Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #2 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. […] A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. […] We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. […] Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. […] The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. […] The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029.

• #3 Department of Health | Workplace Health and Safety | Silicosis Surveillance and Intervention

  https://www.nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/occupational-health-surveillance/silicosis/

  Silicosis Surveillance and Intervention […] Silicosis is a disabling and sometimes fatal lung disease caused by overexposure to dust containing crystalline silica. Silicosis cannot be cured, but it can be prevented. […] Breathing dust generated from working with these materials can scar the lungs. Once silicosis develops, the damage is permanent. The scarring of the lung tissue cannot be reversed. […] Symptoms and Types of Silicosis […] Silicosis begins with few, if any, symptoms. Once present, these symptoms can include shortness of breath, severe cough, wheezing, and chest tightness. Breathing dust containing crystalline silica has also been linked to other diseases such as tuberculosis, kidney disease, and lung cancer. Symptoms can include fever, weight loss, and night sweats. These symptoms can become worse over time, leading to death.

• #4 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  Silicosis not a disease of the past. It is an irreversible, fibrotic lung disease specifically caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Over 20,000 incident cases of silicosis were identified in 2017 and millions of workers continue to be exposed to RCS. Identified case numbers are however a substantial underestimation due to deficiencies in reporting systems and occupational respiratory health surveillance programmes in many countries. […] This review provides global and regional perspectives of the epidemiology of silicosis, sources of exposure and barriers that have hampered global elimination. […] In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identified 23,695 incident cases of silicosis (age-standardized incidence rate [ASIR] = 0.30 per 100,000), which represents 39% of the 60,055 incident cases of pneumoconiosis.

• #5 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #6 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. […] A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. […] We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. […] Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. […] The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. […] The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029.

• #7 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  Silicosis not a disease of the past. It is an irreversible, fibrotic lung disease specifically caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Over 20,000 incident cases of silicosis were identified in 2017 and millions of workers continue to be exposed to RCS. Identified case numbers are however a substantial underestimation due to deficiencies in reporting systems and occupational respiratory health surveillance programmes in many countries. […] This review provides global and regional perspectives of the epidemiology of silicosis, sources of exposure and barriers that have hampered global elimination. […] In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identified 23,695 incident cases of silicosis (age-standardized incidence rate [ASIR] = 0.30 per 100,000), which represents 39% of the 60,055 incident cases of pneumoconiosis.

• #8 What is silicosis and what does research say about it?

  https://journalistsresource.org/home/silicosis-an-explainer-and-research-roundup/

  The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study estimates that more than 12,900 people worldwide die from silicosis each year. […] In the wake of modern-day silicosis cases, researchers have called for larger studies to better understand the disease and the discovery of effective treatments. […] This study examines the use of electronic case reporting to identify silicosis cases in California. […] From October 2022 to July 2023, the California Department of Public Health received initial silicosis case reports for 41 individuals. […] Notably, engineered stone countertop fabrication was a significant source of exposure, especially among Hispanic and Latino workers. […] It is important that health care providers routinely ask patients about their work as an important determinant of health, the authors write. Being aware of the risks associated with work exposures, as well as the regulations, medical monitoring, and prevention strategies that address those risks can help guide patient care.

• #9 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #10 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #11 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  The epidemiology of silicosis in Asia is described by the GBS Study. In 2017, the regional incidence of silicosis were East Asia 15,980, Southeast Asia 656, Central Asia 18 and South Asia 2823. Globally, the region of East Asia had the highest overall ASIR of 0.78 per 100,000. […] In the GBD estimates for Africa, silicosis comprised 32% of all pneumoconiosis, and new cases increased by 124% from 1990 to 2017. […] The GBD study presents an encouraging decreasing trend in silicosis incidence from 1990 to 2017 (ASIR: 0.33 vs. 0.20 in Central Europe, 0.09 vs. 0.07 in Eastern Europe, 0.12 vs. 0.04 in Western Europe). […] In Brazil, the development of the National Program to eliminate silicosis began in 2002, but significant numbers of new cases continue to be reported through surveillance systems.

• #12 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  US data show a lessening of the rate of decline in deaths from silicosis after 1995, with an increased proportion of deaths in the age group younger than 45 years. These data indicate that intense overexposures to respirable crystalline silica continue to occur despite the existence of legally enforceable limits. A study of South African gold miners after they had left the mining industry documented a 25% cumulative risk of silicosis after 28 years of mining at a 0.33 mg/m3 silica exposure level. A death certificate study of South Dakota gold miners predicted that a 45-year cumulative exposure from ages 20 to 65 years at 0.09 mg/m3 would result in a 47% lifetime risk of silicosis. A study of Hong Kong granite quarriers indicated that cumulative silica exposure between 1 and 5 mg/m3 per year led to radiologic silicosis in 32% of men aged 50 years and older. In a study of Colorado miners who had left the hard rock mining industry, estimated exposures using silica measurements (in contrast to dust measurements) were associated with even higher risks of radiologic silicosis. In China, 23 million workers are exposed to silica, whereas in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has estimated that at least 1.7 million workers are exposed to silica, with between 1500 and 2360 of whom will develop silicosis each year.

• #13 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  The epidemiology of silicosis in Asia is described by the GBS Study. In 2017, the regional incidence of silicosis were East Asia 15,980, Southeast Asia 656, Central Asia 18 and South Asia 2823. Globally, the region of East Asia had the highest overall ASIR of 0.78 per 100,000. […] In the GBD estimates for Africa, silicosis comprised 32% of all pneumoconiosis, and new cases increased by 124% from 1990 to 2017. […] The GBD study presents an encouraging decreasing trend in silicosis incidence from 1990 to 2017 (ASIR: 0.33 vs. 0.20 in Central Europe, 0.09 vs. 0.07 in Eastern Europe, 0.12 vs. 0.04 in Western Europe). […] In Brazil, the development of the National Program to eliminate silicosis began in 2002, but significant numbers of new cases continue to be reported through surveillance systems.

• #14 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  The epidemiology of silicosis in Asia is described by the GBS Study. In 2017, the regional incidence of silicosis were East Asia 15,980, Southeast Asia 656, Central Asia 18 and South Asia 2823. Globally, the region of East Asia had the highest overall ASIR of 0.78 per 100,000. […] In the GBD estimates for Africa, silicosis comprised 32% of all pneumoconiosis, and new cases increased by 124% from 1990 to 2017. […] The GBD study presents an encouraging decreasing trend in silicosis incidence from 1990 to 2017 (ASIR: 0.33 vs. 0.20 in Central Europe, 0.09 vs. 0.07 in Eastern Europe, 0.12 vs. 0.04 in Western Europe). […] In Brazil, the development of the National Program to eliminate silicosis began in 2002, but significant numbers of new cases continue to be reported through surveillance systems.

• #15 Silicosis – HSE

  https://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/silicosis.htm

  There were 95 cases of silicosis in 2007 and 85 in 2008 reported from the Industrial Injury Disablement Benefit (IIDB) scheme. There were 14 deaths from silicosis reported in 2006 and 7 in 2007. […] Health surveillance for silicosis should be considered for workers who are involved in high-risk occupations, including construction, foundry work, brick and tile work, ceramics, slate, manufacturing, quarries and stonework. Where workers are regularly exposed to RCS dust and there is a reasonable likelihood that silicosis may develop, health surveillance must be provided. […] Silicosis can develop in workers exposed to RCS in a number of industries including construction, stone working, quarrying, brick making and ceramics.

• #16 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  US data show a lessening of the rate of decline in deaths from silicosis after 1995, with an increased proportion of deaths in the age group younger than 45 years. These data indicate that intense overexposures to respirable crystalline silica continue to occur despite the existence of legally enforceable limits. A study of South African gold miners after they had left the mining industry documented a 25% cumulative risk of silicosis after 28 years of mining at a 0.33 mg/m3 silica exposure level. A death certificate study of South Dakota gold miners predicted that a 45-year cumulative exposure from ages 20 to 65 years at 0.09 mg/m3 would result in a 47% lifetime risk of silicosis. A study of Hong Kong granite quarriers indicated that cumulative silica exposure between 1 and 5 mg/m3 per year led to radiologic silicosis in 32% of men aged 50 years and older. In a study of Colorado miners who had left the hard rock mining industry, estimated exposures using silica measurements (in contrast to dust measurements) were associated with even higher risks of radiologic silicosis. In China, 23 million workers are exposed to silica, whereas in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has estimated that at least 1.7 million workers are exposed to silica, with between 1500 and 2360 of whom will develop silicosis each year.

