy so they become stronger habits. […] Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and recreational drugs can worsen symptoms or interact with medications. […] Get active. Physical activity and exercise can help manage many symptoms, such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consider walking, jogging, swimming, gardening or taking up another form of physical activity you enjoy. However, avoid excessive exercise as a way to fix a perceived flaw.

• #58 What Is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/mental-health-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  Because the root cause isn’t fully known, there’s currently no way to prevent or reduce risk of body dysmorphic disorder. But with treatment, it’s possible to manage the symptoms. […] Along with standard treatment, the following lifestyle strategies can help you manage the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. […] Avoid cosmetic surgery. Many people with body dysmorphic disorder think that cosmetic surgery will make them feel better, but most of the time, it doesn’t. It may make you feel worse about your area of concern, and cause a perpetual cycle of cosmetic procedures.

• #59 Body Dysmorphic Disorder Versus Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

  https://discoverymood.com/blog/body-dysmorphic-disorder-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

  Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder aims to prevent worsening of this mental illness by preventing the individual from assuming the sick role (Munchausen syndrome) and avoiding any unnecessary trips to the cosmetic surgeon or excessive medical bills. […] Psychotherapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which provides for cognitive restructuring, exposure and response prevention, perceptual retraining, and relapse prevention.

• #60 Body dysmorphic disorder – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353944

  Body dysmorphic disorder warrants treatment from a mental health professional. But you can do some things to build on your treatment plan, such as: […] Stick to your treatment plan. Don’t skip therapy sessions, even if you don’t feel like going. Even if you’re feeling well, continue to take your medications. If you stop, symptoms may come back. You could also experience withdrawal-like symptoms from stopping a medication too suddenly. […] Learn about your disorder. Education about body dysmorphic disorder can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. […] Pay attention to warning signs. Work with your health care provider or mental health provider to learn what might trigger your symptoms. Make a plan so you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your health care provider or mental health provider if you notice any changes in symptoms or how you feel.

• #61 Behavioral Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – Beyond OCD

  https://beyondocd.org/expert-perspectives/articles/behavioral-treatment-of-body-dysmorphic-disorder

  BDD should not be confused with the more common type of dissatisfaction that many people experience with themselves. […] The two major modes of treatment which I normally recommend for BDD are the same as those for OCD, medication and behavioral therapy. […] Exposure and response prevention is the primary behavioral intervention. […] Our second aim is to prevent the behaviors just mentioned that sufferers use to reassure themselves and terminate the anxiety. […] Generally, by combining this type of treatment with an OCD drug approach suited to the individual, symptoms and anxiety can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated. […] Family counseling for those close to BDD sufferers can also be of great help.

• #62

  https://journals.lww.com/intclinpsychopharm/fulltext/2021/03000/body_dysmorphic_disorder__a_treatment_synthesis.1.aspx

  Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived appearance flaw or flaws that are not observable to others. Treatment should encompass psychoeducation, particularly addressing the dangers associated with cosmetic procedures, and may require high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and protracted periods to establish full benefit. If there is an inadequate response to SSRIs, various adjunctive medications can be employed including atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and the anticonvulsant levetiracetam. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has good evidence for efficacy for BDD, and on-line and telephone-assisted forms of therapy are showing promise. […] Effective and thorough psychoeducation is an important core feature of a therapeutic framework for BDD. It is important for mental health clinicians dealing with people with BDD to have a clear and candid discussion about these matters and provide warnings about the very low likelihood of cosmetic interventions helping the BDD symptoms in the longer term: some people with BDD experience some brief relief after a cosmetic procedure but often become dissatisfied with the outcome and/or seek further procedures for the same or another physical defect.

• #63 Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) – Clinical Features and Management

  https://psychscenehub.com/psychinsights/body-dysmorphic-disorder-clinical-features-management/

  Raising public awareness about BDD is crucial, as is targeted information for cosmetic specialists, who should have a high sensitivity regarding BDD patients and who should screen patients in whom alarm red flags arise. Red flags include: […] Should the individual meet criteria for BDD, the next task is to persuade them that they cannot expect to achieve a cosmetic ‘solution’ and that they should seek expert psychological and psychiatric advice to tackle their issues efficiently. […] Re-framing can be effective, in terms of helping them accept help for their distress, anxiety, and depression, along with a plan to tackle their avoidance behaviours and time-consuming and impairing rituals.

• #64 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  By acknowledging the symptoms of BDD alongside other conditions, we will be able to ensure that we target and provide treatment for a condition that is rarely treated. […] The NICE guidelines have reported that Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRIs) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) are the two effective treatments for BDD from adult literature. […] With CBT, it is most important to work on the individuals perception and reduce the distress that arises as a result of BDD, as opposed to whether an individuals perceptions of self are true. […] Providing psychoeducation is also essential. […] It is so important that awareness is raised so that individuals can be supporting with the best treatments.

