Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About Mumps | Mumps | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/about/index.html

  Get vaccinated for mumps with the MMR vaccine, especially before travelling internationally. […] Protect yourself with the vaccine. Getting two doses of the mumps vaccine is the best protection against mumps. It’s usually given as a combination vaccine called measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, which protects against all three diseases. […] After the U.S. mumps vaccination program started in 1967, there has been a more than 99% decrease in mumps cases in the United States.

• #1 Mumps Vaccine Recommendations | Mumps | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/hcp/vaccine-considerations/index.html

  Mumps vaccine is included in MMR vaccine and MMRV vaccine; MMRV is only licensed for children 112 years old. […] CDC recommends children receive 2 doses of MMR vaccine. […] A third dose of MMR may be recommended for people at risk of mumps during an outbreak. […] Two doses of mumps vaccine are 86% (range: 32% to 95%) effective at preventing mumps. […] One dose is 72% (range: 49% to 91%) effective at preventing mumps. […] ACIP recommends that people who don’t have presumptive evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella should get vaccinated against these diseases. […] CDC recommends children should routinely get 2 doses of MMR vaccine: First dose at age 12 through 15 months; Second dose at age 4 through 6 years (before school entry). […] Adults and teens should also be up to date on MMR vaccinations with either 1 or 2 doses (depending on risk factors); unless they have other presumptive evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella.

• #1 Mumps Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Inpatient Care, Consultations and Transfer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966678-treatment

  A single dose of vaccine in the volume specified by the manufacturer (standardly 0.5 mL) should be administered subcutaneously (SC). […] Administration of the live attenuated mumps virus vaccine as either MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) or MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) is recommended at any age on or after the first birthday for all susceptible persons, unless a contraindication is present. […] Vaccination post-exposure is not harmful and may possibly avert later disease.

• #1 Mumps Vaccine Recommendations | Mumps | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/hcp/vaccine-considerations/index.html

  Mumps vaccine is recommended for vaccinating people in specific groups who do not have evidence of immunity against mumps, including: College students, International travelers, Healthcare personnel, Groups at increased risk during mumps outbreak. […] Unlike with measles, MMR vaccine is not effective at helping protect people who have recently been infected with mumps (post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP). […] Close contacts should still be offered a 1 dose to help protect them against future exposures, if their prior exposures did not result in infection.

• #1 Managing Mumps Exposures in Health Care Workers – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mumps/hcp/manage.html

  Health care workers (HCWs) include everyone working in a health care facility that has the potential for exposure to infectious materials. Workers providing direct, face-to-face patient care should be prioritized. The presumptive evidence of immunity criteria for HCWs differs slightly from the criteria for community settings. […] Evidence of mumps immunity for HCWs includes (1): Having had 2 doses of MMR vaccine, or Serologic evidence of immunity, or Birth before 1957, or Laboratory confirmation of disease. […] For HCWs with 2 documented doses of MMR or other acceptable evidence of immunity to mumps, serologic testing for immunity is not recommended. […] HCWs without evidence of immunity should receive either: Two doses MMR vaccine, or Serologic immune status testing with follow-up vaccination of persons with negative or equivocal results.

• #1 Managing Mumps Exposures in Health Care Workers – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mumps/hcp/manage.html

  Though most persons born before 1957 are likely to be immune to mumps, this does not guarantee mumps immunity. Health care facilities should consider vaccinating HCWs born before 1957 who lack evidence of immunity with 2 doses of MMR at the appropriate interval. […] Unprotected exposure to mumps is typically defined as being within 3 feet of a patient with a diagnosis of mumps without the use of proper personal protective equipment. […] HCWs who lack evidence of immunity and have had unprotected exposures to mumps should be excluded from work from the 12th day after the first unprotected exposure to mumps through the 25th day after the last exposure. […] HCWs with evidence of immunity do not need to be excluded from work following an unprotected exposure. […] However, 2 doses of MMR vaccine do not provide 100 percent protection from mumps. Some vaccinated personnel may remain at risk for mumps.