• #17 Learn About Silicosis | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/silicosis/learn-about-silicosis

  Approximately 2.3 million U.S. workers are exposed to silica in the workplace, including 2 million in construction and 300,000 in other industries. […] When silica dust enters the lungs, it causes inflammation which over time leads to the development of scar tissue that makes breathing difficult. […] Having silicosis also increases the risk of other health problems, including tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. […] Any occupation that involves chipping, cutting, drilling, or grinding soil, granite, slate, sandstone, or other natural material can cause exposure to silica dust.

• #18 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  Silicosis remains an important occupational lung disease in North America. There are data on exposures and cases in the United States and Canada, but little surveillance has been reported from Mexico. […] The GBD study indicated the silicosis ASIR in Australia to be 0.06 in 2017, and 0.07 in New Zealand. […] Despite silicosis being one of the oldest described lung diseases, the occurrence of over 20,000 new cases per year indicates that the disease remains very present. The high incidence of silicosis in regions of Asia, Africa and South America is particularly concerning and the recent emergence of silicosis in the benchtop production industry has clearly demonstrated that even high-income countries are not immune from this preventable occupational disease.

• #19

  https://ijomeh.eu/Epidemiology-of-silicosis-reported-to-the-central-register-of-occupational-diseases,147705,0,2.html

  Epidemiology of silicosis reported to the central register of occupational diseases over last 20 years in Poland […] The aim of the study was to investigate and assess the incidence of silicosis cases acknowledged as occupational diseases in Poland in 2000-2019. […] During the period 2000-2019, 2066 confirmed cases of silicoses and 10 665 cases of other pneumoconioses including asbestosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis were reported to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. Silicoses accounted for 12.8-21.2% of all pneumoconioses. […] The number of confirmed cases of silicosis in Poland decreased in 2000-2019 but the disease still remains an important health problem. Prevention is crucial to reduce further disease incidence. The medical monitoring standards of exposed workers should be improved. Developing new diagnosing guidelines with the use of other imaging examinations, like high-resolution computed tomography, has to be considered. The analysis should contribute into the implementation of silicosis preventative programmes, both at the enterprise and national level.

• #20 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  Accurate assessment of the frequency of silicosis and other pneumoconioses in the United States and in other countries is challenging for many reasons. The number of people who are at risk of silicosis and who are affected by the disease is unknown because of poor record-keeping practices, time delays from exposure to diagnosis, and poor understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease. Over 2 million workers have experienced an occupational exposure to silica, with male workers predominantly affected, reflecting the occupations at risk. […] Several epidemics of silicosis have been reported from a number of nations, including the United States. The worst epidemic of silicosis occurred in 1930-1931, during the construction of the Gauley Bridge tunnel in West Virginia; more than 400 of the estimated 2000 men who drilled rocks died of silicosis, and almost all the survivors developed silicosis. More recently, in 1996, silicosis was reported in 60 of 1072 workers in an automotive factory. The risk of developing the disease increased as the number of years of exposure increased. Among workers who were employed for more than 30 years, 12% developed silicosis.

• #21 Silicosis epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Silicosis_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Workers in a broad range of industries are exposed to crystalline silica. Up to 200,000 miners and 1.7 million non-mining workers in the United States have experienced significant occupational exposure to inhaled silica. […] Several epidemics of silicosis have been reported worldwide, including the United States. The worst epidemic of silicosis occurred in 1930-1931, during the construction of Gauley Bridge tunnel in West Virginia (also known as hawks nest tunnel disaster), more than 400 of the estimated 2000 men who drilled rocks died of silicosis, and almost all the survivors developed silicosis. […] It is estimated that there were between 3600 and 7300 cases per year of silicosis in the United States between 1987 and 1996. During that decade, nearly 3000 deaths were attributed to silicosis in the United States. The overall mortality attributable to silicosis has decreased substantially in the United States over the past 30 years, largely because of improved workplace protection. […] Between 1991-1995, 500,000 cases recorded in China, and annually 6000 new cases and more than 24,000 deaths reported. […] The Colombian Government estimates that 1.8 million workers in the country are at risk of developing the disease.

• #22 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  Accurate assessment of the frequency of silicosis and other pneumoconioses in the United States and in other countries is challenging for many reasons. The number of people who are at risk of silicosis and who are affected by the disease is unknown because of poor record-keeping practices, time delays from exposure to diagnosis, and poor understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease. Over 2 million workers have experienced an occupational exposure to silica, with male workers predominantly affected, reflecting the occupations at risk. […] Several epidemics of silicosis have been reported from a number of nations, including the United States. The worst epidemic of silicosis occurred in 1930-1931, during the construction of the Gauley Bridge tunnel in West Virginia; more than 400 of the estimated 2000 men who drilled rocks died of silicosis, and almost all the survivors developed silicosis. More recently, in 1996, silicosis was reported in 60 of 1072 workers in an automotive factory. The risk of developing the disease increased as the number of years of exposure increased. Among workers who were employed for more than 30 years, 12% developed silicosis.

• #23 Notes from the Field: Surveillance of Silicosis Using Electronic Case Reporting — California, December 2022–July 2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7246a4.htm

  Silicosis is a progressive, incurable, fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust produced in industries such as construction, quarrying, and coal mining. A resurgence of silicosis among young workers fabricating engineered stone (quartz) countertops in California and in countries including Australia, Israel, and Spain has focused attention on the need for timely case identification for primary and secondary prevention. […] In December 2022, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) added reporting rules for silicosis to RCKMS, so that any initial case report received by the eCR infrastructure from health care provider EHRs that includes a silicosis diagnosis in the patients problem list is sent to CDPH for silicosis surveillance. […] The number of silicosis cases identified is a fraction of the reports anticipated when more health care organizations implement silicosis trigger criteria in addition to COVID-19 and mpox trigger criteria.

• #24 What is Silicosis? | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/environmental-surveillance-toxicology/occupational-health/asbestosis-and-silicosis/what-is-silicosis

  Silicosis is a respiratory disease. It occurs from long-term inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. […] The first case of silicosis linked to an engineered stone fabrication worker was identified in Texas in 2014. Since then, other states have found more cases of silicosis in engineered stone fabrication workers through monitoring rates and cases. […] The reporting requirements remain the same for workers diagnosed with silicosis stemming from engineered stone.

• #25 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Among 544 SBI workers screened, 95% worked with artificial stone and 86.2% were exposed to dry processing of stone. […] The prevalence of silicosis was high. Compared with HRCT chest, CXR and RFTs had limited value in screening this high-risk population. […] The prevalence of silicosis among SBI workers had not been previously quantified. […] There is also concern that respiratory function tests (RFT) and chest X-rays (CXR) used for surveillance of silica-exposed workers have poor sensitivity to detect early stage silicosis in this industry. […] This study confirmed a very high risk of silicosis associated with work in the SBI. […] This prevalence estimate is similar to that found in another screening programme undertaken in Queensland, Australia. […] Dry processing of artificial stone is a highly hazardous work practice that has been reported in association with silicosis from many countries.

• #26 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  Silicosis remains an important occupational lung disease in North America. There are data on exposures and cases in the United States and Canada, but little surveillance has been reported from Mexico. […] The GBD study indicated the silicosis ASIR in Australia to be 0.06 in 2017, and 0.07 in New Zealand. […] Despite silicosis being one of the oldest described lung diseases, the occurrence of over 20,000 new cases per year indicates that the disease remains very present. The high incidence of silicosis in regions of Asia, Africa and South America is particularly concerning and the recent emergence of silicosis in the benchtop production industry has clearly demonstrated that even high-income countries are not immune from this preventable occupational disease.

• #27 Surveillance for Silicosis — Michigan and New Jersey, 2003–2011 | MMWR

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/63/wr/mm6355a7.htm_s_cid=mm6355a7_w

  CDCs National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), state health departments, and other state entities maintain a state-based surveillance program of confirmed silicosis cases. […] This report summarizes information for cases of silicosis that were reported to CDC for 20032011 by Michigan and New Jersey, the only states that continue to provide data voluntarily to NIOSH. […] During 19992013, a total of 2,065 decedents (age-adjusted death rate: 0.57 per 1 million persons aged 15 years) had silicosis listed as the cause of death on the death certificate. […] However, the number of hospitalizations for which silicosis was listed as one of the discharge diagnoses did not decline during 19972011. […] Cases of silicosis continue to occur despite the existence of legally enforceable exposure limits.