• #65 Body dysmorphic disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938

  There’s no known way to prevent body dysmorphic disorder. However, because body dysmorphic disorder often starts in the early teenage years, identifying the disorder early and starting treatment may be of some benefit. […] Long-term maintenance treatment also may help prevent a relapse of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.

• #66 Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  https://valleymed.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Conditions/Pregnancy/134,216

  What can I do to prevent body dysmorphic disorder? The best way to prevent BDD from becoming a serious problem is to catch it early. […] If your child or teen seems overly worried about their looks and needs constant reassurance, talk with their doctor. […] If you have symptoms of BDD yourself, talk with your doctor or a mental health provider.

• #67 Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): Effective Solutions | The Gateway Institute

  https://www.gatewayocd.com/related-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd/

  BDD is highly treatable with the right approach. […] Therapy, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), can be very effective in treating people with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. […] Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): This therapy involves gradually exposing yourself to situations that trigger your BDD worries and practicing resisting compulsive behaviors. […] Talk to your doctor: They can screen you for BDD and recommend treatment options. […] Seek therapy: Look for a therapist experienced in treating BDD and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). […] We offer specialized treatment programs for BDD and other anxiety disorders.

• #68 Learn About Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) | Psychology Tools

  https://www.psychologytools.com/articles/learn-about-body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments for BDD. Research indicates that medication can also be helpful, either alone or alongside CBT. […] The psychological treatment for body dysmorphic disorder which has the strongest research support is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically designed for body dysmorphic disorder, and which includes an intervention called exposure with response prevention. You should seek out a therapist who has specialist training and experience in treating body dysmorphic disorder. […] Medical treatments are usually recommended as a second-line treatment for BDD, either for those who dont want CBT, havent responded to CBT, or in combination with CBT (for more severe cases of BDD). The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend a class of medications called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) such as escitalopram or sertraline as medicinal treatments for BDD.

• #69 New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5871801/

  Patients should remain on medication for relatively long periods following symptom remission to reduce the likelihood of relapse. […] A recent prospective study showed that patients who responded to a 14-week treatment of escitalopram significantly lengthened time to relapse with continued treatment for 6 months relative to placebo. […] In treatment-resistant cases, changing the SSRI used or adding a second medication may be helpful. […] A computerized four-session treatment regimen that focused on interpretation bias modification was found to result in a significant increase in benign biases and reduction in threat biases post-treatment in comparison with placebo control treatment. […] The demonstration of a modality by which CBT can be administered via the internet has tremendous potential in increasing the access to care and in removing many significant obstacles to patient adherence.

• #70 Raising Awareness for Body Dysmorphic Disorder – ACAMH

  https://www.acamh.org/blog/awareness-body-dysmorphic-disorder/

  BDD is a mental health condition whereby individuals worry about specific flaws or defects in themselves that may not be present to the rest of us. […] Therefore, it is really important that we are aware of symptoms to help support individuals with what they are going through. […] We must promote positive and healthy behaviours to reduce the impact of BDD. […] If the above questions prompts individuals that you are working with to answer yes with regards to DSM-V criteria, as opposed to weight worries which are associated with eating disorders, it is worth considering that BDD may be a factor for the individual. […] Addressing this to the young people in our services will prompt the conversation of BDD and reduce the shame that people feel. […] It is also worth noting that whilst we are raising awareness for BDD, we are also trying to show that BDD is present alongside other diagnoses.

• #71 Behavioral Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder – Beyond OCD

  https://beyondocd.org/expert-perspectives/articles/behavioral-treatment-of-body-dysmorphic-disorder

  BDD should not be confused with the more common type of dissatisfaction that many people experience with themselves. […] The two major modes of treatment which I normally recommend for BDD are the same as those for OCD, medication and behavioral therapy. […] Exposure and response prevention is the primary behavioral intervention. […] Our second aim is to prevent the behaviors just mentioned that sufferers use to reassure themselves and terminate the anxiety. […] Generally, by combining this type of treatment with an OCD drug approach suited to the individual, symptoms and anxiety can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated. […] Family counseling for those close to BDD sufferers can also be of great help.

• #72 Body Dysmorphic – Connected Care Behavioral Health

  https://connectedcarebh.com/body-dysmorphic/

  Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental illness in which a person becomes fixated on a minor or fictitious flaw in their appearance. […] This disorder, which can affect men and women, is regrettably underdiagnosed. We specialize in treating this pervasive mental health illness and associated disorders at Connected Care Behavioral Health LLC. Our clients have had excellent success overcoming their body-related anxiety and learning to appreciate their physical attributes as they are. For the treatment of BDD, we combine Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP). Through ERP, people with BDD learn to face their feared physical flaws systematically and progressively. To gradually reclaim their lives from BDD, ERP also assists people with BDD in reducing the use of compulsions and attempts to change their looks. Through CBT, people with BDD learn to dispute their exaggerated perceptions of their bodies and to swap them out for a more accurate and nuanced evaluation of their looks.

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