• #1 Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Mumps Outbreaks in Canada

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798733/

  Mumps is generally spread by close face-to-face contact. Infection occurs through direct contact with saliva or respiratory droplets from the nose or throat, spread through coughing, sneezing, sharing drinks, or kissing, or from contact with any surface that has been contaminated with the mumps virus. […] The public health response to increased mumps activity includes managing cases, contact identification and management; identifying social networks when individual follow-up is not feasible; and maintaining/enhancing surveillance for further cases and disease outcomes (e.g., hospitalizations, complications). Generally, a mumps outbreak is controlled by the following methods: defining the at-risk populations and transmission settings; preventing further transmission through isolation of cases and contact education/awareness; protecting susceptible populations with immunization (where no contraindication to MMR vaccine exists); and good risk communication.

• #1 Mumps Postexposure Prophylaxis with a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Orange County, New York, USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3810923/

  Although the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is not recommended for mumps postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), data on its effectiveness are limited. […] ACIP does not recommend administering MMR vaccine during mumps outbreaks as postexposure prophylaxis (i.e., vaccine administered during a brief window after exposure to prevent mumps infection) (5). […] The objective of this study was to assess secondary mumps attack rates among Orthodox Jewish household contacts in Orange County, New York, who received PEP with a third dose of MMR vaccine within 5 days of mumps introduction into a household by a family member, and compare them with household contacts of persons who had received 2 previous MMR doses and did not receive PEP. […] Although a third MMR dose administered as PEP did not have a significant effect, it may offer some benefits in specific outbreak contexts.

• #1 Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Mumps Outbreaks in Canada

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798733/

  Mumps immunization after exposure to mumps virus may not prevent the disease. Should the exposure not result in an infection, the vaccine should confer protection against future exposures. […] In response to recent mumps outbreaks in Canada, several jurisdictions have undertaken immunization campaigns targeting populations that may be susceptible to mumps. […] Jurisdictions contemplating an immunization campaign for susceptible groups as part of their outbreak control strategy should consider using the epidemiology of the outbreak to define their target susceptible group.

• #1 Mumps Postexposure Prophylaxis with a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Orange County, New York, USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3810923/

  If the exposure did not result in infection, the vaccine should boost antibody titers high enough to induce protection against subsequent infection (13,14). […] If infection does occur, the postexposure vaccine dose may lead to milder clinical manifestations, lower complication rates, and shorter duration of virus shedding (15). […] Although 2 MMR doses are sufficient for preventing mumps in most settings, administering a third MMR dose may be worthwhile in specific outbreak contexts, even if it does not offer protection as PEP.

• #1 Mumps: Symptoms, causes, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/224382

  However, individuals are not advised to have the MMR vaccine if: The patient’s immune system is seriously compromised, The patient has had an allergic reaction to neomycin (a type of antibiotic) or gelatin, The patient is pregnant or soon to be pregnant (in the next 4 weeks). […] There are a number of precautions that help prevent the spread of infection; these are: Washing hands with water and soap frequently, Not going into work/school until 5 days after the symptoms start, Covering the nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing.

• #1 Mumps | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mumps

  Women who are planning pregnancy and do not have immunity to mumps should be vaccinated before becoming pregnant, or delay vaccination until after the birth of their child. […] Vaccinated women should avoid pregnancy for 28 days after vaccination. […] If you are pregnant (or planning on becoming pregnant) or have a weakened immune system, contact your doctor or immunisation provider to discuss your options.

• #1 Mumps Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Inpatient Care, Consultations and Transfer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966678-treatment

  Initially, children with mumps were excluded from school and childcare centers for 9 days following the onset of parotid gland swelling. However in 2007, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) modified their recommendation from 9-day isolation guidance (standard precautions and droplets precautions) to 5 days after the onset of clinical symptoms (eg, parotitis) based on current medical evidence. […] Susceptible children, adolescents, and adults should be vaccinated against mumps, unless vaccination is contraindicated. Mumps vaccine is important for children approaching puberty and for adolescents and, adults who have not had mumps. The MMR vaccine is the vaccine of choice for routine administration and should be used in all situations in which recipients are also likely to be susceptible to measles, rubella, or both.