• #28 Surveillance for Silicosis — Michigan and New Jersey, 2003–2011 | MMWR

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/63/wr/mm6355a7.htm_s_cid=mm6355a7_w

  In 2014, silicosis with progressive massive fibrosis was observed in a male aged 37 years who worked for an engineered stone countertop company as a polisher, laminator, and fabricator. […] Silicosis was put under nationwide surveillance as part of the National Public Health Surveillance System in 1999 and became a nationally notifiable and standard condition in 2009. […] Since 2005, NIOSH has supported efforts by states to conduct surveillance for silicosis under the State-Based Occupational Health and Safety Surveillance cooperative agreement. […] Currently, Michigan and New Jersey are funded to continue to conduct sentinel case-based silicosis surveillance and interventions. […] This report summarizes data for silicosis cases that met the surveillance case definition for a confirmed silicosis case for 20032011 as reported by Michigan and New Jersey. […] The number of states that conduct silicosis surveillance varies by year based on funding support by NIOSH.

• #29 CDC – ORDS: State-Based Surveillance: Silicosis – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/surveillance/ords/statesurveillance/silicosis.html

  Michigan and Ohio maintained sentinel (case-based) silicosis surveillance systems from 1988-2002, and New Jersey maintained silicosis surveillance program from 1988-2015; Michigan continues to maintain their sentinel surveillance systems. […] California conducted sentinel surveillance for silicosis from 2000-2002. […] New York conducts surveillance for all occupational lung diseases, including silicosis, through its long-standing Occupational Lung Disease Registry. […] Work-Related Lung Disease Surveillance System (eWoRLD) provides state-based surveillance data for silicosis from participating states.

• #30 29-year summary of silicosis in one state | 2019-02-21 | ISHN

  https://www.ishn.com/articles/110280–year-summary-of-silicosis-in-one-state

  Silicosis is a lung disease caused by exposure to airborne silica. […] Since 1988, Michigan has been identifying individuals who develop silicosis with the goal of targeting prevention actions. Michigans system is both the longest running and only comprehensive surveillance system for silicosis in the United States. […] Michigan has a uniquely intense state-based surveillance program for silicosis. It is important to the rest of the country because it identifies contemporary industries and occupations that are still at risk. […] Funding for Michigans silicosis surveillance comes from NIOSH.

• #31 Active Surveillance of Engineered Stone Workers Facilitates Early Identification of Silicosis: A Discussion of Surveillance of Occupational Lung Diseases | Department of Medicine Blog

  https://connect.uclahealth.org/dom/2023/08/31/active-surveillance-of-engineered-stone-workers-facilitates-early-identification-of-silicosis-a-discussion-of-surveillance-of-occupational-lung-diseases/

  Active Surveillance of Engineered Stone Workers Facilitates Early Identification of Silicosis: A Discussion of Surveillance of Occupational Lung Diseases. […] Active Surveillance of Engineered Stone Workers Facilitates Early Identification of Silicosis: A Discussion of Surveillance of Occupational Lung Diseases.

• #32 Notes from the Field: Surveillance of Silicosis Using Electronic Case Reporting — California, December 2022–July 2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7246a4.htm

  Silicosis is a progressive, incurable, fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust produced in industries such as construction, quarrying, and coal mining. A resurgence of silicosis among young workers fabricating engineered stone (quartz) countertops in California and in countries including Australia, Israel, and Spain has focused attention on the need for timely case identification for primary and secondary prevention. […] In December 2022, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) added reporting rules for silicosis to RCKMS, so that any initial case report received by the eCR infrastructure from health care provider EHRs that includes a silicosis diagnosis in the patients problem list is sent to CDPH for silicosis surveillance. […] The number of silicosis cases identified is a fraction of the reports anticipated when more health care organizations implement silicosis trigger criteria in addition to COVID-19 and mpox trigger criteria.

• #33 Surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease study: efforts to better understand silicosis and to reduce workers’ exposure – Watte – Journal of Public Health and Emergency

  https://jphe.amegroups.org/article/view/5073/html

  Silicosis is one of the most important occupational diseases worldwide. In 2013, 46,000 silicosis-related deaths were reported in the world (1). China, for instance, estimates more than 24,000 events of death every year due to silicosis (2). […] In light of the important impact of silicosis, the epidemiologic analysis by Barber et al. found the Surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease (SWORD) to be an important resource of epidemiological data on Silicosis to the literature. […] The study by Barber et al. was the first attempt to deeply understand the demographic risk factors and distribution of silicosis across different age groups in the UK. […] In conclusion, the demographic results pointed in SWORD may be used as a baseline for future investigations to explore the outcomes of recent efforts to reduce workers exposure to silica. Moreover, there is an impending need for more demographic studies evaluating silicosis in other developed and developing countries to better understand the epidemiology of this disease worldwide.

• #34

  https://ijomeh.eu/Epidemiology-of-silicosis-reported-to-the-central-register-of-occupational-diseases,147705,0,2.html

  Epidemiology of silicosis reported to the central register of occupational diseases over last 20 years in Poland […] The aim of the study was to investigate and assess the incidence of silicosis cases acknowledged as occupational diseases in Poland in 2000-2019. […] During the period 2000-2019, 2066 confirmed cases of silicoses and 10 665 cases of other pneumoconioses including asbestosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis were reported to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. Silicoses accounted for 12.8-21.2% of all pneumoconioses. […] The number of confirmed cases of silicosis in Poland decreased in 2000-2019 but the disease still remains an important health problem. Prevention is crucial to reduce further disease incidence. The medical monitoring standards of exposed workers should be improved. Developing new diagnosing guidelines with the use of other imaging examinations, like high-resolution computed tomography, has to be considered. The analysis should contribute into the implementation of silicosis preventative programmes, both at the enterprise and national level.

• #35

  https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication1610006

  The Province of Ontario has had a surveillance program for workers in dusty industries for almost 70 years. This paper reports the detection rates of silicosis among 68,701 silicaexposed individuals who were first exposed to dust in 1950 or later, and who were still employed in 1979 or later. The detection rate varied strongly with latency, being less than two new cases per 10,000 examinations during the first two decades from first exposure, reaching two new cases per 1,000 examinations at 27 years from first exposure, and averaging between two and four new cases per 1,000 examinations thereafter. […] These data were used to model the detection rate of new cases of silicosis as a function of the time interval between examinations, and results are presented for examination cycles between 2 and 10 years.

• #36 Occupational Silica Exposure and Dose–Response for Related Disorders—Silicosis, Pulmonary TB, AIDs and Renal Diseases: Results of a 15-Year Israeli Surveillance

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/22/15010

  Occupational Silica Exposure and Dose–Response for Related Disorders—Silicosis, Pulmonary TB, AIDs and Renal Diseases: Results of a 15-Year Israeli Surveillance […] Background: The exposure patterns of respirable crystalline silica based on environmental records, as well as the link to different diseases, are not well described. Aims and objectives: In this study, we evaluated the risk for various diseases in relation to occupational silica exposure, including Silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), Autoimmune disorders (AIDs) and Renal diseases. […] We found 25 (9.58%) incident cases of silicosis, 10 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema (3.83%), six cases of several AIDs (2.30%), five cases of pulmonary TB (1.92%), three cases of renal diseases (1.15%), two cases of sarcoidosis (0.77%) and no lung cancer cases. […] Silica exposure was a significant risk factor for silicosis, pulmonary TB and AIDs. Our findings are important given persistent worldwide silica-related epidemics in low and high-income countries. […] The worldwide incidence of silicosis is increasing due to the high demand for occupations that involve silica exposure and the lack of proper protection. […] The threshold limit value (TLV) for RCS in Israel is 0.1 mg/m³. According to the Israeli regulations, silica workers are required to undergo biennial medical surveillance that includes a medical examination, pulmonary function tests and a chest X-ray every five years. […] Although there is some evidence of an association between silica exposure and the incidence of various disorders, the absence of reliable silica quantitative dosimetric data, the relative rarity of these outcomes and the fact that most evidence reported has been statistically non-significant, calls for further research, which is especially crucial given the persistent worldwide silica-related epidemics in both low and high-income countries. […] The contribution of silica exposure to the risk of pulmonary TB has been examined in multiple studies and varies according to the studied population and the general prevalence of pulmonary TB in the studied area. […] Our findings support the association described in the literature between silica exposure and pulmonary TB. […] Our study indicates an association between silica exposure and AIDs.

