Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Priapism – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459178/

  The outcome depends on the duration of symptoms, underlying pathology, comorbidities, and patient age. The longer the duration of symptoms, the poorer the outcome. The risk of long-term or permanent erectile dysfunction is high, especially in cases of prolonged priapism, despite optimal treatment. In addition, patients who experience one episode of priapism are at risk for recurrent attacks. A common cause of poor outcomes is infection. Younger men with sickle cell disease should be taught about priapism as early; rapid treatment helps minimize permanent damage and erectile dysfunction. […] Long-term erectile dysfunction due to damage from prolonged priapism is possible. The longer the duration of the priapism, the greater the damage to corpora cavernosal tissues. […] The prognosis of patients with priapism depends on age, duration of symptoms, and the underlying cause. If the priapism is present for less than 24 hours, then the chances of remaining potent are high, but if the duration is more than 72 hours, the risk of remaining potent is greatly diminished. Erectile dysfunction is a long-term complication in many patients, and recurrent episodes of priapism and longer durations are associated with a worse prognosis. The risk for recurrence is also high if one episode has already occurred. If the cause is associated with trauma, there is an increased risk of infection and fibrosis.

• #2 Priapism: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10042-priapism

  Priapism is a painful erection that lasts for several hours. It develops when blood remains in your penis and cant drain. It requires immediate medical treatment to prevent permanent damage to your penis. […] Priapism needs immediate treatment. Without treatment, it can cause permanent damage. […] Without treatment, priapism can permanently damage your penis. […] As long as you get treatment quickly, the outlook for most people is good. […] About half of people with low flow priapism can still achieve an erection if they can reverse priapism within 24 hours. If you have low-flow priapism for more than 36 hours, you’ll likely have scarring and permanent erectile dysfunction.

• #3 Risk factors, diagnosis, and long-term erectile dysfunction outcomes in priapism: a retrospective analysis of 186 cases from a single institution | International Journal of Impotence Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-025-01076-9

  Priapism is a medical condition defined by a prolonged, usually painful, erection that may lead to corporal fibrosis and subsequent erectile dysfunction (ED) if left untreated. […] Multivariate analysis revealed that ischemic priapism duration was the strongest predictor of de novo ED, with episodes lasting more than 36h significantly increasing the risk (OR=61.3, p=0.001), although episodes over 20h were also found to increase the risk (OR=25.2, p=0.007). […] Among ED-nave men, 77% developed de novo ED after ischemic priapism, with longer episode duration being the strongest predictor. Notably, ED risk rose sharply beyond 20h. […] Our multivariate logistic regression supports that ischemic priapism duration is a strong predictor of ED development. This is consistent with AUA guidelines recommending that providers counsel patients that the likelihood of erectile function recovery is low after events lasting 36h or longer.

• #4 Priapism | Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.renalandurologynews.com/ddi/priapism/

  Priapism is an uncontrolled, prolonged erection of the penis thats usually painful and continues beyond, or may not even be associated with, sexual stimulation. Priapism often requires intervention and can cause damage if left untreated. […] The prognosis for priapism depends on the type of priapism and duration of symptoms. Ischemic priapism has a good prognosis if detumescence is achieved within 6 hours. The longer the duration, the more likely a patient is to develop some degree of erectile dysfunction. Ischemic priapism lasting longer than 36 hours often causes permanent loss of normal erectile function, regardless of the treatment modality. The risk of complications including penile necrosis in extreme cases increases with ischemic priapism duration. Surgical intervention may itself increase the risk of erectile dysfunction. Rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment are essential to limit permanent damage.

• #5 Outcome and erectile function following treatment of priapism: An institutional experience

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4719511/

  Priapism has a devastating consequence on the sexual function of men if not promptly managed. […] Patients with late presentation and those patients requiring higher treatment modalities (e.g., proximal shunts) for achieving detumescence will subsequently have a poor erectile function. […] Preservation of normal erectile function following proximal and distal shunt procedures are 18.1% and 20%, respectively. […] Natural history of untreated ischemic priapism or refractory priapism to interventions is severe penile fibrosis, which results in penile deformity, length loss, and ED. […] Patients with late presentation and those patients requiring higher treatment modalities (e.g. proximal shunts) for achieving detumescence will subsequently have poor erectile function irrespective of the successful outcome in achieving complete detumescence of the penis.

• #6 :: WJMH :: World Journal of Men’s Health

  https://wjmh.org/DOIx.php?id=10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.1.1

  Priapism is defined as a persistent and painful erection lasting longer than four hours without sexual stimulation. […] The goal of management of priapism is to achieve detumescence of the persistent penile erection and to preserve erectile function after resolution of the priapism. […] The objective in clinical management of ischemic priapism, which is an emergency that may result in permanent ED, is to remove the compartment condition of the ongoing cavernosal hypoxia. […] The lifetime incidence rate of priapism in the SCD population is as high as 42%, and these episodes result in ED in over 30% of cases. […] Therefore, despite the low incidence of priapism, prompt evaluation and emergency management often are required.

• #7 Priapism | Diagnosis & Disease Information

  https://www.renalandurologynews.com/ddi/priapism/

  Nonischemic priapism has a much better prognosis than ischemic priapism. In nonischemic priapism, the penis maintains arterial blood flow, preventing the damage seen in ischemic priapism due to ischemic conditions. The recommended intervention for nonischemic priapism is embolization. This carries some risk of erectile dysfunction, can fail to resolve symptoms, and may not prevent recurrence. Research on nonischemic priapism is scarce, but embolization is effective 85% of the time, with 15% of patients experiencing recurrence. The incidence of erectile dysfunction after treatment is 15% to 17%.

• #8 Prolonged erection | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/prolonged-erection

  If you have a prolonged painful erection, seek medical help immediately because the sooner you get treatment, the better the outcome. If you cannot see your doctor urgently, go to your closest emergency department. […] Priapism is a medical emergency and the sooner you treat it, the lower the risk that the penis will be damaged. […] The sooner you treat it, the less risk that the penis will be damaged. If it’s not treated within 24 hours your penis may be permanently damaged and you might have trouble getting an erection in future. […] The main complication of priapism is erectile dysfunction. The longer the episode of priapism lasts, the more likely you are to develop erectile dysfunction. If you’ve had one priapism episode, you’re more likely to have another compared to someone who hasn’t experienced it before.

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