• #1 Mumps Clinical Information – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mumps/hcp/clinical.html

  Mumps cases in the U.S. vary widely each year depending on whether or not large outbreaks are occurring. On average, Minnesota reports fewer than 10 cases of mumps each year. […] Most individuals in Minnesota are vaccinated for mumps. Two doses of the vaccine are about 88 percent effective at protecting against mumps; one dose is about 78 percent effective. Outbreaks can still occur in highly vaccinated communities, particularly in close-contact settings. However, high vaccination coverage helps limit the size, duration, and spread of mumps outbreaks. […] Suspect and confirmed mumps cases should be excluded from school, child care, work, or other public settings through 5 days after onset of swelling. […] Health care workers who develop mumps should be excluded from work for 5 days following onset of swelling. Upon return to work, facilities may recommend that health care workers wear a mask through day 9. Although this is not stated in standard guidelines, MDH considers this a reasonable approach. […] Droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions should be used when providing direct care to suspected mumps cases.

• #1 Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Mumps Outbreaks in Canada

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798733/

  There is no specific or prophylactic treatment for mumps; all confirmed and clinical cases of mumps should be offered supportive care. Cases should be encouraged to practise good hand hygiene, avoid sharing drinking glasses or utensils, and cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or forearm. […] Immunization of mumps-susceptible contacts with MMR vaccine should be considered. However, immunization after exposure may not prevent infection. […] To minimize the spread of the virus and the impact on vulnerable groups, contacts with serious mumps-like symptoms should be advised to call ahead before visiting their health care provider. […] The mumps vaccine is a live, attenuated virus vaccine and is available in the combined form with measles and rubella vaccine. […] The MMR vaccines are safe, immunogenic, and effective and are recommended by NACI and PHAC for primary immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella.

• #1 Mumps – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps

  Mumps is preventable with vaccination. Mumps vaccines use live attenuated viruses. Most countries include mumps vaccination in their immunization programs, and the MMR vaccine, which also protects against measles and rubella, is the most commonly used mumps vaccine. Mumps vaccination can also be done on its own and as a part of the MMRV vaccine, which also protects against measles, rubella, chickenpox, and shingles. More than 120 countries have adopted mumps vaccination, but coverage remains low in most African, South Asian, and Southeast Asian countries. In countries that have implemented mumps vaccination, significant declines in mumps cases and complications caused by infection such as encephalitis have been observed. Mumps vaccines are typically administered in early childhood, but may also be given in adolescence and adulthood if need be. Vaccination is expected to be capable of neutralizing wild-type MuVs, which are not included in the vaccine, since they do not appear to evade vaccine-derived immunity.

• #1 Factsheet about mumps

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/mumps/facts

  Immunisation is the only effective method of prevention. […] Mumps vaccine is given in the form of the combined trivalent MMR vaccine in all European countries with a first dose traditionally in the second year of life. The timing of the second dose varies across countries. […] The mumps component of the MMR vaccine is about 88% (range: 3195%) effective when two doses are given; one dose is about 78% (range: 49%92%) effective. […] Mathematical models indicate that 8590% immunisation coverage is required to achieve herd immunity and the elimination of mumps transmission.

• #1 Mumps Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Inpatient Care, Consultations and Transfer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966678-treatment

  The principal strategy to prevent mumps is to achieve and maintain high immunization levels, primarily in infants and young children. Universal immunization, as part of preventative good health care, should be routinely carried out in physicians’ offices and public health clinics. Programs aimed to vaccine children with MMR should be established and maintained in all communities. In addition, all other persons thought to be susceptible should be vaccinated, unless otherwise contraindicated. Reaching adolescents and young adults is especially important, due to the past observed increased risk of disease in these populations. […] If a case of mumps occurs in a childcare facility, immediately notify the local health department and parents/caregivers. Make sure all children and adults continue to follow good handwashing practices. In large facilities, follow appropriate group separation guidelines. Review the immunization records of all children in the facility to assure that they have received their first mumps vaccination. Those not adequately vaccinated should be referred to their health care provider. Continue to closely observe all children for symptoms and refer anyone developing symptoms to his or her primary care provider.

• #1 Mumps | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/health/diseases-conditions-and-immunization/immunizations/mumps

  Mumps is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by infection with the mumps virus. […] All children between 12 and 15 months of age should be vaccinated with the first dose of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella vaccine). A booster dose of MMR is recommended at 4 to 6 years of age. Two doses of mumps-containing vaccine are about 88 percent effective in preventing illness. Children are required to have documentation of vaccination against mumps in order to attend early childhood facilities, schools and colleges in North Dakota. […] The immunization status of all children and staff at schools or early childhood facilities should be reviewed. […] During mumps outbreaks, exposed children and staff who have not been immunized should be excluded until they are vaccinated, or, if they refuse vaccination, they should continue to be excluded until the NDHHS determines it is safe for them to return.