• #37 Silicosis | Surveillance | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/respiratorydisease/silicosis.html

  The following states were funded by NIOSH during the 20212026 State-Based Occupational Safety and Health Surveillance Program. This funding cycle is for case-based silicosis surveillance. […] Hospital discharge data represent the primary ascertainment source. Other data sources include: […] Demographics, work history, and medical information are used for case confirmation. They are obtained through initial case sources, medical records, and case follow-up. […] Find actual or suspected cases of work-related silicosis on the Silicosis Reporting Guidelines page. […] Occupational health indicator data from states and territories from 2000 through 2017. Two indicators relate to silicosis: […] Indicator #9: Hospitalizations from or with pneumoconiosis […] Indicator #10: Mortality from or with pneumoconiosis.

• #38 Silicosis | Surveillance | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/respiratorydisease/silicosis.html

  The following states were funded by NIOSH during the 20212026 State-Based Occupational Safety and Health Surveillance Program. This funding cycle is for case-based silicosis surveillance. […] Hospital discharge data represent the primary ascertainment source. Other data sources include: […] Demographics, work history, and medical information are used for case confirmation. They are obtained through initial case sources, medical records, and case follow-up. […] Find actual or suspected cases of work-related silicosis on the Silicosis Reporting Guidelines page. […] Occupational health indicator data from states and territories from 2000 through 2017. Two indicators relate to silicosis: […] Indicator #9: Hospitalizations from or with pneumoconiosis […] Indicator #10: Mortality from or with pneumoconiosis.

• #39 Notes from the Field: Surveillance of Silicosis Using Electronic Case Reporting — California, December 2022–July 2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7246a4.htm

  Silicosis is a progressive, incurable, fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust produced in industries such as construction, quarrying, and coal mining. A resurgence of silicosis among young workers fabricating engineered stone (quartz) countertops in California and in countries including Australia, Israel, and Spain has focused attention on the need for timely case identification for primary and secondary prevention. […] In December 2022, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) added reporting rules for silicosis to RCKMS, so that any initial case report received by the eCR infrastructure from health care provider EHRs that includes a silicosis diagnosis in the patients problem list is sent to CDPH for silicosis surveillance. […] The number of silicosis cases identified is a fraction of the reports anticipated when more health care organizations implement silicosis trigger criteria in addition to COVID-19 and mpox trigger criteria.

• #40 Silicosis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/silicosis

  Silicosis results from exposure to free crystalline silica. […] Surveillance of exposed workers with respiratory questionnaires, spirometry, and chest x-rays is recommended. Frequency of surveillance depends to some degree on the expected intensity of the exposure. […] Every year, 200 to 300 workers in the United States die with silicosis. […] All cases of disease caused by exposure to silica are reportable in Iowa as a sub-section of the non-communicable respiratory disease surveillance program, under the definition found in the Iowa Administrative Code [641] Chapter 1: Noncommunicable respiratory illnesses means an illness indicating prolonged exposure or overexposure to asbestos, silica, silicates, aluminum, graphite, bauxite, beryllium, cotton dust or other textile material, or coal dust. Noncommunicable respiratory illnesses includes, but is not limited to asbestosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis, and silicosis. […] Mandatory reporting is required of health care providers, clinics, hospitals, clinical laboratories, and other health care facilities; school nurses or school officials; poison control and information centers; medical examiners; occupational nurses.

• #41 Center of Excellence for Silicosis & Its Prevention Program

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/directory/silicosis-prevention

  Some industries where exposure to silica dust may occur include: […] Exposure to silica dust has been known for centuries to cause silicosis, yet many cases continue to occur in the United States and worldwide. […] Silicosis is not reversible, but it is preventable. […] Under the 2017 OSHA Silica Standard, employers are required to comply by: […] This surveillance must be performed a Physician or other Licensed Health Care Provider (PLHCP) with a baseline medical examination happening 30 days after initial assignment and periodic examinations at least every 3 years. […] At National Jewish Health, we can offer employers: […] OSHA-compliant medical screening and surveillance for early disease.

• #42 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/85

  Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992 […] This paper reports the detection rates of silicosis among silica-exposed persons first exposed to dust in 1950 or later and still employed in 1979 or later in the province of Ontario. The rate varied strongly with latency, being less than two new cases per 10 000 examinations during the first two decades from first exposure, reaching two new cases per 1000 examinations at 27 years from first exposure, and averaging between two and four new cases per 1000 examinations thereafter. A Poisson regression analysis found that the silicosis rate in the interval after 30 years from first exposure was more than 16 times higher than the rate prior to 20 years from first exposure. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates among the workers in the mining, primary metal, and nonmetallic mineral industries sectors. The rate of silicosis was higher among smokers than among never smokers (rate ratio 1.54).

• #43 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/85

  Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992 […] This paper reports the detection rates of silicosis among silica-exposed persons first exposed to dust in 1950 or later and still employed in 1979 or later in the province of Ontario. The rate varied strongly with latency, being less than two new cases per 10 000 examinations during the first two decades from first exposure, reaching two new cases per 1000 examinations at 27 years from first exposure, and averaging between two and four new cases per 1000 examinations thereafter. A Poisson regression analysis found that the silicosis rate in the interval after 30 years from first exposure was more than 16 times higher than the rate prior to 20 years from first exposure. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates among the workers in the mining, primary metal, and nonmetallic mineral industries sectors. The rate of silicosis was higher among smokers than among never smokers (rate ratio 1.54).

• #44 Implementation and Cost Analysis of a Novel Silicosis Case-Finding Program For Mine Workers in Rural Rwanda | Global Health: Science and Practice

  https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/2/e2300290

  A novel case-finding program for silicosis was developed and implemented for mine workers working in semi-industrial mines that included education about causes and protection, symptom screening for silicosis and TB, chest X-ray, spirometry, and screening for hypertension and diabetes. […] Of the 1,032 mine workers enrolled in the program, 95 (9.2%) had radiographic evidence of silicosis, 221 (21.6%) screened positive for hypertension, and 12 (1.1%) had elevated glucose readings. […] Little is known about the burden of silicosis in Africa, despite extensive mining and construction operations in the region putting numerous people at risk. […] We describe the first-ever silicosis case-finding project in rural Rwanda using chest X-ray, symptom questionnaires, and spirometry. […] Little is known about the burden of silicosis in sub-Saharan Africa despite extensive mining operations in the region. Disease surveillance has been limited to southern Africa, where estimates vary considerably.

• #45 What is silicosis and what does research say about it?

  https://journalistsresource.org/home/silicosis-an-explainer-and-research-roundup/

  The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study estimates that more than 12,900 people worldwide die from silicosis each year. […] In the wake of modern-day silicosis cases, researchers have called for larger studies to better understand the disease and the discovery of effective treatments. […] This study examines the use of electronic case reporting to identify silicosis cases in California. […] From October 2022 to July 2023, the California Department of Public Health received initial silicosis case reports for 41 individuals. […] Notably, engineered stone countertop fabrication was a significant source of exposure, especially among Hispanic and Latino workers. […] It is important that health care providers routinely ask patients about their work as an important determinant of health, the authors write. Being aware of the risks associated with work exposures, as well as the regulations, medical monitoring, and prevention strategies that address those risks can help guide patient care.

• #46 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Among 544 SBI workers screened, 95% worked with artificial stone and 86.2% were exposed to dry processing of stone. […] The prevalence of silicosis was high. Compared with HRCT chest, CXR and RFTs had limited value in screening this high-risk population. […] The prevalence of silicosis among SBI workers had not been previously quantified. […] There is also concern that respiratory function tests (RFT) and chest X-rays (CXR) used for surveillance of silica-exposed workers have poor sensitivity to detect early stage silicosis in this industry. […] This study confirmed a very high risk of silicosis associated with work in the SBI. […] This prevalence estimate is similar to that found in another screening programme undertaken in Queensland, Australia. […] Dry processing of artificial stone is a highly hazardous work practice that has been reported in association with silicosis from many countries.