• #1

  https://historyofvaccines.org/diseases/mumps/

  In the United States, cases of mumps have dropped by 99% since the introduction of a vaccine in 1967. […] The World Health Organizations position on mumps immunization is that Routine mumps vaccination is recommended in countries with a well established, effective childhood vaccination programme and the capacity to maintain high-level vaccination coverage with measles and rubella vaccination (that is, coverage that is 80%) and where the reduction of mumps incidence is a public health priority. […] WHO recommends that mumps immunization be accomplished via the MMR vaccine, rather than a single component mumps vaccine.

• #1 Mumps – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361

  Most people who have had the mumps vaccines, called fully vaccinated, are protected from mumps infections. People who aren’t vaccinated are more likely to get mumps. […] For some people, vaccine protection may go down over time. When fully vaccinated people get mumps, they usually have milder symptoms and fewer complications. […] The mumps vaccine is a part of the recommended childhood vaccinations. It’s usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The schedule is: […] If you haven’t had two doses or aren’t sure, talk to your health care provider. You may need two doses of the vaccine or a booster. This is especially important if you are in a high-risk setting or in an outbreak. […] If you’re not sure if you’re vaccinated, a blood test can show whether you have antibodies to mumps. If you have antibodies to the virus, then your immune system would fight a mumps infection and you don’t need another vaccine. […] The MMR vaccine is safe and effective. Most people have no side effects.

• #1 Mumps: Symptoms, causes, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/224382

  The mumps vaccine is the best method for preventing mumps; it can come on its own or as part of the MMR vaccine. The MMR vaccine also defends the body against rubella and measles. […] The MMR vaccine is given to an infant when they are just over 1 year old and again, as a booster, just before they start school. […] The mumps vaccine is routinely given to children in 82 countries. In many of these countries, encephalitis and deafness related to mumps have nearly disappeared. […] An adult can be given the MMR at any age; a doctor may advise someone to take the vaccine before traveling abroad to certain regions, including: India, Some parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, Japan, Pakistan. […] If suffering from cancer or a disease that lowers the immune system, a doctor would need to be consulted before the MMR vaccine is considered.

• #1 Mumps – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/immunization/vaccine-preventable-diseases/mumps/prevention.html

  The most important way to prevent mumps is to make sure that you and your family members are vaccinated. Mumps can easily be prevented through 2 doses of the mumps-containing vaccine. These vaccines are safe, effective and available free of charge to Canadians. […] The mumps vaccine is part of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine. This vaccine is given by needle to children between 12 and 15 months of age and again at 18 months of age, or any time before a child starts school. […] If you are planning to travel abroad: visit your health care provider at least 6 weeks before you leave, make sure your immunizations are up to date for you and your children, and check the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Travel Health Notices webpage for notices regarding mumps.

• #1 Mumps Prevention Measures: Combating Mumps: Vital preventive measures for India | – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/combatting-mumps-vital-preventive-measures-for-india/articleshow/109320938.cms

  Early recognition can prompt individuals to seek medical care, reducing transmission. Symptoms include fever, headache, swollen glands, and jaw pain. Public service announcements, posters, and social media campaigns can disseminate this information effectively. […] Regular handwashing with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing, can curb the spread of the virus. […] Enhancing disease surveillance systems enables prompt identification and containment of outbreaks. Healthcare providers must report suspected cases to health authorities swiftly for effective response measures. […] Ensuring healthcare facilities are equipped to manage mumps cases is essential. Adequate supplies of vaccines, diagnostic tools, and treatment options must be maintained. […] Healthcare professionals should receive training on mumps management, including diagnosis, treatment, and infection control measures. This empowers them to handle cases effectively and prevent nosocomial spread.

• #1 Mumps Resources | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/vaccine-preventable-diseases/mumps/mumps-resources

  Once an outbreak is identified, it is vital to notify local area physicians and hospitals as soon as possible. […] To reduce transmission of mumps during an outbreak by raising the physicians index of suspicion for mumps, thereby isolating more patients early in the infectious period. […] To ensure appropriate testing of mumps suspects and contacts, and appropriate exclusion from school/work for cases. […] To remind health care providers of the importance of vaccinating patients appropriately. […] This handout is intended primarily for healthcare providers but can be used to provide summary mumps vaccine information to anyone interested. […] The letter is meant to inform people about potential exposure to mumps. […] provide information about vaccination, and […] provide information about how people can protect themselves.

• #1 Mumps Prevention Measures: Combating Mumps: Vital preventive measures for India | – Times of India

  https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/combatting-mumps-vital-preventive-measures-for-india/articleshow/109320938.cms

  A robust vaccination program, coupled with public awareness, hygiene promotion, surveillance, and healthcare system readiness, can mitigate the impact of mumps outbreaks. Collaborative efforts between government bodies, healthcare providers, and the public are pivotal in safeguarding community health and preventing future spikes. Taking these preventive measures proactively is not just prudent; it’s essential for a healthier, mumps-free India.

• #2 Mumps: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html

  Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. […] There is no treatment for mumps, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it. […] Before the routine vaccination program in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children and young adults. […] Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) […] MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps and Rubella): What You Need to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) – PDF Also in Spanish […] MMRV Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella): What You Need to Know (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) – PDF Also in Spanish.

• #2 Mumps – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps

  Mumps is preventable with vaccination. Mumps vaccines use live attenuated viruses. Most countries include mumps vaccination in their immunization programs, and the MMR vaccine, which also protects against measles and rubella, is the most commonly used mumps vaccine. Mumps vaccination can also be done on its own and as a part of the MMRV vaccine, which also protects against measles, rubella, chickenpox, and shingles. More than 120 countries have adopted mumps vaccination, but coverage remains low in most African, South Asian, and Southeast Asian countries. In countries that have implemented mumps vaccination, significant declines in mumps cases and complications caused by infection such as encephalitis have been observed. Mumps vaccines are typically administered in early childhood, but may also be given in adolescence and adulthood if need be. Vaccination is expected to be capable of neutralizing wild-type MuVs, which are not included in the vaccine, since they do not appear to evade vaccine-derived immunity.

• #2 Factsheet about mumps

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/mumps/facts

  Immunisation is the only effective method of prevention. […] Mumps vaccine is given in the form of the combined trivalent MMR vaccine in all European countries with a first dose traditionally in the second year of life. The timing of the second dose varies across countries. […] The mumps component of the MMR vaccine is about 88% (range: 3195%) effective when two doses are given; one dose is about 78% (range: 49%92%) effective. […] Mathematical models indicate that 8590% immunisation coverage is required to achieve herd immunity and the elimination of mumps transmission.

• #2 Mumps: Symptoms, Treatments, and ComplicationsHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mumps

  How can I prevent mumps? Vaccination can prevent mumps. Most infants and children receive a vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) at the same time. The first MMR shot is generally given between the ages of 12 and 15 months at a routine well-child visit. A second vaccination is necessary for school-aged children between 4 and 6 years old. With two doses, the mumps vaccine is approximately 88 percent effective. The rate of effectiveness of only one dose is about 78 percent. […] Adults who were born before 1957 and haven’t yet contracted mumps may wish to be vaccinated. Those who work in a high-risk environment, such as a hospital or school, should always be vaccinated against mumps. […] However, people who have compromised immune systems, are allergic to gelatin or neomycin, or are pregnant, shouldn’t receive the MMR vaccine. Consult your family doctor about an immunization schedule for you and your children.

• #2 Mumps – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20375361

  Most people who have had the mumps vaccines, called fully vaccinated, are protected from mumps infections. People who aren’t vaccinated are more likely to get mumps. […] For some people, vaccine protection may go down over time. When fully vaccinated people get mumps, they usually have milder symptoms and fewer complications. […] The mumps vaccine is a part of the recommended childhood vaccinations. It’s usually given as a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The schedule is: […] If you haven’t had two doses or aren’t sure, talk to your health care provider. You may need two doses of the vaccine or a booster. This is especially important if you are in a high-risk setting or in an outbreak. […] If you’re not sure if you’re vaccinated, a blood test can show whether you have antibodies to mumps. If you have antibodies to the virus, then your immune system would fight a mumps infection and you don’t need another vaccine. […] The MMR vaccine is safe and effective. Most people have no side effects.