• #47 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Our results demonstrated poor sensitivity and PPV for these tests for high-risk SBI workers that met the programme criteria for secondary screening, when compared with an assessment with an HRCT chest and respiratory physician. […] These results reinforce that a normal CXR cannot exclude silicosis, especially early stage disease. […] Our findings have implications worldwide. There has been rapid growth in the popularity of artificial stone globally. Despite this, there are no current data indicating how many people work in this industry, nor is there information about the pervasiveness of the practice of dry processing of stone. […] This study demonstrated a high prevalence of silicosis, a preventable occupational lung disease, among workers in the SBI.

• #48 Health surveillance for those exposed to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) – Guidance for occupational health professionals – HSE

  https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/healthsurveillance.htm

  Health surveillance for silicosis should be considered for workers who are involved in high-risk occupations, including construction, foundry work, brick and tile work, ceramics, slate, manufacturing, quarries and stonework. […] Where workers are regularly exposed to RCS dust and there is a reasonable likelihood that silicosis may develop, health surveillance must be provided.

• #49 Silicosis – HSE

  https://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/silicosis.htm

  There were 95 cases of silicosis in 2007 and 85 in 2008 reported from the Industrial Injury Disablement Benefit (IIDB) scheme. There were 14 deaths from silicosis reported in 2006 and 7 in 2007. […] Health surveillance for silicosis should be considered for workers who are involved in high-risk occupations, including construction, foundry work, brick and tile work, ceramics, slate, manufacturing, quarries and stonework. Where workers are regularly exposed to RCS dust and there is a reasonable likelihood that silicosis may develop, health surveillance must be provided. […] Silicosis can develop in workers exposed to RCS in a number of industries including construction, stone working, quarrying, brick making and ceramics.

• #50 Engineered Stone Silicosis: New Face of an Old Disease

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/engineered-stone-silicosis-new-face-of-an-old-disease

  Employment in kitchen construction may not raise red flags during the assessment of a patient with unexplained dyspnea. However, since late 2019, multiple cases of severe silicosis have been identified in fabricators of engineered stone kitchen countertops across the United States, Australia, Israel and Europe. […] The risk of silicosis associated with engineered stone fabrication was first identified in 2012, after an outbreak of severe silicosis was seen in Israeli workers who had dry-cut engineered stone products. […] Within the United States multiple clusters of silicosis have been identified among engineered stone fabricators, the majority of whom had late-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. […] While medical surveillance for silicosis is mandated for at-risk workers by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 2018 final ruling on RCS, rates of screening uptake remain low, with less than 11% of employers in one state offering routine medical surveillance.

• #51 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust and Silicosis Risk in Chinese Noncoal Mines: Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e56283

  Background: Despite increasing awareness, silica dustinduced silicosis still contributes to the huge disease burden in China. Worryingly, recent silica dust exposure levels and silicosis risk in Chinese noncoal mines remain unclear. […] Objective: We aimed to determine recent silica dust exposure levels and assess the risk of silicosis in Chinese noncoal mines. […] Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significant differences in the silicosis probability between silica dustexposed male and female miners (log-rank test 21=7.52, P=.01). […] Comprehensive qualitative risk assessment showed noncoal miners had a medium risk of silicosis, and the risks caused by total silica dust and respirable silica dust exposure were high and medium, respectively. […] These findings showed that miners in nonmetal, nonferrous metal, small, and open-pit mines have a higher I and higher qualitative silicosis risk.

• #52 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust and Silicosis Risk in Chinese Noncoal Mines: Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2024/1/e56283

  Conclusions: Chinese noncoal miners, especially those in nonmetal, nonferrous metal, small, and open-pit mines, still suffer high-level exposure to silica dust and a medium-level risk of silicosis. […] At present, the booming mining industry in China might place large numbers of workers at risk, and occupational silica dust exposure remains a potential challenge in improving Chinese occupational health, especially in noncoal mines. […] Therefore, it is necessary to determine the current dust exposure and silicosis risk levels in Chinese noncoal mines. […] The findings will provide crucial evidence for improving occupational health and fulfilling the promise of a healthy China. […] Given that 99.0% of silica dustexposed miners were male, when predicting the silicosis cumulative HR (H) and incidence (I) over the next 10, 20 and 30 years, we assumed that the gender was male (gender=1). […] These findings suggest that silica dust exposure and silicosis risk in Chinese noncoal mines remain a problem.

• #53 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  Accurate assessment of the frequency of silicosis and other pneumoconioses in the United States and in other countries is challenging for many reasons. The number of people who are at risk of silicosis and who are affected by the disease is unknown because of poor record-keeping practices, time delays from exposure to diagnosis, and poor understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease. Over 2 million workers have experienced an occupational exposure to silica, with male workers predominantly affected, reflecting the occupations at risk. […] Several epidemics of silicosis have been reported from a number of nations, including the United States. The worst epidemic of silicosis occurred in 1930-1931, during the construction of the Gauley Bridge tunnel in West Virginia; more than 400 of the estimated 2000 men who drilled rocks died of silicosis, and almost all the survivors developed silicosis. More recently, in 1996, silicosis was reported in 60 of 1072 workers in an automotive factory. The risk of developing the disease increased as the number of years of exposure increased. Among workers who were employed for more than 30 years, 12% developed silicosis.

• #54 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  US data show a lessening of the rate of decline in deaths from silicosis after 1995, with an increased proportion of deaths in the age group younger than 45 years. These data indicate that intense overexposures to respirable crystalline silica continue to occur despite the existence of legally enforceable limits. A study of South African gold miners after they had left the mining industry documented a 25% cumulative risk of silicosis after 28 years of mining at a 0.33 mg/m3 silica exposure level. A death certificate study of South Dakota gold miners predicted that a 45-year cumulative exposure from ages 20 to 65 years at 0.09 mg/m3 would result in a 47% lifetime risk of silicosis. A study of Hong Kong granite quarriers indicated that cumulative silica exposure between 1 and 5 mg/m3 per year led to radiologic silicosis in 32% of men aged 50 years and older. In a study of Colorado miners who had left the hard rock mining industry, estimated exposures using silica measurements (in contrast to dust measurements) were associated with even higher risks of radiologic silicosis. In China, 23 million workers are exposed to silica, whereas in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has estimated that at least 1.7 million workers are exposed to silica, with between 1500 and 2360 of whom will develop silicosis each year.

• #55 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  US data show a lessening of the rate of decline in deaths from silicosis after 1995, with an increased proportion of deaths in the age group younger than 45 years. These data indicate that intense overexposures to respirable crystalline silica continue to occur despite the existence of legally enforceable limits. A study of South African gold miners after they had left the mining industry documented a 25% cumulative risk of silicosis after 28 years of mining at a 0.33 mg/m3 silica exposure level. A death certificate study of South Dakota gold miners predicted that a 45-year cumulative exposure from ages 20 to 65 years at 0.09 mg/m3 would result in a 47% lifetime risk of silicosis. A study of Hong Kong granite quarriers indicated that cumulative silica exposure between 1 and 5 mg/m3 per year led to radiologic silicosis in 32% of men aged 50 years and older. In a study of Colorado miners who had left the hard rock mining industry, estimated exposures using silica measurements (in contrast to dust measurements) were associated with even higher risks of radiologic silicosis. In China, 23 million workers are exposed to silica, whereas in the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has estimated that at least 1.7 million workers are exposed to silica, with between 1500 and 2360 of whom will develop silicosis each year.

• #56 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health – Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992

  https://www.sjweh.fi/article/85

  Silicosis surveillance in Ontario from 1979 to 1992 […] This paper reports the detection rates of silicosis among silica-exposed persons first exposed to dust in 1950 or later and still employed in 1979 or later in the province of Ontario. The rate varied strongly with latency, being less than two new cases per 10 000 examinations during the first two decades from first exposure, reaching two new cases per 1000 examinations at 27 years from first exposure, and averaging between two and four new cases per 1000 examinations thereafter. A Poisson regression analysis found that the silicosis rate in the interval after 30 years from first exposure was more than 16 times higher than the rate prior to 20 years from first exposure. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates among the workers in the mining, primary metal, and nonmetallic mineral industries sectors. The rate of silicosis was higher among smokers than among never smokers (rate ratio 1.54).