• #2 Mumps Resources | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/vaccine-preventable-diseases/mumps/mumps-resources

  Once an outbreak is identified, it is vital to notify local area physicians and hospitals as soon as possible. […] To reduce transmission of mumps during an outbreak by raising the physicians index of suspicion for mumps, thereby isolating more patients early in the infectious period. […] To ensure appropriate testing of mumps suspects and contacts, and appropriate exclusion from school/work for cases. […] To remind health care providers of the importance of vaccinating patients appropriately. […] This handout is intended primarily for healthcare providers but can be used to provide summary mumps vaccine information to anyone interested. […] The letter is meant to inform people about potential exposure to mumps. […] provide information about vaccination, and […] provide information about how people can protect themselves.

• #2 Mumps | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/health/diseases-conditions-and-immunization/immunizations/mumps

  During mumps outbreaks, the NDHHS may recommend that certain individuals receive a third dose of MMR vaccine. […] Cost should not be a barrier to vaccination. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program provides all recommended vaccines to children who are American Indian, uninsured or underinsured, and Medicaid-eligible. Many recommended vaccines are also available for uninsured adults. Vaccines are available at your local health care provider, public health department or pharmacy.

• #2 Mumps Postexposure Prophylaxis with a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Orange County, New York, USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3810923/

  Although the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is not recommended for mumps postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), data on its effectiveness are limited. […] ACIP does not recommend administering MMR vaccine during mumps outbreaks as postexposure prophylaxis (i.e., vaccine administered during a brief window after exposure to prevent mumps infection) (5). […] The objective of this study was to assess secondary mumps attack rates among Orthodox Jewish household contacts in Orange County, New York, who received PEP with a third dose of MMR vaccine within 5 days of mumps introduction into a household by a family member, and compare them with household contacts of persons who had received 2 previous MMR doses and did not receive PEP. […] Although a third MMR dose administered as PEP did not have a significant effect, it may offer some benefits in specific outbreak contexts.

• #2 Mumps Postexposure Prophylaxis with a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Orange County, New York, USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3810923/

  If the exposure did not result in infection, the vaccine should boost antibody titers high enough to induce protection against subsequent infection (13,14). […] If infection does occur, the postexposure vaccine dose may lead to milder clinical manifestations, lower complication rates, and shorter duration of virus shedding (15). […] Although 2 MMR doses are sufficient for preventing mumps in most settings, administering a third MMR dose may be worthwhile in specific outbreak contexts, even if it does not offer protection as PEP.

• #2 Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Mumps Outbreaks in Canada

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6798733/

  Mumps immunization after exposure to mumps virus may not prevent the disease. Should the exposure not result in an infection, the vaccine should confer protection against future exposures. […] In response to recent mumps outbreaks in Canada, several jurisdictions have undertaken immunization campaigns targeting populations that may be susceptible to mumps. […] Jurisdictions contemplating an immunization campaign for susceptible groups as part of their outbreak control strategy should consider using the epidemiology of the outbreak to define their target susceptible group.

• #2 Mumps Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Inpatient Care, Consultations and Transfer

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966678-treatment

  A single dose of vaccine in the volume specified by the manufacturer (standardly 0.5 mL) should be administered subcutaneously (SC). […] Administration of the live attenuated mumps virus vaccine as either MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) or MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) is recommended at any age on or after the first birthday for all susceptible persons, unless a contraindication is present. […] Vaccination post-exposure is not harmful and may possibly avert later disease.

• #2 Mumps | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/mumps

  Free mumps-containing vaccine is available through the National Immunisation Program Schedule for: children at 12 months old (given as MMR vaccine) children 18 months old (given as MMRV vaccine). […] Free catch-up vaccines are available for: people aged up to 20 years who have not been fully vaccinated refugees and humanitarian entrants aged 20 and over. […] In Victoria, one or 2 doses of free MMR vaccine are also available for all people born during or since 1966 without evidence of receiving 2 documented doses of valid MMR vaccine, or without blood test results showing evidence of immunity. […] If you have not received the vaccine, ask your doctor or immunisation provider about catch-up doses. […] Mumps-containing vaccines are not recommended for: pregnant women people with a weakened immune system ask your doctor if you are in this category.

• #2 Mumps – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/mumps/mumps+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Mumps is an illness due to infection with the mumps virus. […] Mumps is best prevented by the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) combination vaccine or the measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) combination vaccine. […] Almost 100% of people who have had 2 doses of a mumps-containing vaccine will be protected against mumps. […] Exclude the person with mumps from childcare, preschool, school and work for 5 days after the onset of swelling. […] Tissues and other objects soiled with nasal secretions should be disposed of appropriately. […] Vaccination of contacts after exposure will not stop the infection, though it will protect against future exposures.

• #2 Mumps: Symptoms, causes, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/224382

  However, individuals are not advised to have the MMR vaccine if: The patient’s immune system is seriously compromised, The patient has had an allergic reaction to neomycin (a type of antibiotic) or gelatin, The patient is pregnant or soon to be pregnant (in the next 4 weeks). […] There are a number of precautions that help prevent the spread of infection; these are: Washing hands with water and soap frequently, Not going into work/school until 5 days after the symptoms start, Covering the nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing.

• #2 Mumps – Treatment – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mumps/treatment/

  If you or your child has mumps, it’s important to prevent the infection spreading, particularly to people who do not have immunity from a previous infection and have not been vaccinated. […] The best way to do this is to: […] stay away from school, college or work until 5 days after you first developed symptoms […] wash your hands regularly, using soap and water […] always use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough and sneeze, and throw the tissue in a bin immediately afterwards.

• #2 Mumps: Symptoms, causes, and treatmentMedical News Today

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/224382

  The mumps vaccine is the best method for preventing mumps; it can come on its own or as part of the MMR vaccine. The MMR vaccine also defends the body against rubella and measles. […] The MMR vaccine is given to an infant when they are just over 1 year old and again, as a booster, just before they start school. […] The mumps vaccine is routinely given to children in 82 countries. In many of these countries, encephalitis and deafness related to mumps have nearly disappeared. […] An adult can be given the MMR at any age; a doctor may advise someone to take the vaccine before traveling abroad to certain regions, including: India, Some parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, Japan, Pakistan. […] If suffering from cancer or a disease that lowers the immune system, a doctor would need to be consulted before the MMR vaccine is considered.

• #2 Mumps | Health and Human Services North Dakota

  https://www.hhs.nd.gov/health/diseases-conditions-and-immunization/immunizations/mumps

  Mumps is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by infection with the mumps virus. […] All children between 12 and 15 months of age should be vaccinated with the first dose of MMR (measles, mumps and rubella vaccine). A booster dose of MMR is recommended at 4 to 6 years of age. Two doses of mumps-containing vaccine are about 88 percent effective in preventing illness. Children are required to have documentation of vaccination against mumps in order to attend early childhood facilities, schools and colleges in North Dakota. […] The immunization status of all children and staff at schools or early childhood facilities should be reviewed. […] During mumps outbreaks, exposed children and staff who have not been immunized should be excluded until they are vaccinated, or, if they refuse vaccination, they should continue to be excluded until the NDHHS determines it is safe for them to return.

• #2 Mumps – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mumps

  Mumps is a contagious viral illness that is largely preventable via vaccination. […] The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mumps are discussed here. Issues related to vaccination for prevention of mumps are discussed separately. […] Since implementation of routine vaccination, there has been a more than 99 percent decrease in mumps cases in the United States. […] The number of cases reported in 2016 and 2017 (6369 and 5629, respectively) were the highest in a decade.

• #2 Mumps: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.health.com/mumps-8730534

  Mumps is contagious and has no specific cure, but the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine reduces your risk of getting sick. The MMR vaccine is 88% effective against mumps, and vaccinated people who contract mumps have milder symptoms. […] The best way to prevent mumps is with the MMR vaccine. Even though it’s not 100% effective, vaccination provides added protection by preventing more severe symptoms and complications in people who get sick. […] Vaccination also limits the spread of the virus and protects people in your community who can’t get the vaccine, like very young infants. Its protection usually lasts for life, though it sometimes wanes in older adults. […] You can also prevent the spread of mumps by staying home (and, if possible, away from others in your home) if you are sick with the virus. Experts recommend isolating yourself when you are feeling ill and for five days after any salivary gland swelling begins. […] In the meantime, it’s important to practice good disease prevention, including frequent handwashing and covering your coughing and sneezing.