• #57 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Among 544 SBI workers screened, 95% worked with artificial stone and 86.2% were exposed to dry processing of stone. […] The prevalence of silicosis was high. Compared with HRCT chest, CXR and RFTs had limited value in screening this high-risk population. […] The prevalence of silicosis among SBI workers had not been previously quantified. […] There is also concern that respiratory function tests (RFT) and chest X-rays (CXR) used for surveillance of silica-exposed workers have poor sensitivity to detect early stage silicosis in this industry. […] This study confirmed a very high risk of silicosis associated with work in the SBI. […] This prevalence estimate is similar to that found in another screening programme undertaken in Queensland, Australia. […] Dry processing of artificial stone is a highly hazardous work practice that has been reported in association with silicosis from many countries.

• #58 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Silica-exposed workers, with or without silicosis, are at increased risk for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also as much as 3.7 times higher than in healthy controls.

• #59 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. […] The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. […] The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. […] In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis.

• #60 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Silica-exposed workers, with or without silicosis, are at increased risk for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also as much as 3.7 times higher than in healthy controls.

• #61 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. […] The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. […] The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. […] In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis.

• #62 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. Silica-exposed workers, with or without silicosis, are at increased risk for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. The risk of a patient with silicosis developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also as much as 3.7 times higher than in healthy controls.

• #63 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis. This incidence was proportional to the severity of the silicosis, reaching up to 6.3% in the patients whose chest X-rays showed intense nodule profusion. […] Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. One study compared miners with nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases and controls without pulmonary disease.

• #64 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. […] The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. […] The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. […] In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis.

• #65 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis. This incidence was proportional to the severity of the silicosis, reaching up to 6.3% in the patients whose chest X-rays showed intense nodule profusion. […] Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. One study compared miners with nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases and controls without pulmonary disease.

• #66 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Silicosis, the most prevalent of the pneumoconioses, is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica particles. […] The risk of a patient with silicosis developing tuberculosis is higher (2.8 to 39 times higher, depending on the severity of the silicosis) than that found for healthy controls. […] The association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century. […] The risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is reported to be 2.8 to 39 times higher for patients with silicosis than for healthy controls. […] In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis.

• #67 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis. This incidence was proportional to the severity of the silicosis, reaching up to 6.3% in the patients whose chest X-rays showed intense nodule profusion. […] Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. One study compared miners with nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases and controls without pulmonary disease.

• #68 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. […] The association between exposure to silica, with or without silicosis, and the risk of developing tuberculosis and other mycobacteria-related diseases is well documented in the literature. […] The II Brazilian Consensus on Tuberculosis recommends that patients with silicosis and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration 10 mm) receive isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months. […] Our opinion is that patients with silicosis, as well as those with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years, even without the disease, should be submitted to tuberculin skin tests in the initial evaluation, since it is recognized that this population is at increased risk for tuberculosis. […] If positive (induration 10 mm), a six-month course of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) should be instituted.

• #69 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  In Brazil, a 52% prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in the form of progressive massive fibrosis, has been recently reported in patients with silicosis. […] In a prospective study evaluating 1,153 gold miners, the annual incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 2.7% in those with silicosis, compared with 0.98% in those without silicosis. This incidence was proportional to the severity of the silicosis, reaching up to 6.3% in the patients whose chest X-rays showed intense nodule profusion. […] Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. One study compared miners with nontuberculous mycobacteria-related diseases and controls without pulmonary disease.

• #70 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  All patients with TB who have a history of occupational dust exposure should be evaluated for silicosis and provided appropriate pulmonary/vocational rehabilitation. […] The need of integrating silicosis control efforts with TB control programs has been widely emphasized. […] However, the implementation mechanisms of such an integrated TB-silicosis program are unexplored. […] The lack of a cure for silicosis, diagnostic challenges in distinguishing the two diseases even on radiography, and facilitating early detection of cases called for the need for collaborative TB-silicosis activities. […] The experts also perceived that bidirectional collaborative activities between silicosis and TB would help in improving treatment outcomes of anti-TB regimen through early diagnosis and prompt management.

• #71 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  The experts recognized the need for programmatic guidelines for the management of patients with silicosis in hospital indoor facilities. […] The experts supported collaborative TB-silicosis activities, however, suggested focusing on areas with a high burden of silicosis. […] The experts also felt that while TB surveillance was well-established, silicosis surveillance was inadequate in India. […] Early detection of silicosis and TB among silica-exposed workers has been recommended to prevent further lung damage and limit the spread of TB in the community. […] Controlling/eliminating silica dust exposure would significantly lower the burden of silicosis and TB. […] A national silicosis elimination program at the block level must be devised through multi-sector engagement, and its implementation must be monitored by the government. […] Collaborative TB-silicosis activities should be undertaken in India to achieve significant progress in the prevention and control of silico-tuberculosis.

• #72 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  The association between exposure to silica, with or without silicosis, and the risk of developing tuberculosis and other mycobacteria-related diseases is well documented in the literature. The use of chemoprophylaxis in this population, however, does not count on equally extensive evidence. […] The II Brazilian Consensus on Tuberculosis recommends that patients with silicosis and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration 10mm) receive isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months. […] Our opinion is that patients with silicosis, as well as those with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years, even without the disease, should be submitted to tuberculin skin tests in the initial evaluation, since it is recognized that this population is at increased risk for tuberculosis.

• #73 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. […] The association between exposure to silica, with or without silicosis, and the risk of developing tuberculosis and other mycobacteria-related diseases is well documented in the literature. […] The II Brazilian Consensus on Tuberculosis recommends that patients with silicosis and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration 10 mm) receive isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months. […] Our opinion is that patients with silicosis, as well as those with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years, even without the disease, should be submitted to tuberculin skin tests in the initial evaluation, since it is recognized that this population is at increased risk for tuberculosis. […] If positive (induration 10 mm), a six-month course of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) should be instituted.

• #74 SciELO Brazil – Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia Tuberculose e silicose: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e quimioprofilaxia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpneu/a/5P6tt3p3pwj5bHqTrCzwGtM/?lang=en

  The association between exposure to silica, with or without silicosis, and the risk of developing tuberculosis and other mycobacteria-related diseases is well documented in the literature. The use of chemoprophylaxis in this population, however, does not count on equally extensive evidence. […] The II Brazilian Consensus on Tuberculosis recommends that patients with silicosis and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration 10mm) receive isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months. […] Our opinion is that patients with silicosis, as well as those with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years, even without the disease, should be submitted to tuberculin skin tests in the initial evaluation, since it is recognized that this population is at increased risk for tuberculosis.

• #75 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Tuberculosis and silicosis: epidemiology, diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis

  https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/1295/en-US/tuberculosis-and-silicosis–epidemiology–diagnosis-and-chemoprophylaxis;

  Another prospective study, in which more than 2,000 gold miners were monitored for 27 years, showed that the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis is proportional to the severity of the silicosis and the intensity of the exposure. […] The occurrence of diseases caused by other species of the genus Mycobacterium has also been studied. […] The association between exposure to silica, with or without silicosis, and the risk of developing tuberculosis and other mycobacteria-related diseases is well documented in the literature. […] The II Brazilian Consensus on Tuberculosis recommends that patients with silicosis and strongly positive tuberculin skin test results (induration 10 mm) receive isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) for six months. […] Our opinion is that patients with silicosis, as well as those with periods of exposure to silica longer than 10 years, even without the disease, should be submitted to tuberculin skin tests in the initial evaluation, since it is recognized that this population is at increased risk for tuberculosis. […] If positive (induration 10 mm), a six-month course of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid at 300 mg/day (or 10 mg/kg/day) should be instituted.

• #76 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  Globally, silicosis and tuberculosis (TB) have been targeted for elimination by 2030. […] A retrospective cohort study evaluated TB treatment outcomes in Khambhat block, the western part of India, between 138 patients with silico-tuberculosis and 2610 TB patients without silicosis in February-March 2022. […] On multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients with silico-tuberculosis had a 2.3 (95% CI 1.6-3.4) times higher odds of unfavorable treatment outcomes. […] The experts recommended collaborative TB-silicosis activities for improving treatment outcomes of patients with silico-tuberculosis. […] I conclude from the study’s findings that silicosis is associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes in this study setting. […] All patients with silicosis should be screened for TB and treated according to national TB program guidelines.