• #2 Mumps – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/immunization/vaccine-preventable-diseases/mumps/prevention.html

  The most important way to prevent mumps is to make sure that you and your family members are vaccinated. Mumps can easily be prevented through 2 doses of the mumps-containing vaccine. These vaccines are safe, effective and available free of charge to Canadians. […] The mumps vaccine is part of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine. This vaccine is given by needle to children between 12 and 15 months of age and again at 18 months of age, or any time before a child starts school. […] If you are planning to travel abroad: visit your health care provider at least 6 weeks before you leave, make sure your immunizations are up to date for you and your children, and check the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Travel Health Notices webpage for notices regarding mumps.

• #2 WHO EMRO | Mumps: risk communication and community engagement guidance | Publications | Health Emergency Preparedness and Internat

  https://www.emro.who.int/cpi/publications/mumps-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-guidance.html

  Mumps is an acute disease (sudden onset and typically of short duration) of children and young adults caused by a paramyxovirus, a type of virus known for causing respiratory and other infections. […] Though mumps can occur in fully vaccinated individuals, those who are vaccinated are at much lower risk of developing mumps and its complications. […] Patients should stay isolated for 5 days after the swelling of their glands begins. […] Emphasize the importance of washing hands with soap (if available) and water whenever possible, especially before eating and after coughing or sneezing. […] In the absence of standard masks, encourage the use of cloth face coverings made from available materials. […] Prioritize vaccination. The mumps vaccine is available in different forms: as a single vaccine (monovalent), combined with measles (bivalent), and combined with both measles and rubella (MMR measles-mumps-rubella vaccine). […] Building strong community awareness and education on mumps symptoms, transmission and prevention helps in the early detection and control of outbreaks.

• #2 Mumps Clinical Information – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/mumps/hcp/clinical.html

  Mumps cases in the U.S. vary widely each year depending on whether or not large outbreaks are occurring. On average, Minnesota reports fewer than 10 cases of mumps each year. […] Most individuals in Minnesota are vaccinated for mumps. Two doses of the vaccine are about 88 percent effective at protecting against mumps; one dose is about 78 percent effective. Outbreaks can still occur in highly vaccinated communities, particularly in close-contact settings. However, high vaccination coverage helps limit the size, duration, and spread of mumps outbreaks. […] Suspect and confirmed mumps cases should be excluded from school, child care, work, or other public settings through 5 days after onset of swelling. […] Health care workers who develop mumps should be excluded from work for 5 days following onset of swelling. Upon return to work, facilities may recommend that health care workers wear a mask through day 9. Although this is not stated in standard guidelines, MDH considers this a reasonable approach. […] Droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions should be used when providing direct care to suspected mumps cases.

• #3 Communicable Diseases – Mumps | novascotia.ca

  https://novascotia.ca/dhw/CDPC/mumps.asp

  Mumps is caused by a virus. It can cause fever, headache, and swollen painful cheeks and neck. It can also cause deafness, infections of the lining around the spinal cord and brain (meningitis), and sterility. Mumps is spread like a cold, by coughing and sneezing. […] Adults and children with mumps must stay home from any group setting for five days after they first have symptoms. This includes school, college or university, childcare facilities, and workplaces. […] Getting vaccinated is your best protection against mumps. All children should receive mumps vaccine twice: at one year of age and again before they start school. The vaccine is given with the measles, rubella and chicken pox vaccine. […] If you have not had mumps or not received the mumps vaccine, avoid close contact with anyone who has mumps.

• #3 Mumps Postexposure Prophylaxis with a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Orange County, New York, USA

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3810923/

  If the exposure did not result in infection, the vaccine should boost antibody titers high enough to induce protection against subsequent infection (13,14). […] If infection does occur, the postexposure vaccine dose may lead to milder clinical manifestations, lower complication rates, and shorter duration of virus shedding (15). […] Although 2 MMR doses are sufficient for preventing mumps in most settings, administering a third MMR dose may be worthwhile in specific outbreak contexts, even if it does not offer protection as PEP.

• #3 Mumps – Treatment – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mumps/treatment/

  If you or your child has mumps, it’s important to prevent the infection spreading, particularly to people who do not have immunity from a previous infection and have not been vaccinated. […] The best way to do this is to: […] stay away from school, college or work until 5 days after you first developed symptoms […] wash your hands regularly, using soap and water […] always use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose when you cough and sneeze, and throw the tissue in a bin immediately afterwards.

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