• #77 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  Globally, silicosis and tuberculosis (TB) have been targeted for elimination by 2030. […] A retrospective cohort study evaluated TB treatment outcomes in Khambhat block, the western part of India, between 138 patients with silico-tuberculosis and 2610 TB patients without silicosis in February-March 2022. […] On multivariable logistic regression analysis, patients with silico-tuberculosis had a 2.3 (95% CI 1.6-3.4) times higher odds of unfavorable treatment outcomes. […] The experts recommended collaborative TB-silicosis activities for improving treatment outcomes of patients with silico-tuberculosis. […] I conclude from the study’s findings that silicosis is associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes in this study setting. […] All patients with silicosis should be screened for TB and treated according to national TB program guidelines.

• #78 Silicosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302027-overview

  Accurate assessment of the frequency of silicosis and other pneumoconioses in the United States and in other countries is challenging for many reasons. The number of people who are at risk of silicosis and who are affected by the disease is unknown because of poor record-keeping practices, time delays from exposure to diagnosis, and poor understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease. Over 2 million workers have experienced an occupational exposure to silica, with male workers predominantly affected, reflecting the occupations at risk. […] Several epidemics of silicosis have been reported from a number of nations, including the United States. The worst epidemic of silicosis occurred in 1930-1931, during the construction of the Gauley Bridge tunnel in West Virginia; more than 400 of the estimated 2000 men who drilled rocks died of silicosis, and almost all the survivors developed silicosis. More recently, in 1996, silicosis was reported in 60 of 1072 workers in an automotive factory. The risk of developing the disease increased as the number of years of exposure increased. Among workers who were employed for more than 30 years, 12% developed silicosis.

• #79 What is silicosis and what does research say about it?

  https://journalistsresource.org/home/silicosis-an-explainer-and-research-roundup/

  Silicosis is a progressive, debilitating and sometimes fatal lung disease caused by breathing silica dust from cutting, drilling, chipping or grinding materials such as granite, sandstone, slate or artificial stone. The disease mostly affects workers in construction, stone countertop fabrication, mining, and even those who sandblast and stonewash denim jeans to create a worn out look. […] In the U.S. about 2.3 million workers are exposed to silica dust on the job, according to the American Lung Association. Other estimates show approximately 10 million workers in India, 3.2 million in the European Union and 2 million in Brazil work with material containing silica. […] However, the reporting system for occupational injuries and illnesses in the United States fails to capture many cases, leading to a poor understanding of silicosis incidence and prevalence, writes Ryan F. Hoy, who has published extensively on the topic, in a June 2022 article in Respirology.

• #80 Current global perspectives on silicosis—Convergence of old and newly emergent hazards

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9310854/

  Silicosis not a disease of the past. It is an irreversible, fibrotic lung disease specifically caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Over 20,000 incident cases of silicosis were identified in 2017 and millions of workers continue to be exposed to RCS. Identified case numbers are however a substantial underestimation due to deficiencies in reporting systems and occupational respiratory health surveillance programmes in many countries. […] This review provides global and regional perspectives of the epidemiology of silicosis, sources of exposure and barriers that have hampered global elimination. […] In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identified 23,695 incident cases of silicosis (age-standardized incidence rate [ASIR] = 0.30 per 100,000), which represents 39% of the 60,055 incident cases of pneumoconiosis.

• #81 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Among 544 SBI workers screened, 95% worked with artificial stone and 86.2% were exposed to dry processing of stone. […] The prevalence of silicosis was high. Compared with HRCT chest, CXR and RFTs had limited value in screening this high-risk population. […] The prevalence of silicosis among SBI workers had not been previously quantified. […] There is also concern that respiratory function tests (RFT) and chest X-rays (CXR) used for surveillance of silica-exposed workers have poor sensitivity to detect early stage silicosis in this industry. […] This study confirmed a very high risk of silicosis associated with work in the SBI. […] This prevalence estimate is similar to that found in another screening programme undertaken in Queensland, Australia. […] Dry processing of artificial stone is a highly hazardous work practice that has been reported in association with silicosis from many countries.

• #82 Prevalence and risk factors for silicosis among a large cohort of stone benchtop industry workers | Occupational & Environmental Medicine

  https://oem.bmj.com/content/80/8/439

  Our results demonstrated poor sensitivity and PPV for these tests for high-risk SBI workers that met the programme criteria for secondary screening, when compared with an assessment with an HRCT chest and respiratory physician. […] These results reinforce that a normal CXR cannot exclude silicosis, especially early stage disease. […] Our findings have implications worldwide. There has been rapid growth in the popularity of artificial stone globally. Despite this, there are no current data indicating how many people work in this industry, nor is there information about the pervasiveness of the practice of dry processing of stone. […] This study demonstrated a high prevalence of silicosis, a preventable occupational lung disease, among workers in the SBI.

• #83 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. […] Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. […] The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. […] Silicosis is the leading cause of BOD from pneumoconiosis. […] From 1990 to 2019, the incident and prevalent cases of silicosis increased by 64.6% and 91.4% respectively, while DALY numbers only rose by 20.8%. […] In addition, the incident, prevalent cases and DALY numbers all reached zenith after the age of 50 in 2019, which may be associated with the aging of global population. […] Generally, silicosis BOD is on a downward trend but cannot be ignored. […] The health departments and policy makers should pay more attention to implementing preventive tactics and improving the QOL of present sufferers.

• #84 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. […] Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. […] The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. […] Silicosis is the leading cause of BOD from pneumoconiosis. […] From 1990 to 2019, the incident and prevalent cases of silicosis increased by 64.6% and 91.4% respectively, while DALY numbers only rose by 20.8%. […] In addition, the incident, prevalent cases and DALY numbers all reached zenith after the age of 50 in 2019, which may be associated with the aging of global population. […] Generally, silicosis BOD is on a downward trend but cannot be ignored. […] The health departments and policy makers should pay more attention to implementing preventive tactics and improving the QOL of present sufferers.

• #85 Notes from the Field: Surveillance of Silicosis Using Electronic Case Reporting — California, December 2022–July 2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7246a4.htm

  It is important that health care providers routinely ask patients about their work as an important determinant of health. […] Further surveillance and follow-up should be completed to evaluate the effect of earlier reporting on disease outcome and prevention. eCR might help to further elucidate the scope and breadth of this important public health condition among vulnerable workers, with the goal of developing and implementing effective prevention strategies.

• #86 Notes from the Field: Surveillance of Silicosis Using Electronic Case Reporting — California, December 2022–July 2023 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7246a4.htm

  It is important that health care providers routinely ask patients about their work as an important determinant of health. […] Further surveillance and follow-up should be completed to evaluate the effect of earlier reporting on disease outcome and prevention. eCR might help to further elucidate the scope and breadth of this important public health condition among vulnerable workers, with the goal of developing and implementing effective prevention strategies.

• #87

  https://ijomeh.eu/Epidemiology-of-silicosis-reported-to-the-central-register-of-occupational-diseases,147705,0,2.html

  Epidemiology of silicosis reported to the central register of occupational diseases over last 20 years in Poland […] The aim of the study was to investigate and assess the incidence of silicosis cases acknowledged as occupational diseases in Poland in 2000-2019. […] During the period 2000-2019, 2066 confirmed cases of silicoses and 10 665 cases of other pneumoconioses including asbestosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis were reported to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. Silicoses accounted for 12.8-21.2% of all pneumoconioses. […] The number of confirmed cases of silicosis in Poland decreased in 2000-2019 but the disease still remains an important health problem. Prevention is crucial to reduce further disease incidence. The medical monitoring standards of exposed workers should be improved. Developing new diagnosing guidelines with the use of other imaging examinations, like high-resolution computed tomography, has to be considered. The analysis should contribute into the implementation of silicosis preventative programmes, both at the enterprise and national level.

• #88 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #89 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. […] A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. […] We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. […] Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. […] The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. […] The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029.

• #90 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10353232/

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. However, all the corresponding ASRs showed overall downward trends with an estimated average APC (AAPC) of -0.5(-0.7 to -0.3), -0.2(-0.5 to 0.0), and 2.0(-2.2 to -1.8), respectively. The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029. Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. In the global analysis of 204 countries and different regions, we assessed the trends in numbers and ASRs of silicosis between 1990 and 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was found to have decreased by an average of 0.5% per year in the same period. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) declined from 33.13/100,000 in 1990 to 31.60/100,000 in 2019 by an average of 0.2% each year. The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was reduced from 13.88/100,000 in 1990 to 7.87/100,000 in 2019 with an AAPC of 2.0%. The highest silicosis burden occurred in regions with middle SDI and high-middle SDI, followed by low-middle SDI and high SDI, while the lowest was found in low SDI. The BOD of silicosis was mainly borne by countries with middle SDI and high-middle SDI. Silicosis continues to be one of the most important occupational health issues and causes a potentially serious BOD worldwide. Though ASRs have experienced some fluctuations from 1990 to 2019, the trends may still be expected to descend steadily in the future.

• #91 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Globally, silicosis accounts for 90% of all pneumoconiosis cases and is a serious public health issue. […] A comprehensive analysis at temporal, spatial and population levels with the most updated data from GBD 2019 is provided in this study to estimate the disease burden of silicosis from 1990 to 2019 and make predictions to 2029. […] We delineated silicosis data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 30 years from GBD 2019. […] Globally, silicosis incident, prevalent cases, and DALYs increased by 64.6%, 91.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. […] The highest disease burden of silicosis was mainly transferred to the older from 1990 to 2019. […] The trend of ASRs demonstrated a rapid decline between 2005 and 2019, followed by a continuous decline until 2029.

• #92 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. […] Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. […] The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. […] Silicosis is the leading cause of BOD from pneumoconiosis. […] From 1990 to 2019, the incident and prevalent cases of silicosis increased by 64.6% and 91.4% respectively, while DALY numbers only rose by 20.8%. […] In addition, the incident, prevalent cases and DALY numbers all reached zenith after the age of 50 in 2019, which may be associated with the aging of global population. […] Generally, silicosis BOD is on a downward trend but cannot be ignored. […] The health departments and policy makers should pay more attention to implementing preventive tactics and improving the QOL of present sufferers.

• #93 Global incidence, prevalence and disease burden of silicosis: 30 years’ overview and forecasted trends | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-16295-2

  Though disease burden of silicosis has been on a decline in general from 1990 to 2019, which shows a promising prospect but cannot be ignored. […] Updating estimates and deconstructing the burden of silicosis by age, time, and location is of paramount importance but has been overlooked. […] The Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 covered 369 types of diseases and injuries across 204 countries and territories, which can help promote the decoding of landscape and dynamics underlying silicosis from a unique perspective. […] Silicosis is the leading cause of BOD from pneumoconiosis. […] From 1990 to 2019, the incident and prevalent cases of silicosis increased by 64.6% and 91.4% respectively, while DALY numbers only rose by 20.8%. […] In addition, the incident, prevalent cases and DALY numbers all reached zenith after the age of 50 in 2019, which may be associated with the aging of global population. […] Generally, silicosis BOD is on a downward trend but cannot be ignored. […] The health departments and policy makers should pay more attention to implementing preventive tactics and improving the QOL of present sufferers.

• #94 Engineered Stone Silicosis: New Face of an Old Disease

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/engineered-stone-silicosis-new-face-of-an-old-disease

  Given this, it is likely that many patients with silicosis related to engineered stone fabrication remain unrecognized. […] Silicosis is preventable. Through avoidance of dry cutting, utilizing engineering controls to reduce dust release and improve ventilation and providing appropriate personal protective equipment in situations where dry cutting cannot be avoided, the amount of RCS a worker is exposed to can be significantly reduced. […] A thorough occupational history should form part of any diagnostic evaluation for interstitial lung disease.

• #95 Implementation and Cost Analysis of a Novel Silicosis Case-Finding Program For Mine Workers in Rural Rwanda | Global Health: Science and Practice

  https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/2/e2300290

  Our case-finding activities identified 95 mine workers with radiographic evidence of silicosis, corresponding to a prevalence of 9.2% in our sample. […] We conclude that conducting large-scale occupational lung disease case-finding is clinically and economically feasible in resource-limited settings and can be effectively integrated with routine noncommunicable disease case-finding. […] Our case-finding program highlights the importance of ongoing stakeholder partnership, in our case, particularly between PIH/IMB, WMP, and the MOH. […] We stress the importance of including TB case-finding in occupational lung disease surveillance, given the overlap of clinical symptoms and radiographic findings and the high rates of co-occurrence.

• #96 Implementation and Cost Analysis of a Novel Silicosis Case-Finding Program For Mine Workers in Rural Rwanda | Global Health: Science and Practice

  https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/2/e2300290

  Our case-finding activities identified 95 mine workers with radiographic evidence of silicosis, corresponding to a prevalence of 9.2% in our sample. […] We conclude that conducting large-scale occupational lung disease case-finding is clinically and economically feasible in resource-limited settings and can be effectively integrated with routine noncommunicable disease case-finding. […] Our case-finding program highlights the importance of ongoing stakeholder partnership, in our case, particularly between PIH/IMB, WMP, and the MOH. […] We stress the importance of including TB case-finding in occupational lung disease surveillance, given the overlap of clinical symptoms and radiographic findings and the high rates of co-occurrence.

• #97 Silicosis Treatment, Action, Screening and Surveillance in Rwanda Trials

  https://ctv.veeva.com/study/silicosis-treatment-action-screening-and-surveillance-in-rwanda-trials

  The investigators propose a study of silicosis-related data from mine workers in Rwanda’s Eastern Province through the development of a silicosis surveillance and health education program at Rwinkwavu District Hospital. […] The investigators’ goal is to sample the complete mining population so as to obtain accurate prevalence of the full cohort of miners within the RDH catchment area, which may also allow us to detect asymptomatic disease in certain miners, and to enroll these patients in future surveillance programs.

• #98 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  All patients with TB who have a history of occupational dust exposure should be evaluated for silicosis and provided appropriate pulmonary/vocational rehabilitation. […] The need of integrating silicosis control efforts with TB control programs has been widely emphasized. […] However, the implementation mechanisms of such an integrated TB-silicosis program are unexplored. […] The lack of a cure for silicosis, diagnostic challenges in distinguishing the two diseases even on radiography, and facilitating early detection of cases called for the need for collaborative TB-silicosis activities. […] The experts also perceived that bidirectional collaborative activities between silicosis and TB would help in improving treatment outcomes of anti-TB regimen through early diagnosis and prompt management.

• #99 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  The experts recognized the need for programmatic guidelines for the management of patients with silicosis in hospital indoor facilities. […] The experts supported collaborative TB-silicosis activities, however, suggested focusing on areas with a high burden of silicosis. […] The experts also felt that while TB surveillance was well-established, silicosis surveillance was inadequate in India. […] Early detection of silicosis and TB among silica-exposed workers has been recommended to prevent further lung damage and limit the spread of TB in the community. […] Controlling/eliminating silica dust exposure would significantly lower the burden of silicosis and TB. […] A national silicosis elimination program at the block level must be devised through multi-sector engagement, and its implementation must be monitored by the government. […] Collaborative TB-silicosis activities should be undertaken in India to achieve significant progress in the prevention and control of silico-tuberculosis.

• #100 Engineered Stone Silicosis: New Face of an Old Disease

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/engineered-stone-silicosis-new-face-of-an-old-disease

  Given this, it is likely that many patients with silicosis related to engineered stone fabrication remain unrecognized. […] Silicosis is preventable. Through avoidance of dry cutting, utilizing engineering controls to reduce dust release and improve ventilation and providing appropriate personal protective equipment in situations where dry cutting cannot be avoided, the amount of RCS a worker is exposed to can be significantly reduced. […] A thorough occupational history should form part of any diagnostic evaluation for interstitial lung disease.

• #101 A mixed-methods study on impact of silicosis on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and need for TB-silicosis collaborative activities in India | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30012-4

  All patients with TB who have a history of occupational dust exposure should be evaluated for silicosis and provided appropriate pulmonary/vocational rehabilitation. […] The need of integrating silicosis control efforts with TB control programs has been widely emphasized. […] However, the implementation mechanisms of such an integrated TB-silicosis program are unexplored. […] The lack of a cure for silicosis, diagnostic challenges in distinguishing the two diseases even on radiography, and facilitating early detection of cases called for the need for collaborative TB-silicosis activities. […] The experts also perceived that bidirectional collaborative activities between silicosis and TB would help in improving treatment outcomes of anti-TB regimen through early diagnosis and prompt management.

Zobacz więcej